CN115285984B - Thermal interface material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Thermal interface material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115285984B CN115285984B CN202210893057.3A CN202210893057A CN115285984B CN 115285984 B CN115285984 B CN 115285984B CN 202210893057 A CN202210893057 A CN 202210893057A CN 115285984 B CN115285984 B CN 115285984B
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001246 colloidal dispersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 graphite alkene Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002064 nanoplatelet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007847 structural defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/182—Graphene
- C01B32/194—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/14—Solid materials, e.g. powdery or granular
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2204/00—Structure or properties of graphene
- C01B2204/20—Graphene characterized by its properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2204/00—Structure or properties of graphene
- C01B2204/20—Graphene characterized by its properties
- C01B2204/22—Electronic properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2204/00—Structure or properties of graphene
- C01B2204/20—Graphene characterized by its properties
- C01B2204/24—Thermal properties
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a thermal interface material and a preparation method thereof. The structure weakens phonon scattering caused by surface-to-surface contact, converts excellent in-surface heat transfer performance of graphene into thickness-direction heat conductivity, and simultaneously provides space for material deformation by the curved surface structure, and shows good compressibility. Because the graphene aerogel prepared by the method is parallel in surface, the contact point or contact surface is greatly reduced, the connection stability of a graphene network can be improved, the contact resistance and the contact thermal resistance between the graphene aerogel and a polymer are smaller, and the filling efficiency of the polymer is better provided, so that the composite material with high electric conductivity and thermal conductivity is obtained. Has great application potential in the fields of heat management, electromagnetic protection, flexible electronic and energy storage and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of functional materials, and particularly relates to preparation and application of a graphene continuous parallel curved surface structure with high elasticity and high heat conductivity.
Background
As electronic packages are moving toward miniaturization, integration, and intelligence, the power density per unit area within electronic devices is also rapidly increasing. If the heat generated by the electronic product during operation cannot be discharged in time, the working performance and the service life of the chip can be greatly influenced, and the efficient heat management design is a key for solving the problem. Currently, commercial thermal interface materials have a thermally conductive filler content of 50-90wt%, typically less than 10W/mK, and such conventional thermal interface materials have difficulty meeting heat dissipation requirements. Accordingly, there is a need to develop new thermal interface materials to address the ever-increasing thermal management issues associated with the rapid development of semiconductor devices.
Two-dimensional sheet materials such as graphene, which have excellent thermal conductivity (1000-5000W/mK), are considered to be a thermal interface material with great plasticity and development potential. At present, the method for preparing the graphene thermal interface material mainly comprises an ice template method and a plasticizing foaming method. Both of these methods can convert the excellent in-plane thermal conductivity of graphene to a certain extent into thermal conductivity in the thickness direction of the thermal interface material. However, aerogels prepared by the ice template method are assembled into a three-dimensional structure in a line-line or line-surface contact mode, and the obtained graphene network is disordered and has structural defects and tends to show lower heat conduction lifting rate and weaker rebound resilience. The plasticizing foaming method can prepare an anisotropic continuous curved surface network structure, and has excellent elasticity, but excessive surface-to-surface contact points can cause phonon scattering of a heat conduction path, so that the heat conductivity is limited. Therefore, preparation of a thermal interface material with high thermal conductivity and high elasticity is needed to be solved.
The disclosure of this background section is only intended to increase the understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the prior art problems and provide a thermal interface material with high elasticity and high heat conduction and a preparation method thereof. Through constructing the parallel curved surface structure of thickness direction, this structure can weaken the phonon scattering that the face-to-face contact brought, turns into thickness direction thermal conductivity with the excellent in-plane heat transfer performance of graphite alkene, and curved surface structure provides the space for material deformation simultaneously, can demonstrate good compressibility.
The invention provides a thermal interface material, which comprises a plurality of graphene continuous curved surfaces, wherein the continuous curved surfaces are mutually parallel; the continuous curved surface structure is formed by mutually overlapping graphene sheets.
Further, the curved surface includes S-shape, C-shape, wave shape, etc.
Further, the spacing between successive curved surfaces is greater than 1um.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the graphene continuous parallel curved surface structure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a two-dimensional graphene oxide sheet into a uniform and stable colloidal dispersion liquid and scraping the colloidal dispersion liquid on a horizontal substrate;
(2) Orientation treatment is carried out, so that graphene oxide sheets in the colloid are overlapped to form parallel continuous curved surfaces;
(3) Transferring into a dryer for dehydration and drying to obtain an aerogel structure with continuous parallel curved surfaces;
(4) And sequentially carrying out chemical reduction and heat treatment on the prepared parallel curved surface structure to obtain the graphene material with high elasticity and high heat conduction.
Further, the orientation treatment method comprises the following steps: a needle is inserted into the bottom of the colloid solution, slides for a plurality of times according to a curve track with a certain interval, and enables the graphene oxide sheets to be oriented along the scribing track.
Further, the orientation treatment method comprises the following steps: and (3) inserting a slice with a curved surface structure into the bottom of the colloid solution in parallel at a certain interval to orient the graphene oxide slice along the scribing track.
Further, the heat treatment temperature is 300-3000 ℃.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) The graphene aerogel prepared by the method has parallel surfaces, greatly reduces contact points or contact surfaces, can improve the connection stability of a graphene network, has smaller contact resistance and contact thermal resistance with a polymer, and has the thermal conductivity of 23W/mK.
(2) The graphene aerogel has parallel surfaces, is more beneficial to improving the filling efficiency of polymers, so as to obtain a composite material with high electric conductivity and heat conductivity, and has great application potential in the fields of heat management, electromagnetic protection, flexible electronics, energy storage and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an S-shaped parallel curved aerogel structure of graphene obtained in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the structure of graphene wavy parallel curved aerogel obtained in example 2.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the structure of graphene C-shaped parallel curved aerogel obtained in example 3.
Fig. 4 is the compressive strain loss factors of example 1 and comparative example 1.
Fig. 5 shows the compressive strain curves of example 3 and comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
In order to further describe the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention for achieving the intended purpose, the following detailed description will refer to the specific implementation, structure, characteristics and effects according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
Example 1.
Graphene oxide nanoplatelet dispersion (12 wt%) was knife coated and a microneedle was used to construct a dense S-shaped motion profile inside to induce platelet orientation. And drying to obtain the S-shaped parallel curved aerogel. It was then subjected to chemical reduction (HI, 24 h). And performing thermal reduction at 2400 ℃ on the aerogel after chemical reduction to obtain graphene aerogel. The density of the graphene aerogel is 105mg/cm 3 The vertical thermal conductivity was 23W/mK, and the electrical conductivity was 18000S/m. The loss factor of the S-shaped parallel curved aerogel is less than 0.35 in 30% compressive strain. By constructing the S-shaped curved surface structures with parallel thickness directions, phonon scattering caused by surface-to-surface contact is weakened, and excellent in-plane heat transfer performance of graphene is converted into heat conductivity in the thickness direction, wherein the heat conductivity is 11 times that of aerogel in a comparative example. Meanwhile, the curved surface structure provides a space for material deformation, and good compressive deformation characteristics are shown.
Example 2.
The graphene oxide nano-sheet dispersion liquid (8 wt%) is subjected to blade coating, and a wave-shaped sheet is utilized to construct a dense wave-shaped motion track in the graphene oxide nano-sheet dispersion liquid to induce the orientation of a sheet layer. And drying to obtain the wave-shaped parallel curved aerogel. It was then subjected to chemical reduction (HI, 24 h). And carrying out thermal reduction at 3000 ℃ on the aerogel subjected to chemical reduction to obtain the graphene aerogel. The graphene aerogel has a density of 71mg/cm3, a vertical thermal conductivity of 14.5W/mK and an electrical conductivity of 21000S/m.
Example 3.
And (3) carrying out blade coating on graphene oxide nano sheet dispersion liquid (15 wt%) and immersing the C-shaped sheet at the bottom of the colloid, sliding at a distance of 10um, constructing a dense C-shaped movement track in the dispersion liquid, and inducing the sheet layer to be oriented in a C shape. And drying to obtain the C-shaped parallel curved aerogel. It was then subjected to chemical reduction (HI, 24 h). And performing thermal reduction at 2200 ℃ on the aerogel after chemical reduction to obtain graphene aerogel. The density of the graphene aerogel is 127mg/cm 3 Vertical, verticalThe thermal conductivity was 27W/mK and the electrical conductivity was 34000S/m. Due to the continuity of the C-shaped network, the C-shaped parallel curved surface is characterized by high elasticity and low loss under the compression strain of 10% to 40% as shown in fig. 5a, and meanwhile, the C-shaped parallel curved surface has good structural stability.
Comparative example 1
And (3) carrying out knife coating on the graphene oxide nano-sheet dispersion liquid (12 wt%) and drying to obtain the aerogel with randomly arranged sheets. It was then subjected to chemical reduction (HI, 24 h). And performing thermal reduction at 2400 ℃ on the aerogel after chemical reduction to obtain graphene aerogel. The density of the graphene aerogel is 105mg/cm 3 The vertical thermal conductivity was 2W/mK, and the electrical conductivity was 9500S/m. At 30% compressive strain, the loss factor of the randomly arranged lamellae of the aerogel is between 0.6 and 0.82.
Comparative example 2
And (3) carrying out blade coating on the graphene oxide nano-sheet dispersion liquid (15 wt%) without applying a shearing field, and directly drying to obtain the aerogel with randomly arranged sheets. It was then subjected to chemical reduction (HI, 24 h). And performing thermal reduction at 2400 ℃ on the aerogel after chemical reduction to obtain graphene aerogel. The density of the graphene aerogel is 127mg/cm 3 The vertical thermal conductivity was 2.8W/mK, and the electrical conductivity was 8400S/m. Because of the random arrangement of the lamellae, which is detrimental to load transfer, as shown in fig. 5b, at compression strains of 10% to 40%, the low elasticity and high loss characteristics are exhibited, which also indicate that structural irreversible failure occurs as the compression strain increases.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but is capable of modification and variation in detail, and other modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The thermal interface material is characterized by comprising a plurality of continuous curved surfaces of graphene nano sheets, wherein the continuous curved surfaces are mutually parallel in the thickness direction; the continuous curved surface is formed by mutually overlapping graphene sheets; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a two-dimensional graphene oxide nano sheet into a uniform and stable dispersion liquid, and scraping the dispersion liquid onto a horizontal substrate;
(2) Orientation treatment is carried out, so that graphene oxide nano sheets in the colloid are overlapped to form parallel continuous curved surfaces;
(3) Transferring into a dryer for dehydration and drying to obtain an aerogel structure with continuous parallel curved surfaces; the orientation treatment method comprises the following steps: inserting a needle into the bottom of the colloid solution, sliding for several times according to a curve track with a certain interval to orient the graphene oxide nano-sheets along the scribing track, or inserting a thin sheet with a curved surface structure into the bottom of the colloid solution in parallel with a certain interval to orient the graphene oxide nano-sheets along the scribing track;
(4) And sequentially carrying out chemical reduction and heat treatment on the prepared parallel curved surface structure to obtain the graphene aerogel material with high elasticity and high heat conduction.
2. The continuous parallel curved surface structure according to claim 1, wherein the curved surface is S-shaped, C-shaped or wavy.
3. The continuous parallel curved surface structure according to claim 1, wherein the spacing between the continuous curved surfaces is greater than 1 μm.
4. The continuous parallel curved surface structure according to claim 1, wherein: the heat treatment temperature is 300-3000 ℃.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210893057.3A CN115285984B (en) | 2022-07-27 | 2022-07-27 | Thermal interface material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN202210893057.3A CN115285984B (en) | 2022-07-27 | 2022-07-27 | Thermal interface material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115285984B true CN115285984B (en) | 2023-11-28 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20150217538A1 (en) * | 2014-02-06 | 2015-08-06 | Aruna Zhamu | Highly oriented graphene structures and process for producing same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20150217538A1 (en) * | 2014-02-06 | 2015-08-06 | Aruna Zhamu | Highly oriented graphene structures and process for producing same |
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