CN115291058B - Method for acquiring breakdown characteristics of short-gap air insulation under action of nonstandard shock waves - Google Patents
Method for acquiring breakdown characteristics of short-gap air insulation under action of nonstandard shock waves Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
- G01R31/1281—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of liquids or gases
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/14—Circuits therefor, e.g. for generating test voltages, sensing circuits
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/16—Construction of testing vessels; Electrodes therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for acquiring breakdown characteristics of short-gap air insulation under the action of nonstandard shock waves, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: generating standard double-exponential waves and nonstandard waves to act on short-gap air insulation, and recording voltage-breakdown probability data corresponding to different waveforms; based on the data of voltage-breakdown probability, a fault risk rate curve of short-gap air insulation under the action of different waveforms is prepared, and the abscissa of the fault risk rate curve corresponds to voltage and breakdown probability respectively. The air gap characteristic is obtained based on probability density distribution of the actually measured overvoltage of the system, fills the gap that a statistical insulation matching method cannot be used because the statistical rule of the invasion overvoltage and the breakdown characteristic of equipment insulation cannot be obtained at the same time in the national standard, quantitatively provides insulation matching data reference for the system, and further can provide a theoretical basis for on-line monitoring of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of insulation characteristic research, and particularly relates to a breakdown characteristic of short-gap air insulation under the action of nonstandard shock waves.
Background
When the power grid is rapidly developed and is used as a transformer substation of the power grid heart, if part of the transformer substation is insulated, great loss is caused to the transformer substation, whether economy or society is stable. Therefore, the method has strong social significance for improving the insulation performance of equipment in the transformer substation. According to foreign researches, lightning overvoltage is a factor which mainly threatens insulation safety for 220KV and below power systems, and operation overvoltage is a main consideration for insulation selection for 220KV and above systems. However, in order to ensure the safety and reliability of the power system, it is necessary to study the influence of the invasion surge voltage on the air insulation, regardless of the voltage class of the system.
The waveforms of the overvoltage and the research on typical insulation breakdown characteristics under the action of different waveforms are important basis for the selection of insulation fit. However, in a large power grid in actual operation, the waveform or the characteristics and the distribution characteristics of the overvoltage, particularly the surge voltage, are difficult to determine, so that the actual situation cannot be completely simulated by testing standard shock waves used in the insulation test, and a plurality of holes exist in the selection of the insulation fit. The discharge characteristics of the existing support insulation fit are mainly dependent on standard waveforms specified by IEC60060-1 and IEEE Std 4-2016. The overvoltage born by the actual equipment is obviously different from the standard waveform in waveform parameters (oscillation frequency and attenuation coefficient) or other characteristics, and the insulation characteristic of the non-standard waveform born by the actual transformer substation and the equipment is far insufficient due to the lack of characteristics and statistical rules of the voltage born by the actual transformer substation and the equipment. Therefore, the research on the breakdown characteristics of air insulation under the action of non-standard waves plays an important role in insulation fit.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides breakdown characteristics for short gap air insulation under non-standard shock wave action.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a method for acquiring breakdown characteristics of short-gap air insulation under the action of nonstandard shock waves comprises the following steps:
generating standard double-exponential waves and nonstandard waves to act on short-gap air insulation, and recording voltage-breakdown probability data corresponding to different waveforms;
based on the data of voltage-breakdown probability, a fault risk rate curve of short-gap air insulation under the action of different waveforms is prepared, and the abscissa of the fault risk rate curve corresponds to voltage and breakdown probability respectively.
Preferably, it further comprises:
based on the gaps of different air insulations, a fault risk rate characteristic difference curve under the action of non-standard waves and standard waves is prepared, and the abscissa of the fault risk rate characteristic difference curve corresponds to the gaps of the air insulations and the fault risk rates respectively.
Preferably, the voltage-breakdown probability data is converted into standard atmospheric pressure, and the fault risk rate is calculated by the methodObtained by the formula:
P dx ＝d(x)·D(x)·dx
wherein P is dx The voltage-breakdown fault risk rate is represented, d (x) represents a fault risk rate equation obtained through the test, and a fault risk rate curve is represented; d (x) represents the measured overvoltage probability density equation; x is x 1 、x 2 Two oscillation damping impulse voltage amplitudes are shown.
The measured overvoltage probability density equation D (x) is obtained by:
where x represents the magnitude of the voltage, a represents the scaling factor, c represents the first shape parameter, and k represents the second shape parameter.
Preferably, it further comprises:
and (3) putting the fault risk rate characteristic difference curves corresponding to different waveforms into a coordinate graph, and comparing the air insulation characteristic differences under the action of non-standard waveforms.
Preferably, it further comprises:
changing single parameters of non-standard waves, obtaining an influence rule of the single parameters on the air gap fault risk rate, and drawing a single parameter influence characteristic curve; the abscissa of the influence characteristic curve corresponds to a single parameter and a fault risk rate respectively; the single parameters are as follows: a frequency or decay constant; wherein:
the frequency-failure risk ratio mapping equation expression is:
F(f)＝α 0 +α 1 f+α 2 f 2 +α 3 f 3 +α 4 f 4 +α 5 f 5
wherein alpha is 0 -α 0 Representing fitting parameters, wherein F represents frequency, and F (F) represents fault risk rate corresponding to the frequency;
the decay constant-fault risk ratio mapping equation expression is:
F(α)＝f 0 +f 1 α+f 2 α 2 +f 3 α 3
wherein f 0 -f 3 The fitting parameters are represented, alpha represents the decay constant, and F (alpha) represents the failure risk rate corresponding to the decay constant.
Preferably, it further comprises:
carrying out dimension lifting treatment on the single-parameter influence characteristic curve to obtain a three-dimensional double-parameter influence characteristic surface; the double parameters are as follows: frequency and decay constant.
Preferably, the dimension-increasing treatment comprises the following specific processes: by an intermediate functionAs a transition equation that "double parameter-failure risk rate" affects resolution:
where α is an attenuation constant, and the coefficient A, B, C, D of the three-dimensional analytical expression is controlled by the change of the attenuation constant, to obtain the following analytical expression:
by means of this formula, a three-dimensional map under the influence of the double parameter is depicted, wherein,excessive->The fault risk rate corresponding to the frequency and the attenuation constant in the three-dimensional space is represented, and f represents the frequency.
Preferably, the standard double exponential wave and the nonstandard wave are generated based on a high-pressure impact test platform, and the high-pressure impact test platform comprises: three major parts of system, impulse voltage generator, test tank body are surveyed, wherein: the surge voltage generator includes: the device comprises a power supply module, a standard exponential wave module and a damping oscillation wave module; the measurement system includes: a computer console, an oscilloscope; specific:
the computer control console is connected with the impulse voltage generator and sends a trigger signal and a control signal to the impulse voltage generator, the power module is started after the impulse voltage generator receives the trigger signal, the impulse voltage generator is selectively connected with the standard exponential wave module or the damping shock wave module according to the control signal, and the standard exponential wave module and the damping shock wave module are connected with the test tank body; the test tank body is provided with a needle electrode and a plate electrode, and the gap between the needle electrode and the plate electrode is arranged to simulate air insulation; the high-voltage divider is connected in parallel with the two ends of the needle electrode and the plate electrode, and is connected with the oscilloscope for displaying, and the oscilloscope is also connected with the computer control console for data summarizing.
Preferably, the voltage-breakdown probability data are converted under the standard atmospheric pressure condition, and Boltzmann function fitting is adopted to prepare a fault risk rate curve of short-gap air insulation under different wave forms.
The beneficial effects of the invention are that
The air gap characteristic is obtained based on probability density distribution of the actually measured overvoltage of the system, fills the gap that a statistical insulation matching method cannot be used because the statistical rule of the invasion overvoltage and the breakdown characteristic of equipment insulation cannot be obtained at the same time in the national standard, quantitatively provides insulation matching data reference for the system, and further can provide a theoretical basis for on-line monitoring of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of a high-pressure impact test platform
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the connection of a high-voltage impact test platform
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the variation of breakdown probability curves under the action of different waveforms
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the comparison of failure risk ratio characteristics under the action of non-standard wave and standard wave
FIG. 5 is a graph of "single parameter (frequency) -failure risk ratio" characteristics
FIG. 6 is a graph of "Single parameter (decay constant) -failure Risk" characteristics
FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional characteristic diagram of "double parameter-failure risk ratio
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting, so that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention and practice it.
Example 1
The preparation method of the modified insulating oil comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a high-voltage impact test platform taking a MARX loop as a main body, wherein the application range of a wave tail resistor is 10-10000 omega, the inductance range is 40 mu H-1.011mH, the oscillation capacitance is 0.15 mu F, the generated standard double-exponential wave and nonstandard wave have the double-exponential wave attenuation constant of 0.2-0.8 and the frequency of 4-18.38kHz, and applying various waveforms to a needle plate gap to perform high-voltage impact test, such as a 1-MARX loop, a 2-booster, a 3-grounding piece, a 4-tank valve, a 5-needle electrode, a 6-plate electrode, a 7-air gap high-voltage end interface, an 8-voltage divider, a 9-oscilloscope, a 10-computer console, a D-high-voltage silicon stack, a C0-charging capacitor, rf and Rw-wave head resistors, rt-wave tail resistors, a C1-wave head capacitor, L-oscillation inductance) and a 2 are shown in the figure; the high-pressure impact test platform comprises: three major parts of system, impulse voltage generator, test tank body are surveyed, wherein: the surge voltage generator includes: the device comprises a power supply module, a standard exponential wave module and a damping oscillation wave module; the measurement system includes: a computer console, an oscilloscope; specific:
the computer control console is connected with the impulse voltage generator and sends a trigger signal and a control signal to the impulse voltage generator, the power module is started after the impulse voltage generator receives the trigger signal, the impulse voltage generator is selectively connected with the standard exponential wave module or the damping oscillating wave module according to the control signal (the waveform appearance of the damping oscillating wave is described by the wave head time, the oscillating frequency and the damping constant), and the standard exponential wave module and the damping oscillating wave module are connected with the test tank body; the test tank body is provided with a needle electrode and a plate electrode (preferably, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the needle-plate gap are all copper electrodes, the needle-plate gap is placed in a shielding metal cover to reduce external interference and external radiation), and the needle electrode and the plate electrode are arranged to simulate air insulation; the high-voltage divider is connected in parallel with the two ends of the needle electrode and the plate electrode, and is connected with the oscilloscope for displaying, and the oscilloscope is also connected with the computer control console for data summarizing.
Preferably, in the step s1, a test method of calculating probability of multiple breakdown is adopted, that is, each time a kind of impact waveform is generated, the impact waveform is applied to an air gap (20 mm), voltage amplitude with breakdown probability of 0 is found by adjusting pressurizing time, voltage is further increased by taking 1kV as step length, and the corresponding breakdown probability under each voltage amplitude is recorded. And (3) performing 20 impact tests when determining a voltage amplitude, and dividing the breakdown times n by 20 to obtain the breakdown probability under the action of the sub-waveform sub-voltage amplitude.
Wherein, each breakdown test needs to be separated by 0.5-1min, so that the air medium is ensured to be completely recovered and then the next pressurization impact test is carried out.
S2, standard atmospheric pressure conversion is carried out on the test data obtained in the step S1, and the failure risk rate of the air gap under the action of each waveform is calculated by combining the converted data with a failure risk rate calculation method based on the 10kV actual measurement overvoltage probability density distribution. The overvoltage probability density distribution is:
based on the above formula, a conditional probability calculation method is adopted to calculate the fault risk rate under the action of a certain waveform:
P dx ＝d(x 1 )·D(x 1 )·dx
where D (x) represents the experimentally derived breakdown probability characteristic equation and D (x) represents the measured overvoltage probability density equation.
s3, comparing the difference of air insulation characteristics under the action of non-standard waves by drawing a breakdown probability characteristic curve and a fault risk rate curve of the air gap under the action of different waveforms, as shown in fig. 3 and 4;
s4, changing single parameters of non-standard waves, wherein the frequency range is 4-18.38kHz, the attenuation constant is 0.2-0.8, obtaining the influence rule of the single parameters on the air gap fault risk rate, and drawing influence characteristic curves, as shown in fig. 5 and 6.
And s5, carrying out dimension lifting treatment on the single-parameter influence characteristic curve in s4 to obtain a three-dimensional double-parameter influence characteristic surface as shown in fig. 7.
The specific steps of the high-pressure impact test in this example 1 are: first, a waveform of a fixed parameter is determined, and the gap distance is adjusted to 20mm. The voltage value was changed in 1kV units to find a breakdown voltage of approximately 0% (i.e., the air gap did not break down at this voltage amplitude) and this was taken as the starting voltage value. Starting the test from the initial voltage, changing the voltage in 1kV units, testing 20 times for each voltage value, dividing the breakdown times by 20 to obtain the breakdown probability under the voltage, and not continuing to increase the voltage until the breakdown voltage reaches 100%. And drawing a failure probability characteristic curve of the secondary waveform at the interval according to the test data.
Fig. 3 shows the breakdown probability characteristics of the air gap under standard surge voltage (light blue) and non-standard surge voltage, from which it is seen that the breakdown voltage of the air gap under non-standard surge will be reduced by 8-12kV.
And (3) carrying out fault risk rate calculation on the data in the step (s 1) according to the method in the step (s 2) to obtain the fault risk rate of the air gap under the action of each waveform. The fault risk rates under the action of different waveforms are fitted into characteristic curves and drawn on a graph, as shown in fig. 4, it can be seen that the fault risk rate of the air gap under the action of non-standard waves is improved, that is, the probability of the air gap under the action of non-standard waves is higher.
Changing the non-standard waveform parameters, enabling the frequency range to be changed between 4 kHz and 18.38kHz, enabling the attenuation constant to be changed between 0.2 kHz and 0.8 kHz, repeating the steps of s1 s2 and s2 to obtain the influence rule of a single parameter on the air gap fault risk rate, and drawing an influence characteristic curve, as shown in figure 5. As can be seen from fig. 5, as the frequency increases, the risk failure rate shows a trend of oscillation rise, and as the damping constant is larger, the influence of the frequency is more limited; as can be seen from fig. 6, the failure risk rate and the decay constant are inversely related, and the decay constant in this range has little effect on the failure risk rate over the transition period.
And (3) carrying out coefficient dimension-lifting processing on the single parameter-fault risk rate influence analysis type in s4, wherein the process is as follows:
by an intermediate functionAs a transition equation that "double parameter-failure risk rate" affects resolution:
wherein α is an attenuation constant, and the coefficient of the three-dimensional analytical formula is controlled by the variation of the attenuation constant, thereby obtaining the following analytical formula:
by this formula, a three-dimensional map under the influence of the double parameters can be drawn, as shown in fig. 7. Error analysis is carried out on the fault risk rate of the air gap under the action of the randomly selected waveform parameters and the fault risk rate in the three-dimensional graph, and the error analysis is shown in the following table:
table 1 analysis of three-dimensional failure risk ratio prediction error under different waveforms
The law of influence of the waveform parameters on the risk of air gap failure over the full range of parameters is clearly seen in fig. 7, where the risk of failure is in transition and there is a depressed failure well in the range of the decay constant 0.4-0.65.
In conclusion, the breakdown characteristic difference of the air insulation of the short gap under the non-standard wave effect can be well described, the difference of the system insulation under the non-standard wave effect is fully proved, and the method has industrial application value in the aspect of insulation fit in the field of power systems.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully explaining the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions and modifications will occur to those skilled in the art based on the present invention, and are intended to be within the scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for acquiring breakdown characteristics of short-gap air insulation under the action of nonstandard shock waves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
generating standard double-exponential waves and nonstandard waves to act on short-gap air insulation, and recording voltage-breakdown probability data corresponding to different waveforms;
based on the data of voltage-breakdown probability, a fault risk rate curve of short-gap air insulation under the action of different waveforms is prepared, wherein the abscissa of the fault risk rate curve corresponds to voltage and breakdown probability respectively;
the method further comprises the steps of:
based on the gaps of different air insulations, a fault risk rate characteristic difference curve under the action of non-standard waves and standard waves is prepared, and the abscissa of the fault risk rate characteristic difference curve corresponds to the gaps of the air insulations and the fault risk rates respectively;
standard atmospheric pressure conversion is carried out on the data of voltage-breakdown probability, and the fault risk rate is calculatedObtained by the formula:
P dx ＝d(x)·D(x)·dx
wherein P is dx The voltage-breakdown fault risk rate is represented, d (x) represents a fault risk rate equation obtained through the test, and a fault risk rate curve is represented; d (x) represents the measured overvoltage probability density equation; x is x 1 、x 2 Representing two oscillation damping impulse voltage amplitudes;
the measured overvoltage probability density equation D (x) is obtained by:
wherein x represents the amplitude of the voltage, a represents a scaling factor, c represents a first shape parameter, and k represents a second shape parameter;
the method further comprises the steps of:
changing single parameters of non-standard waves, obtaining an influence rule of the single parameters on the air gap fault risk rate, and drawing a single parameter influence characteristic curve; the abscissa of the influence characteristic curve corresponds to a single parameter and a fault risk rate respectively; the single parameters are as follows: a frequency or decay constant; wherein:
the frequency-failure risk ratio mapping equation expression is:
F(f)＝a 0 +a 1 f+a 2 f 2 +a 3 f 3 +a 4 f 4 +a 5 f 5
wherein a is 0 -a 5 Representing fitting parameters, wherein F represents frequency, and F (F) represents fault risk rate corresponding to the frequency;
the decay constant-fault risk ratio mapping equation expression is:
F(α)＝f 0 +f 1 α+f 2 α 2 +f 3 α 3
wherein f 0 -f 3 Representing fitting parameters, alpha represents a decay constant, and F (alpha) represents a fault risk rate corresponding to the decay constant;
the method further comprises the steps of:
carrying out dimension lifting treatment on the single-parameter influence characteristic curve to obtain a three-dimensional double-parameter influence characteristic surface; the double parameters are as follows: frequency and decay constant;
the dimension-increasing treatment comprises the following specific processes: by an intermediate functionAs a transition equation that "double parameter-failure risk rate" affects resolution:
where α is an attenuation constant, and the coefficient A, B, C, D of the three-dimensional analytical expression is controlled by the change of the attenuation constant, to obtain the following analytical expression:
by means of this formula, a three-dimensional map under the influence of the double parameter is depicted, wherein,excessive->The fault risk rate corresponding to the frequency and the attenuation constant in the three-dimensional space is represented, and f represents the frequency.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises:
and (3) putting the fault risk rate characteristic difference curves corresponding to different waveforms into a coordinate graph, and comparing the air insulation characteristic differences under the action of non-standard waveforms.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the standard bi-exponential wave and the non-standard wave are generated based on a high pressure impact test platform comprising: three major parts of system, impulse voltage generator, test tank body are surveyed, wherein: the surge voltage generator includes: the device comprises a power supply module, a standard exponential wave module and a damping oscillation wave module; the measurement system includes: a computer console, an oscilloscope; specific:
the computer control console is connected with the impulse voltage generator and sends a trigger signal and a control signal to the impulse voltage generator, the power module is started after the impulse voltage generator receives the trigger signal, the impulse voltage generator is selectively connected with the standard exponential wave module or the damping shock wave module according to the control signal, and the standard exponential wave module and the damping shock wave module are connected with the test tank body; the test tank body is provided with a needle electrode and a plate electrode, and the gap between the needle electrode and the plate electrode is arranged to simulate air insulation; the high-voltage divider is connected in parallel with the two ends of the needle electrode and the plate electrode, and is connected with the oscilloscope for displaying, and the oscilloscope is also connected with the computer control console for data summarizing.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the voltage-breakdown probability data is converted under standard atmospheric pressure conditions, and a boltzmann function fitting is adopted to obtain a fault risk rate curve of short-gap air insulation under different waveform actions.
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