CN115296747B - Two-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio equalization method applied to optical fiber multi-carrier system - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
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- H04B10/541—Digital intensity or amplitude modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/501—Structural aspects
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- H04B10/505—Laser transmitters using external modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
- H04B10/69—Electrical arrangements in the receiver
- H04B10/697—Arrangements for reducing noise and distortion
- H04B10/6971—Arrangements for reducing noise and distortion using equalisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2614—Peak power aspects
- H04L27/2615—Reduction thereof using coding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
- H04L27/2627—Modulators
- H04L27/264—Pulse-shaped multi-carrier, i.e. not using rectangular window
- H04L27/26416—Filtering per subcarrier, e.g. filterbank multicarrier [FBMC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2649—Demodulators
- H04L27/26534—Pulse-shaped multi-carrier, i.e. not using rectangular window
- H04L27/2654—Filtering per subcarrier, e.g. filterbank multicarrier [FBMC]
Abstract
The invention discloses a two-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio equalization method applied to an optical fiber orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and filter bank multi-carrier system, which comprises the following steps: in a transmitter, performing linear precoding processing on a quadrature amplitude modulation symbol obtained after mapping user bit data in a frequency domain, and associating the precoding symbol with a data subcarrier; cyclic shift operations with different degrees are carried out on the precoding symbols on the same data subcarrier in different optical fiber OFDM and FBMC symbols so as to realize interleaving among the precoding symbols; in the receiver, the obtained pre-coded symbols are subjected to corresponding de-interleaving and linear decoding to recover the quadrature amplitude modulation symbols, so that the signal-to-noise ratio SNR equalization on different data subcarriers of the same optical fiber OFDM and FBMC symbols and between the different optical fiber OFDM and FBMC symbols is realized. The invention can realize two-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio equalization and reduce the peak-to-average power ratio of the signal, thereby reducing nonlinear distortion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical fiber communication, in particular to a two-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio equalization method applied to an optical fiber orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and filter bank multi-carrier system.
Background
With the rapid development of new services such as the internet of things, cloud computing, a fifth generation mobile network and the like, the requirements of people on the information transmission rate are higher and higher. The multi-carrier transmission technologies such as optical fiber OFDM and FBMC are considered as one of the most promising technologies for realizing high-speed optical networks in the future with high efficiency, and have attracted extensive attention and research in both academia and industry.
In general, in an optical fiber OFDM/FBMC communication system, problems such as non-ideal frequency response of an optical device, nonlinear distortion (such as nonlinear distortion introduced by an electro-optical modulator and an optical fiber) and square law detection characteristics of a photodiode will cause signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) maldistribution on a data subcarrier, and time-varying SNR impairment will be caused due to factors such as nonlinear distortion or system interference. The conventional adaptive modulation technology or linear precoding technology can effectively solve the problem of unbalanced subcarrier SNR damage, but is difficult to cope with the influence of time-varying SNR damage on the system reliability. Therefore, it is important to explore a two-dimensional SNR equalization method capable of simultaneously solving the inter-subcarrier and inter-OFDM/FBMC symbol changes with time, and to improve the reliability of multi-carrier optical fiber communication systems such as optical fiber OFDM/FBMC.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a two-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio equalization method which can realize two-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio equalization and reduce nonlinear distortion and is applied to an optical fiber orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and filter bank multi-carrier system.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a two-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio equalization method applied to an optical fiber orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and filter bank multi-carrier system comprises the following steps:
s1: in a transmitter, performing linear precoding processing on Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) symbols obtained after mapping user bit data in a frequency domain, and associating the precoding symbols with data subcarriers;
s2: performing cyclic shift operations of different degrees on precoding symbols on the same data subcarrier in different optical fiber Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and filter bank multicarrier system (FBMC) symbols so as to realize interleaving among the precoding symbols;
s3: in the receiver, the obtained pre-coded symbols are subjected to corresponding de-interleaving and linear decoding to recover Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) symbols, and equalization of signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) on different data subcarriers of different optical fiber OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) and filter bank multi-carrier systems (FBMC) symbols and the same optical fiber OFDM and filter bank multi-carrier systems (FBMC) is realized.
In the step S1, the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is recorded as OFDM, and the filter bank multicarrier is FBMC; the OFDM/FBMC symbols need to be transmitted after framing, and a frame is assumed to include N OFDM/FBMC symbols, wherein M QAM symbols for generating the nth OFDM/FBMC symbol are represented as X after being mapped by user bit data n ：
X n ＝[x 1,n ,x 2,n ,…,x M,n ] T
Wherein M refers to the number of data subcarriers, T is a matrix transpose operation, and the associated QAM symbol on the mth subcarrier in the nth OFDM/FBMC symbol is x m,n ；
The linear precoding matrix is defined as follows:
wherein P is a precoding matrix, and the precoding matrix P is an orthogonal matrix;
frequency domain data after linear precoding processing for M QAM symbols used for generating nth OFDM/FBMC symbolExpressed as:
in the method, in the process of the invention,representing the mth linear precoded symbol of the nth OFDM/FBMC symbols.
The two-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio equalization method applied to the optical fiber orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and filter bank multi-carrier system is characterized in that in the step S2, cyclic shifts are performed to different degrees on the pre-coded symbols on the same data sub-carrier in different OFDM/FBMC symbols to complete interleaving processing, wherein the symbol obtained after interleaving the pre-coded symbol on the mth sub-carrier is defined as:
the function circshift (X, C) in the formula represents that C times of cyclic shift are carried out on the row matrix X, if C is greater than 0, the right shift is represented, and otherwise, the left shift is represented; the interleaved symbols obtained after cyclic shift of all data subcarriers are expressed as:
the interleaved symbols to be obtainedThe generation of the nth OFDM/FBMC symbol is realized based on the FFT algorithm, and the OFDM/FBMC symbol is transmitted to a receiver through digital-to-analog conversion, electro-optical conversion and optical fiber after framing.
The two-dimensional snr equalization method applied to the optical fiber ofdm and filter bank multicarrier system is characterized in that in the step S3, the interleaved symbol y on the mth data subcarrier after channel equalization is received in the receiver m,n And (3) performing corresponding de-interleaving treatment:
finally, de-interleaving the symbolm∈[1,M],n∈[1,N]The corresponding decoding processing is carried out on the pre-coded symbol carried by the n-th OFDM/FBMC symbol:
in the method, in the process of the invention,for the m-th QAM symbol in the n-th OFDM/FBMC symbol recovered after decoding, P -1 Is the inverse of the precoding matrix P; since P is an orthogonal matrix, the inverse matrix P -1 Is also the conjugate transpose of P; and two-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio equalization between OFDM/FBMC symbols and between subcarriers is realized after corresponding de-interleaving and decoding.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: firstly, in a transmitter, performing linear precoding processing on Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) symbols obtained after bit data mapping in a frequency domain, and associating the precoding symbols with data subcarriers; then, cyclic shift operation is carried out on the pre-coded symbols on the same subcarrier in different OFDM or FBMC symbols so as to realize interleaving among the pre-coded symbols, on the basis, an IFFT algorithm is utilized to realize OFDM or FBMC signal generation, electro-optical conversion, optical fiber transmission, photoelectric conversion and analog-to-digital conversion, and then the frequency domain pre-coded symbols are recovered in a receiver based on an FFT algorithm; finally, de-interleaving is carried out on the recovered pre-encoded symbols in a receiver, and then corresponding decoding processing is carried out on the de-interleaved symbols, so that the signal-to-noise ratio equalization between different sub-carriers and between different OFDM/FBMC symbols is simultaneously realized. The invention not only can realize two-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio equalization, but also can reduce peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of signals, thereby reducing nonlinear distortion introduced by a plurality of photoelectric devices, and being applicable to improving the performance of an optical fiber OFDM/FBMC transmission system with frequency selective fading or time-varying damage characteristics.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) of a baseband transceiver applied to an optical fiber multi-carrier system and a simulation condition diagram thereof;
fig. 2 is a graph comparing PAPR of an OFDM signal generated without using the precoding technique (Original), using the WHT precoding technique (WHT), and using the precoding and symbol interleaving technique (wht+si) of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing SNR equalization effects among different OFDM sub-carriers in the case of 3 cases in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing SNR equalization effects among different OFDM symbols in the case of 3 cases in fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a 16QAM constellation recovered by the receiver in the 3 cases referred to in fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a two-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio equalization method applied to a multi-carrier system of an optical fiber orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and filter bank comprises the following steps:
s1: in a transmitter, quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) symbols obtained after mapping user binary bit data are subjected to linear precoding processing in a frequency domain, and the precoding symbols are associated with data subcarriers.
The OFDM/FBMC symbols typically need to be transmitted after framing, assuming that a frame includes N OFDM/FBMC symbols, where the M QAM symbols used to generate the nth OFDM/FBMC symbol are represented as X after user bit data mapping n ：
X n ＝[x 1,n ,x 2,n ,…,x M,n ] T
Wherein M refers to the number of data subcarriers, T is a matrix transpose operation, and the associated QAM symbol on the mth subcarrier in the nth OFDM/FBMC symbol is x m,n ；
The linear precoding matrix is defined as follows:
wherein P is a precoding matrix, and the precoding matrix P is an orthogonal matrix, and may be configured by a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) matrix, a constant amplitude zero auto-correlation sequence (CAZAC), a Zadoff-Chu sequence, a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) matrix, a Discrete Hartley Transform (DHT) matrix, a walsh-hadamard transform (WHT) matrix, and the like, where the former three have a better signal peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) suppression capability, and the WHT has the lowest hardware implementation complexity, and may be properly selected according to actual needs.
Frequency domain data after linear precoding processing for M QAM symbols used for generating nth OFDM/FBMC symbolExpressed as:
in the method, in the process of the invention,representing the mth linear precoded symbol of the nth OFDM/FBMC symbols.
S2: and performing cyclic shift operations of different degrees on the precoding symbols on the same data subcarrier in different optical fiber Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and filter bank multicarrier system (FBMC) symbols so as to realize interleaving among the precoding symbols.
Performing cyclic shift of different degrees on the precoding symbols on the same data subcarrier in different OFDM/FBMC symbols to complete interleaving, wherein the symbol obtained after interleaving the precoding symbols on the mth subcarrier is defined as:
the function circshift (X, C) in the formula represents that C times of cyclic shift are carried out on the row matrix X, if C is greater than 0, the right shift is represented, and otherwise, the left shift is represented; the interleaved symbols obtained after cyclic shift of all data subcarriers are expressed as:
the interleaved symbols to be obtainedThe generation of the nth OFDM/FBMC symbol is realized based on the FFT algorithm, and the OFDM/FBMC symbol is transmitted to a receiver through digital-to-analog conversion, electro-optical conversion and optical fiber after framing.
S3: in the receiver, the obtained pre-coded symbols are subjected to corresponding de-interleaving and linear decoding to recover Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) symbols, and equalization of signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) on different data subcarriers of different optical fiber OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) and filter bank multi-carrier systems (FBMC) symbols and the same optical fiber OFDM and filter bank multi-carrier systems (FBMC) is realized.
Interleaving symbol y on mth data subcarrier after channel equalization in receiver m,n And (3) performing corresponding de-interleaving treatment:
finally, de-interleaving the symbolm∈[1,M],n∈[1,N]The corresponding decoding processing is carried out on the pre-coded symbol carried by the n-th OFDM/FBMC symbol:
in the method, in the process of the invention,for the m-th QAM symbol in the n-th OFDM/FBMC symbol recovered after decoding, P -1 Is the inverse of the precoding matrix P; since P is an orthogonal matrix, the inverse matrix P -1 Is also the conjugate transpose of P; and two-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio equalization between OFDM/FBMC symbols and between subcarriers is realized after corresponding de-interleaving and decoding.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the invention, an OFDM transceiver DSP algorithm shown in figure 1 is realized based on Matlab software programming, a transmission channel model is established, and numerical simulation analysis is carried out. Wherein the OFDM signal parameters are as follows: the number of IFFT/FFT points is 256, the number of data subcarriers is 192, other subcarriers are set to zero, the cyclic prefix/postfix is 16,8 training sequences are used for symbol synchronization and channel equalization, and a frame of signal comprises 2000 OFDM symbols. The transmission channel consists of three parts of digital amplitude limiting, low-pass filtering and additive Gaussian white noise, and the three parts are respectively used for simulating nonlinear distortion of an amplifier and an electro-optical modulator, band-limiting effect of a photoelectric device, noise influence of a photoelectric detector or an optical amplifier and the like. Wherein the digital clipping ratio is 6dB; the low-pass filtering is realized by a third-order FIR filter; the simulation system SNR was set to 30dB.
Fig. 2 is a graph of a complementary cumulative distribution function of PAPR obtained by statistics after 4 times oversampling of 100000 OFDM symbols, and the PAPR performance similar to that of the conventional precoding can be obtained by combining the precoding (WHT precoding for example) and the symbol interleaving method, and when CCDF is 1e-4, the PAPR of the system can be reduced by 2dB compared with that of the conventional method.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of SNR distribution over various data subcarriers estimated by a receiver using recovered QAM symbols after a frame of OFDM signal is transmitted over a channel. It can be seen that the precoding and symbol interleaving method provided by the invention can obtain similar SNR equalization effect as the traditional precoding method, and can significantly equalize the distribution of SNR compared with the traditional precoding-free method.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of SNR distribution among different OFDM symbols estimated by a receiver using recovered QAM symbols after a frame of OFDM signal is transmitted over a channel. The OFDM symbols with part of the traditional precoding-free technology and higher PAPR are more in low SNR symbols because of being greatly influenced by digital limiting noise; after the traditional precoding is used, the PAPR of the signal is suppressed to a certain extent, but the influence of limited amplitude noise of the OFDM symbol with a small part of high PAPR still causes low SNR; in contrast, after the precoding combined with the symbol interleaving technology proposed by the present invention is used, the SNR between symbols can obtain a better SNR equalization effect.
Fig. 5 is a constellation diagram of QAM symbols recovered by a receiver DSP algorithm for a frame of OFDM signal transmitted over a channel using 3 different methods. Compared with the other two methods, the method provided by the invention has excellent two-dimensional SNR equalization capability, so that the constellation is more converged, and the error rate performance of a transmission system is improved (the error rates of constellation symbols of fig. 5 (a), 5 (b) and 5 (c) after demapping are respectively 1.5e-4, 1.06e-5 and 0).
In summary, the invention not only can realize two-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio equalization, but also can reduce peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of signals, thereby reducing nonlinear distortion introduced by a plurality of photoelectric devices, and being applicable to improving the performance of an optical fiber OFDM/FBMC transmission system with frequency selective fading or time-varying damage characteristics.
Claims (2)
1. The two-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio equalization method applied to the optical fiber orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and filter bank multi-carrier system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: in a transmitter, performing linear precoding processing on Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) symbols obtained after mapping user bit data in a frequency domain, and associating the precoding symbols with data subcarriers;
s2: performing cyclic shift operations of different degrees on precoding symbols on the same data subcarrier in different optical fiber Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and filter bank multicarrier system (FBMC) symbols so as to realize interleaving among the precoding symbols;
in the step S2, cyclic shifts of different degrees are performed on the precoded symbols on the same data subcarrier in different OFDM/FBMC symbols to complete interleaving, where the symbol obtained after interleaving the precoded symbol on the mth subcarrier is defined as:
in the middle ofRepresenting the mth linear precoded symbol of the nth OFDM/FBMC symbol, the function circshift (X, C) represents C cyclic shifts of the row matrix X, if C is greater than 0, to the rightShifting, otherwise shifting to the left; the interleaved symbols obtained after cyclic shift of all data subcarriers are expressed as:
the interleaved symbols to be obtainedThe generation of the nth OFDM/FBMC symbol is realized based on the FFT algorithm, and the OFDM/FBMC symbol is transmitted to a receiver through digital-to-analog conversion, electro-optical conversion and optical fiber after framing;
s3: in a receiver, corresponding de-interleaving and linear decoding are carried out on the obtained pre-coded symbols, quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) symbols are recovered, and equalization of signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) on different data subcarriers of different optical fiber Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and filter bank multi-carrier systems (FBMC) symbols and the same optical fiber Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and filter bank multi-carrier systems (FBMC) is realized;
in the step S3, the receiver equalizes the interleaved symbol y on the mth data subcarrier after channel equalization m,n And (3) performing corresponding de-interleaving treatment:
finally, de-interleaving the symbolThe corresponding decoding processing is carried out on the pre-coded symbol carried by the n-th OFDM/FBMC symbol:
in the method, in the process of the invention,for the m-th QAM symbol in the n-th OFDM/FBMC symbol recovered after decoding, P -1 Is the inverse of the precoding matrix P; since P is an orthogonal matrix, the inverse matrix P -1 Is also the conjugate transpose of P; and two-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio equalization between OFDM/FBMC symbols and between subcarriers is realized after corresponding de-interleaving and decoding.
2. The method for equalizing two-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio in optical fiber orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and filter bank multicarrier system according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is described as OFDM, and filter bank multicarrier is FBMC; the OFDM/FBMC symbols need to be transmitted after framing, and a frame is assumed to include N OFDM/FBMC symbols, wherein M QAM symbols for generating the nth OFDM/FBMC symbol are represented as X after being mapped by user bit data n ：
X n ＝[x 1,n ,x 2,n ,…,x M,n ] T
Wherein M refers to the number of data subcarriers, T is a matrix transpose operation, and the associated QAM symbol on the mth subcarrier in the nth OFDM/FBMC symbol is x m,n ；
The linear precoding matrix is defined as follows:
wherein P is a precoding matrix, and the precoding matrix P is an orthogonal matrix;
frequency domain data after linear precoding processing for M QAM symbols used for generating nth OFDM/FBMC symbolExpressed as:
in the method, in the process of the invention,representing the mth linear precoded symbol of the nth OFDM/FBMC symbols.
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| KR101785210B1 (en) * | 2016-06-10 | 2017-10-13 | 한국과학기술원 | Method and apparatus for mitigating interference in qam-fbmc system |
| CN111903102A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2020-11-06 | Imt卢瓦尔河大区布列塔尼大西洋国立高等矿业电信学校 | Dummy guard interval insertion in FBMC transmitter |
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| KR101785210B1 (en) * | 2016-06-10 | 2017-10-13 | 한국과학기술원 | Method and apparatus for mitigating interference in qam-fbmc system |
| CN111903102A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2020-11-06 | Imt卢瓦尔河大区布列塔尼大西洋国立高等矿业电信学校 | Dummy guard interval insertion in FBMC transmitter |
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| 一种降低OFDM信号峰均功率比的预编码方法;黄润林;龙奕;尹忠科;;声学技术(06);全文 * |
| 基于SIPM-OFDM的全双工光纤-可见光混合系统;许启芳;文鸿;陈青辉;耿康;宗铁柱;陈明;;光通信技术(04);全文 * |
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