CN115289393B - 基于中深层干热岩的地热能压缩二氧化碳储能系统及方法 - Google Patents
基于中深层干热岩的地热能压缩二氧化碳储能系统及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 314
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
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- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于中深层干热岩的地热能压缩二氧化碳储能系统及方法,适用于地热能利用和储能技术领域。本发明所采用的技术方案是:该系统包括:二氧化碳存储库,用于存储二氧化碳;二氧化碳压缩装置,经压缩机进气管连通所述二氧化碳存储库,用于在外部多余电量驱动下的从所述二氧化碳存储库吸收二氧化碳并压缩成高压二氧化碳;储气装置,经压缩机出气管连通所述二氧化碳压缩装置,用于提供高压存储环境,在高压存储环境下以液态形式存储二氧化碳压缩装置输出的高压二氧化碳;干热岩换热管,经导气管Ⅱ连通所述储气装置;膨胀机,其进气口经干热岩出气管连通所述干热岩换热管,其出气口经膨胀机出气管连通所述二氧化碳存储库。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于中深层干热岩的地热能压缩二氧化碳储能系统及方法。适用于地热能利用和储能技术领域。
背景技术
为保证能源安全以及缓解日益凸显的环境污染问题,近年来大力发展以风能和太阳能为代表的新能源。风能和太阳能具有随机性和波动性,给电网的安全稳定运行带来了巨大挑战。储能技术能够有效解决这一问题,而压缩气体储能系统作为最有前景的物理储能技术之一,是当前研究的热点。
压缩气体储能系统中的压缩二氧化碳储能系统为二氧化碳捕集存储以及利用提供了一种新的途径,并且其容易液化,可以做到更小的系统体积在最近几年得到了广泛的关注。然而压缩二氧化碳系统初期投资高,建设成本大是目前亟需解决的主要问题之一。需要缩减系统面积,使其便于标准化和模块化的建设,从而更好的推广利用。
同时压缩二氧化碳储能系统释能过程中需要利用储热罐和储冷罐,将二氧化碳液化并吸收其中的冷热能,从而更好地回收利用能源,但是储热罐和储冷罐不仅增加了投资,而且存在能量的消耗和浪费。而地热能作为一种清洁能源,具有无排放无污染等优点,并且具有较高的稳定性。若提取地热能为压缩二氧化碳储能系统补热,可以简化系统的布置,提高经济性。
碳捕集与封存技术是目前大力发展第一种技术,它是指通过工程技术手段将工业源排放的二氧化碳捕集后,经提纯压缩,利用公路或管道等运输并注入至地下800米深的咸水层、油气藏等,从而实现其与大气长期隔绝的过程。在800米深度以下,二氧化碳会进入到超临界状态,这时的体积大约是标准大气压下的四百分之一,因而使得同样的空间能够封存更多的二氧化碳。将埋于地下的二氧化碳进行再利用,是提高能源利用效率的一个可行思路。
同样的干热岩是新兴地热能源,是一般温度大于180℃,埋深数千米,内部不存在流体或仅有少量地下流体(致密不透水)的高温岩体。我国干热岩存量巨大,干热岩资源量约合856万亿吨标准煤,占世界资源量的1/6左右,有望成为战略性接替能源。
同时利用地下的二氧化碳和干热岩,在施工中可以同步开展,具有经济性而且缩减地上的系统布置,减少占地面积。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:针对上述存在的问题,提供一种基于中深层干热岩的地热能压缩二氧化碳储能系统及方法。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种基于中深层干热岩的地热能压缩二氧化碳储能系统,其特征在于,包括:
二氧化碳存储库,用于存储二氧化碳;
二氧化碳压缩装置,经压缩机进气管连通所述二氧化碳存储库,用于在外部多余电量驱动下的从所述二氧化碳存储库吸收二氧化碳并压缩成高压二氧化碳;
储气装置,经压缩机出气管连通所述二氧化碳压缩装置,用于提供高压存储环境,在高压存储环境下以液态形式存储二氧化碳压缩装置输出的高压二氧化碳;
干热岩换热管,经导气管Ⅱ连通所述储气装置,用于将储气装置输出的高压二氧化碳加热成高温高压二氧化碳;
膨胀机,其进气口经干热岩出气管连通所述干热岩换热管,其出气口经膨胀机出气管连通所述二氧化碳存储库,用于由干热岩换热管输出的高温高压二氧化碳带动做功,从而带动发电机发电。
所述二氧化碳压缩装置包括压缩机和驱动压缩机工作的电动机,电动机电路连接用于对输入电流进行调频的超级电容器。
所述压缩机出气管依次经三通阀Ⅰ和导气管Ⅰ连通所述储气装置,三通阀Ⅰ经导气管Ⅱ连通所述干热岩换热管。
所述储气装置具有储气罐Ⅰ、Ⅱ和三通阀Ⅱ,其中三通阀Ⅱ的第一端连通所述导气管Ⅰ,三通阀Ⅱ的第二端连通储气罐Ⅰ,该三通阀Ⅱ的第三端连通储气罐Ⅱ。
所述干热岩换热管沿压缩空气流动方向分为从地面延伸至地下中深层干热岩的进气段、位于中深层干热岩的换热段和从中深层干热岩延伸至地面的出气段,其中进气段和出气段上包裹保温防护套管,换热段包裹高导热套管。
所述保温防护套管采用二氧化硅气凝胶或玻璃棉制成。
所述高导热套管采用高导热石墨块制成。
一种所述基于中深层干热岩的地热能压缩二氧化碳储能系统的工作方法,其特征在于:
A、压缩二氧化碳储能工作状态:
二氧化碳压缩装置在外部多余电量驱动下从二氧化碳存储库吸收二氧化碳并压缩成高压二氧化碳;
二氧化碳压缩装置生成的高压二氧化碳输送至储气装置进行存储,储气装置内的压力设定值为7.14MPa以上,使得二氧化碳被压缩到液态;
B、高压二氧化碳发电工作状态:
储气装置内存储的高压二氧化碳在压差作用下进入干热岩换热管,高压二氧化碳在干热岩换热管内与中深层干热岩换热,形成高温高压二氧化碳;
干热岩换热管生成的高温高压二氧化碳进入膨胀机,带动膨胀机作用,从而经膨胀机带动发电机发电。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明通过二氧化碳压缩装置配合储气装置将外部多余电能转化为高压二氧化碳的内能,通过干热岩换热管将高压二氧化碳变为高温高压二氧化碳,利用高温高压二氧化碳带动膨胀机,从而带动发电机发电,结构简单,施工方便,成本较低。
本发明充分利用中深层干热岩的热能,取代了传统压缩二氧化碳储能的储热罐和储冷罐,节省投资和成本,使系统简化,利用清洁能源不消耗额外能源,非常节能。
本发明充分利用深埋地下的二氧化碳,实现二氧化碳的闭环高效利用,具有绿色环保的效益;
本发明系统节省了投资和占地面积,布置更加紧凑,也缩短了施工时间,布置方便;整个系统便于模块化和标准化布置,节省地面上空间。
附图说明
图1为实施例的结构示意图。
1、清洁能源连接线;2、超级电容器;3、清洁能源稳流电出口线;4、电动机;5、压缩机;6、传动结构;7、压缩机进气管;8、压缩机出气管;9、二氧化碳存储库;10、三通阀I;11、导气管I;12、导气管II;13、三通阀II;14、储气罐导气管I;15、储气罐导气管II;16、储气罐I;17、储气罐II;18、干热岩换热管;19、保温防护套管;20、高导热套管;21、干热岩出气管;22、膨胀机;23、电磁感应线;24、发动机;25、供电线;26、膨胀机出气管;27、控制中心。
具体实施方式
本实施例为一种基于中深层干热岩的地热能压缩二氧化碳储能系统,包括:控制中心、二氧化碳存储库、二氧化碳压缩装置、储气装置、干热岩换热管、膨胀机和发电机。
本例中二氧化碳存储库布置于地下,用于存储在膨胀机内做完功的二氧化碳。
本实施例中二氧化碳压缩装置包括电动机和与电动机经传动结构传动连接的压缩机,电动机经清洁能源稳流电出口线电路连接超级电容器,超级电容器连接清洁能源连接线。压缩机经压缩机进气管连通二氧化碳存储库,经压缩机出气管连通储气装置。
本实施例中储气装置具有储气罐Ⅰ、Ⅱ和三通阀Ⅱ,其中储气罐Ⅰ、Ⅱ埋于浅层地下,三通阀Ⅱ的第一端连通经导气管Ⅰ和三通阀Ⅰ连通压缩机出气管,三通阀Ⅱ的第二端经储气罐导气管I连通储气罐Ⅰ,该三通阀Ⅱ的第三端经储气罐导气管Ⅱ连通储气罐Ⅱ。
本例中干热岩换热管的进气端经导气管Ⅱ和三通阀Ⅰ连通储气装置,三通阀Ⅰ三端分别连接压缩机出气管、导气管Ⅰ和导气管Ⅱ,通过三通阀Ⅰ可控制二氧化碳压缩装置和储气装置之间导通,或储气装置和干热岩换热管之间导通。
本实施例中干热岩换热管的出气端经干热岩出气管连通膨胀机进气口,膨胀机出气口经膨胀机出气管连通二氧化碳存储库,膨胀机通过电磁感应线和发电机相连,发电机与供电线相连。
本实施例中干热岩换热管沿压缩空气流动方向分为从地面延伸至地下中深层干热岩的进气段、位于中深层干热岩的换热段和从中深层干热岩延伸至地面的出气段,其中进气段和出气段上包裹保温防护套管,换热段包裹高导热套管。保温防护套管采用二氧化硅气凝胶或玻璃棉等低导热材料,更好地起到保温效果。高导热套管采用高导热石墨块等材料,更好地促进压缩空气和高温干热岩的换热。
本例中控制中心分别与二氧化碳压缩装置、储气装置、膨胀机和发电机等连通,可以对系统中各个设备的状态进行远程监控与调控。
本实施例可以包含多组并联的压缩机,从而满足不同容量的压缩二氧化碳储能规模的设计。本实施例可以包含多组并联的膨胀机,从而满足不同容量的二氧化碳发电规模的设计。
本实施例中基于中深层干热岩的地热能压缩二氧化碳储能系统的工作方法,包括:
A、压缩二氧化碳储能工作状态:
A1、二氧化碳压缩装置在外部多余电量驱动下从二氧化碳存储库吸收二氧化碳并压缩成高压二氧化碳;
在用电低谷期,风能、太阳能等可再生能源产生的多余的波动、不稳定电流通过清洁能源连接线流入超级电容器,超级电容器对电流进行调频,通过清洁能源稳流电出口线输出稳定的电流。清洁能源稳流电出口线输出的电流带动电动机转动,电动机带动压缩机开始工作。压缩机通过压缩机进气管从二氧化碳存储库内吸收二氧化碳,并将高压二氧化碳从压缩机出气管8排出。
A2、二氧化碳压缩装置生成的高压二氧化碳输送至储气装置进行存储,储气装置内的压力设定值为7.14MPa以上,使得二氧化碳被压缩到液态。
打开三通阀I和三通阀II,高压二氧化碳依次流经压缩机出气管、三通阀I10、导气管I、三通阀II、储气罐导气管I,最终流入储气罐I16中存储。当储气罐I中二氧化碳的压力达到设定值,调整三通阀II,关闭储气罐导气管I的气路,并打开储气罐导气管II的气路,是高压二氧化碳通过储气罐导气管II,最终流入储气罐II中存储。
和空气相比,二氧化碳的临界温度高,在31.3℃、7.14MPa下即可液化。不需要像传统空气压缩机一样,将二氧化碳压缩到高温。储气罐I16和储气罐II17内的压力设定值为7.14MPa以上,使得二氧化碳被压缩到液态,提高储能的能量密度。
B、高压二氧化碳发电工作状态:
B1、储气装置内存储的高压二氧化碳在压差作用下进入干热岩换热管,高压二氧化碳在干热岩换热管内与中深层干热岩换热,形成高温高压二氧化碳。
在用电高峰期,打开打开三通阀I和三通阀II,储气罐I中被压缩的二氧化碳受压差的影响,会自动依次沿着储气罐导气管I、三通阀II、导气管I、三通阀I、导气管II,最终流入干热岩换热管中。在干热岩换热管的底部,高压二氧化碳和中深层干热岩进行换热,高压二氧化碳吸热变成高温的气态。
本实施例利用高压二氧化碳的压力,自动将二氧化碳推动,在干热岩换热管内流动,不需要额外的压缩机来驱动,节省了能源。同时,常规的高压二氧化碳系统需要将二氧化碳液化时的热量吸收,后续用于在液态二氧化碳膨胀气化时进行补热,不仅增加了设备和投资成本,而且多消耗了设备的驱动能量。本实施例利用干热岩换热管将高温干热岩的热量传递给压缩二氧化碳,不仅系统简单、具有经济性,而且利用清洁地热能源,低碳环保。
B2、干热岩换热管生成的高温高压二氧化碳进入膨胀机,带动膨胀机作用,从而经膨胀机带动发电机发电。
干热岩换热管中流出的高温高压二氧化碳,通过干热岩出气管流入膨胀机,高温高压二氧化碳带动膨胀机做功,膨胀机通过电磁感应线带动发动机工作,并通过供电线向外供电。在膨胀机内做完功的二氧化碳通过膨胀机出气管,最终流回二氧化碳存储库中将二氧化碳回收。
Claims (6)
1.一种基于中深层干热岩的地热能压缩二氧化碳储能系统,其特征在于,包括:
二氧化碳存储库,用于存储二氧化碳;
二氧化碳压缩装置,经压缩机进气管连通所述二氧化碳存储库,用于在外部多余电量驱动下的从所述二氧化碳存储库吸收二氧化碳并压缩成高压二氧化碳;
储气装置,经压缩机出气管连通所述二氧化碳压缩装置,用于提供高压存储环境,在高压存储环境下以液态形式存储二氧化碳压缩装置输出的高压二氧化碳;
干热岩换热管,经导气管Ⅱ连通所述储气装置,用于将储气装置输出的高压二氧化碳加热成高温高压二氧化碳;所述干热岩换热管沿压缩空气流动方向分为从地面延伸至地下中深层干热岩的进气段、位于中深层干热岩的换热段和从中深层干热岩延伸至地面的出气段,其中进气段和出气段上包裹保温防护套管,换热段包裹高导热套管;
所述压缩机出气管依次经三通阀Ⅰ和导气管Ⅰ连通所述储气装置,三通阀Ⅰ经导气管Ⅱ连通所述干热岩换热管;
膨胀机,其进气口经干热岩出气管连通所述干热岩换热管,其出气口经膨胀机出气管连通所述二氧化碳存储库,用于由干热岩换热管输出的高温高压二氧化碳带动做功,从而带动发电机发电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于中深层干热岩的地热能压缩二氧化碳储能系统,其特征在于:所述二氧化碳压缩装置包括压缩机和驱动压缩机工作的电动机,电动机电路连接用于对输入电流进行调频的超级电容器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于中深层干热岩的地热能压缩二氧化碳储能系统,其特征在于:所述储气装置具有储气罐Ⅰ、Ⅱ和三通阀Ⅱ,其中三通阀Ⅱ的第一端连通所述导气管Ⅰ,三通阀Ⅱ的第二端连通储气罐Ⅰ,该三通阀Ⅱ的第三端连通储气罐Ⅱ。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于中深层干热岩的地热能压缩二氧化碳储能系统,其特征在于:所述保温防护套管采用二氧化硅气凝胶或玻璃棉制成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于中深层干热岩的地热能压缩二氧化碳储能系统,其特征在于:所述高导热套管采用高导热石墨块制成。
6.一种权利要求1~5任意一项所述基于中深层干热岩的地热能压缩二氧化碳储能系统的工作方法,其特征在于:
A、压缩二氧化碳储能工作状态:
二氧化碳压缩装置在外部多余电量驱动下从二氧化碳存储库吸收二氧化碳并压缩成高压二氧化碳;
二氧化碳压缩装置生成的高压二氧化碳输送至储气装置进行存储,储气装置内的压力设定值为7.14MPa以上,使得二氧化碳被压缩到液态;
B、高压二氧化碳发电工作状态:
储气装置内存储的高压二氧化碳在压差作用下进入干热岩换热管,高压二氧化碳在干热岩换热管内与中深层干热岩换热,形成高温高压二氧化碳;
干热岩换热管生成的高温高压二氧化碳进入膨胀机,带动膨胀机作用,从而经膨胀机带动发电机发电。
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CN107461603A (zh) * | 2017-09-21 | 2017-12-12 | 西安交通大学 | 储气储热一体的干热岩再热压缩空气储能系统 |
CN110259662A (zh) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-09-20 | 西安交通大学 | 基于双井结构热盐井的辅助增压再热式压缩空气储能系统及方法 |
CN213039267U (zh) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-04-23 | 曹和平 | 一种煤炭地下气化与超临界二氧化碳储能混合集成系统 |
CN216114743U (zh) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-03-22 | 青岛鸿瑞电力工程咨询有限公司 | 一种中低温地热超临界二氧化碳光热发电系统 |
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