CN115305375B - Method for preparing and forming high-strength beryllium/aluminum composite material through semi-solid plastic deformation - Google Patents
Method for preparing and forming high-strength beryllium/aluminum composite material through semi-solid plastic deformation Download PDFInfo
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- CN115305375B CN115305375B CN202210859953.8A CN202210859953A CN115305375B CN 115305375 B CN115305375 B CN 115305375B CN 202210859953 A CN202210859953 A CN 202210859953A CN 115305375 B CN115305375 B CN 115305375B
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- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 200
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 188
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009715 pressure infiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910017818 Cu—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910018594 Si-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910008465 Si—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910007565 Zn—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018569 Al—Zn—Mg—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910019086 Mg-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001250 2024 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021365 Al-Mg-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018464 Al—Mg—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001572 beryllium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0475—Impregnated alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/04—Casting by dipping
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
- C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C24/00—Alloys based on an alkali or an alkaline earth metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
A method for preparing and molding a high-strength and high-toughness beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation relates to a preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness beryllium/aluminum composite material. The invention provides a method for preparing a high-toughness beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation, which enables beryllium particles and a matrix to be subjected to coordinated deformation and solves the problems of difficult forming and low strong plasticity of the existing beryllium/aluminum composite material. The method comprises the following steps: weighing industrial beryllium powder and aluminum metal blocks as raw materials, filling the industrial beryllium powder into a cold pressing mold for cold pressing and preheating; immersing molten aluminum metal into an industrial beryllium powder preform by pressure infiltration to obtain a high-density beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material; preheating the beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material and performing semi-solid plastic deformation treatment. The invention performs semi-solid plastic deformation treatment on the as-cast beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material to change beryllium metal from particles into fibers, thus obtaining the high-performance beryllium/aluminum composite material.
Description
Technical field:
the invention relates to a preparation method of a high-strength beryllium/aluminum composite material.
The background technology is as follows:
with the development of aerospace industry in China, the demand for light and high-strength materials is increasing. Beryllium metal has the characteristics of low density, high strength and high rigidity. Beryllium and aluminum are almost not in solid solution at normal temperature, so the material formed by the beryllium and the aluminum is essentially an aluminum-based composite material reinforced by beryllium particles. The aluminum alloy has the characteristic of being capable of being processed and deformed, the beryllium/aluminum composite material combines the characteristics of being capable of being processed and low in density, and meanwhile, the aluminum alloy has the characteristics of being light in weight, high in specific stiffness, high in specific strength, good in thermal stability and the like, and has a wide application prospect in the field of aerospace industry. At present, two methods for preparing the international beryllium/aluminum composite material are mainly adopted, namely a precision casting method and a powder metallurgy method. Casting beryllium/aluminum composites is prone to typical casting defects such as shrinkage porosity, hot cracking, and segregation. In addition, the low solid solubility of the two phases also results in poor interfacial bonding of the two phases, resulting in reduced mechanical properties of the composite. The powder metallurgy method for preparing the beryllium/aluminum composite material can lead to high production cost. The tensile strength of the beryllium/aluminum composite material prepared by using a hot isostatic pressing method after preparing the prealloy powder of the beryllium/aluminum abroad is about 300MPa, the yield strength is about 220-250 MPa, and the mechanical property is not outstanding. The method is limited by the preparation technology of beryllium powder in China, and the tensile strength of the beryllium/aluminum composite material obtained by directly mixing the beryllium powder with the aluminum powder and performing hot isostatic pressing is only 230MPa, and the yield strength is only 157MPa.
The density and mechanical properties of the material can be improved while the formation of the component can be realized by adopting thermal deformation, but when the content of the reinforcement in the metal matrix composite is higher than 40%, the deformation capability difference between the aluminum matrix and the reinforcement is huge, and the material is difficult to deform. When the metal particles are used as the reinforcement, the metal particles can be in coordinated deformation with the matrix in the deformation process of the material, and meanwhile, the compactness of the material can be improved, grains are refined, and the mechanical property of the material is improved. However, in the existing literature report of deformation treatment of beryllium/aluminum composite materials, the deformation temperature is below the solidus of aluminum alloy, so that the fluidity of aluminum alloy is poor, large plastic deformation cannot be realized, and the deformation effect of beryllium particles is limited, so that high-strength and high-toughness beryllium/aluminum composite materials cannot be obtained.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention provides a method for preparing a high-toughness beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation, which enables beryllium particles and a matrix to be subjected to coordinated deformation and solves the problems of difficult forming and low strong plasticity of the existing beryllium/aluminum composite material.
The method for preparing the formed high-strength beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation comprises the following steps:
1. weighing material
Weighing industrial beryllium powder and aluminum metal blocks as raw materials; the industrial beryllium powder accounts for 20% -60% of the total mass of the raw materials;
2. industrial beryllium powder prefabricated body block
Filling the industrial beryllium powder weighed in the first step into a cold pressing mold for cold pressing to obtain an industrial beryllium powder preform;
3. impregnation of aluminum metal
Preheating the industrial beryllium powder preform obtained in the second step; heating the weighed aluminum metal in the first step to 760-950 ℃ and preserving heat for 0.5-2 h to obtain molten aluminum metal; pouring molten aluminum metal into a mould filled with an industrial beryllium powder preform, immersing the molten aluminum metal into the industrial beryllium powder preform through pressure infiltration, stopping heating, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a high-density beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material;
4. preheating the beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material;
the preheating temperature is 80-160 ℃ below the melting point of aluminum metal, and the preheating time is 0.5-6 h;
5. semi-solid plastic deformation treatment
Performing semi-solid plastic deformation treatment on the preheated beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material in the step four to obtain a fibrous beryllium metal reinforced aluminum-based composite material, namely finishing;
the deformation ratio of the semi-solid plastic deformation treatment is (5-58): 1;
the semi-solid plastic deformation treatment has a deformation rate of 0.001s -1 ～10s -1 。
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention carries out semi-solid plastic deformation treatment on the as-cast beryllium particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material to lead the beryllium particles and the aluminum matrix to generate coordinated deformation, and the beryllium particles are elongated in the deformation direction, and the beryllium metal is changed into fiber from particles, thus obtaining the high-performance beryllium/aluminum composite material; the semi-solid plastic deformation treatment temperature is above the solidus of aluminum metal and below the liquidus and is close to the semi-solid temperature of the solidus, so that the fluidity of the material can be improved, the deformation capability can be improved, and the deformation of beryllium particles can be ensured.
2. The high-strength and high-toughness beryllium/aluminum composite material prepared by the invention has excellent performance and typical performance as follows: the elastic modulus exceeds 170GPa, the yield strength exceeds 550MPa, the tensile strength exceeds 670MPa, and the elongation exceeds 6%.
3. The invention provides a method for preparing a high-strength and high-toughness beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation, which has the advantages of simple process, easy operation, excellent composite material performance and easy realization of industrial production and application.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a photomicrograph of a high strength and toughness beryllium/aluminum composite prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and also comprises any reasonable combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for preparing the formed high-strength beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1. weighing material
Weighing industrial beryllium powder and aluminum metal blocks as raw materials; the industrial beryllium powder accounts for 20% -60% of the total mass of the raw materials;
2. industrial beryllium powder prefabricated body block
Filling the industrial beryllium powder weighed in the first step into a cold pressing mold for cold pressing to obtain an industrial beryllium powder preform;
3. impregnation of aluminum metal
Preheating the industrial beryllium powder preform obtained in the second step; heating the weighed aluminum metal in the first step to 760-950 ℃ and preserving heat for 0.5-2 h to obtain molten aluminum metal; pouring molten aluminum metal into a mould filled with an industrial beryllium powder preform, immersing the molten aluminum metal into the industrial beryllium powder preform through pressure infiltration, stopping heating, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a high-density beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material;
4. preheating the beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material;
the preheating temperature is 80-160 ℃ below the melting point of aluminum metal, and the preheating time is 0.5-6 h;
5. semi-solid plastic deformation treatment
Performing semi-solid plastic deformation treatment on the preheated beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material in the step four to obtain a fibrous beryllium metal reinforced aluminum-based composite material, namely finishing;
the deformation ratio of the semi-solid plastic deformation treatment is (5-58): 1;
the semi-solid plastic deformation treatment has a deformation rate of 0.001s -1 ～10s -1 。
1. In the embodiment, semi-solid plastic deformation treatment is carried out on the as-cast beryllium particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, so that the beryllium particles and the aluminum matrix are in coordinated deformation, and are elongated in the deformation direction, and the beryllium metal is changed from particles into fibers, so that the high-performance beryllium/aluminum composite material is obtained; the semi-solid plastic deformation treatment temperature is above the solidus of aluminum metal and below the liquidus and is close to the semi-solid temperature of the solidus, so that the fluidity of the material can be improved, the deformation capability can be improved, and the deformation of beryllium particles can be ensured.
2. The high-toughness beryllium/aluminum composite material prepared by the embodiment has excellent performance, and typical performance is as follows: the elastic modulus exceeds 170GPa, the yield strength exceeds 550MPa, the tensile strength exceeds 670MPa, and the elongation exceeds 6%.
3. The method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness beryllium/aluminum composite material through semi-solid plastic deformation is simple in process, easy to operate, excellent in composite material performance and easy to realize industrial production and application.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between this embodiment and the specific embodiment is that: the grain size of the industrial beryllium powder is 0.5-200 mu m.
And a third specific embodiment: the second difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that: the aluminum metal block is a pure aluminum or aluminum alloy block.
The specific embodiment IV is as follows: this embodiment differs from one of the first to third embodiments in that: the aluminum alloy block is one or the combination of a plurality of Al-Si alloy, al-Si-Cu alloy, al-Cu-Mg alloy, al-Zn-Cu alloy, al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy and Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy.
Fifth embodiment: the fourth difference between this embodiment and the third embodiment is that: the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si alloy is 2% -25%; the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si-Cu alloy is 0.5-25%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Cu in the Al-Cu-Mg alloy is 0.5-53%, and the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%; the mass fraction of Zn in the Al-Zn-Cu alloy is 0.5-55%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Zn in the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy is 0.5-55%, the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy is 0.5-25%, the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%, and the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%.
Specific embodiment six: this embodiment differs from one of the first to fifth embodiments in that: the specific steps of cold pressing are as follows: pressurizing the industrial beryllium powder to 4-8 MPa at the pressurizing speed of 0.1-30 mm/min and maintaining the pressure for 5-20 min.
Seventh embodiment: this embodiment differs from one of the first to sixth embodiments in that: and step three, preheating the industrial beryllium powder preform at 400-660 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 0.5-6 h.
Eighth embodiment: this embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: and fifthly, performing semi-solid plastic deformation treatment to obtain extrusion deformation treatment or rolling treatment.
Detailed description nine: this embodiment differs from the eighth embodiment in that: and the extrusion die is preheated to 80-160 ℃ below the melting point of aluminum metal during extrusion deformation treatment, and the preheating time is 0.5-6 h.
Detailed description ten: this embodiment differs from the eighth embodiment in that: and during the rolling treatment, the rolling roller is preheated to 80-160 ℃ below the melting point of aluminum metal, and the preheating time is 0.5-6 h.
The following examples are used to verify the benefits of the present invention:
example 1:
the method for preparing the formed high-strength and high-toughness beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation is carried out according to the following steps:
1. weighing material
Weighing industrial beryllium powder, and weighing aluminum metal blocks as raw materials; the industrial beryllium powder accounts for 60% of the total mass of the raw materials; the aluminum metal block is an Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy block; the mass fraction of Cu in the Al-Cu-Mg alloy (2024 aluminum alloy) is 4.5%, the mass fraction of Mg is 1.6%, and the balance is aluminum; the grain size of the industrial beryllium powder is 50 mu m;
2. industrial beryllium powder prefabricated body block
Filling the industrial beryllium powder weighed in the first step into a cold pressing mold for cold pressing to obtain an industrial beryllium powder preform;
the specific steps of cold pressing are as follows: pressurizing the mixed powder to 6MPa at a pressurizing speed of 5mm/min and maintaining the pressure for 10min;
3. impregnation of aluminum metal
Preheating the industrial beryllium powder preform obtained in the second step to 600 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours; heating the weighed aluminum metal in the first step to 800 ℃ and preserving heat for 1h to obtain molten aluminum metal; pouring molten aluminum metal into a mould filled with an industrial beryllium powder preform, immersing the molten aluminum metal into the industrial beryllium powder preform through pressure infiltration, stopping heating, and naturally cooling the composite material to room temperature to obtain a high-density beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material;
4. preheating the beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material;
the preheating temperature is 150 ℃ below the melting point of the aluminum alloy, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours;
5. semi-solid plastic deformation treatment
Performing semi-solid plastic deformation treatment on the preheated beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material in the step four to obtain a fibrous beryllium metal reinforced aluminum-based composite material, namely finishing; the semi-solid plastic deformation treatment is extrusion deformation treatment; the extrusion die is preheated to 150 ℃ below the melting point of aluminum metal during extrusion deformation treatment, and the heat preservation time is 2h;
the semi-solid plastic deformation ratio is 25:1, and the deformation rate is 0.03s -1 。
FIG. 1 is a high strength beryllium/aluminum composite obtained in example 1. As can be seen from fig. 1, the beryllium particles are elongated into a fibrous shape in the deformation direction, and the interface bonding remains good. The high strength and toughness beryllium/aluminum composite material obtained in example 1 has a density of 2.19g/cm 3 The elastic modulus is 181GPa, the yield strength is 613MPa, the tensile strength is 725MPa, and the elongation is 7.1%.
The as-cast beryllium/aluminum composite material obtained in the step three of example 1 has a tensile strength of 550MPa, a yield strength of 450MPa and an elongation of 5%. Compared with the as-cast beryllium/aluminum composite material obtained in the step III of the embodiment 1, the fibrous beryllium metal reinforced aluminum-based composite material obtained after the semi-solid plastic deformation treatment in the step V of the embodiment 1 can improve the tensile strength of the material by 31.8%, the yield strength by 36.2% and the elongation by 42%.
Example 2:
the method for preparing the formed high-strength and high-toughness beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation is carried out according to the following steps:
1. weighing material
Weighing industrial beryllium powder, and weighing aluminum metal blocks as raw materials; the industrial beryllium powder accounts for 45% of the total mass of the raw materials; the aluminum metal block is an Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy block; the mass fraction of Mg in the Al-Mg-Si alloy (6061 aluminum alloy) is 1%, the mass fraction of Si is 0.8%, and the balance is aluminum; the grain size of the industrial beryllium powder is 30 mu m;
2. industrial beryllium powder prefabricated body block
Filling the industrial beryllium powder weighed in the first step into a cold pressing mold for cold pressing to obtain an industrial beryllium powder preform;
the specific steps of cold pressing are as follows: pressurizing the mixed powder to 8MPa at a pressurizing speed of 6mm/min and maintaining the pressure for 10min;
3. impregnation of aluminum metal
Preheating the industrial beryllium powder preform obtained in the second step to 600 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours; heating the aluminum metal weighed in the first step to 820 ℃ and preserving heat for 1h to obtain molten aluminum metal; pouring molten aluminum metal into a mould filled with an industrial beryllium powder preform, immersing the molten aluminum metal into the industrial beryllium powder preform through pressure infiltration, stopping heating, and naturally cooling the composite material to room temperature to obtain a high-density beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material;
4. preheating the beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material;
the preheating temperature is 160 ℃ below the melting point of the aluminum alloy, and the heat preservation time is 1.5h;
5. semi-solid plastic deformation treatment
Performing semi-solid plastic deformation treatment on the preheated beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material in the step four to obtain a fibrous beryllium metal reinforced aluminum-based composite material, namely finishing; the semi-solid plastic deformation treatment is extrusion deformation treatment, wherein an extrusion die is preheated to 160 ℃ below the melting point of aluminum metal during the extrusion deformation treatment, and the heat preservation time is 1.5h; the semi-solid plastic deformation ratio is 10:1, and the deformation rate is 0.05s -1 。
The high strength and toughness beryllium/aluminum composite material obtained in example 2 has a density of 2.21g/cm 3 The elastic modulus is 176GPa, the yield strength is 572MPa, the tensile strength is 675MPa, and the elongation is 6.9%.
Example 3:
the method for preparing the formed high-strength and high-toughness beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation is carried out according to the following steps:
1. weighing material
Weighing industrial beryllium powder, and weighing aluminum metal blocks as raw materials; the industrial beryllium powder accounts for 40% of the total mass of the raw materials; the aluminum metal block is an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy block, the mass fraction of Zn in the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy is 8%, the mass fraction of Mg is 3%, the mass fraction of Cu is 1.5%, and the balance is aluminum; the grain diameter of the industrial beryllium powder is 70 mu m;
2. industrial beryllium powder prefabricated body block
Filling the industrial beryllium powder weighed in the first step into a cold pressing mold for cold pressing to obtain an industrial beryllium powder preform;
the specific steps of cold pressing are as follows: pressurizing the mixed powder to 8MPa at a pressurizing speed of 6mm/min and maintaining the pressure for 12min;
3. impregnation of aluminum metal
Preheating the industrial beryllium powder preform obtained in the second step to 610 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours; heating the weighed aluminum metal in the first step to 810 ℃ and preserving heat for 1h to obtain molten aluminum metal; pouring molten aluminum metal into a mould filled with an industrial beryllium powder preform, immersing the molten aluminum metal into the industrial beryllium powder preform through pressure infiltration, stopping heating, and naturally cooling the composite material to room temperature to obtain a high-density beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material;
4. preheating the beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material;
the preheating temperature is 140 ℃ below the melting point of the aluminum alloy, and the heat preservation time is 2.5h;
5. semi-solid plastic deformation treatment
Performing semi-solid plastic deformation treatment on the preheated beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material in the step four to obtain a fibrous beryllium metal reinforced aluminum-based composite material, namely finishing;
the semi-solid plastic deformation treatment is extrusion deformation treatment, wherein an extrusion die is preheated to 140 ℃ below the melting point of aluminum metal during the extrusion deformation treatment, and the heat preservation time is 2.5h; the semi-solid plastic deformation ratio is 15:1, and the deformation rate is 0.1s -1 ；
The high strength and toughness beryllium/aluminum composite material obtained in example 3 had a density of 2.23g/cm 3 The elastic modulus is 179GPa, the yield strength is 588MPa, the tensile strength is 696MPa, and the elongation is 6.8%.
Example 4:
the method for preparing the formed high-strength and high-toughness beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation is carried out according to the following steps:
1. weighing material
Weighing industrial beryllium powder, and weighing aluminum metal blocks as raw materials; the industrial beryllium powder accounts for 50% of the total mass of the raw materials; the aluminum metal block is an Al-Zn-Cu aluminum alloy block; the mass fraction of Zn in the Al-Zn-Cu alloy is 9%, the mass fraction of Cu is 2%, and the balance is Al; the grain diameter of the industrial beryllium powder is 100 mu m;
2. industrial beryllium powder prefabricated body block
Filling the industrial beryllium powder weighed in the first step into a cold pressing mold for cold pressing to obtain an industrial beryllium powder preform;
the specific steps of cold pressing are as follows: pressurizing the mixed powder to 8MPa at a pressurizing speed of 7mm/min and maintaining the pressure for 10min;
3. impregnation of aluminum metal
Preheating the industrial beryllium powder preform obtained in the second step to 600 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours; heating the weighed aluminum metal in the first step to 850 ℃ and preserving heat for 1h to obtain molten aluminum metal; pouring molten aluminum metal into a mould filled with an industrial beryllium powder preform, immersing the molten aluminum metal into the industrial beryllium powder preform through pressure infiltration, stopping heating, and naturally cooling the composite material to room temperature to obtain a high-density beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material;
4. preheating the beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material;
the preheating temperature is 100 ℃ below the melting point of the aluminum alloy, and the heat preservation time is 3.5h;
5. semi-solid plastic deformation treatment
Performing semi-solid plastic deformation treatment on the preheated beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material in the step four to obtain a fibrous beryllium metal reinforced aluminum-based composite material, namely finishing; the semi-solid plastic deformation treatment is extrusion deformation treatment, wherein an extrusion die is preheated to 100 ℃ below the melting point of aluminum metal during the extrusion deformation treatment, and the heat preservation time is 3.5h; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The semi-solid plastic deformation ratio is 20:1, and the deformation rate is 0.5s -1 ；
The high strength and toughness beryllium/aluminum composite material obtained in example 4 has a density of 2.26g/cm 3 The elastic modulus is 175GPa, the yield strength is 595MPa, the tensile strength is 701MPa, and the elongation is 6.5%.
Example 5:
the method for preparing the formed high-strength and high-toughness beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation is carried out according to the following steps:
1. weighing material
Weighing industrial beryllium powder, and weighing aluminum metal blocks as raw materials; the industrial beryllium powder accounts for 30% of the total mass of the raw materials; the aluminum metal block is an Al-Si-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy block; the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy is 5%, the mass fraction of Cu is 3.5%, the mass fraction of Mg is 1.4%, and the balance is aluminum; the grain diameter of the industrial beryllium powder is 80 mu m;
2. industrial beryllium powder prefabricated body block
Filling the industrial beryllium powder weighed in the first step into a cold pressing mold for cold pressing to obtain an industrial beryllium powder preform;
the specific steps of cold pressing are as follows: pressurizing the mixed powder to 8MPa at a pressurizing speed of 5mm/min and maintaining the pressure for 10min;
3. impregnation of aluminum metal
Preheating the industrial beryllium powder preform obtained in the second step to 610 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours; heating the aluminum metal weighed in the first step to 880 ℃ and preserving heat for 1h to obtain molten aluminum metal; pouring molten aluminum metal into a mould filled with an industrial beryllium powder preform, immersing the molten aluminum metal into the industrial beryllium powder preform through pressure infiltration, stopping heating, and naturally cooling the composite material to room temperature to obtain a high-density beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material;
4. preheating the beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material;
the preheating temperature is 80 ℃ below the melting point of the aluminum alloy, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours;
5. semi-solid plastic deformation treatment
Performing semi-solid plastic deformation treatment on the preheated beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material in the step four to obtain a fibrous beryllium metal reinforced aluminum-based composite material, namely finishing; the semi-solid plastic deformation treatment is extrusion deformation treatment, wherein an extrusion die is preheated to 80 ℃ below the melting point of aluminum metal during the extrusion deformation treatment, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours; the semi-solid plastic deformation ratio is 36:1, and the deformation rate is 1s -1 ；
The high strength and toughness beryllium/aluminum composite material obtained in example 5 has a density of 2.18g/cm 3 The elastic modulus is 172GPa, the yield strength is 573MPa, the tensile strength is 692MPa, and the elongation is 5.2%.
Example 6:
the method for preparing the formed high-strength and high-toughness beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation is carried out according to the following steps:
1. weighing material
Weighing industrial beryllium powder, and weighing aluminum metal blocks as raw materials; the industrial beryllium powder accounts for 30% of the total mass of the raw materials; the aluminum metal block is an Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy block, the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si-Cu alloy is 5%, the mass fraction of Cu is 4%, and the balance is aluminum; the grain diameter of the industrial beryllium powder is 40 mu m;
2. industrial beryllium powder prefabricated body block
Filling the industrial beryllium powder weighed in the first step into a cold pressing mold for cold pressing to obtain an industrial beryllium powder preform;
the specific steps of cold pressing are as follows: pressurizing the mixed powder to 8MPa at a pressurizing speed of 10mm/min and maintaining the pressure for 10min;
3. impregnation of aluminum metal
Preheating the industrial beryllium powder preform obtained in the second step to 600 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours; heating the weighed aluminum metal in the first step to 900 ℃ and preserving heat for 1h to obtain molten aluminum metal; pouring molten aluminum metal into a mould filled with an industrial beryllium powder preform, immersing the molten aluminum metal into the industrial beryllium powder preform through pressure infiltration, stopping heating, and naturally cooling the composite material to room temperature to obtain a high-density beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material;
4. preheating the beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material;
the preheating temperature is 120 ℃ below the melting point of the aluminum alloy, and the heat preservation time is 3.5h;
5. semi-solid plastic deformation treatment
Performing semi-solid plastic deformation treatment on the preheated beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material in the step four to obtain a fibrous beryllium metal reinforced aluminum-based composite material, namely finishing; the semi-solid plastic deformation treatment is extrusion deformation treatment, wherein an extrusion die is preheated to 120 ℃ below the melting point of aluminum metal during the extrusion deformation treatment, and the heat preservation time is 3.5h; the semi-solid plastic deformation ratio is 49:1, and the deformation rate is 0.2s -1 ；
The high strength and toughness beryllium/aluminum composite material obtained in example 6 has a density of 2.27g/cm 3 The elastic modulus is 169GPa, the yield strength is 552MPa, the tensile strength is 684MPa, and the elongation is 7.2%.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing and forming a high-strength beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for preparing the formed high-strength beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation comprises the following steps:
1. weighing material
Weighing industrial beryllium powder and aluminum metal blocks as raw materials; the industrial beryllium powder accounts for 20% -60% of the total mass of the raw materials;
2. industrial beryllium powder prefabricated body block
Filling the industrial beryllium powder weighed in the first step into a cold pressing mold for cold pressing to obtain an industrial beryllium powder preform;
3. impregnation of aluminum metal
Preheating the industrial beryllium powder preform obtained in the second step; heating the weighed aluminum metal in the first step to 760-950 ℃ and preserving heat for 0.5-2 hours to obtain molten aluminum metal; pouring molten aluminum metal into a mould filled with an industrial beryllium powder preform, immersing the molten aluminum metal into the industrial beryllium powder preform through pressure infiltration, stopping heating, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a high-density beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material;
4. preheating the beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material;
the preheating temperature is 80-160 ℃ below the melting point of aluminum metal, and the preheating time is 0.5-6 h;
5. semi-solid plastic deformation treatment
Performing semi-solid plastic deformation treatment on the preheated beryllium particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material in the step four to obtain a fibrous beryllium metal reinforced aluminum-based composite material, namely finishing;
the deformation ratio of the semi-solid plastic deformation treatment is (5-58): 1;
the semi-solid plastic deformation treatment has a deformation rate of 0.001s -1 ~10s -1 。
2. The method for preparing the molded high-strength beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the grain size of the industrial beryllium powder is 0.5-200 mu m.
3. The method for preparing the molded high-strength beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the aluminum metal block is a pure aluminum or aluminum alloy block.
4. The method for preparing the molded high-strength beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the aluminum alloy block is one or the combination of a plurality of Al-Si alloy, al-Si-Cu alloy, al-Cu-Mg alloy, al-Zn-Cu alloy, al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy and Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy.
5. The method for preparing the formed high-strength beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si alloy is 2% -25%; the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si-Cu alloy is 0.5% -25%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5% -53%; the mass fraction of Cu in the Al-Cu-Mg alloy is 0.5% -53%, and the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5% -38%; the mass fraction of Zn in the Al-Zn-Cu alloy is 0.5% -55%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5% -53%; the mass fraction of Zn in the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy is 0.5% -55%, the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5% -38%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5% -53%; the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy is 0.5% -25%, the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5% -53%, and the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5% -38%.
6. The method for preparing the molded high-strength beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specific steps of cold pressing are as follows: and pressurizing the industrial beryllium powder to 4-8 MPa at the pressurizing speed of 0.1-30 mm/min, and maintaining the pressure for 5-20 min.
7. The method for preparing the molded high-strength beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and thirdly, preheating the industrial beryllium powder preform at 400-660 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 0.5-6 hours.
8. The method for preparing the molded high-strength beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and fifthly, performing semi-solid plastic deformation treatment to obtain extrusion deformation treatment or rolling treatment.
9. The method for preparing the molded high-strength beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the extrusion die is preheated to 80-160 ℃ below the melting point of aluminum metal in the extrusion deformation treatment, and the preheating time is 0.5-6 h.
10. The method for preparing the molded high-strength beryllium/aluminum composite material by semi-solid plastic deformation according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and during the rolling treatment, the rolling roller is preheated to 80-160 ℃ below the melting point of aluminum metal, and the preheating time is 0.5-6 h.
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| US5551997A (en) * | 1991-10-02 | 1996-09-03 | Brush Wellman, Inc. | Beryllium-containing alloys of aluminum and semi-solid processing of such alloys |
| CN106939383A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-07-11 | 苏州金江铜业有限公司 | One kind deformation beryllium alumin(i)um alloy plate plasticising extrusion molding preparation method |
| CN107012355A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-08-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of single-layer graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composites |
| CN112974773A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for preparing high-strength plastic beryllium-aluminum composite material by pressure infiltration |
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| US7025113B2 (en) * | 2003-05-01 | 2006-04-11 | Spx Corporation | Semi-solid casting process of aluminum alloys with a grain refiner |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5551997A (en) * | 1991-10-02 | 1996-09-03 | Brush Wellman, Inc. | Beryllium-containing alloys of aluminum and semi-solid processing of such alloys |
| CN106939383A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-07-11 | 苏州金江铜业有限公司 | One kind deformation beryllium alumin(i)um alloy plate plasticising extrusion molding preparation method |
| CN107012355A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-08-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of single-layer graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composites |
| CN112974773A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for preparing high-strength plastic beryllium-aluminum composite material by pressure infiltration |
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