CN115295809A - Catalyst layer slurry for enhanced oxygen transfer fuel cell and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Catalyst layer slurry for enhanced oxygen transfer fuel cell and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003934 Aciplex® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003937 Aquivion® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003935 Flemion® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002849 PtRu Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007970 homogeneous dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8652—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites as mixture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8828—Coating with slurry or ink
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a catalyst layer slurry for a fuel cell with enhanced oxygen transfer and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation raw materials of the slurry comprise: the ionomer dispersion liquid, the catalyst, the deionized water and the solvent are obtained by sequentially carrying out tip ultrasonic treatment, high-speed mechanical shearing treatment and high-pressure homogenizing shearing treatment on the ionomer dispersion liquid, the catalyst, the deionized water and the solvent. According to the invention, tip ultrasound is used for obtaining a first slurry with an ionomer main chain fully opened in a solvent system, the solvent is continuously added, catalyst powder fully wetted by deionized water is dissolved in the first slurry, a second slurry with the ionomer uniformly wrapping the supported noble metal particles is obtained under a high-shear dispersion condition, the solvent is continuously added, a target slurry with a uniform and stable system is obtained under a high-pressure homogenization condition, the required cathode and anode catalyst layer slurry is obtained, and the membrane electrode is obtained after spraying, so that the utilization rate of the catalyst is improved, the resistance of oxygen transmission is reduced, and the improvement of the electrochemical performance and the power density of the product under a high potential is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to catalyst layer slurry for an enhanced oxygen transfer fuel cell, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the further development of hydrogen energy technology, hydrogen gas production, storage, transportation and gradual upgrade and opening up by the whole industrial chain, proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) as one of hydrogen gas terminal applications also enter the stage of rapid commercial development. The structure and performance of a Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) as a core component of a fuel cell directly affect the performance, life and stability of a fuel cell stack and a system.
The cathode and anode catalytic layers of the fuel cell respectively carry out oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen oxidation reaction under the catalysis of a noble metal catalyst or a noble metal alloy. The anode hydrogen oxidation reaction kinetics is fast under the working condition of the PEMFC, and the hydrogen oxidation reaction kinetics is 1A/cm 2 The overpotential under the electric density is only dozens of millivolts, but the kinetics of the cathode oxygen reduction reaction is slower, 1A/cm 2 The overpotential under the current density exceeds three hundred millivolts. The factors affecting MEA performance are mainly classified into the following three polarizations: oxygen reduction polarization, ohmic polarization, and transmission polarization. The three influencing factors are directly related to the MEA core raw material, the composition and preparation process of the catalyst layer slurry and the morphology structure of the catalyst layer, and particularly determine the performance of the fuel cell to a great extent through the electrochemical reaction process at the cathode side three-phase interface and the material transmission process of gas, charged ions and electrons. The oxygen/compressed air at the cathode side presents gradient distribution from the gas inlet to the cathode side catalyst layer, and the transmission resistance of the oxygen comprises the oxygen transmission resistance in the cathode side polar plate, the oxygen transmission resistance in the cathode side GDL, the oxygen transmission resistance in the cathode side catalyst layer body and the local oxygen transmission resistance of the cathode side catalyst layer ionomer membrane. The reduction of oxygen transmission resistance is beneficial to the improvement of electrochemical performance and power density of the product under high potential. Therefore, the development of a novel fuel cell catalyst layer slurry which has low oxygen transmission resistance and enhances oxygen transmission has important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a catalyst layer slurry for an enhanced oxygen transport fuel cell, and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose and achieve the technical effect, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an enhanced oxygen transport fuel cell catalyst layer slurry, the enhanced oxygen transport fuel cell catalyst layer slurry being prepared from raw materials comprising: the catalyst layer slurry of the enhanced oxygen transport fuel cell is obtained by performing tip ultrasonic, high-speed mechanical shearing and high-pressure homogenizing shearing on the ionomer dispersion, the catalyst, the deionized water and the solvent.
Further, the catalyst layer slurry of the enhanced oxygen transport fuel cell is obtained by performing tip ultrasonic treatment on an ionomer dispersion and a solvent, and then performing high-speed mechanical shearing and high-pressure homogeneous shearing treatment on the ionomer dispersion and the solvent, and the catalyst, deionized water and the solvent, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing a proper amount of ionomer dispersion and a proper amount of solvent, adding the solvent into the ionomer dispersion, and performing tip ultrasonic treatment in a closed stirring kettle to obtain first slurry;
s2: mixing the first slurry with a catalyst, deionized water and a solvent, and carrying out high-speed mechanical shearing treatment in a closed stirring kettle to obtain a second slurry;
s3: and (3) placing the second slurry into a hopper of a high-pressure homogenizing and dispersing device, adding a proper amount of solvent, and performing high-pressure homogenizing and shearing treatment to obtain the required slurry.
Further, in step S1, the process conditions of the tip ultrasonic treatment are as follows:
under the condition of 0-15 ℃ of circulating cooling water, performing tip ultrasonic treatment by using tip ultrasonic equipment, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 12-24kHz, the output power is 50% -90%, treating the mixed material for 10-30min, and uniformly mixing to obtain first slurry.
Further, in the step S1, the mass ratio of the ionomer dispersion liquid to the solvent is (0.1-10): 1, the ionomer dispersion liquid is one or a combination of several of commercial Nafion, aquivion, flemion and Aciplex, and the solvent is one or a combination of several of ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.
Further, in step S2, the process conditions of the high-speed mechanical shearing are as follows:
and stirring the materials for 30-90min under the condition of 0-15 ℃ of circulating cooling water and the high-shear process condition of 18-30m/s, and uniformly mixing to obtain second slurry.
Further, in the step S2, the mass ratio of the first slurry to the catalyst to the deionized water to the solvent is (10-20) to (1) (3-10) to (10-25), the catalyst is one or a combination of more of commercial Pt/C, ptCo/C, ptNi/C, ir/C, irRu/C and PtRu/C, and the solvent is one or a combination of more of ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.
Further, in the step S3, the mass ratio of the second slurry to the solvent is (1-10): 1, the solvent is one or a combination of several of ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and the solid content of the catalytic layer slurry of the enhanced oxygen transport fuel cell is 1-5%;
the technological parameters of high-pressure homogenizing shearing are as follows:
the shearing pressure is 400-1300bar, and the internal circulation shearing dispersion is 5-20 times.
An application of a catalyst layer slurry of an enhanced oxygen transmission fuel cell in a membrane electrode.
A method for applying catalytic layer slurry of an enhanced oxygen transmission fuel cell in a membrane electrode comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing a certain amount of ionomer dispersion, placing the ionomer dispersion in a closed stirring kettle, weighing a certain amount of solvent, adding the solvent into the ionomer dispersion, and performing tip ultrasonic treatment to obtain first slurry;
s2: placing the first slurry, a catalyst, deionized water and a solvent in a closed stirring kettle, and obtaining a second slurry through high-speed mechanical shearing treatment;
s3: placing the second slurry into a hopper of high-pressure homogenizing and dispersing equipment, adding a certain amount of solvent, and performing high-pressure homogenizing and shearing treatment to obtain the required slurry;
s4: taking the slurry obtained in the step S3 as cathode catalyst layer slurry, and spraying the cathode catalyst layer slurry to one side of a proton exchange membrane by adopting a spraying process to form a fuel cell cathode catalyst layer;
in a similar way, the slurry prepared in the step S1-S3 is used as anode catalyst layer slurry, and the anode catalyst layer slurry is sprayed to the other side opposite to the proton exchange membrane by adopting a spraying process to form a fuel cell anode catalyst layer;
finally, attaching the frame, the carbon paper and packaging to obtain a needed membrane electrode;
the manufacturing sequence of the fuel cell cathode catalyst layer and the fuel cell anode catalyst layer is not sequential.
Further, in step S4, the spraying loading capacity of the cathode catalyst layer slurry is 0.2-0.4mg/cm 2 The spraying loading capacity of the anode catalyst layer slurry is 0.05-0.12mg/cm 2 The spraying linear velocity is 50-200mm/s, the spraying pressure is 1-3bar, the spraying amount is 1-3mL/min, and the vacuum adsorption drying is carried out for 2-10min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method comprises the steps of obtaining first slurry with an ionomer main chain fully opened in a solvent system by using tip ultrasound, further adding a solvent, dissolving catalyst powder fully wetted by deionized water in the first slurry, obtaining second slurry with ionomer uniformly wrapping load-type precious metal particles under a high-speed mechanical shearing and dispersing condition, finally, continuously adding the solvent, obtaining target slurry with a uniform and stable slurry system under a high-pressure homogeneous shearing condition, obtaining slurry of a needed cathode and anode catalyst layer, and spraying by using a spraying process to obtain a membrane electrode product;
(2) The invention adopts a tip ultrasonic process, fully opens the main chain of the ionomer in different surface tension solvent systems, and effectively avoids the defects of poor product performance consistency and the like caused by ionomer aggregates in the cathode and anode catalyst layers;
(3) The carrier of the catalyst is a porous carbon carrier with a high specific surface, the supported noble metal catalyst particles obtained by using the porous carbon carrier with the high specific surface are fully and uniformly wrapped and mixed with the pre-dispersed ionomer macromolecules under the high-shear condition, and ionomer resin molecular chains are fully wound and crosslinked to obtain liquid-solid phase slurry uniformly dispersed in a bulk phase, so that the catalytic layer is not easy to generate cracks, pinholes, bubbles and other appearance defects in the drying process; solvents with different dielectric constants are further added, and under the condition of high-pressure homogeneous dispersion, slurry which is uniformly dispersed and has a stable system is obtained, so that the problems of slurry failure and the like caused by nonuniform slurry distribution due to sedimentation and redispersion in a slurry body phase in the subsequent use process are effectively avoided;
(4) The catalyst particles in the slurry body phase prepared by the invention are fully mixed, uniformly wrapped and stably dispersed with ionomer resin molecules, and the ionomer resin molecules are effectively crosslinked, so that the distribution of a three-phase mass transfer interface of a catalyst layer is optimized, more catalytic active sites are exposed, the utilization rate of the catalyst is improved, the resistance of oxygen transmission is reduced, and the electrochemical performance and the power density of the product under high potential are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of membrane electrodes prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the thickness of the membrane electrode at 25cm, provided in example 1 and comparative example 1 of the present invention 2 VI performance change curve chart and electric power density change curve chart of catalyst performance test process on the single-chip battery.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and thus the scope of the present invention can be clearly and clearly defined.
The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
Example 1
S1: weighing 5g of Nafion D2020 ionomer dispersion, placing the Nafion D2020 ionomer dispersion in a closed jacket stirring kettle, weighing 30g of ethylene glycol, adding the ethylene glycol into the ionomer dispersion, performing tip ultrasonic treatment by using tip ultrasonic equipment under the condition of circulating cooling water at 0-5 ℃, setting the ultrasonic frequency of 24kHz and the output power of 80%, treating the compound material for 10min, and uniformly mixing to obtain first slurry.
S2: weighing 2.92g of Pt/C catalyst with the noble metal loading of 50%, fully wetting and immersing the catalyst by 10g of deionized water, then adding the catalyst and 40g of ethylene glycol into the first slurry, stirring the compound material for 60min in a closed jacket stirring kettle under the condition of circulating cooling water at 0-5 ℃ by using the high-shear process condition of 22m/s, and uniformly mixing to obtain second slurry.
S3: and (3) placing the second slurry into a hopper of a high-pressure homogeneous dispersion device, further adding 44g of ethylene glycol, wherein the ratio of the second slurry to the ethylene glycol solvent is (1-10): 1, and internally and circularly shearing and dispersing for 10 times under the shearing pressure of 500bar to obtain the required slurry.
S4: and (3) using ultrasonic spraying equipment to spray the slurry obtained in the step (S3) as cathode catalyst layer slurry to one side of a proton exchange membrane as a cathode catalyst layer of the fuel cell, wherein the height of a sprayer is 30mm, the moving linear speed of the sprayer is 150mm/S, the pressure of a nozzle is 1.5bar, the spraying amount is 1.5mL/min, and the slurry is dried for 5min through vacuum adsorption.
Changing the catalyst into a Pt/C catalyst with the precious metal loading of 20%, repeating the steps S1-S3, using the prepared slurry as anode catalyst layer slurry, spraying the anode catalyst layer slurry to the other side opposite to the proton exchange membrane by using ultrasonic spraying equipment to serve as a fuel cell anode catalyst layer, wherein the height of a sprayer is 30mm, the moving linear speed of the sprayer is 150mm/S, the pressure of a nozzle is 1.5bar, the spraying amount is 1.5mL/min, and the vacuum adsorption drying is carried out for 5min.
Example 2
The difference between this example and example 1 is that the preparation method of the slurry of this example is different in the solvent and the process parameters, which are detailed in table 1.
The same as in example 1.
Example 3
The difference between this example and example 1 is that the preparation method of the slurry of this example is different in the solvent and the process parameters, which are detailed in table 1.
The same as in example 1.
Example 4
The difference between this example and example 1 is that the preparation method of the slurry of this example is different in the solvent and the process parameters, which are detailed in table 1.
The same as in example 1.
Example 5
The difference between this example and example 1 is that the preparation method of the slurry of this example has different solvents and process parameters, which are detailed in table 1.
The same as in example 1.
Example 6
The difference between this example and example 1 is that the preparation method of the slurry of this example is different in the solvent and the process parameters, which are detailed in table 1.
The same as in example 1.
The solvents and process parameters for the preparation of the slurries of examples 2-6 and example 1 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Comparative example 1
S1: weighing 2.92g of Pt/C catalyst with the noble metal loading capacity of 50%, fully wetting and immersing the catalyst by 10g of deionized water, weighing 5g of Nafion D2020 ionomer dispersion liquid and 70g of ethylene glycol, putting the dispersion liquid and the ethylene glycol together in a closed jacket stirring kettle, and stirring and mixing the compound material uniformly for 60min under the condition of circulating cooling water at 0-5 ℃ by using the high-shear process condition of 22m/s to obtain first slurry.
S2: and (3) placing the first slurry into a hopper of a high-pressure homogenizing and dispersing device, further adding 44g of ethylene glycol, and circularly shearing and dispersing for 10 times in a shearing pressure of 500bar to obtain a second slurry.
S3: preparing the second slurry into cathode catalyst layer slurry, spraying the cathode catalyst layer slurry onto one side of a proton exchange membrane by using ultrasonic spraying equipment to serve as a cathode catalyst layer of the fuel cell, wherein the height of a sprayer is 30mm, the moving linear speed of the sprayer is 150mm/s, the pressure of a nozzle is 1.5bar, the spraying amount is 1.5mL/min, and the cathode catalyst layer slurry is vacuum-adsorbed and dried for 5min.
S4, changing the catalyst into a Pt/C catalyst with the precious metal loading capacity of 20%, repeating the steps S1-S2, using the prepared slurry as anode catalyst layer slurry, spraying the anode catalyst layer slurry to the other side opposite to the proton exchange membrane by using ultrasonic spraying equipment, using the anode catalyst layer of the fuel cell, enabling the height of a sprayer to be 30mm, the moving linear speed of the sprayer to be 150mm/S, the pressure of a nozzle to be 1.5bar, the spraying amount to be 1.5mL/min, and carrying out vacuum adsorption drying for 5min.
The same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
S1: weighing 5g of Nafion D2020 ionomer slurry, placing the slurry in a closed jacket stirred tank, weighing 30g of ethylene glycol, adding the ethylene glycol into the ionomer dispersion, processing the compound material for 20min and uniformly mixing the compound material by using tip ultrasonic equipment with the frequency of 24kHz and the output power of 80% under the condition of circulating cooling water at the temperature of 0-5 ℃ to obtain first slurry.
S2: weighing 2.92g of Pt/C catalyst with the noble metal loading capacity of 50%, fully wetting and immersing the catalyst by 10g of deionized water, adding the catalyst and 84g of ethylene glycol into the first slurry together, and stirring and mixing the compound material uniformly for 60min under the condition of circulating cooling water at 0-5 ℃ by using the high-shear process condition of 22m/s to obtain second slurry.
S3: and spraying the second slurry serving as cathode catalyst layer slurry to one side of a proton exchange membrane serving as a cathode catalyst layer of the fuel cell by using ultrasonic spraying equipment, wherein the height of a sprayer is 30mm, the moving linear speed of the sprayer is 150mm/s, the pressure of a nozzle is 1.5bar, the spraying amount is 1.5mL/min, and the vacuum adsorption drying is carried out for 5min.
S4, changing the catalyst into a Pt/C catalyst with the precious metal loading of 20%, repeating the steps S1-S2, using the prepared second slurry as anode catalyst layer slurry, spraying the anode catalyst layer slurry to the other side, opposite to the proton exchange membrane, of the proton exchange membrane by using ultrasonic spraying equipment, using the anode catalyst layer of the fuel cell, wherein the height of a sprayer is 30mm, the moving linear speed of the sprayer is 150mm/S, the pressure of a nozzle is 1.5bar, the spraying amount is 1.5mL/min, and performing vacuum adsorption drying for 5min.
The same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
S1: weighing 5g of Nafion D2020 ionomer dispersion liquid, placing the Nafion D2020 ionomer dispersion liquid in a closed jacket stirring kettle, weighing 30g of ethylene glycol, adding the ethylene glycol into the ionomer dispersion liquid, processing the compound materials for 20min by using a tip ultrasonic device under the condition of circulating cooling water at 0-5 ℃, and uniformly mixing the compound materials at the frequency of 24kHz and the output power of 80% to obtain first slurry.
S2: weighing 2.92g of Pt/C catalyst with the noble metal loading of 50%, fully wetting and immersing the catalyst by 10g of deionized water, adding the catalyst and 84g of ethylene glycol into the first slurry to an internal jacket stirring kettle, and circularly shearing and dispersing for 10 times under the shearing pressure of 500bar under the condition of circulating cooling water at 0-5 ℃ to obtain second slurry.
S3: and spraying the second slurry serving as cathode catalyst layer slurry to one side of a proton exchange membrane by using ultrasonic spraying equipment to serve as a fuel cell cathode catalyst layer, wherein the height of a sprayer is 30mm, the moving linear speed of the sprayer is 150mm/s, the pressure of a nozzle is 1.5bar, the spraying amount is 1.5mL/min, and the vacuum adsorption drying is carried out for 5min.
S4, changing the catalyst into a Pt/C catalyst with the precious metal loading capacity of 20%, repeating the steps S1-S2, using the prepared second slurry as anode catalyst layer slurry, spraying the anode catalyst layer slurry to the other side, opposite to the proton exchange membrane, of the proton exchange membrane by using ultrasonic spraying equipment, using the anode catalyst layer of the fuel cell, wherein the height of a sprayer is 30mm, the moving linear speed of the sprayer is 150mm/S, the pressure of a nozzle is 1.5bar, the spraying amount is 1.5mL/min, and performing vacuum adsorption drying for 5min.
The same as in example 1.
The products obtained in the above examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3 are subjected to frame attaching, carbon paper and packaging to obtain a membrane electrode sample to be tested.
The membrane electrode performance test scheme is as follows:
1) High-purity hydrogen (1.5L/min) is distributed into the anode and air (2L/min) is distributed into the cathode, the relative humidity of the anode is set to be 20%, the humidity of the cathode is set to be 50%, the pile-entering pressure of the anode is 80kpa, the pile-entering pressure of the cathode is 70kpa, and the temperature of the galvanic pile is 75 ℃. And (3) loading to the maximum current, activating for 30min under the condition of hydrogen and oxygen with constant current, then switching the cathode into air, and testing to obtain the initial VI performance of the membrane electrode after the voltage is stable for about 15 min.
2) And high-purity hydrogen (0.5L/min) is distributed into the anode and air (0.5L/min) is distributed into the cathode, the relative humidity of the anode is set to be 45%, the humidity of the cathode is set to be 45%, the pile-entering pressure of the anode is 50kpa, the pile-entering pressure of the cathode is 50kpa, the temperature of the galvanic pile is 60 ℃, and the initial ECSA of the membrane electrode is obtained through testing.
The characterization parameters of each stage of the slurry obtained in example 1 are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
The membrane electrode sample characterization parameters of examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-3 are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
The results of summarizing the properties of the membrane electrodes prepared in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4
As can be seen from table 2, the first slurry resin particle size after the ionomer of example 1 is pre-dispersed by tip ultrasound can reach 300nm, i.e. the agglomerated ionomer molecular particles are fully dispersed and opened; after the catalyst and the solvent are added, a second slurry is obtained by using a high-shear process, so that catalyst particles and ionomer resin molecules can be uniformly wrapped and mixed, ionomer resin molecular chains are fully wound and crosslinked, and liquid-solid phase slurry uniformly dispersed in a bulk phase is obtained, wherein the particle size of the slurry is about 900nm; and further adding a solvent to adjust the Zeta potential of the system, obtaining the required slurry with stable bulk phase by using a high-pressure homogeneous dispersion process, and further dispersing and wrapping a solid-solid phase (catalyst particles-ionomer particles) in the slurry, wherein the Zeta potential of the slurry is 67mV which is doubled compared with that of the second slurry, and the particle size of the slurry is reduced by 22% compared with that of the second slurry.
According to table 3, it can be seen that in examples 1 to 3, under the same dispersion process conditions, different solvent systems have different effects on the solid-solid phase dispersion effect Dav and the slurry stability Zeta potential in the slurry, wherein the ethylene glycol has both low surface tension and high dielectric constant, so that the dispersed slurry system Dav is more uniform and smaller, and the Zeta potential is higher. In the same solvent system and different slurry dispersion processes in the embodiment 1 and the comparative examples 1 to 3, the combination of each step of the process and the equipment operation parameters of the slurry preparation method provided by the invention is optimized, and the catalytic layer slurry with more uniform distribution in a bulk phase, more sufficient crosslinking and more stable storage can be obtained.
According to table 4 and fig. 2, it can be seen that comparative examples 1 to 3 have different degrees of performance degradation over the entire range of the electrical density as compared with examples 1 to 6, and the degree of performance degradation is increased as the electrical density increases. Example 1 the electrochemical active area ECSA of the membrane electrode can reach 69cm 2 In contrast, the ECSA in comparative examples 1-3 was 31% to 39% lower than that in example 1. In the embodiment 1, the electrochemical performance of the membrane electrode can reach 0.752V @0.8A/cm 2 ，0.535V@2A/cm 2 While comparative examples 1-3 show a decrease in electrochemical performance of 30-50mV @0.8A/cm, respectively, under the same test conditions 2 、100-150mV@2A/cm 2 . Example 1 the peak power density of the membrane electrode can reach 1.07W/cm 2 While comparative example 1 is only 0.887W/cm 2 The membrane electrode is prepared based on the full mixing, uniform wrapping and stable dispersion of catalyst particles and ionomer resin molecules in the embodiment and effective crosslinking of the ionomer molecules, so that the distribution of a three-phase mass transfer interface of a catalyst layer is optimized, more catalytic active sites are exposed, the utilization rate of the catalyst is improved, the resistance of oxygen transmission is reduced, the electrochemical performance and the power density of a product under high potential are improved, and the catalytic performance can be further improvedThe reduction of the loading of noble metal provides a strong guarantee for the commercial development of the fuel cell.
Fig. 1 can show that, compared with comparative example 1, in example 1, the catalytic layer has more pore structures and more uniform size and distribution, and white agglomerated particle points can be seen on the surface of the catalytic layer by naked eyes, so that the preparation method provided by the invention is further proved to be effective in constructing an effective three-phase interface and enhancing the transmission characteristic of reaction oxygen.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following technical effects:
the sharp ultrasonic process fully opens the main chain of the ionomer in different surface tension solvent systems, thereby effectively avoiding the defects of poor product performance consistency and the like caused by ionomer aggregates in the cathode and anode catalyst layers;
under the condition of high shear, the supported noble metal catalyst particles prepared by the carbon carrier with high specific surface are fully and uniformly wrapped and mixed with the pre-dispersed ionomer molecules, and the ionomer resin molecules are fully wound and crosslinked to obtain the liquid-solid phase slurry uniformly dispersed in the bulk phase. The catalyst layer is not easy to generate cracks, pinholes, bubbles and other poor appearances in the drying process, solvents with different dielectric constants are further added, and the catalyst slurry which is uniformly dispersed and stable in system is obtained under the condition of high-pressure homogeneous dispersion, so that the problems of slurry invalidation and the like caused by nonuniform slurry distribution due to sedimentation and redispersion in the slurry body in the subsequent use process are effectively avoided. Catalyst particles and ionomer resin molecules in a catalyst layer slurry body phase prepared by the process are fully mixed, uniformly wrapped and stably dispersed, and the ionomer resin molecules are effectively crosslinked, so that the prepared membrane electrode optimizes the distribution of a three-phase mass transfer interface of the catalyst layer, exposes more catalytic active sites, improves the utilization rate of the catalyst, reduces the resistance of oxygen transmission, and realizes the improvement of the electrochemical performance and the power density of the product under high potential.
The parts or structures of the invention which are not described in detail can be the same as those in the prior art or the existing products, and are not described in detail herein.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The catalyst layer slurry for the enhanced oxygen transport fuel cell is characterized in that the catalyst layer slurry for the enhanced oxygen transport fuel cell is prepared from the following raw materials: the catalyst layer slurry of the enhanced oxygen transport fuel cell is obtained by performing tip ultrasonic, high-speed mechanical shearing and high-pressure homogeneous shearing treatment on the ionomer dispersion, the catalyst, the deionized water and the solvent.
2. The preparation method of the catalytic layer slurry for the enhanced oxygen transport fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the catalytic layer slurry for the enhanced oxygen transport fuel cell is obtained by performing tip ultrasound on an ionomer dispersion and a solvent, and performing high-speed mechanical shearing and high-pressure homogeneous shearing on the ionomer dispersion and the solvent, and then performing high-speed mechanical shearing and high-pressure homogeneous shearing on the ionomer dispersion and the solvent, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing a proper amount of ionomer dispersion and a proper amount of solvent, adding the solvent into the ionomer dispersion, and performing tip ultrasonic treatment in a closed stirring kettle to obtain first slurry;
s2: mixing the first slurry with a catalyst, deionized water and a solvent, and performing high-speed mechanical shearing treatment in a closed stirring kettle to obtain a second slurry;
s3: and (3) placing the second slurry into a hopper of a high-pressure homogenizing and dispersing device, adding a proper amount of solvent, and performing high-pressure homogenizing and shearing treatment to obtain the required slurry.
3. The preparation method of the catalytic layer slurry of the enhanced oxygen transport fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein in the step S1, the process conditions of the tip ultrasonic treatment are as follows:
under the condition of 0-15 ℃ of circulating cooling water, performing tip ultrasonic treatment by using tip ultrasonic equipment, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 12-24kHz, the output power is 50% -90%, treating the mixed material for 10-30min, and uniformly mixing to obtain first slurry.
4. The preparation method of the catalyst layer slurry for the enhanced oxygen transport fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein in the step S1, the mass ratio of the ionomer dispersion liquid to the solvent is (0.1-10): 1, the ionomer dispersion liquid is one or a combination of several of commercial Nafion, aquivion, flemion and Aciplex, and the solvent is one or a combination of several of ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.
5. The preparation method of the catalyst layer slurry for the enhanced oxygen transport fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein in the step S2, the process conditions of the high-speed mechanical shearing are as follows:
and stirring the materials for 30-90min under the condition of 0-15 ℃ of circulating cooling water and the high-shear process condition of 18-30m/s, and uniformly mixing to obtain second slurry.
6. The preparation method of the catalyst layer slurry for the enhanced oxygen transport fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein in the step S2, the mass ratio of the first slurry to the catalyst to the deionized water to the solvent is (10-20) to (1) (3-10) to (10-25), the catalyst is one or a combination of several of commercial Pt/C, ptCo/C, ptNi/C, ir/C, irRu/C and PtRu/C, and the solvent is one or a combination of several of ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.
7. The preparation method of the catalyst layer slurry for the enhanced oxygen transport fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein in the step S3, the mass ratio of the second slurry to the solvent is (1-10): 1, the solvent is one or a combination of ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and the solid content of the catalyst layer slurry for the enhanced oxygen transport fuel cell is 1-5%;
the technological parameters of high-pressure homogenizing shearing are as follows:
the shearing pressure is 400-1300bar, and the internal circulation shearing dispersion is 5-20 times.
8. Use of a catalytic layer slurry according to any of claims 1 to 7 in a membrane electrode assembly for an enhanced oxygen transport fuel cell.
9. The method for applying the catalytic layer slurry of the enhanced oxygen transport fuel cell in the membrane electrode according to claim 8, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: weighing a certain amount of ionomer dispersion, placing the ionomer dispersion in a closed stirring kettle, weighing a certain amount of solvent, adding the solvent into the ionomer dispersion, and performing tip ultrasonic treatment to obtain first slurry;
s2: placing the first slurry, a catalyst, deionized water and a solvent in a closed stirring kettle, and obtaining a second slurry through high-speed mechanical shearing treatment;
s3: placing the second slurry into a hopper of high-pressure homogenizing and dispersing equipment, adding a certain amount of solvent, and performing high-pressure homogenizing and shearing treatment to obtain the required slurry;
s4: spraying the slurry obtained in the step S3 serving as cathode catalyst layer slurry to one side of a proton exchange membrane by adopting a spraying process to form a fuel cell cathode catalyst layer;
in a similar way, the slurry prepared in the step S1-S3 is used as anode catalyst layer slurry, and is sprayed to the other side opposite to the proton exchange membrane by adopting a spraying process to form a fuel cell anode catalyst layer;
finally, attaching the frame, the carbon paper and packaging to obtain a needed membrane electrode;
the manufacturing sequence of the fuel cell cathode catalyst layer and the fuel cell anode catalyst layer is not sequential.
10. The method for applying the catalytic layer slurry to the membrane electrode of the fuel cell for enhancing oxygen transfer according to claim 9, wherein in the step S4, the spraying loading of the cathode catalytic layer slurry is 0.2-0.4mg/cm 2 The spraying loading capacity of the anode catalyst layer slurry is 0.05-0.12mg/cm 2 The spraying linear velocity is 50-200mm/s, the spraying pressure is 1-3bar, the spraying amount is 1-3mL/min, and the vacuum adsorption drying is carried out for 2-10min.
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| US20180183083A1 (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-06-28 | Hyundai Motor Company | Cathode for fuel cells and method of manufacturing membrane electrode assembly having the same |
| CN111952611A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-17 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | Catalyst slurry for fuel cell, preparation method thereof and membrane electrode |
| CN114039059A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2022-02-11 | 海卓动力(上海)能源科技有限公司 | Preparation method of fuel cell membrane electrode catalyst slurry |
| CN114243034A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-25 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Anti-precipitation catalyst slurry and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20180183083A1 (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-06-28 | Hyundai Motor Company | Cathode for fuel cells and method of manufacturing membrane electrode assembly having the same |
| CN111952611A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-17 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | Catalyst slurry for fuel cell, preparation method thereof and membrane electrode |
| CN114039059A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2022-02-11 | 海卓动力(上海)能源科技有限公司 | Preparation method of fuel cell membrane electrode catalyst slurry |
| CN114243034A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-25 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Anti-precipitation catalyst slurry and preparation method thereof |
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