CN115305091A - Repair material for synchronously and long-acting passivation of multiple heavy metals and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Repair material for synchronously and long-acting passivation of multiple heavy metals and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115305091A CN115305091A CN202211053567.6A CN202211053567A CN115305091A CN 115305091 A CN115305091 A CN 115305091A CN 202211053567 A CN202211053567 A CN 202211053567A CN 115305091 A CN115305091 A CN 115305091A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 title description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- NFMAZVUSKIJEIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(sulfanylidene)iron Chemical compound S=[Fe]=S NFMAZVUSKIJEIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910000339 iron disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- FCKJABJGVFTWPW-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+);trisulfate;nonahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O FCKJABJGVFTWPW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012066 reaction slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- XDKQHWPIRIUHHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+);sulfate;nonahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O XDKQHWPIRIUHHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000010405 clearance mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 29
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 6
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 5
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000209082 Lolium Species 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNQQFQRHFNVNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca].[Fe] Chemical compound [Ca].[Fe] WNQQFQRHFNVNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 iron cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/06—Calcium compounds, e.g. lime
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a repair material for synchronously and long-acting passivating a plurality of heavy metals and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of soil repair. The repair material is prepared from the following components: ferric sulfate nonahydrate, iron disulfide, calcium hydroxide and distilled water. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding the ferric sulfate nonahydrate and the iron disulfide into a reaction kettle respectively in a dispersed state, dispersing and spraying the distilled water into the reaction kettle, stirring the ferric sulfate nonahydrate, the iron disulfide and the distilled water through the reaction kettle, and gradually heating; spraying the weighed calcium hydroxide into a reaction kettle in a dispersed state, simultaneously spraying the distilled water into the reaction kettle in a dispersed state, stirring and heating to form reaction slurry; pumping the reaction slurry into a filter press for filter pressing, sending the reaction slurry to a flash evaporation dryer, and finely grinding to obtain the repair material with 200 meshes. The invention has the advantages that: the repairing material prepared by the reaction of the ferric sulfate nonahydrate, the iron disulfide and the calcium hydroxide can repair the soil compositely polluted by the cadmium and the arsenic, and has stable treatment effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a remediation material for synchronously and long-acting passivating multiple heavy metals and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, most of soil remediation materials at home and abroad adopt mineral materials such as limestone, sepiolite, hydroxyapatite and the like to prepare alkaline materials, are mainly suitable for acidic and weakly acidic soil, can reduce the activity of cadmium, but for cadmium, arsenic and other complex contaminated soil, the activity of arsenic is enhanced on the contrary after the pH value is increased. The repairing materials of cadmium, arsenic and other composite polluted soil are always hot points concerned by relevant people at home and abroad.
In the prior art, a plant repairing method is adopted, and a Chinese patent with the application number of CN201310462462.0 discloses a plant repairing method for cadmium contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps: planting ryegrass in cadmium-polluted soil, and adding organic acid before harvesting; the organic acid is one selected from ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, oxalic acid, glacial acetic acid, malonic acid, tartaric acid or malic acid. On the premise of taking ryegrass as a biomass raw material, when the cadmium-polluted soil is repaired by using the ryegrass, the bioavailability of heavy metal cadmium is improved through the activation induction effect of organic acid, and the absorption and enrichment of cadmium by plants are promoted, so that the phytoremediation rate of the heavy metal-polluted soil is accelerated. However, the mode has small arsenic absorption amount, and particularly in the large-area farmland restoration, the agricultural production is influenced. Chinese patent with application number CN201410167453.3 discloses a method for repairing arsenic-polluted soil, which adds an oxidant into the arsenic-polluted soil; and adding a stabilizer and a precipitator into the arsenic-polluted soil after the oxidation treatment, and uniformly stirring for stacking and maintaining. However, the arsenic-polluted soil is treated by using an oxidant and a reducing agent through an oxidation-reduction reaction, the treatment process is complex, the arsenic-polluted soil is easy to oxidize, the potential risk is high, the treatment effect is unstable, and the treatment period is generally only 3-6 months.
At present, a long-acting repair material capable of synchronously passivating various heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic and the like is not found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a repair material for synchronously and long-acting passivation of multiple heavy metals and a preparation method thereof, and can solve the problems that in the prior art, when repairing soil polluted by multiple heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic and the like, cadmium can only be well treated, arsenic has poor treatment effect, cadmium and arsenic cannot be synchronously passivated, and long-acting repair cannot be realized.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the composition is prepared from the following components: ferric sulfate nonahydrate, iron disulfide, calcium hydroxide and distilled water;
the mass ratio of the ferric sulfate nonahydrate to the iron disulfide to the calcium hydroxide to the distilled water is as follows: 6-7:3-4:10-11:70-80.
A preparation method of a repair material for synchronously and long-acting passivating a plurality of heavy metals is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing raw materials of ferric sulfate nonahydrate, iron disulfide, calcium hydroxide and distilled water according to a mass ratio;
s2, respectively spraying the weighed iron sulfate nonahydrate and iron disulfide into a reaction kettle through different feeding pipelines at the top of the reaction kettle under the action of high-speed airflow generated by a mist powder sprayer, respectively adding the iron sulfate nonahydrate and the iron disulfide into the reaction kettle in a dispersed state, spraying distilled water into the reaction kettle from the top of the reaction kettle through an atomizing nozzle, and stirring and gradually heating the iron sulfate nonahydrate, the iron disulfide and the distilled water through the reaction kettle;
s3, spraying the weighed calcium hydroxide into the reaction kettle in a dispersed state through a feeding pipeline at the top of the reaction kettle under the action of high-speed airflow generated by a mist powder sprayer, spraying distilled water into the reaction kettle through an atomizing nozzle, and stirring and heating to form reaction slurry;
and S4, pumping the reaction slurry into a filter press for filter pressing, and then sending the reaction slurry to a flash evaporation dryer for fine grinding to obtain the repair material with 200 meshes.
Further, in the step S2, the stirring time is 0.5-1 hour, and the temperature is increased to 80-85 ℃;
in the step S3, the temperature is continuously increased to 90-95 ℃, and the stirring time is 2-3 hours;
in the steps S2 and S3, the distilled water is dispersedly sprayed into the reaction kettle through 6 atomizing nozzles.
Further, the reaction kettle comprises a kettle body, wherein a vertical stirring shaft is arranged in the kettle body, the stirring shaft is driven to rotate by a motor arranged at the bottom of the kettle body, three feeding holes and a water inlet are formed in the top of the kettle body, the three feeding holes are respectively communicated with three feeding pipelines, the feeding pipelines extend into the kettle body, the three feeding pipelines are respectively communicated with spray pipes of different atomizing powder blowers, and the three atomizing powder blowers are respectively communicated with different raw material boxes;
the water inlet is communicated with a water inlet pipeline, the water inlet pipeline extends into the kettle body, the bottom of the water inlet pipeline is communicated with a transverse distribution pipe, a plurality of atomizing nozzles are arranged at the bottom of the distribution pipe, and the atomizing nozzles are arranged above the bottoms of the three feed pipelines;
the side of (mixing) shaft is equipped with a plurality of stirring rakes, and the (mixing) shaft is connected with clearance mechanism.
Further, the cleaning mechanism comprises a silica gel strip and a mounting frame, the mounting frame comprises an arc-shaped mounting frame and a vertical mounting frame, the arc-shaped mounting frame is connected to the lower side face of the stirring shaft, the arc-shaped mounting frame is arranged corresponding to the bottom of the kettle body, and one end, away from the stirring shaft, of the arc-shaped mounting frame is connected with the vertical mounting frame;
the vertical mounting rack and the stirring shaft are fixedly connected through a connecting rod;
the silica gel strip includes vertical silica gel strip and arc silica gel strip, vertical silica gel strip is installed in one side that vertical mounting bracket is close to the internal wall of cauldron, the arc silica gel strip is installed in one side that the arc mounting bracket is close to the cauldron body bottom, vertical silica gel strip and arc silica gel strip contact with the lateral wall of the cauldron body and cauldron body bottom respectively.
Furthermore, among the plurality of atomizing spray heads, the atomizing spray head positioned at the middle position is vertically arranged, and the atomizing spray heads positioned at the two sides are respectively obliquely arranged towards the two sides; an insulating layer of the kettle body of the reaction kettle is wound with an electric heating wire.
The invention has the advantages that: the repairing material prepared by reacting ferric sulfate nonahydrate, iron disulfide and calcium hydroxide is a calcium-iron layered double-metal supramolecular material, is formed by regulating, controlling and inserting and assembling calcium, iron cations, sulfate radicals and hydroxyl anions, has the adsorption capacity of 50 percent, replaces cadmium, mercury, lead and calcium ions in polluted soil by isomorphous mode, and inserts arsenic and chromium in the form of anions between laminates to form a new multi-element metal hydroxide, can synchronously repair the soil compositely polluted by various metals such as cadmium, arsenic and the like, and solves the problem of processing heavy metals in a multi-factor scene;
because the repairing material is a calcium-iron layered double-metal supramolecular material, the structure is firmer, the solubility product constant reaches-40 of 10 to-50 of 10, heavy metal ions are firmly anchored between the laminates and are difficult to dissociate, the treatment effect is stable, and the treatment effect is kept for a longer time;
when the raw materials passes through reation kettle reaction, the nine water ferric sulfate, iron disulfide, calcium hydroxide gets into reation kettle internal reaction with the loose state respectively, the raw materials dispersibility is good, and distilled water gets into reation kettle with the water smoke state in, the water smoke directly sprays in the nine water ferric sulfate of dispersion, iron disulfide, calcium hydroxide powder is last, do benefit to the quick settlement of material, the raw materials dissolves fastly, it is more even to dissolve, the reaction is more even quick, preparation efficiency is high, the silica gel strip of clearance mechanism can in time strike off the lateral wall of the cauldron body and bottom attached material during the stirring reaction, reduce the waste of material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a reaction vessel according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of the area a in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. The following examples are presented to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments described herein.
The specific implementation mode adopts the following technical scheme: a repair material for synchronously and long-acting passivating a plurality of heavy metals is prepared from the following components: ferric sulfate nonahydrate, iron disulfide, calcium hydroxide and distilled water; the mass ratio of the ferric sulfate nonahydrate to the iron disulfide to the calcium hydroxide to the distilled water is as follows: 6-7:3-4:10-11:70-80.
A preparation method of a repair material for synchronously and long-acting passivating a plurality of heavy metals comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing raw materials including iron sulfate nonahydrate, iron disulfide, calcium hydroxide and distilled water according to a mass ratio;
s2, respectively spraying the weighed iron sulfate nonahydrate and iron disulfide into a reaction kettle through different feeding pipelines at the top of the reaction kettle under the action of high-speed airflow generated by a mist powder sprayer, respectively adding the iron sulfate nonahydrate and the iron disulfide into the reaction kettle in a dispersed state, dispersedly spraying distilled water into the reaction kettle from the top of the reaction kettle through 6 atomizing nozzles, stirring the iron sulfate nonahydrate, the iron disulfide and the distilled water through the reaction kettle, gradually heating, wherein the stirring time is 0.5-1 hour, and the heating is 80-85 ℃;
s3, spraying the weighed calcium hydroxide into the reaction kettle in a dispersed state through a feeding pipeline at the top of the reaction kettle under the action of high-speed airflow generated by a mist powder sprayer, simultaneously spraying distilled water into the reaction kettle in a dispersed manner through 6 atomizing nozzles, stirring and heating, continuously heating to 90-95 ℃, and stirring for 2-3 hours to form reaction slurry;
and S4, pumping the reaction slurry into a filter press for filter pressing, and then sending the reaction slurry to a flash evaporation dryer for fine grinding to obtain the repair material with 200 meshes. The filter pressing water is collected and then used as a raw material for recycling.
The reation kettle that the reaction was used is as shown in figure 1, including the cauldron body 1, the internal vertical (mixing) shaft 2 that is equipped with of cauldron, cauldron body 1 outside is stretched out to the bottom of (mixing) shaft 2, the (mixing) shaft 2 passes through the bearing and installs on cauldron body 1, motor 3 is installed to cauldron body 1 bottom, motor 3's output shaft passes through the shaft coupling and is connected with (mixing) shaft 2, motor 3 drive (mixing) shaft 2 rotates, the side of (mixing) shaft 2 is equipped with a plurality of stirring oars, stirring shaft 2 rotates and to drive the stirring rake and rotate, stir the reaction to the material in the cauldron body 1, the winding has electric heating wire on reation kettle's the insulating layer of the cauldron body 1, a heating up to 1 inside of cauldron body, in order to satisfy the temperature demand of reaction, the heating principle and the conventional technique of mounting structure for conventional heating reation kettle of specific electric heating wire, do not explain again.
The top of the cauldron body 1 is equipped with three feed inlet 4 and a water inlet 5, and three feed inlet 4 is used for respectively adding in raw material to ferric sulfate nonahydrate, iron disulfide, calcium hydroxide, and the intermediate position at cauldron body 1 top is located to water inlet 5, and the both sides of water inlet 5 are located to feed inlet 4, and the water inlet is used for the interpolation of distilled water.
Three feed inlet 4 communicates with three feed pipeline 6 respectively, feed pipeline 6 stretches into the cauldron body 1 and sets up, every feed pipeline 6 communicates with the spray tube of the mist duster 7 of difference respectively, every mist duster 7 communicates with different raw material tanks 8 respectively, the iron sulfate nonahydrate, the iron disulfide, calcium hydrate feeds in raw material tanks 8 and stores respectively in, mist duster 7 is conventional prior art, concrete structure and principle are no longer elucidated, the high velocity air that mist duster 7 produced imports the spray tube to powder raw materials, the spray tube that the raw materials passes through mist duster 7 is with loose state blowout, get into in the cauldron body 1 by feed pipeline 6.
The water inlet 5 intercommunication has inlet channel 9, and inlet channel 9 stretches into the internal setting of cauldron, and inlet channel 9's bottom intercommunication has horizontal distribution pipe 10, and the bottom of distribution pipe 10 is equipped with several atomizer 11, and atomizer 11 locates the top of 6 bottoms of inlet channel, and among 6 atomizer 11, the atomizer 11 that is located the intermediate position is vertical to be set up, and the atomizer 11 that is located the both sides position sets up to both sides direction slope respectively.
(mixing) shaft 2 is connected with clearance mechanism, as shown in fig. 2, clearance mechanism includes silica gel strip and mounting bracket, the mounting bracket includes arc mounting bracket 12 and vertical mounting bracket 13, arc mounting bracket 12 is connected in (mixing) shaft 2's below side, and arc mounting bracket 12 sets up corresponding to the bottom of the cauldron body 1, the one end that (mixing) shaft 2 was kept away from to arc mounting bracket 12 is connected with vertical mounting bracket 13, be connected fixedly through connecting rod 14 between vertical mounting bracket 13 and the (mixing) shaft 2, connecting rod 14 can be equipped with two, locate vertical mounting bracket 13's upper and lower side respectively, connecting rod 14 staggers the setting with the stirring rake.
The silica gel strip includes vertical silica gel strip 15 and arc silica gel strip 16, vertical silica gel strip 15 is installed in one side that vertical mounting bracket 13 is close to cauldron body 1 inner wall, arc silica gel strip 16 is installed in one side that arc mounting bracket 12 is close to cauldron body 1 bottom, vertical silica gel strip 15 and arc silica gel strip 16 respectively with the lateral wall of cauldron body 1 and the contact of cauldron body 1 bottom, can drive arc mounting bracket 12 and vertical mounting bracket 13 when pivot 2 rotates simultaneously, thereby drive vertical silica gel strip 15 and arc silica gel strip 16 and scrape the clearance to the lateral wall of cauldron body 1 and the adnexed material in bottom, prevent that the material from leading to the fact the waste on being attached to cauldron body 1 inner wall.
The working principle of the reaction kettle is as follows: the nine-water ferric sulfate, the iron disulfide and the calcium hydroxide are respectively added into the kettle body 1 through different feed inlets 4, when powder raw materials are added, the powder raw materials are added through the atomizing powder sprayer 7, the atomizing powder sprayer 7 generates high-speed airflow, the raw materials are input into the spray pipe through the airflow and then are sprayed out of the spray pipe to enter the feed pipeline 6, so that the raw materials are sprayed out to be in a loose state when entering the kettle body 1, the dispersibility of the materials is good, the materials are not easy to stack, meanwhile, distilled water enters the distribution pipe 10 through the water inlet pipe 9 and then is sprayed out of the mist through the atomizing nozzle 11, the atomizing nozzle 11 is arranged above the bottom of the feed pipeline 6, the water mist is sprayed out of the top of the nine-water ferric sulfate, the iron disulfide and the calcium hydroxide, the sprayed water mist is sprayed on the nine-water ferric sulfate, the iron disulfide and the calcium hydroxide in the loose state, the materials and the water are added in the dispersed state, the dissolving speed of the materials is increased, the dissolving is more uniform, the water mist is sprayed on the materials, the sedimentation of the materials can be accelerated, the powder is prevented from floating in the air, the mixing difficulty is reduced, and the mixing efficiency is improved. The silica gel strip of clearance mechanism can in time strike off the lateral wall of the cauldron body 1 and bottom attached material, reduces extravagantly.
Example 1:
the repair material for synchronously and long-acting passivating a plurality of heavy metals is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: the mass ratio of the ferric sulfate nonahydrate to the iron disulfide to the calcium hydroxide to the distilled water is 6: 70.
a preparation method of a repair material for synchronously and long-acting passivating a plurality of heavy metals comprises the following steps: s1, weighing raw materials of ferric sulfate nonahydrate, iron disulfide, calcium hydroxide and distilled water according to a mass ratio;
s2, spraying the weighed iron sulfate nonahydrate and iron disulfide into a reaction kettle under the action of high-speed airflow generated by a mist powder sprayer, spraying distilled water into the reaction kettle through an atomizing nozzle, wherein the mass ratio of the addition amount of the distilled water to the total addition amount of the iron sulfate nonahydrate and the iron disulfide is 4:1, stirring the iron sulfate nonahydrate, the iron disulfide and the distilled water, gradually heating, and heating to 85 ℃ for 0.5 hour;
s3, spraying the weighed calcium hydroxide into a reaction kettle under the action of high-speed airflow generated by a mist powder sprayer, spraying the residual mass part of distilled water into the reaction kettle through an atomizing nozzle, stirring and heating, continuously heating to 90 ℃, and stirring for 3 hours to form reaction slurry;
and S4, pumping the reaction slurry into a filter press for filter pressing, and then conveying the reaction slurry to a flash dryer for fine grinding to obtain the repair material with 200 meshes.
Example 2:
a repair material for synchronously and long-acting passivating a plurality of heavy metals is prepared from the following components: the mass ratio of the ferric sulfate nonahydrate to the iron disulfide to the calcium hydroxide to the distilled water is 7: 80.
the other steps of the preparation method of the repair material for synchronously and long-acting passivating the multiple heavy metals are the same as those in the embodiment 1, and the difference is that in the step S2, ferric sulfate nonahydrate, iron disulfide and distilled water are added into a reaction kettle, then the stirring time is 1 hour, and the temperature is raised to 80 ℃; in step S3, the temperature is raised to 95 ℃ after the calcium hydroxide is added, and the stirring time is 2 hours.
Example 3:
the repair material for synchronously and long-acting passivating a plurality of heavy metals is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: the mass ratio of the ferric sulfate nonahydrate to the iron disulfide to the calcium hydroxide to the distilled water is 6.5: 75.
the other steps of the preparation method of the repair material for synchronously and long-acting passivation of multiple heavy metals are the same as those in the embodiment 1, and the difference is that in the step S2, ferric sulfate nonahydrate, iron disulfide and distilled water are added into a reaction kettle, then the stirring time is 0.7 hour, and the temperature is raised to 82 ℃; in step S3, the temperature is raised to 93 ℃ after the calcium hydroxide is added, and the stirring time is 2.5 hours.
The 200-mesh remediation material prepared in the embodiment 1-3 is applied to remediation of soil compositely polluted by cadmium, arsenic, lead, mercury, chromium and the like, and the remediation method comprises the following steps:
taking four parts of 50Kg of composite contaminated soil, wherein the restored soil is red soil, the pH value is 5.37, the average arsenic content of the soil is 50mg/Kg, the cadmium content of the soil is 30mg/Kg, and respectively adding 0.5Kg of restoring materials and uniformly stirring; the change of the pH value of the treated soil is not obvious, the treated soil is subjected to a crop planting test, the reduction rate of the heavy metal of crop seeds after different restoration times is monitored, and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: comparison table of heavy metal reduction rate of crop seeds repaired by the repair material prepared in examples 1-3 on soil
From the comparison table, after the repairing materials prepared in the examples 1 to 3 repair the soil which is compositely polluted by cadmium, arsenic, lead, mercury, chromium and the like, the content of various heavy metals in crop seeds is obviously reduced, the treatment effect is stable, the effect retention time can exceed 60 months, and compared with the repairing effect which can only be maintained for 3 to 6 months in the prior art, the repairing materials prepared in the examples 1 to 3 have longer repair effect retention time and more stable treatment effect.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and features of the present invention, together with the advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A repair material for synchronously and long-acting passivating a plurality of heavy metals is characterized in that: the composition is prepared from the following components: ferric sulfate nonahydrate, iron disulfide, calcium hydroxide and distilled water;
the mass ratio of the ferric sulfate nonahydrate, the iron disulfide, the calcium hydroxide and the distilled water is as follows: 6-7:3-4:10-11:70-80.
2. A method for preparing the repair material for synchronously and long-acting passivating a plurality of heavy metals according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing raw materials of ferric sulfate nonahydrate, iron disulfide, calcium hydroxide and distilled water according to a mass ratio;
s2, respectively spraying the weighed iron sulfate nonahydrate and iron disulfide into a reaction kettle through different feeding pipelines at the top of the reaction kettle under the action of high-speed airflow generated by a mist powder sprayer, respectively adding the iron sulfate nonahydrate and the iron disulfide into the reaction kettle in a dispersed state, spraying distilled water into the reaction kettle from the top of the reaction kettle through an atomizing nozzle, and stirring and gradually heating the iron sulfate nonahydrate, the iron disulfide and the distilled water through the reaction kettle;
s3, spraying the weighed calcium hydroxide into the reaction kettle in a dispersed state through a feed pipeline at the top of the reaction kettle under the action of high-speed airflow generated by a mist powder sprayer, simultaneously spraying distilled water into the reaction kettle through an atomizing nozzle, and stirring and heating to form reaction slurry;
and S4, pumping the reaction slurry into a filter press for filter pressing, and then sending the reaction slurry to a flash evaporation dryer for fine grinding to obtain the repair material with 200 meshes.
3. The preparation method of the repair material for synchronously and long-acting passivating a plurality of heavy metals according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step S2, the stirring time is 0.5-1 hour, and the temperature is increased to 80-85 ℃;
in the step S3, the temperature is continuously increased to 90-95 ℃, and the stirring time is 2-3 hours;
in the steps S2 and S3, the distilled water is dispersedly sprayed into the reaction kettle through 6 atomizing nozzles.
4. The preparation method of the repair material for synchronously and long-acting passivating a plurality of heavy metals according to claim 2, characterized in that: the reaction kettle comprises a kettle body, wherein a vertical stirring shaft is arranged in the kettle body, the stirring shaft is driven to rotate by a motor arranged at the bottom of the kettle body, three feed inlets and a water inlet are arranged at the top of the kettle body, the three feed inlets are respectively communicated with three feed pipelines, the feed pipelines extend into the kettle body, the three feed pipelines are respectively communicated with spray pipes of different atomizing powder blowers, and the three atomizing powder blowers are respectively communicated with different raw material boxes;
the water inlet is communicated with a water inlet pipeline, the water inlet pipeline extends into the kettle body, the bottom of the water inlet pipeline is communicated with a transverse distribution pipe, a plurality of atomizing nozzles are arranged at the bottom of the distribution pipe, and the atomizing nozzles are arranged above the bottoms of the three feed pipelines;
the side of (mixing) shaft is equipped with a plurality of stirring rakes, and the (mixing) shaft is connected with clearance mechanism.
5. The preparation method of the repair material for synchronously and long-acting passivating a plurality of heavy metals according to claim 4, characterized in that: the cleaning mechanism comprises a silica gel strip and a mounting frame, the mounting frame comprises an arc-shaped mounting frame and a vertical mounting frame, the arc-shaped mounting frame is connected to the lower side face of the stirring shaft, the arc-shaped mounting frame is arranged corresponding to the bottom of the kettle body, and one end, away from the stirring shaft, of the arc-shaped mounting frame is connected with the vertical mounting frame;
the vertical mounting rack and the stirring shaft are fixedly connected through a connecting rod;
the silica gel strip includes vertical silica gel strip and arc silica gel strip, vertical silica gel strip is installed in one side that vertical mounting bracket is close to the internal wall of cauldron, the arc silica gel strip is installed in one side that the arc mounting bracket is close to the cauldron body bottom, vertical silica gel strip and arc silica gel strip contact with the lateral wall of the cauldron body and cauldron body bottom respectively.
6. The preparation method of the repair material for synchronously and long-acting passivating a plurality of heavy metals according to claim 4, characterized in that: among the plurality of atomizing spray heads, the atomizing spray head positioned in the middle is vertically arranged, and the atomizing spray heads positioned at the two sides are respectively obliquely arranged towards the two sides; an insulating layer of the kettle body of the reaction kettle is wound with an electric heating wire.
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