CN115300130B

CN115300130B - Adjustable and assemblable head fixing device

Info

Publication number: CN115300130B
Application number: CN202211243773.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘焕兵
Original assignee: First Hospital Jinlin University
Current assignee: First Hospital Jinlin University
Priority date: 2022-10-12
Filing date: 2022-10-12
Publication date: 2023-01-06
Anticipated expiration: 2042-10-12
Also published as: CN115300130A

Abstract

The invention provides an adjustable and assemblable head fixing device, which belongs to the technical field of medical care equipment and comprises two main body brackets (100) and an auxiliary fixing belt (200); the main body support (100) is of an arc-shaped structure, the middle of the main body support (100) is provided with an arc-shaped groove (101), the side walls of the main body support (100) on the two sides of the arc-shaped groove (101) are uniformly provided with a plurality of mounting clamping grooves (102) and two corresponding mounting clamping grooves (102) are arranged between the pneumatic supporting components (10), and one end, close to the circle center of the main body support (100), of each pneumatic supporting component (10) is provided with a contact head (20). The fixing device can realize the close contact and firm fixation of the fixing device and the head of the patient, and the effective protection of the head of the patient is formed; meanwhile, the fixing device can effectively ventilate, dissipate heat and clean the contact part after being fixed, and avoid long-term contact to cause bacterial breeding.

Description

Adjustable and assemblable head fixing device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical care equipment, in particular to an adjustable and assemblable head fixing device.

Background

Neurosurgery mainly studies the human nervous system, such as the brain, spinal cord and its peripheral nervous system, and its associated accessory organs; can be used for treating traumatic nervous system diseases such as brain and spinal cord.

In the process of neurosurgery operation, for some patients with diseases, medical staff usually need to perform craniotomy, namely, cutting the skull of a human body to realize the intracranial operation of the patient, and then wrapping a head wound by using gauze; in the postoperative recovery process after craniotomy, the head of a patient is easy to contact with the outside to collide, so that secondary injury is brought to the patient; consequently, among the clinical postoperative care process, adopt gauze to wrap the back, still need utilize fixed hood to form protection and supplementary fixed to patient's head usually in the wound, avoid head and external direct contact, collision. The existing fixed hood is fixed in type, and cannot be adjusted according to the sizes of heads of different patients, so that the problems of untight fit and unstable fixation are caused; the other type is a customized style which is customized according to the sizes of the heads of different patients, is tightly attached to the heads of the patients and is firmly fixed, but is disposable and high in cost. In addition, current fixed hood carries out fixed back for a long time to patient's head, and the contact site of hood and patient's head can produce high temperature, high humidity environment, causes bacterial growing, is unfavorable for patient's postoperative to be resumeed.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the problems in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide an adjustable and assemblable head fixing device, which can be controllably adjusted according to the sizes of the heads of different patients, so as to realize the close contact and firm fixation between the fixing device and the head of the patient, thereby forming effective protection for the head of the patient; simultaneously, this fixing device can carry out effectual ventilation, heat dissipation, cleanness to the contact site after fixed to avoid fixing device and patient's head to contact for a long time and cause bacterial growing.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

an adjustable and assemblable head fixing device comprises two main body brackets and an auxiliary fixing belt; the two main body brackets are rotatably connected, and an auxiliary fixing belt is arranged at the joint of the two main body brackets; the main part support is the arc structure and the main part support middle part is seted up the arc wall, and the main part support lateral wall of arc wall both sides evenly sets up a plurality of mounting groove and two and correspond and set up a pneumatic supporting component between the mounting groove, and the one end that pneumatic supporting component is close to the main part support centre of a circle sets up the contact head.

The two ends of the arc-shaped structure of the main body bracket are respectively provided with a support lug with a through hole in the middle, and the corresponding support lugs at the two ends of the two main body brackets are respectively connected through bolts, so that the two main body brackets are rotatably connected; and two ends of the auxiliary fixing belt are respectively connected with the two bolts.

The pneumatic support assembly comprises a cylinder, a cylinder cover, a piston seat, a sliding rod, a mounting ball head and a right-angle shutoff valve; the outer wall of the cylinder is clamped between the two corresponding mounting clamping grooves, and one end of the cylinder, which is close to the circle center of the main body bracket, is hermetically connected with the cylinder cover; the piston seat is positioned in the cylinder, the outer wall of the piston seat is connected with the inner wall of the cylinder in a sliding manner, the side surface of one side, close to the cylinder cover, of the piston seat is fixedly connected with a sliding rod, one end, far away from the piston seat, of the sliding rod penetrates through the cylinder cover, and the end part of the sliding rod is fixedly connected with a ball head; the air cylinder is far away from one end of the mounting ball head and is positioned outside the main body support, an air inlet pipe is arranged, and a right-angle shutoff valve is arranged on the air inlet pipe.

Further optimized, the sliding rod is uniformly provided with a plurality of positioning holes along the axis direction.

Preferably, the central axes of the cylinder, the piston seat, the sliding rod and the mounting ball head are collinear.

The contact head comprises a contact head body, one end of the contact head body, which is close to the pneumatic support assembly, is provided with a spherical mounting hole corresponding to the mounting ball head, and the pneumatic support assembly is connected with the contact head by clamping the mounting ball head into the spherical mounting hole; an air cavity is formed in the contact head body, and an air flow channel is arranged at the lower end of the air cavity; an elastic layer is arranged at one end of the contact head body, which is far away from the pneumatic support assembly, an annular groove is formed in the elastic layer, airflow grooves are formed in the elastic layer on two sides of the annular groove, and the airflow grooves are communicated with the annular groove; a plurality of air holes are uniformly formed in the end face, far away from the pneumatic supporting assembly, of the contact head body and corresponding to the joint of the grooves (namely the joint of the annular groove and the air flow groove or the joint of the air flow groove), and the air holes are communicated with the air cavity respectively.

For further optimization, a pressure pipe and an air path pipe are respectively arranged on two sides of the main body support, the pressure pipes are respectively communicated with the air inlet pipes, and the air path pipes are respectively communicated with the air flow channels; the pressure pipe is connected with two ends of the air path pipe through two valve components respectively, one valve component is connected with the pressure gauge, and the other valve component is connected with the air inlet equipment.

For further optimization, the valve component comprises a communicating pipe, a fixed pipe and an adjusting pipe; the fixed pipe penetrates through the top surface of the communicating pipe and is vertically connected with the communicating pipe, two ends of the fixed pipe are respectively provided with an air guide port, the inside of the communicating pipe is respectively provided with an air duct corresponding to the air guide port, the air duct is hermetically communicated with the air guide port, and the air ducts on two sides are respectively communicated with the pressure pipe and the airflow pipe; the adjusting pipe is arranged in the fixed pipe, the adjusting pipe and the fixed pipe are coaxial pipes, the outer wall of the adjusting pipe is rotatably connected with the inner wall of the fixed pipe, and an adjusting opening is formed in one side of the adjusting pipe and corresponds to the air guide opening; the upper end of the adjusting pipe is communicated with air inlet equipment or a pressure gauge.

Preferably, the diameter of the regulating port is larger than that of the air guide port.

Preferably, the outer wall of the adjusting pipe is connected with the inner wall of the fixed pipe in a sealing and rotating mode through a sealing bearing and a sealing rubber ring.

The invention has the following technical effects:

according to the application, the plurality of pneumatic supporting assemblies are matched with the contact heads, and the contact heads and the pneumatic supporting assemblies rotate, so that adjustment can be performed according to small differences of head shapes of different patients, the surface of the contact heads is tightly attached to the surface of the head of the patient, the fixing device is guaranteed to be stably fixed, the problem that the fixing device falls off after being fixed is avoided, the head of the fixed patient is effectively protected, secondary damage caused by direct contact and collision between the head of the patient and an external object is avoided, postoperative recovery is influenced, and even the patient is damaged; meanwhile, the fixation of the fixing device can also form auxiliary fixation on the head of the patient, so that the healing effect of the head wound of the patient after the craniotomy is ensured, and the postoperative rehabilitation period is shortened. In addition, this application can carry out effectual ventilation, heat dissipation and cleanness to contact and patient head contact site after firm fixed through the structural design of contact, avoids permanent fixed back contact site because bacterial growing that the high temperature and high humidity environment appears, causes the wound to worsen even, does benefit to patient's recovery.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a head fixation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a main body support, a pneumatic support assembly, and a contact assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a main body bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pneumatic support assembly in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a pneumatic support assembly in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a contact according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a contact in an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a valve assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 isbase:Sub>A sectional view taken along linebase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A of fig. 8.

100, a main body bracket; 101. an arc-shaped slot; 102. installing a clamping groove; 103. supporting a lug; 1030. a through hole; 1031. a bolt; 10. a pneumatic support assembly; 11. a cylinder; 110. fastening a nut; 12. a cylinder head; 13. a piston seat; 14. a slide bar; 140. positioning holes; 15. installing a ball head; 16. a right angle shut-off valve; 17. an air inlet pipe; 20. a contact head; 21. a contact body; 22. a spherical mounting hole; 23. an air cavity; 24. an air flow channel; 25. an elastic layer; 251. an annular groove; 252. an airflow groove; 26. air holes; 30. a pressure pipe; 40. an air passage pipe; 50. a valve assembly; 51. a communicating pipe; 510. an air duct; 52. a fixed tube; 520. an air guide port; 53. an adjusting tube; 530. an adjustment port; 60. an air intake device; 70. a pressure gauge; 200. and (5) auxiliary fixing belts.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1 to 9, an adjustable and assemblable head fixing device includes two main body frames 100 and an auxiliary fixing band 200; the two main body brackets 100 are rotatably connected, and an auxiliary fixing belt 200 is arranged at the joint of the two main body brackets 100; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the two ends of the arc-shaped structure of the main body bracket 100 are respectively provided with a support lug 103 (shown in fig. 3) with a through hole 1030 in the middle, and the two ends of the two main body brackets 100 are connected with the corresponding support lugs 103 through bolts 1031 (shown in fig. 1), so that the two main body brackets 100 are rotatably connected; both ends of the auxiliary fixing band 200 are respectively connected with two bolts 1031 (shown in fig. 1).

The main body support 100 is of an arc-shaped structure, an arc-shaped groove 101 is formed in the middle of the main body support 100, a plurality of installation clamping grooves 102 are uniformly formed in the side walls of the main body support 100 on the two sides of the arc-shaped groove 101 (the number of the installation clamping grooves 102 is set according to actual conditions, the installation clamping grooves 102 on the inner side correspond to the installation clamping grooves 102 on the outer side one by one, the connecting line of the two corresponding installation clamping grooves 102 is collinear with the circular shape of the arc-shaped structure of the main body support 100, as shown in fig. 3), a pneumatic supporting component 10 (as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3) is arranged between the two corresponding installation clamping grooves 102, and a contact head 20 is arranged at one end, close to the circle center, of the main body support 100, of the pneumatic supporting component 10.

The pneumatic support assembly 10 comprises a cylinder 11, a cylinder cover 12, a piston seat 13, a sliding rod 14, a mounting ball head 15 and a right-angle shutoff valve 16; the outer wall of the cylinder 11 is clamped between the two corresponding mounting clamping grooves 102, and one end of the cylinder 11 close to the circle center of the main body bracket 100 is hermetically connected with the cylinder cover 12; in order to ensure the stable positioning of the pneumatic support assembly 10 on the main body bracket 100, fastening nuts 110 are disposed on the outer walls of the cylinder 11 and the cylinder head 12 and on the inner and outer sides of the main body bracket 100, as shown in fig. 5, and the fastening nuts 110 are screwed with the outer wall of the cylinder 11 or the outer wall of the cylinder head 12. The piston seat 13 is positioned in the cylinder 11, the outer wall of the piston seat 13 is connected with the inner wall of the cylinder 11 in a sliding manner, the side surface of one side, close to the cylinder cover 12, of the piston seat 13 is fixedly connected with the sliding rod 14, one end, far away from the piston seat 13, of the sliding rod 14 penetrates through the cylinder cover 12, and the end part (namely the end part, far away from one end of the piston seat 13) of the sliding rod 14 is fixedly connected with the mounting ball head 15; the slide rod 14 is provided with a plurality of positioning holes 140 uniformly along the axial direction thereof (as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the number of the positioning holes 140 is set according to actual conditions). An air inlet pipe 17 is arranged at one end, far away from the mounting ball head 15, of the air cylinder 11 and located on the outer side of the main body support 100, and a right-angle shutoff valve 16 is arranged on the air inlet pipe 17. The central axes of the cylinder 11, the piston seat 13, the sliding rod 14 and the mounting ball head 15 are collinear.

The contact head 20 comprises a contact head body 21, one end of the contact head body 21, which is close to the pneumatic support assembly 10, is provided with a spherical mounting hole 22 corresponding to the mounting ball head 15, and the pneumatic support assembly 10 is connected with the contact head 20 by clamping the mounting ball head 15 into the spherical mounting hole 22; an air cavity 23 is formed in the contact head body 21, and an air flow channel 24 is arranged at the lower end of the air cavity 23; an elastic layer 25 (the elastic layer 25 can be made of a silica gel material or a rubber material harmless to human skin in medical science) is arranged at one end of the contact head body 21 far away from the pneumatic support assembly 10, an annular groove 251 is formed in the elastic layer 25, airflow grooves 252 are formed in the elastic layer 25 on two sides of the annular groove 251, and the airflow grooves 252 are communicated with the annular groove 251 (as shown in fig. 6); a plurality of air holes 26 are uniformly formed at the joint of the contact head body 21 (i.e. the joint of the annular groove 251 and the air flow groove 252 or the joint of the air flow groove 252, as shown in fig. 6) far away from the end face of the pneumatic support assembly 10 and corresponding to the groove, and the air holes 26 are respectively communicated with the air cavity 23 (as shown in fig. 7).

A pressure pipe 30 and an air path pipe 40 are respectively arranged on two sides of the main body support 100, the pressure pipe 30 is respectively communicated with each air inlet pipe 17, and the air path pipe 40 is respectively communicated with each air flow channel 24; the pressure pipe 30 and the air passage pipe 40 are connected at both ends thereof through two valve assemblies 50, respectively, and one valve assembly 50 is connected to the pressure gauge 70, and the other valve assembly 50 is connected to the air inlet device 60 (as shown in fig. 2).

The valve assembly 50 comprises a communication pipe 51, a fixed pipe 52 and a regulating pipe 53; fixed pipe 52 penetrates the top surface of communication pipe 51, fixed pipe 52 is vertically connected with communication pipe 51, two ends of fixed pipe 52 are respectively provided with an air guide port 520, and the interior of communication pipe 51 is respectively provided with an air duct 510 (as shown in fig. 9) corresponding to air guide port 520, air duct 510 is hermetically communicated with air guide port 520, and air ducts 510 at two sides (one end far away from fixed pipe 52) are respectively communicated with pressure pipe 30 and airflow pipe 40; adjusting pipe 53 sets up in fixed pipe 52, and adjusting pipe 53 and fixed pipe 52 are coaxial pipe and adjusting pipe 53 outer wall and fixed pipe 52 inner wall rotate to be connected, and preferably, adjusting pipe 53 outer wall and fixed pipe 52 inner wall realize sealed rotation through sealed bearing and sealed rubber circle and are connected. An adjusting port 530 is arranged on one side of the adjusting pipe 53 and corresponds to the air guide port 520, and the diameter of the adjusting port 530 is larger than that of the air guide port 520; the upper end of the adjusting pipe 53 is communicated with an air inlet device 60 or a pressure gauge 70.

Example 2:

as a further optimization of the solution of the present application, on the basis of embodiment 1, the fixing device further includes a housing, the main body support 100 is fixedly disposed in the housing, the support lug 103 penetrates through the housing, the sliding rod 14 penetrates through the housing and is slidably connected with the housing, the contact head 20 is located outside the housing, and the pressure tube 30, the air path tube 40 and the valve assembly 50 are all disposed in the housing, so as to avoid forming a wrapping protection for the main body support 100, the pneumatic support assembly 10, the pressure tube 30, the air path tube 40 and the valve assembly 50.

The outer wall of the shell is coated with an elastic sponge layer.

Example 3:

as a further optimization of the solution of the present application, on the basis of embodiment 1, the adjusting tube 53 further includes a locking mechanism for limiting the relative rotation between the adjusting tube 53 and the fixing tube 52, so as to avoid the problems of air leakage, pressure difference and the like caused by the rotation of the adjusting tube 53 during the ventilation process.

Example 4:

a method of using a head fixation device, using the fixation device of embodiment 1:

firstly, sleeving a fixing device on an outer ring of a position to be fixed on the head of a patient;

then, the two regulating tubes 53 are rotated respectively so that the regulating ports 530 of the regulating tubes 53 are both communicated with the vent pipe 510 at one end of the pressure tube 30;

then, opening the right-angle shutoff valve 16 of the corresponding pneumatic support assembly 10 according to the point position required to be fixed; then, the pressure gauge 70 and the air inlet device 60 are respectively communicated through the adjusting pipe 53, then the air inlet device 60 is opened to ventilate the pressure pipe 30, at the moment, air flow is not conducted in the air flow pipe 40, the air pressure in the pressure pipe 30 is distributed into the pneumatic support assemblies 10 of the open right-angle shutoff valves 16, the piston seat 13 is pushed by the air inlet pipe 17 to move towards one end far away from the air inlet pipe 17, and the contact head 20 is driven by the sliding rod 14 to move towards one end far away from the air inlet pipe 17 until the elastic layer 25 of the contact head 20 is contacted with the surface of the head of the patient; when the elastic layer 25 of the pneumatic support assembly 10 is observed to be compressed, after the sliding rod 14 is hard-limited by a person penetrating through the positioning hole 140 which is closest to the fastening nut 110 and is of the main body bracket 100 (exposed out of the housing in the case of the structure of embodiment 2) by the positioning pin, the right-angle shut-off valve 16 corresponding to the pneumatic support assembly 10 is shut off, so that the ventilation to the pneumatic support assembly 10 is stopped; after the sliding rod 14 of each pneumatic support assembly 10 is subjected to hard limiting through the positioning pin in sequence, the air inlet device 60 is closed, and then the auxiliary fixing band 200 is positioned, so that the fixing device is fixed on the head of the patient. The sliding fixation is realized through air pressure, and then the hard limit is realized through the positioning pin, so that the fixation through continuous ventilation can be avoided, the air source is effectively saved, and meanwhile, the increase of the weight and the volume of the fixing device caused by the real-time communication between the fixing device and the air inlet equipment 60 is avoided, and the normal activity of a patient is further influenced; in addition, realize sliding fixation through atmospheric pressure, reuse locating pin realizes hard spacing, can avoid using for a long time the back atmospheric pressure reduces and contact 20 that appears breaks away from, the maintenance is not hard up with patient's head problem.

When the head of the patient needs to be radiated and ventilated, the adjusting pipe 53 is rotated, so that the adjusting ports 530 of the adjusting pipe 53 are communicated with the ventilation pipeline 510 at one end of the air path pipe 40; then, the air inlet device 60 is started, and the air flow of the air inlet device 60 passes through the air path pipe 40, the air flow channel 24, the air cavity 23, the air hole 26, the annular groove 251 and the air flow groove 252 and then is uniformly dispersed on the head of the patient, so that ventilation, heat dissipation and cleaning of the contact surface are realized, and the problems of high temperature and high humidity, bacterial growth and the like after long-term wearing are avoided.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," "secured," "screwed" and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the terms may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate, and may be communication between two elements or interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise specifically limited, and the specific meaning of the terms in the present invention will be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An adjustable and assemblable head fixation device, comprising: comprises two main body brackets (100) and an auxiliary fixing belt (200); the two main body brackets (100) are rotatably connected, and an auxiliary fixing belt (200) is arranged at the joint of the two main body brackets (100); the main body support (100) is of an arc-shaped structure, an arc-shaped groove (101) is formed in the middle of the main body support (100), a plurality of installation clamping grooves (102) are uniformly formed in the side walls of the main body support (100) on the two sides of the arc-shaped groove (101), a pneumatic supporting assembly (10) is arranged between the two corresponding installation clamping grooves (102), and a contact head (20) is arranged at one end, close to the circle center of the main body support (100), of the pneumatic supporting assembly (10);

the two ends of the arc-shaped structure of the main body bracket (100) are respectively provided with a support lug (103) the middle part of which is provided with a through hole (1030), and the two ends of the two main body brackets (100) are connected with the corresponding support lugs (103) through bolts (1031); two ends of the auxiliary fixing belt (200) are respectively connected with the two bolts (1031);

the pneumatic support assembly (10) comprises a cylinder (11), a cylinder cover (12), a piston seat (13), a sliding rod (14), a mounting ball head (15) and a right-angle shutoff valve (16); the outer wall of the cylinder (11) is clamped between the two corresponding mounting clamping grooves (102), and one end, close to the circle center of the main body support (100), of the cylinder (11) is connected with the cylinder cover (12) in a sealing mode; the piston seat (13) is positioned in the cylinder (11), the outer wall of the piston seat (13) is connected with the inner wall of the cylinder (11) in a sliding manner, the side surface of one side, close to the cylinder cover (12), of the piston seat (13) is fixedly connected with a sliding rod (14), one end, far away from the piston seat (13), of the sliding rod (14) penetrates through the cylinder cover (12), and the end part of the sliding rod is fixedly connected with a mounting ball head (15); an air inlet pipe (17) is arranged at one end, far away from the mounting ball head (15), of the air cylinder (11) and located on the outer side of the main body support (100), and a right-angle shutoff valve (16) is arranged on the air inlet pipe (17);

the contact head (20) comprises a contact head body (21), and one end, close to the pneumatic support assembly (10), of the contact head body (21) is provided with a spherical mounting hole (22) corresponding to the mounting ball head (15); an air cavity (23) is formed in the contact head body (21), and an air flow channel (24) is arranged at the lower end of the air cavity (23); an elastic layer (25) is arranged at one end, far away from the pneumatic support assembly (10), of the contact head body (21), an annular groove (251) is formed in the elastic layer (25), airflow grooves (252) are formed in the elastic layer (25) on two sides of the annular groove (251), and the airflow grooves (252) are communicated with the annular groove (251); a plurality of air holes (26) are uniformly formed in the end face of one end, far away from the pneumatic supporting assembly (10), of the contact head body (21) and correspond to the joint of the grooves, and the air holes (26) are communicated with the air cavity (23) respectively.

2. An adjustable and assemblable head restraint as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sliding rod (14) is uniformly provided with a plurality of positioning holes (140) along the axial direction.

3. An adjustable and assemblable head restraint as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the central axes of the cylinder (11), the piston seat (13), the sliding rod (14) and the mounting ball head (15) are collinear.

4. An adjustable and assemblable head restraint as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a pressure pipe (30) and an air path pipe (40) are respectively arranged on two sides of the main body support (100), the pressure pipe (30) is respectively communicated with each air inlet pipe (17), and the air path pipe (40) is respectively communicated with each air flow channel (24); the two ends of the pressure pipe (30) and the air path pipe (40) are respectively connected with each other (50) through two valve components, one valve component (50) is connected with a pressure gauge (70), and the other valve component (50) is connected with an air inlet device (60).

5. An adjustable and assemblable head restraint as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the valve assembly (50) comprises a communicating pipe (51), a fixed pipe (52) and an adjusting pipe (53); the fixed pipe (52) penetrates through the top surface of the communication pipe (51), the fixed pipe (52) is vertically connected with the communication pipe (51), two ends of the fixed pipe (52) are respectively provided with an air guide port (520), the interior of the communication pipe (51) is respectively provided with an air duct (510) corresponding to the air guide ports (520), the air duct (510) is hermetically communicated with the air guide ports (520), and the air ducts (510) at two sides are respectively communicated with the pressure pipe (30) and the airflow pipe (40); the adjusting pipe (53) is arranged in the fixed pipe (52), the adjusting pipe (53) and the fixed pipe (52) are coaxial pipes, the outer wall of the adjusting pipe (53) is rotatably connected with the inner wall of the fixed pipe (52), and an adjusting opening (530) is formed in one side of the adjusting pipe (53) and corresponds to the air guide opening (520); the upper end of the adjusting pipe (53) is communicated with an air inlet device (60) or a pressure gauge (70).

6. An adjustable and assemblable head restraint as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the diameter of the adjusting opening (530) is larger than that of the air guide opening (520).

7. An adjustable and assemblable head restraint as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the outer wall of the adjusting pipe (53) is connected with the inner wall of the fixed pipe (52) in a sealing and rotating mode through a sealing bearing and a sealing rubber ring.