CN115304228A - Treatment process of oily hazardous waste - Google Patents

Treatment process of oily hazardous waste Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115304228A
CN115304228A CN202211122257.5A CN202211122257A CN115304228A CN 115304228 A CN115304228 A CN 115304228A CN 202211122257 A CN202211122257 A CN 202211122257A CN 115304228 A CN115304228 A CN 115304228A
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oil
water
sediment
hazardous waste
separation
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刘正先
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Henan Donghe Machinery Equipment Co ltd
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Henan Donghe Machinery Equipment Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
    • C02F11/127—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering by centrifugation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
    • C02F11/143—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using inorganic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
    • C02F11/147—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using organic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a treatment process of oil-containing hazardous waste, and relates to the technical field of environmental protection. A treatment process of oil-containing hazardous waste comprises the following steps: crushing the oil-containing hazardous waste, adding a demulsifier, washing with water vapor, settling to obtain a slurry, a first liquid and a first sediment, performing horizontal spiral separation on the slurry with a certain concentration to obtain a second sediment, oil and water, and performing oil-water separation on the first liquid to obtain oil and water; combining the first sediment and the second sediment, deoiling and dehydrating in vacuum to obtain a second liquid and coarse sediment, performing dry distillation on the coarse sediment to obtain dry sediment and high-temperature oil gas, and condensing the high-temperature oil gas to obtain oil and non-condensable gas; and carrying out oil-water separation on the liquid II to obtain oil and water. According to the treatment process of the oil-containing hazardous waste, oil, water and sludge in the oil sludge can be better separated through matching of demulsification, washing, sedimentation, horizontal spiral separation, vacuum deoiling and dehydration, dry distillation and condensation, so that the recovery utilization rate of the oil and the water is effectively improved, the pollution is reduced, and the environmental protection is facilitated.

Description

Treatment process of oily hazardous waste
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a treatment process of oil-containing hazardous waste.
Background
The oily sludge refers to sludge mixed with crude oil, product oil, residual oil and heavy oil. The oily sludge is not inherent in nature, but oil products are 'run, burst, drip and leak' caused by accidents, improper operation, old equipment, damage, corrosion and the like in the process of mining, refining, transporting, using and storing, the mixture of oil, soil, water and other pollutants is formed by mixing the oily sludge with soil, water and the like, and tank bottom sludge, oil separation tank bottom sludge, scum, activated sludge and the like generated in natural sedimentation of various oil storage containers are also provided.
The oil-containing sludge not only has considerable storage quantity, but also has huge annual increment. The oil sludge generally contains benzene series substances, phenols, anthracenes and other substances, along with malodor and toxicity, and if the oil sludge is directly contacted with the natural environment, the oil sludge can cause great pollution to soil, water and vegetation, and simultaneously causes waste of petroleum resources. Therefore, the oily sludge should be subjected to harmless cleaning treatment from the viewpoint of environmental protection and resource recovery.
The oily sludge may be roughly classified into water, emulsified oil or adsorbed oil, solid foreign matter, inorganic salts, and the like. The oil sludge is generally in a stable suspension emulsion state in water, and the multiphase separation is difficult to realize, thereby increasing the difficulty and the cost of the treatment technology. Due to the diversity of the oil-bearing substrates, the oily sludge generally called by us has extremely complex components and different properties. The effective treatment method of the oil sludge is dry distillation, but the direct dry distillation efficiency is too low, only 15 to 30 tons can be treated by one device per day, and the treatment effect is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a treatment process of oily hazardous waste, which increases a pretreatment function, leaves little hazardous waste to be subjected to dry distillation after pretreatment, greatly improves the treatment efficiency, can better separate oil, water and sludge in oil sludge through the matching of emulsion breaking, water washing, sedimentation, horizontal decanter separation, vacuum deoiling and dehydration, dry distillation and condensation, effectively improves the recovery utilization rate of the oil and the water, reduces pollution and is more beneficial to environmental protection.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a treatment process of oil-containing hazardous waste, which comprises the following steps:
crushing the oil-containing hazardous waste, adding a demulsifier, washing with water vapor, settling to obtain a slurry, a first liquid and a first sediment, performing horizontal spiral separation on the slurry to obtain a second sediment, oil and water, and performing oil-water separation on the first liquid to obtain oil and water;
combining the first sediment and the second sediment, deoiling and dehydrating in vacuum to obtain a second liquid and coarse sediment, performing dry distillation on the coarse sediment to obtain dry sediment and high-temperature oil gas, and condensing the high-temperature oil gas to obtain oil and non-condensable gas; and carrying out oil-water separation on the liquid II to obtain oil and water.
The embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
in the invention, the specification takes oil sludge as an example for detailed description, the oil sludge is crushed, then water vapor is introduced, and meanwhile, a demulsifier is added for demulsification, so that the demulsifier can be more fully contacted with oil sludge particles, oil in the oil sludge is demulsified as completely as possible, the oil separation effect is improved, the oil is stirred and washed, and the oil after demulsification can fall off from the oil sludge particles by using high temperature and is dissolved in liquid. And settling after stirring, so that the separation effect of the slurry, the liquid and the sediment is improved, and the primary oil-residue separation is completed. Then centrifugally separating the slurry snail, mixing the separated slurry snail with sediment, and performing vacuum deoiling and dehydration to complete secondary oil-residue separation; and then the coarse residue is subjected to dry distillation to complete the three-time oil-residue separation. After the oil residue is separated for three times, oil, water, non-condensable gas and dry distillation residue can be obtained. The steps are matched, so that oil, water and sludge in the oil sludge can be better separated, the recycling rate of the oil and the water is effectively improved, the pollution is reduced, and the environment protection is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the treatment process of the oily hazardous waste provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
A treatment process of oil-containing hazardous waste comprises the following steps:
crushing the oil-containing hazardous waste, adding a demulsifier, washing with water vapor, settling to obtain a slurry, a first liquid and a first sediment, performing horizontal spiral separation on the slurry to obtain a second sediment, oil and water, and performing oil-water separation on the first liquid to obtain oil and water;
combining the first sediment and the second sediment, deoiling and dehydrating in vacuum to obtain a second liquid and coarse sediment, performing dry distillation on the coarse sediment to obtain dry sediment and high-temperature oil gas, and condensing the high-temperature oil gas to obtain oil and non-condensable gas; and carrying out oil-water separation on the liquid II to obtain oil and water.
Oil-containing sludge (hereinafter referred to as oil sludge) is separated in an oil sludge reservoir to remove impurities such as metal, stone, braided fabric and the like, then the oil sludge is conveyed to a crusher to be homogenized and crushed, then the oil sludge is conveyed to a washing tank, oil sludge water slurry is heated to 80 ℃ by steam, and the oil sludge is stirred and washed with water under the holding of a demulsifier. Then the water-oil-slurry is sent to a sedimentation tank for sedimentation separation, the oil-water on the upper layer is sent to an oil-water separation tank, and the oil-water is naturally separated under the action of gravity. The separated oil is sent to an oil treatment device for further purification and dehydration treatment, and the water is returned to a water washing tank as reuse water. The lower deoiled slag is fished out by the slag dragging machine, dehydrated by the vibrating screen and sent to the deoiled slag bin for temporary storage. And returning the muddy water mixed slurry powder in the sedimentation tank to a washing tank to be used as a mixing agent for continuous use, pumping the slurry into a slurry homogenizing middle tank when the concentration of the slurry reaches 30%, then adding a flocculating agent, carrying out three-phase separation of oil, water and slag by a horizontal screw machine, carrying out oil-removing treatment on the oil, returning the water to the washing tank for recycling, and entering the slag into a deoiling slag bin for temporary storage. Wherein, the particle size of the crushed oil-containing hazardous waste is 1-5 cm, so that the flow resistance generated by particles is smaller during horizontal spiral separation, the separation of liquid and solid is more convenient, and the moisture content in the solid is further reduced.
Oil sludge from the oil removal residue bin after water washing pretreatment enters a vacuum dehydrator, is heated to 200 ℃ through heat conduction oil, and is subjected to low-temperature oil removal and dehydration under the vacuum controlled atmosphere. The distilled gas phase is condensed and enters an oil-water receiving tank, then passes through an oil-water separating tank, oil-water separation is carried out by utilizing gravity, oil is deoiled, water returns to a washing tank for recycling, and deoiled and dehydrated slag enters a slag bin for temporary storage. Wherein, vacuum deoiling dehydration needs to carry out at least thrice, utilizes the vacuum unit, adopts a plurality of vacuum tanks to circulate deoiling dehydration, can carry out degree of depth deoiling dehydration to the sediment like this, shows the water oil content in the coarse residue that reduces. And then the water-oil content in the sediments is further reduced through dry distillation, so that the treatment speed can be accelerated, the cost is saved, the treatment effect can be improved, and the heavy oil can be condensed, cracked and separated more quickly and fully.
Horizontal screw separation is to separate solid from liquid by using a horizontal screw centrifuge, and suspended solid is clarified under the action of centrifugal force and buoyancy and flow resistance opposite to the centrifugal force. The method has the advantage of continuous separation, so that the solid and the liquid in the slurry can be more sufficiently separated, the separation effect of the solid and the liquid is better, the water-oil content in the sediment is reduced, and the sediment is more conveniently treated subsequently.
Through steam washing, the oil after demulsification can fall off from oil sludge particles by using high temperature and is dissolved in liquid, and when sedimentation is performed, the separation effect of slurry, liquid and sediment can be improved, and primary oil residue separation is completed. Then centrifugally separating the slurry, mixing the separated slurry with the sediments for vacuum deoiling and dewatering to complete secondary oil-residue separation; and then continuing to perform dry distillation treatment on the coarse residues to finish the oil-residue separation for three times. And (3) performing oil-water separation on the oil-water mixture to obtain oil and water.
The oil sludge in the deoiling and dewatering residue bin is conveyed to a dry distillation converter and heated to 450-550 ℃ for dry distillation, so that the dry distillation treatment effect can be obviously improved, the condensation and cracking of heavy oil are more sufficient, and the heavy oil separation effect is further improved.
And blending the oil obtained in the washing section and the vacuum deoiling and dehydrating section with the oil obtained in the dry distillation treatment section in proportion to obtain the fuel oil.
In this embodiment, when the demulsifier is added, one or more of polyaluminum chloride, polyferric chloride and polyaluminum ferric chloride are further added, and the dosage of the demulsifier is 10-20% of the dosage of the demulsifier.
Polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is a novel inorganic high-molecular coagulant, polyaluminium chloride for short. It is between AlCl 3 And Al (OH) 3 A water-soluble inorganic high molecular polymer with a chemical general formula of [ Al 2 (OH) n Cl 6-n ] m Where m represents the degree of polymerization and n represents the degree of neutrality of the PAC product. n = 1-5 is a high-charge polymerization ring chain body with a Keggin structure, has high electric neutralization and bridging effects on colloid and particles in water, can strongly remove micro toxicants and heavy metal ions, and has stable properties. Wherein the content of aluminum trioxide is 27-30%. The physical and chemical changes of electrochemistry, coagulation, adsorption, precipitation and the like are accompanied in the dissolving process, and the flocculating agent is fast and thick in formation, high in activity, fast in precipitation and good in effect.
The polyferric chloride is a novel high-efficiency inorganic polymer coagulant, has good flocculation effect, and is superior to the conventional aluminum sulfate, iron salt and other common inorganic salt coagulants. The hydrolysis speed is high, the hydration is weak, the formed alum floc is dense, and the sedimentation speed is high. The influence of water temperature change is small, and the requirement of generating shearing force in the flowing process can be met.
The polyaluminum ferric chloride is an inorganic high-molecular coagulant prepared by coagulating and hydrolyzing aluminum salt and ferric salt, integrates the advantages of the aluminum salt and the ferric salt, obviously improves the forms of aluminum ions and ferric ions, and greatly improves the degree of polymerization. The aluminum and iron coagulating agents are respectively taken to be beneficial to air floatation operation, and the coagulating performance of the polyaluminium chloride is improved.
After the combination of the two materials, the compound and other component impurities in the mixture are reduced through adsorption and flocculation, so that the separation effect of powder slurry, liquid and sediment is better. In addition, several of them can play a synergistic effect after cooperating with the demulsifier to improve the demulsification effect of oil, and then improve the separation effect of oil.
In the embodiment, after the demulsifier is added, the pH is adjusted to 6-7, and the mixture is stirred for 1-5min at 500-800 r/min. Under the weak acidic condition, the demulsifying effect of the demulsifier is better, and the demulsifier and oil sludge particles can be in full contact reaction by stirring so as to accelerate the demulsification of the oil.
In this embodiment, after the stirring, the method further comprises adding a polyacrylamide solution in an amount of 0.3 to 0.5% of the amount of the demulsifier.
Polyacrylamide (PAM) is a linear high molecular polymer with the chemical formula of (C) 3 H 5 NO) n . Because the polyacrylamide structural unit contains amide groups and is easy to form hydrogen bonds, the polyacrylamide structural unit has good water solubility and high chemical activity, and various modifiers with branched chains or net structures can be easily obtained through grafting or crosslinking. After the addition, flocculation precipitation can be carried out, and the sedimentation speed is accelerated.
In the embodiment, the demulsifier is a reverse demulsifier, and the mass of the reverse demulsifier is 0.2-5% of the mass of the oil-containing hazardous waste.
The reverse demulsifier can effectively improve the interfacial tension of water-in-oil (W/O) or oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion, so that colloidal particles lose stable repulsive force and attractive force and finally lose stability to form flocs, and further, oil-water separation and separation of harmful impurities are finally completed through chemical bridging, so that the purposes of recovering oil products and purifying sewage are achieved, and the requirements of subsequent treatment processes on water quality or the national discharge requirements on sewage are met.
In the embodiment, when the steam is heated and washed by water, the temperature is 80-90 ℃, the pressure is 0.8-1.7MPa, and the water flow is 10-20L/min. Through high-temperature and high-pressure water washing, the demulsified oil can fall off from the oil sludge particles more quickly, and the separation speed is accelerated.
In the embodiment, the temperature is 200-250 ℃ during vacuum deoiling and dehydration, and the temperature is 450-550 ℃ during dry distillation. When oil-water separation is carried out, separation is carried out at 60-70 ℃.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
A treatment process of oil-containing hazardous waste comprises the following steps:
s1, washing: crushing 1000kg of dangerous waste containing oil, wherein the particle size of the dangerous waste is 5cm, adding 2kg of demulsifier, washing with water vapor at 80 ℃ under 0.8MPa and with 10L/min of water flow, settling to obtain slurry, liquid I and sediment I, performing horizontal spiral separation on the slurry to obtain sediment II, performing oil-water separation on the liquid I at 60 ℃ to obtain oil and water, and returning the water to a washing position for reuse;
s2, vacuum deoiling and dehydrating: combining the first sediment and the second sediment, heating the mixture in a heat-conducting oil furnace to carry out vacuum deoiling and dehydration at the temperature of 200 ℃ to obtain a second liquid and coarse residues; carrying out oil-water separation on the liquid II at 60 ℃ to obtain oil and water, and returning the water to a washing place for reuse;
s3, dry distillation: carrying out dry distillation, dehydration and deoiling on the coarse slag, heating to 450 ℃ by using natural gas, keeping the temperature for 50min to obtain dry slag and high-temperature oil gas, and condensing the high-temperature oil gas to obtain oil and non-condensable gas;
s4, blending: the oil obtained from the water washing section, the vacuum deoiling and dehydrating section and the dry distillation section is blended in proportion to obtain the fuel oil.
Example 2
A treatment process of oil-containing hazardous waste comprises the following steps:
s1, washing: crushing 1000kg of dangerous waste containing oil, wherein the particle size of the dangerous waste is 2cm, adding 20kg of demulsifier, washing with water vapor at 85 ℃, under the pressure of 1MPa and with the flow of 15L/min, settling to obtain a slurry, a liquid I and a sediment I, performing horizontal spiral separation on the slurry to obtain a sediment II, performing oil-water separation on the liquid I at 65 ℃ to obtain oil and water, and returning the water to a washing place for reuse;
s2, vacuum deoiling and dehydrating: combining the first sediment residue and the second sediment residue, heating the mixture in a heat-conducting oil furnace to carry out vacuum deoiling and dehydration at the temperature of 230 ℃ to obtain a second liquid and coarse residues; carrying out oil-water separation on the liquid II at 65 ℃ to obtain oil and water, and returning the water to a washing place for reuse;
s3, dry distillation: carrying out dry distillation, dehydration and deoiling on the coarse slag, heating the coarse slag to 500 ℃ by using natural gas, keeping the temperature for 60min to obtain dry slag and high-temperature oil gas, and condensing the high-temperature oil gas to obtain oil and non-condensable gas;
s4, blending: the oil obtained from the water washing section, the vacuum deoiling and dehydrating section and the dry distillation section is blended in proportion to obtain the fuel oil.
Example 3
A treatment process of oil-containing hazardous waste comprises the following steps:
s1, washing: crushing 1000kg of dangerous waste containing oil, wherein the particle size of the dangerous waste is 3cm, adding 50kg of demulsifier, washing with water vapor at 90 ℃ under the pressure of 1.2MPa and with the flow of 20L/min, settling to obtain slurry, liquid I and sediment I, performing horizontal spiral separation on the slurry to obtain sediment II, performing oil-water separation on the liquid I at 70 ℃ to obtain oil and water, and returning the water to a washing position for reuse;
s2, vacuum deoiling and dehydrating: combining the first sediment and the second sediment, heating the mixture in a heat-conducting oil furnace to carry out vacuum deoiling and dehydration at the temperature of 250 ℃ to obtain a second liquid and coarse sediment, carrying out oil-water separation on the second liquid at the temperature of 70 ℃ to obtain oil and water, and returning the water to a washing place for reuse;
s3, dry distillation: carrying out dry distillation, dehydration and deoiling on the coarse slag, heating to 550 ℃ by using natural gas, keeping the temperature for 70min to obtain dry slag and high-temperature oil gas, and condensing the high-temperature oil gas to obtain oil and non-condensable gas;
s4, blending: the oil obtained from the water washing section, the vacuum deoiling and dehydrating section and the dry distillation section is blended in proportion to obtain the fuel oil.
Example 4
A treatment process of oil-containing hazardous waste comprises the following steps:
s1, washing: crushing 1000kg of oily hazardous waste, wherein the particle size of the oily hazardous waste is 2cm, washing with water vapor under heating at 86 ℃ and 1.2MPa, wherein the water flow is 18L/min, adding 5kg of polyaluminium chloride, polyferric chloride and polyaluminium ferric chloride, adding 30kg of demulsifier, adjusting the pH to 6.5 by adopting an acid-base regulator, stirring for 2min at 700r/min, settling to obtain slurry, liquid I and sediment I, carrying out horizontal spiral separation on the slurry to obtain sediment II, carrying out oil-water separation on the liquid I at 60 ℃ to obtain oil and water, and returning the water to a washing place for reuse;
s2, vacuum deoiling and dehydrating: combining the first sediment and the second sediment, heating the mixture in a heat-conducting oil furnace to carry out vacuum deoiling and dehydration at 220 ℃ to obtain a second liquid and coarse sediment, carrying out oil-water separation on the second liquid at 60 ℃ to obtain oil and water, and returning the water to a washing part for reuse;
s3, dry distillation: carrying out dry distillation, dehydration and deoiling on the coarse slag, heating the coarse slag to 500 ℃ by using natural gas, keeping the temperature for 60min to obtain dry slag and high-temperature oil gas, and condensing the high-temperature oil gas to obtain oil and non-condensable gas;
s4, blending: the oil obtained from the washing section, the vacuum deoiling and dehydrating section and the dry distillation section is blended according to a proportion to obtain the fuel oil.
Example 5
A treatment process of oil-containing hazardous waste comprises the following steps:
s1, washing: crushing 1000kg of dangerous waste containing oil, wherein the particle size of the dangerous waste containing oil is 2cm, washing with water vapor under heating at 88 ℃ and 1.5MPa, wherein the water flow is 12L/min, adding 8kg of polyaluminum chloride, polyferric chloride and polyaluminum ferric chloride, adding 35kg of demulsifier, adjusting the pH to 6 by adopting an acid-base regulator, stirring at 750r/min for 3min, adding 0.03L of polyacrylamide solution, continuing stirring for 4min, settling to obtain a slurry, a liquid I and a sediment I, performing horizontal spiral separation on the slurry to obtain a sediment II, performing oil-water separation on the liquid I at 60 ℃ to obtain oil and water, and returning the water to a washing place for reuse;
s2, vacuum deoiling and dehydrating: combining the first sediment and the second sediment, heating the mixture in a heat-conducting oil furnace to carry out vacuum deoiling and dehydration at the temperature of 230 ℃ to obtain a second liquid and coarse sediment, carrying out oil-water separation on the second liquid at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain oil and water, and returning the water to a washing place for reuse;
s3, dry distillation: carrying out dry distillation, dehydration and deoiling on the coarse slag, heating to 500 ℃ by using natural gas, keeping the temperature for 60min to obtain dry slag and high-temperature oil gas, and condensing to obtain oil and non-condensable gas;
s4, blending: the oil obtained from the washing section, the vacuum deoiling and dehydrating section and the dry distillation section is blended according to a proportion to obtain the fuel oil.
Test results
5 parts of oil sludge samples with the same initial oil content are selected, the sample amount is 1000kg, the initial oil content is 20 percent, the oil sludge samples are randomly divided into A-E groups, each group is correspondingly treated by the treatment process of the embodiments 1-5 of the invention, and after the treatment is finished, the oil content in the final oil sludge is detected. The detection standard is GB/T16488-1996 infrared photometry for determining water quality, petroleum and animal and vegetable oil, and the detection result is as follows:
TABLE 1 test results after treatment
Group of A B C D E Initial
Oil content/% 1.6 0.6 0.3 0.28 0.26 20
Percent recovery% 92 97 98.5 98.6 98.7 /
As can be seen from Table 1, after treatment, the oil content in the dry distillation residues after the group A-E oil sludge treatment is greatly lower than the initial oil content of the oil sludge, wherein the group C-E meets the requirement that the maximum allowable content of the national standard mineral oil in the soil is lower than 0.3%. It is shown that the treatment process of the oil-containing hazardous waste provided by the embodiments 1 to 5 of the present invention can significantly reduce the oil content in the oil sludge. After the polyaluminium chloride, the polyferric chloride, the polyaluminium ferric chloride and the polyacrylamide solution are respectively added when the demulsifier is added, the recovery rate of crude oil can be remarkably improved (by 6.7%), and the treatment efficiency of oil sludge is greatly improved. Therefore, after the raw materials with adsorption and flocculation effects are added, the oil-water-residue separation effect can be obviously improved, the recovery rate of oil products is further improved, and the treatment efficiency of oil sludge is improved.
In summary, according to the treatment process of the oil-containing hazardous waste provided by the embodiment of the invention, the oil sludge is firstly crushed, then the water vapor is introduced, and the demulsifier is added to perform demulsification, so that the demulsifier can be more fully contacted with the oil sludge particles, the oil in the oil sludge is demulsified as completely as possible, the oil separation effect is improved, the oil is stirred and washed, and the oil after demulsification can fall off from the oil sludge particles and is dissolved in the liquid by using high temperature. And settling after stirring, so that the separation effect of the slurry, the liquid and the sediment is improved, and the primary oil-residue separation is completed. Then centrifugally separating the slurry with a horizontal screw, mixing the separated slurry with sediments for vacuum deoiling and dewatering to complete secondary oil-residue separation; and then, continuously performing dry distillation on the coarse residues to finish the oil-residue separation for three times. After the oil residue is separated for three times, oil, water, non-condensable gas and dry distillation residue can be obtained. The steps are matched, so that oil, water and sludge in the oil sludge can be better separated, the recycling rate of the oil and the water is effectively improved, the pollution is reduced, and the environment protection is facilitated.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The treatment process of the oil-containing hazardous waste is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
crushing the oil-containing hazardous waste, adding a demulsifier, washing with water vapor, settling to obtain a slurry, a first liquid and a first sediment, performing horizontal spiral separation on the slurry to obtain a second sediment, oil and water, and performing oil-water separation on the first liquid to obtain oil and water;
combining the first sediment and the second sediment, deoiling and dehydrating in vacuum to obtain a second liquid and coarse sediment, performing dry distillation on the coarse sediment to obtain dry sediment and high-temperature oil gas, and condensing the high-temperature oil gas to obtain oil and non-condensable gas; and carrying out oil-water separation on the liquid II to obtain oil and water.
2. The process for treating oil-containing hazardous waste according to claim 1, wherein the demulsifier is added, and further comprises one or more of polyaluminium chloride, polyferric chloride and polyaluminium ferric chloride, and the dosage of the demulsifier is 10-20%.
3. The process for treating oil-containing hazardous waste according to claim 2, wherein after the demulsifier is added, the pH is adjusted to 6-7, and the mixture is stirred at 500-800r/min for 1-5min.
4. The process for treating oil-containing hazardous waste according to claim 3, wherein after stirring, a polyacrylamide solution is added in an amount of 0.3-0.5% of the amount of the demulsifier.
5. The process for treating oil-containing hazardous waste in claim 4, wherein the demulsifier is a reverse demulsifier, and the mass of the reverse demulsifier is 0.2-5% of the mass of the oil-containing hazardous waste.
6. The process for treating oil-containing hazardous waste according to claim 1, wherein the temperature is 80-90 ℃, the pressure is 0.8-1.7MPa, and the water flow is 10-20L/min when the water vapor is heated and washed with water.
7. The process for treating oil-containing hazardous waste according to claim 6, wherein the temperature is 200-250 ℃ during vacuum de-oiling and dehydrating.
8. The process for treating oil-containing hazardous waste according to claim 7, wherein the temperature is 450-550 ℃ and the time is 50-70min during dry distillation.
9. The process for treating oil-containing hazardous waste according to claim 1, wherein the separation is performed at 60-70 ℃ during oil-water separation.
CN202211122257.5A 2022-09-15 2022-09-15 Treatment process of oily hazardous waste Pending CN115304228A (en)

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Application publication date: 20221108