CN115284770A - Optically variable security element and value document with an optically variable security element - Google Patents

Optically variable security element and value document with an optically variable security element Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115284770A
CN115284770A CN202210441634.5A CN202210441634A CN115284770A CN 115284770 A CN115284770 A CN 115284770A CN 202210441634 A CN202210441634 A CN 202210441634A CN 115284770 A CN115284770 A CN 115284770A
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China
Prior art keywords
pattern
section
viewing angle
observer
visible
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CN202210441634.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
M.霍弗
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Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324—Reliefs

Abstract

The invention relates to an optically variable security element having a patterned area. The pattern region includes a first section and a second section. At least a portion of the first section of the pattern area is visible to an observer as bright at the at least one first viewing angle. At least a portion of the second section of the pattern area is visible to an observer as dark at least at the first viewing angle. Portions of the first section of the pattern area are visible to an observer as dark at the at least one second viewing angle. So that the viewer can see at least a part of the first pattern bright at the first viewing angle. Portions of the second section of the pattern region are visible to an observer as bright at least a second viewing angle, so that the observer can see at least portions of the second pattern as bright at the second viewing angle. The transition from the first viewing angle to the second viewing angle can be performed by flipping the security element around the first axis. The viewer can also see the main pattern of the pattern area through the portions of the segments that can be seen as light or as dark. By turning the security element around a second axis which is not parallel to the first axis, the viewer can see the kinematic effect in the area of the pattern.

Description

Optically variable security element and value document with an optically variable security element
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optically variable security element. The invention also relates to a value document having an optically variable security element.
Background
Optically variable security elements, such as banknotes, are known from the prior art. In this case, different visual impressions are created for the observer depending on the viewing angle. The different viewing angles can be achieved in that the optically variable element or the document of value with the optically variable element is tilted about an axis, while the viewing direction of the observer and the illumination direction of the optically variable element remain unchanged.
EP 3 000 613 A1 relates to an optically variable security element. The optically variable security element exhibits a kinematic effect when flipped around the x-axis and a color-changing effect when flipped around the y-axis.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to provide an optically variable security element which achieves improved security against forgery and whose authenticity can be easily checked by an observer. A further object of the present invention is to provide an optically variable security element which can be produced relatively simply and cost-effectively.
The invention relates to an optically variable security element and to a value document.
The optically variable security element comprises a patterned area (Motivbereich, or visual object area). The pattern region includes a first section and a second section. At least a portion of the first section of the pattern area is visible to an observer as bright at least at the first viewing angle. At least a portion of the second section of the pattern area is visible to an observer as dark at least at the first viewing angle. At least a portion of the first pattern of the pattern area is visible to an observer at the first viewing angle as bright. The portion of the first section of the pattern area is visible to an observer as dark at least at the second viewing angle. The portion of the second section of the pattern area is visible to an observer as bright at least at the second viewing angle. At least a portion of the second pattern can be seen bright at a second viewing angle to an observer. The transition from the first viewing angle to the second viewing angle can be performed by flipping the optically variable security element around the first axis. To a viewer, the main pattern of the pattern area can also be seen through the portion of the segment that can be seen as light or as dark. By flipping the optically variable security element around a second axis which is not parallel to the first axis, the viewer can see the kinematic effect in the pattern area.
The first and second axes are preferably perpendicular to each other.
The security element can be applied to an article in order to verify the authenticity of the article. Such an article may be, for example, a check, a bank card, a document, a certificate, a document, apparel (a label for apparel), or a banknote.
At least a part of the first/second pattern can be seen as bright in the first/second section of the pattern area at the first/second viewing angle, and part of the (corresponding) pattern cannot be seen in the first/second section at the second viewing angle. Here, at the first viewing angle, a part of the pattern cannot be seen as bright in other sections of the pattern area, and at least a part of the pattern can be seen as bright in said other sections at the second viewing angle.
The (sub-) pattern transformation in the pattern area may be achieved by flipping the security element around the first axis. The first (or first) pattern and the second (or second) pattern may also be referred to as sub-patterns (Untermotive). The kinematic effect can be achieved by turning the security element around the second axis. Depending on the direction in which the security element is turned over, different effects are produced for the observer, which are particularly impressive for the observer. In addition, the inversion preferably improves the legibility of the main pattern. The observer can thus simply and reliably verify the authenticity of the security element.
The host pattern is particularly visible (or visible) to an observer at first and second viewing angles. The main pattern is preferably visible through the portion of the first pattern of at least one first section that is visible as bright and/or through the first pattern of the plurality of first sections that is visible as bright at the (at least one) first viewing angle. Similarly, the main pattern can be seen through the portion of the second pattern of at least one second section that can be seen as bright and/or through the second pattern of the plurality of second sections that can be seen as bright at the (at least one) second viewing angle. The host pattern is displayed by the pattern side of the first pattern(s) and/or the second pattern(s) that can be seen as bright, which may alternatively be referred to as sub-patterns. The master pattern face includes at least a sub-face of the segment(s) that produces a light or dark effect. To the viewer, the legibility of the host pattern is improved by flipping around the first and/or second axis. The viewer sees the transformation from the first pattern(s) to the second pattern(s) in the face of the host by flipping around the first axis. The observer sees in particular a relative movement from the main pattern to the first and/or second pattern by flipping around the second axis. For completeness, it is noted that the host is a separate or unrelated pattern, i.e., the host can be selected, inter alia, independently of the first or second pattern.
The security element can convey an optical impression to an observer (human) without the need for an auxiliary device, so that the observer can optically perceive the authenticity of the article provided with the security element without the need for an auxiliary device. Optical security elements are particularly suitable for simple or routine verification of authenticity by humans. The optical impression can be perceived in the wavelength range of 400nm to 780 nm.
In optically variable security elements, depending on the viewing angle, the viewing direction, the side of the security element or the manner of viewing (reflection or transmission), different optical impressions are created for the viewer who wants to carry out the authenticity check. The security element can thus transmit a first optical impression at a first viewing angle and a second optical impression at a second viewing angle, wherein the first and second optical impressions are different.
The security element can be applied, for example, as a patch (patch) or strip to an article to be provided with security, for example a banknote or a precursor of a banknote
Figure BDA0003614174380000031
The above. The security element can be designed in a planar manner. The maximum area of the anti-counterfeiting element can be 5000mm 2 Preferably at most 2500mm 2 More preferably at most 1500mm 2 More preferably at most 1000mm 2 。
The security element may have a length which is at least five times, preferably at least ten times, greater than the width. The security element may have a width of at least 1 mm.
The security element may be provided as a thread, as a strip or as a patch.
The security paper may be a precursor of the value document. The security paper may be paper that has not been completely printed. The security paper may comprise at least one security element, at least one window and/or at least one security feature.
The security element can be applied to the value document or to the security paper. The security element can extend from one side of the value document or security paper to the other side of the value document or security paper. The sides may be opposing sides. The security element may have a length which is the same as the width or height of the value document or security paper.
The security element can be at least partially embedded in the value document or the security paper. The security element can be inserted into the document of value or the security paper in such a way that the section(s) of the security element can be seen by an observer and the section(s) of the security element cannot be seen by the observer. The security element can be inserted into the document of value or the security paper in such a way that the section(s) of the security element are covered by the document of value or the security paper and the section(s) of the security element are not covered by the document of value or the security paper.
The first section of the pattern area may be a geometric figure, such as a polygon, a triangle, a quadrangle (square, rectangle, or diamond), or a circle. The first section of the pattern region may have an irregular shape. The profile of the first section of the pattern area may have at least two curved sections. Alternatively or additionally, the profile of the first section of the pattern region may have at least two straight sections. At least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least five curved sections may follow one another in sequence along the contour of the first section of the pattern area. The straight section may follow the curved section along the contour of the first section of the pattern area.
The second section of the pattern area may be a geometric figure, such as a polygon, a triangle, a quadrangle (square, rectangle, or diamond), or a circle. The second section of the pattern region may have an irregular shape. The profile of the second section of the pattern area may have at least two curved sections. Alternatively or additionally, the profile of the second section of the pattern region may have at least two straight sections. At least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least five curved sections may follow one another in sequence along the contour of the second section of the pattern area. The straight section may follow the curved section along the contour of the second section of the pattern area.
At least a portion of the first section of the pattern area is visible to an observer as bright at least a first viewing angle. The portion of the first section of the pattern area is visible to an observer as dark at least a second viewing angle.
This portion of the first section may have an area with a size of at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95% of the size of the area of the first section. Particularly preferably, the area of this part of the first section is the same as the area of the first section.
The portion of the first section of the pattern area may be entirely bright as seen by an observer at least at the first viewing angle. The portion of the first section of the patterned area may be completely dark to be seen by an observer at least a second viewing angle.
The first section of the pattern area may include other portions that are visible to an observer as dark at least at the first viewing angle. Alternatively or additionally, the first section of the pattern area comprises one or said other portion which is visible to an observer as bright at least a second viewing angle.
Said other part of the first section may have an area with a size of at most 50%, preferably at most 40%, more preferably at most 30%, more preferably at most 20%, more preferably at most 10%, more preferably at most 5% of the size of the area of the first section.
At least a portion of the second section of the pattern area is visible to an observer as dark at least a first viewing angle. The portion of the second section of the pattern area is visible to an observer as bright at least a second viewing angle.
This portion of the second section may have an area with a size of at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95% of the size of the area of the second section. Particularly preferably, the area of this part of the second section is the same as the area of the second section.
The portion of the second section of the pattern area may be completely dark as seen by an observer at least at the first viewing angle. The portion of the second section of the pattern area may be entirely bright as seen by an observer at least at the second viewing angle.
The second section of the pattern area may comprise other portions that are visible to an observer as bright at least the first viewing angle. Alternatively or additionally, the second section of the patterned area includes one or said other portion which is visible to an observer as dark at least a second viewing angle.
Said other part of the second section may have an area with a size of at most 50%, preferably at most 40%, more preferably at most 30%, more preferably at most 20%, more preferably at most 10%, more preferably at most 5% of the size of the area of the second section.
A section may generally comprise at least two sections. The area of the portion may be the sum of the at least two portions.
A section may generally comprise a plurality of sections. The area of the portion may be the sum of the plurality of portions.
One portion of a segment may be a subsection of the segment.
The portion of the first section of the pattern area may be visible to an observer as bright under at least one first range of viewing angles. The portion of the second section of the pattern area may be visible to an observer as dark at least one or said first range of viewing angles.
The portion of the first section of the pattern area may be visible to an observer as dark under at least one second range of viewing angles. The portion of the second section of the pattern area may be visible to an observer as bright at least one or said second range of viewing angles.
The first range of viewing angles may comprise a range of at least 5 °, preferably at least 7 °, more preferably at least 10 °, more preferably at least 15 °, more preferably at least 20 °. The first viewing angle range may include a range of 5 ° to 20 °.
The second range of viewing angles may comprise a range of at least 5 °, preferably at least 7 °, more preferably at least 10 °, more preferably at least 15 °, more preferably at least 20 °. The second viewing angle range may include a range of 5 ° to 20 °.
In non-diffuse illumination, such as illumination by the sun or a point source, the segments that can be seen as bright display a higher relative reflected light intensity at a given viewing angle than the segments that can be seen as dark.
The relative reflected light intensity is the ratio of the reflected light intensity to the incident light intensity. If the light of the light source is completely reflected, the relative reflected light intensity is 100%.
In the section that can be seen as bright, the relative reflected light intensity may be at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50% greater than the relative reflected light intensity in the section that can be seen as dark. The description of the percentage may be a percentile.
The portion of the first section of the pattern area may be such that it is visible to an observer as bright at the first viewing angle, such that in the first section of the pattern area at least a portion of the first pattern is visible to the observer. Alternatively or additionally, the portion of the second section of the pattern area may be such as to be visible to the observer as bright at the second viewing angle, such that in the second section of the pattern area at least a portion of the second pattern is visible to the observer.
The pattern may have a pattern shape that is visible to an observer. The pattern shape is, for example, a circle, a quadrangle, an apple, or an irregular shape.
The pattern need not be completely visible to a viewer at one viewing angle. In particular, at most only a portion of the pattern can be seen by the viewer at one viewing angle.
Different portions of the pattern may be visible to the viewer at different viewing angles. The complete pattern may be fully visible to the viewer when viewing different angles throughout.
The pattern shape may be the shape of a geometric figure. The pattern shape may be the shape of an animal, a person, or a building.
The pattern may have a contour. The contour may be an outer contour. The pattern may be (optically) defined with respect to its surroundings by the contour. The outline may encompass an interior section of the pattern.
The first pattern may have an area, wherein the area of the first pattern is at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95% of the area of the first section of the pattern region. Particularly preferably, the area of the first pattern is the same as the area of the first section of the pattern region.
The second pattern may have an area, wherein the area of the second pattern is at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95% of the area of the second section of the pattern region. Particularly preferably, the area of the second pattern is the same as the area of the second section of the pattern region.
The first pattern may have an outer contour. The outer contour may enclose an area. The area enclosed by the outer contour of the first pattern may be at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95% of the area of the first section of the pattern area. Particularly preferably, the area enclosed by the outer contour of the first pattern is the same as the area of the first section of the pattern region.
The second pattern may have an outer contour. The outer contour may enclose an area. The area enclosed by the outer contour of the second pattern may be at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95% of the area of the second section of the pattern region. Particularly preferably, the area enclosed by the outer contour of the second pattern is the same as the area of the second section of the pattern region.
The first pattern may be an optically variable pattern. Alternatively or additionally, the second pattern may be an optically variable pattern.
The first pattern may be formed in a first section of the pattern area by a section that can be seen as bright. The second pattern may be formed in the second section by a section of the pattern area that can be seen as bright.
The pattern may have a maximum dimension of at least 600 μm, preferably at least 1.0mm, more preferably at least 1.5mm, more preferably at least 2.0mm, more preferably at least 3.0mm, more preferably at least 4.0mm, more preferably at least 5.0 mm. The pattern may have a maximum dimension of maximum 50.0mm, preferably maximum 30.0mm, more preferably maximum 20.0mm, more preferably maximum 10.0 mm. Particularly preferably, the maximum dimension of the pattern is between 600 μm and 50.0mm, preferably between 600 μm and 10.0 mm. The maximum dimension may be the maximum linear dimension of the pattern.
The security element may define an x-y plane. The x-y plane may define an x-axis and a y-axis. The x-axis may be oriented non-parallel to the y-axis. The x-axis may be oriented perpendicular to the y-axis.
The transition from the first viewing angle to the second viewing angle can be performed by flipping the optically variable security element around the y-axis as the first axis.
The transition from the bright visibility of the portion of the first section of the pattern area to the dark visibility of the portion of the first section of the pattern area may be stepwise or discontinuous.
The transition from the dark visibility of the portion of the second section of the pattern area to the light visibility of the portion of the second section of the pattern area may be stepwise or discontinuous.
In a first section of the pattern area, a flip effect (Flipeffekt) is visible by flipping the security element around a first axis. In a second section of the pattern area, the flip effect is visible by flipping the security element around the first axis. A step-like or discontinuous transition from bright visibility to dark visibility or from dark visibility to bright visibility can be referred to as a flip effect or a step effect (sprungefekt).
In the flip effect, when the security element is flipped over in a range of viewing angles, a substantially identical optical impression of at least one section of the security element can be produced for the viewer. In the flip effect, the optical impression of at least one section of the security element does not substantially change for the viewer when the security element is flipped over in a range of viewing angles.
When the security element is flipped beyond the limit viewing angle, the optical impression in the section of the security element may change, in particular change in a step-like manner.
When the security element is further tilted in other viewing angle ranges, the changed optical impression in the sections of the security element may be the same or constant for the observer.
The limit viewing angle may be between the range of viewing angles and the other range of viewing angles.
Preferably, the transition from the light visibility of said portion of the first section of the pattern area to the dark visibility of said portion of the first section of the pattern area is visible to a viewer in a viewing angle range of 180 ° in the security element up to five, more preferably up to four, more preferably up to three, more preferably up to two. Particularly preferably, the viewer is able to see in the security element, in a viewing angle range of 180 °, exactly one transition from the bright visibility of the portion of the first section of the pattern area to the dark visibility of the portion of the first section of the pattern area.
Preferably, the transition from the dark visibility of said portion of the second section of the pattern area to the light visibility of said portion of the second section of the pattern area is visible to a viewer in a viewing angle range of 180 ° in the security element up to five, more preferably up to four, more preferably up to three, more preferably up to two. Particularly preferably, the viewer is able to see in the security element, in a viewing angle range of 180 °, exactly one transition from the dark visibility of the portion of the second section of the pattern area to the bright visibility of the portion of the second section of the pattern area.
In the security element, the viewer can see up to five, more preferably up to four, more preferably up to three, more preferably up to two flip effects in a viewing angle range of 180 °. In the security element, the viewer can see exactly one flip effect in a viewing angle range of 180 °.
The security element may comprise at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least five, more preferably at least ten first sections of the pattern area.
The security element may comprise at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least five, more preferably at least ten second sections of the pattern area.
By turning the optically variable security element around the second axis, the viewer can see the kinematic effect in the pattern area. The second axis is non-parallel with respect to the first axis, in particular perpendicular to the first axis.
For example, the first axis is the y-axis and the second axis is the x-axis.
In the kinematic effect, the observer can see a continuously acting movement in at least one section of the pattern area. In the kinematic effect, the movement in the pattern area can be visible to the observer when the security element is flipped over. Preferably in the kinematic effect, the movement of the host pattern in the pattern area may be visible to a viewer when the security element is flipped.
The kinematic effect particularly preferably comprises a relative movement of the main pattern with respect to the first pattern and/or with respect to the second pattern. The kinematic effect may comprise, inter alia, a relative movement of the main pattern with respect to the first pattern of the first section and/or with respect to the second pattern of the second section.
In a kinematic effect, changes in the position, orientation (rotation), size and/or shape of the host pattern may be seen by an observer in relation to the viewing angle. In the kinematic effect, a change in the position, size and/or shape of the first pattern(s) may be seen by the viewer in relation to the viewing angle. In the kinematic effect, a change in the position, size and/or shape of the second pattern(s) can be seen by the viewer in relation to the viewing angle.
The respective positions of the first and second portions are preferably unchanged during the turning of the optically variable security element about the second axis. The position of the first section and the position of the second section remain the same when the optically variable security element is flipped around the second axis. The position of the first section and the position of the second section may be stationary.
The portion of the first portion that can be seen as bright can remain bright when the optically variable security element is turned over. The portion of the first section that can be seen as dark can remain dark when the optically variable security element is flipped over.
The portion of the second portion that can be seen as bright can remain bright when the optically variable security element is turned over. The portion of the second portion that can be seen as dark can remain dark when the optically variable security element is flipped over.
In the pattern area, the main pattern, especially the region that produces the bright effect, may be visible to the observer. In the case of kinematic effects, the change in the position of the main pattern, in particular of the segments producing the bright effect, can be seen by the observer as a function of the viewing angle.
The main pattern can be seen by the observer as a (more) brightly flashing segment. In a kinematic effect, a change in the position of the main pattern, in particular of the section which produces the bright effect, can be seen by the observer as a function of the viewing angle.
The kinematic effect may be visible to a viewer over at least 10%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95% of the height of the pattern area in relation to the viewing angle. Particularly preferably, the kinematic effect can be seen by the observer over the entire height of the pattern region in dependence on the viewing angle. The height of the pattern area may be oriented in the direction of the y-axis.
The kinematic effect may be visible to a viewer over at least 10%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95% of the width of the pattern area in relation to the viewing angle. Particularly preferably, the kinematic effect can be seen by an observer over the entire width of the pattern region in dependence on the viewing angle. The width of the pattern area may be oriented in the direction of the x-axis.
A plurality of facets may be disposed in the pattern area. The facets may be oriented differently.
The facets may be inverted with respect to an x-y plane defined by the security element.
Each facet may define a normal vector having a first directional component and a second directional component.
The optically variable security element can comprise an arrangement of directional (gerichet) reflective micro-reflectors. The micro-reflector is preferably a non-diffractive micro-reflector. The micro-reflectors may be micro-mirrors. The micro reflectors are preferably micro mirrors each having an inclined surface.
The facets may be surfaces of the micro-reflectors. Each facet may be a surface of a respective micro-reflector.
The arrangement of micro reflectors may comprise a relief structure with a reflection enhancing coating.
The arrangement of micro reflectors may comprise a relief structure with a metal coating.
The arrangement of micro reflectors may comprise an embossed layer of embossing lacquer.
The size of each micro-reflector, in particular the maximum width of each micro-reflector, may be between 2 μm and 300 μm, preferably between 3 μm and 100 μm, more preferably between 5 μm and 50 μm.
The micro-reflectors, in particular the micro-mirror surfaces, can be designed as described in DE 10 2005 061 749A1. The micro-reflectors, in particular the micro-mirror surfaces, can be produced or manufactured as described in DE 10 2005 061 749A1.
The micro-reflectors may be tilted or flipped with respect to a plane defined by the security element (x-y plane). The light of the light source can thus be reflected towards a point with different intensities by different micro-reflectors that are differently tilted with respect to the plane. By appropriate selection of the flip of the different micro-reflectors, the viewer can see the pattern by reflection of light. In particular, different optical impressions can be seen by the observer depending on the viewing angle.
The micro-reflector may be provided with a reflective or reflection-enhancing coating. A metallic or high refractive index coating may be applied over the micro-reflector. A multilayer system (optically variable or color-filtered) can be applied to the micro-reflector. The micro-reflector may be provided with a liquid crystal coating.
The micro reflector can be formed or can be formed, for example, by an embossing method in an embossable layer, for example an embossing lacquer layer. The imprintable layer may be applied to the substrate or may be capable of being applied. The embossable layer may be a film, in particular a thermoplastic film. The embossable layer may be a lacquer that can be hardened by radiation. The imprintable layer may have a plurality of sub-layers.
The micro-reflector may be superimposed with a structure that is preferably equal to or larger than a quarter of the wavelength of visible light. The structure may be referred to as a subwavelength structure.
The subwavelength structure may be a periodic structure with a period in the range of 50nm to 500nm, preferably 100nm to 400 nm. The subwavelength structure may be a non-periodic structure having a structure width in the range of 50nm to 500nm, preferably 100nm to 400 nm. This enables the pattern to be displayed in a colored, in particular multicolored, manner. The colored display may be adjustable or selectable independently for each micro-reflector. Color conversion (Farbwechsel) can be realized in particular as a viewing-angle dependent color effect. The viewing angle dependent color effects may be combined with the kinematic effects and/or flip effects described herein.
The transition from a portion of the first segment that can be seen as bright by an observer to a portion of the first segment that can be seen as dark by an observer may be determined by a first directional component of the normal vector.
The transition from the portion of the second section that can be seen by an observer as dark to the portion of the second section that can be seen by an observer as light is determined by a first directional component of the normal vector.
The kinematic effect may be determined by a second directional component of the normal vector.
The transitions from light to dark or dark to light in the sections in the pattern area and the kinematic effects may be decoupled.
The flipping of the security element about the first axis may have no effect on the impression of the kinematic effect that can be seen by the observer.
The first section of the pattern region and the second section of the pattern region may directly adjoin each other. The first section of the pattern area and the second section of the pattern area may be directly visible next to each other.
At least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least four, more preferably at least five second sections may be directly adjacent to the first section of the pattern area.
At least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least four, more preferably at least five first segments may be directly adjacent to the second segment of the pattern area.
The second segment may be directly adjacent over at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 15%, more preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 25% of the periphery of the first segment.
The second section may be directly adjacent to the first section over a maximum of 50%, preferably a maximum of 40%, more preferably a maximum of 30%, more preferably a maximum of 20%, more preferably a maximum of 10% of the outer circumference of the first section.
The second section preferably directly adjoins between 5% and 50%, preferably between 5% and 30%, on the outer circumference of the first section.
The first segment may be directly adjacent over at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 15%, more preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 25% of the periphery of the second segment.
The first section may be directly adjacent to the second section over a maximum of 50%, preferably a maximum of 40%, more preferably a maximum of 30%, more preferably a maximum of 20%, more preferably a maximum of 10% of the circumference of the second section.
The first section preferably directly adjoins between 5% and 50%, preferably between 5% and 30%, of the outer circumference of the second section.
The first segment may be directly adjacent to the other first segment over a maximum of 5.0%, preferably a maximum of 4.0%, more preferably a maximum of 3.0%, more preferably a maximum of 2.0%, more preferably a maximum of 1.0%, more preferably a maximum of 0.5% of the outer circumference of the first segment.
Other first segments may be directly adjacent over at least 0.01%, preferably at least 0.05%, more preferably at least 0.1%, more preferably at least 0.2%, more preferably at least 0.3%, more preferably at least 0.4% of the outer periphery of the first segment.
The first section preferably directly adjoins between 0.01% and 5.0%, preferably between 0.1% and 2.0%, to the outer periphery of the other first sections.
The second segment may be directly adjacent to another second segment over a maximum of 5.0%, preferably a maximum of 4.0%, more preferably a maximum of 3.0%, more preferably a maximum of 2.0%, more preferably a maximum of 1.0%, more preferably a maximum of 0.5% of the outer circumference of the second segment.
At least 0.01%, preferably at least 0.05%, more preferably at least 0.1%, more preferably at least 0.2%, more preferably at least 0.3%, more preferably at least 0.4% of the outer periphery of the second segment may be directly adjacent to other second segments.
The second section preferably directly adjoins between 0.01% and 5.0%, preferably between 0.1% and 2.0%, on the periphery of the other second sections.
The first section of the pattern region and the second section of the pattern region may be spaced apart from each other. The first section of the pattern region and the second section of the pattern region may be adjacent sections. There may be no other first section or second section between the first section of the pattern area and the second section of the pattern area.
The first section of the pattern area and the second section of the pattern area may be spaced at least 300 μm, preferably at least 600 μm, more preferably at least 1.0mm, more preferably at least 2.0mm from each other.
The first section of the pattern area and the second section of the pattern area may be spaced apart from each other by a maximum of 5.0mm, preferably a maximum of 3.0mm, more preferably a maximum of 2.0mm, more preferably a maximum of 1.0mm. The first section preferably directly adjoins the second section.
The first section of the pattern area and the second section of the pattern area may be spaced apart from each other by between 300 μm and 5.0mm, preferably between 600 μm and 2.0mm.
The pattern region may include a section that is visible to an observer as bright at both the first and second viewing angles.
The pattern region may include a section that is visible to an observer as dark at both the first and second viewing angles.
The pattern area may comprise at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least five, more preferably at least ten sections which are visible to an observer as bright at both the first and second viewing angles.
The sections that can be seen as bright by the observer at both the first and second viewing angles may be regularly present in the pattern area.
The pattern area may comprise at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least five, more preferably at least ten sections which are visible to an observer as dark at both the first and second viewing angles.
The sections that can be seen as dark by an observer at both the first and second viewing angles may be regularly present in the pattern area.
The first pattern may have a first pattern shape. The second pattern may have a second pattern shape. The first pattern shape may be the same as the second pattern shape. The first pattern shape and the second pattern shape may be different.
The first pattern may be visible to an observer to be rotatable relative to the second pattern. The first pattern may be capable of being placed in registration with the second pattern by rotation. The first pattern may not be placed in registration with the second pattern by rotation.
Patterns having the same pattern shape may be capable of being placed in registration. The patterns having the same pattern shape may especially be able to be brought into registration without changing the size of the patterns, e.g. without enlargement or without central stretching.
The coincidence of two patterns can generally be achieved in that the area of the patterns, for example the area of the patterns enclosed by the respective outlines of the patterns, can be brought to coincide at least 80%, preferably at least 85%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 92%, more preferably at least 94%, more preferably at least 96%, more preferably at least 98%, more preferably at least 99%, more preferably at least 99.5%, more preferably at least 99.8%, more preferably completely.
The first pattern may be a geometric figure, such as a polygon, a triangle, a quadrilateral (square, rectangular, or diamond), or a circle. The first pattern may have an irregular shape. The outer contour of the first pattern may have at least two curved sections. Alternatively or additionally, the outer contour of the first pattern may have at least two straight sections. At least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least five curved sections may follow one another in succession along the outer contour of the first pattern. The straight section may be connected after the curved section along the outer contour of the first pattern.
The first and second segments may be visible to an observer without overlapping. The first and second sections may be non-overlapping and non-spaced to be seen by a viewer.
The area of the first section of the pattern region may be such that it is visible to an observer as bright to at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95% at least said first viewing angle. The area of the first section of the pattern region is preferably such that it is seen by an observer as being completely bright at least a first viewing angle.
The area of the second section of the pattern region may be such that it is visible to an observer to be dark to at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95% at least said first viewing angle. The area of the second section of the pattern area is preferably completely dark visible to an observer at least at the first viewing angle.
The area of the first section of the pattern region may be such that it is visible to an observer to be dark to at least a degree of at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95% at least said second viewing angle. The area of the first section of the pattern area is preferably completely dark visible to an observer at least a second viewing angle.
The area of the second section of the patterned area may be such that it is visible to an observer to an extent of at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95%, at least at said second viewing angle. The area of the second section of the pattern area is preferably such that it is seen by an observer as being completely bright at least a second viewing angle.
The value document may include any security element disclosed herein. The value document may be a check, a bank card, a document, a certificate, a document, apparel (a label for apparel) or a banknote.
The value document may comprise at least one further security element. The other security element may be a security element that is perceptible by a viewer. The other security element may be a security element that is not perceptible to a viewer. The further security element may be a security element which is (only) machine-perceptible.
The value document may comprise at least one security feature. The security feature may be printed on the value document. The security feature can be processed into the substrate of the value document. The security feature may be one that is perceptible to an observer. The security feature may be one that is not perceptible to an observer. The security feature may be one that is machine-perceptible.
Drawings
Further embodiments and advantages of the invention or of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings, which only describe embodiments of the invention. In the figures, identical components are provided with the same reference symbols. The drawings are not to scale and individual elements of the drawings may be exaggerated in scale or in simplified form. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a value document 100 with a security element 10 and a pattern area 20;
fig. 2 shows the pattern area 20 at a first viewing angle on the left side and the pattern area 20 at a second viewing angle on the right side;
fig. 3a shows a first pattern 30a;
fig. 3b shows a first pattern 30a;
fig. 3c shows a second pattern 30b;
fig. 4 shows the pattern area 20 at a first viewing angle on the left side and the pattern area 20 at a second viewing angle on the right side;
FIG. 5 shows pattern area 20 having segments 70 that produce a bright effect at a first viewing angle;
fig. 6 shows the pattern area 20 with the section 70 producing a bright effect at the first viewing angle on the upper side and the pattern area 20 with the section 70 producing a bright effect at the third viewing angle on the lower side;
fig. 7 shows the pattern region 20 at a first viewing angle on the upper left, the pattern region 20 at a second viewing angle on the upper right, the pattern region 20 at a third viewing angle on the lower left and the pattern region 20 at a fourth viewing angle on the lower right; and is provided with
Fig. 8 shows the pattern region 20 at the first viewing angle on the upper left, the pattern region 20 at the second viewing angle on the upper right, the pattern region 20 at the third viewing angle on the lower left and the pattern region 20 at the fourth viewing angle on the lower right.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a value document 100 with a security element 10. The security element 10 comprises a pattern area 20.
The value document 100 may be a banknote, for example. The carrier or substrate of the value document 100 may comprise or consist of one or more paper layers. The carrier or substrate of the value document 100 may alternatively comprise or consist of one or more plastic layers. Further alternatively, the carrier or substrate of the value document 100 may comprise at least one paper layer and at least one plastic layer.
The security element 10 can be applied to the carrier (or substrate) of the value document 100, for example as a security strip or security patch (patch). The security element is usually provided on a transfer carrier, for example a plastic film, and is subsequently transferred (detached and) from the transfer carrier onto the carrier of the document of value. Alternatively, the security element is introduced into the carrier of the document of value, for example as a security thread. The security element can in particular already be introduced into the carrier during the production of the carrier, for example during the production of paper or film or between two partial layers of the carrier.
Fig. 2 shows the pattern area 20 at a first viewing angle on the left side and the pattern area 20 at a second viewing angle on the right side.
In the pattern region 20, the portion 22a of the first section 21a can be seen by an observer at a first viewing angle. The portion 22a of the first section 21a is visible to an observer as bright at the first viewing angle.
The portion 22a of the first section 21a that can be seen as bright may define the first pattern 30a or a portion of the first pattern 30 a. In the example of fig. 2, the first pattern 30a symbolizes a gecko. The first pattern 30a may have any arbitrary shape. As will be explained in more detail later, at most a portion of the pattern 30a may be visible in the first section 21a. Likewise, the pattern 30a may be fully visible in the first section 21a.
At least a portion 22b of the second section 21b in the pattern area 20 can be seen as dark by an observer at the first viewing angle.
The security element may define an x-y plane. The x-y plane may define an x-axis and a y-axis. The x-axis may be oriented non-parallel to the y-axis, in particular perpendicular to the y-axis.
By flipping the security element 10 with the pattern area 20 around a first axis, for example around the y-axis, the pattern area 20 may be visible to a viewer at a second viewing angle.
The flipping around the y-axis, or in the x-direction, is indicated in fig. 2 by a double arrow with x, where x denotes the x-direction.
At the second viewing angle, the portion 22a of the first section 21a can be seen as dark by the viewer. The portion 22b of the second section 21b is visible to the viewer as bright at the second viewing angle. In the second section 21b, the second pattern 30b may be visible to the observer. A (at most) portion of the second pattern 30b may be visible in the second section 21b to an observer. Likewise, the second pattern 30b may be fully visible in the second section 21b.
The portion 22b of the second section 21b that can be seen as bright may define the second pattern 30b or a portion of the second pattern 30 b. In the example of fig. 2, the second pattern 30b symbolizes a gecko. The second pattern 30b may have any arbitrary shape.
The pattern region 20 may include a plurality of first sections 21a and a plurality of second sections 21b.
The first sections 21a and the second sections 21b may be alternately arranged in the pattern area along the direction of the x-axis. The first sections 21a and the second sections 21b may be alternately arranged in the pattern region in the direction of the y-axis.
The first section 21a may directly abut on the second section 21b. There may be no gap between the first section 21a and the second section 21b.
A plurality of second sections 22b may surround the first section 21b. The second portion 22b in particular completely surrounds the first portion 21b.
The contour of the first section 21a may comprise a section of the plurality of second sections 21b or be formed by a section of the plurality of second sections 21b. The contour of the second section 21b may comprise a section of the plurality of first sections 21a or be formed by a section of the plurality of first sections 21a.
The entire pattern region 20 may be provided with the first section 21a and the second section 21b. In the pattern area 20, there may be one area or a plurality of areas, which are not associated with either the first portion 21a or the second portion 21b.
The pattern region 20 may have an area.
At least 10%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90% of the area of the pattern area 20 is visible to an observer as bright at the first viewing angle.
At the first viewing angle, a maximum of 90%, preferably a maximum of 80%, more preferably a maximum of 70%, more preferably a maximum of 60%, more preferably a maximum of 50%, more preferably a maximum of 40%, more preferably a maximum of 30%, more preferably a maximum of 20%, more preferably a maximum of 10% of the area of the pattern region 20 can be seen as bright by an observer.
Preferably, the area of the pattern region 20 is between 10% and 90%, more preferably between 20% and 80%, more preferably between 30% and 70%, more preferably between 40% and 60%, more preferably between 45% and 55%, which can be seen as bright by a viewer at the first viewing angle.
At least 10%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90% of the area of the pattern area 20 can be seen as dark by a viewer at the first viewing angle.
At a first viewing angle, a maximum of 90%, preferably a maximum of 80%, more preferably a maximum of 70%, more preferably a maximum of 60%, more preferably a maximum of 50%, more preferably a maximum of 40%, more preferably a maximum of 30%, more preferably a maximum of 20%, more preferably a maximum of 10% of the area of the pattern area 20 can be seen as dark by a viewer.
Preferably, the area of the pattern region 20 is between 10% and 90%, more preferably between 20% and 80%, more preferably between 30% and 70%, more preferably between 40% and 60%, more preferably between 45% and 55% of the area can be seen as dark by a viewer at the first viewing angle.
At least 10%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90% of the area of the pattern region 20 can be seen bright by an observer at the second viewing angle.
At the second viewing angle, a maximum of 90%, preferably a maximum of 80%, more preferably a maximum of 70%, more preferably a maximum of 60%, more preferably a maximum of 50%, more preferably a maximum of 40%, more preferably a maximum of 30%, more preferably a maximum of 20%, more preferably a maximum of 10% of the area of the pattern region 20 can be seen as bright by an observer.
Preferably, the area of the pattern region 20 at the second viewing angle is between 10% and 90%, more preferably between 20% and 80%, more preferably between 30% and 70%, more preferably between 40% and 60%, more preferably between 45% and 55%, which can be seen as bright by a viewer.
At least 10%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90% of the area of the pattern area 20 can be seen as dark by a viewer at the second viewing angle.
At the second viewing angle, a maximum of 90%, preferably a maximum of 80%, more preferably a maximum of 70%, more preferably a maximum of 60%, more preferably a maximum of 50%, more preferably a maximum of 40%, more preferably a maximum of 30%, more preferably a maximum of 20%, more preferably a maximum of 10% of the area of the pattern region 20 can be seen as dark by a viewer.
Preferably, the area of the pattern region 20 at the second viewing angle is between 10% and 90%, more preferably between 20% and 80%, more preferably between 30% and 70%, more preferably between 40% and 60%, more preferably between 45% and 55% visible to a viewer as dark.
It is particularly preferred that the area of the pattern region 20 is between 30% and 70% visible to a viewer as bright at the first viewing angle, and the area of the pattern region 20 is between 30% and 70% visible to a viewer as bright at the second viewing angle.
It is particularly preferred that the area of the pattern region 20 is between 30% and 70% visible to a viewer as dark at the first viewing angle and the area of the pattern region 20 is between 30% and 70% visible to a viewer as dark at the second viewing angle.
The face of the pattern area may be visible to an observer as bright or as dark at the first viewing angle. The face of the pattern area may be visible to an observer as bright or as dark at the second viewing angle.
Fig. 3a and 3b each show an exemplary first section 21a of the pattern region 20 from a first viewing angle. The first section 21a need not be fully visible to a viewer at the first viewing angle.
In the first section 21a, the first pattern 30a may be visible to an observer.
The entire area of the first section 21a may be visible to the viewer as bright. The area of the first section 21a may be equal to the area of the first pattern 30 a. The area of the portion 22a of the first section 21a may be equal to the area of the first section 21a. The area of the portion 22a of the first section 21a may be equal to the area of the first pattern 30 a.
At the second viewing angle, the entire area of the first section 21a may be visible as dark to an observer.
The entire area of the second section 21b may be visible to the viewer as bright at the second viewing angle. The area of the second section 21b may be equal to the area of the second pattern 30 b. The area of the portion 22b of the second section 21b may be equal to the area of the second section 21b. The area of the portion 22b of the second section 21b may be equal to the area of the second pattern 30 b.
At the first viewing angle, the entire area of the second section 21b may be visible as dark to an observer.
At the first viewing angle, not the entire area of the first section 21a may be visible to the viewer as bright. This is exemplarily shown in fig. 3 b.
The area of the first section 21a may be larger than that of the first pattern 30 a. The area of the portion 22a of the first section 21a may be smaller than the area of the first section 21a. The area of the portion 22a of the first section 21a may be equal to the area of the first pattern 30 a.
The first section 21a may include an area 25a that is visible to an observer as dark at a first viewing angle. The first section 21a may comprise at least two, preferably at least three, areas which are visible to a viewer as dark at the first viewing angle.
The area 25a of the first section 21a, which is visible to the observer as dark at the first viewing angle, may have the shape of a geometric figure, for example a triangle, a quadrangle or a circle. The area 25a of the first section 21a that is visible to an observer as dark at the first viewing angle may have an irregular shape.
The first section 21a may have a plurality of regions 25a, 26a, 27a which are visible to an observer as dark at the first viewing angle.
One of the regions 25a may have the shape of a geometric figure, such as a triangle, a quadrangle or a circle. A plurality of the regions 25a, 26a may have the shape of a geometric figure, such as a triangle, a quadrangle or a circle. Each of said zones 25a, 26a, 27a may have the shape of a geometric figure, for example a triangle, a quadrangle or a circle. One of the regions 25a may have an irregular shape. A plurality of the regions 25a, 26a may have an irregular shape. Each of the regions 25a, 26a, 27a may have an irregular shape.
The first section 21a may have at least two areas 25a, 27a that are visible to an observer as dark at a first viewing angle. The at least two areas 25a, 27a may have different shapes. The at least two areas 25a, 26a may have the same shape.
At the second viewing angle, not the entire area of the first section 21a may be visible to the viewer as dark. This is similar to the exemplary view in fig. 3 b.
The first section 21a may include an area that is visible to an observer as bright at the second viewing angle. The first section 21a may comprise at least two, preferably at least three, regions that are visible to an observer as bright at the second viewing angle.
The area of the first section 21a that is visible to the viewer as bright at the second viewing angle may have a geometric shape, such as a triangle, a quadrangle or a circle. The area of the first section 21a that is visible to an observer as bright at the second viewing angle may have an irregular shape.
The first section 21a may have a plurality of regions that are visible to the viewer as bright at the second viewing angle.
One of the regions may have the shape of a geometric figure, such as a triangle, a quadrangle, or a circle. A plurality of the regions may have a geometric shape, such as a triangle, a quadrangle, or a circle. Each of the regions may have a geometric shape, such as a triangle, a quadrangle, or a circle. One of the regions may have an irregular shape. A plurality of the regions may have an irregular shape. Each of the regions may have an irregular shape.
The first section 21a may have at least two regions that are visible to an observer as bright at the second viewing angle. The at least two regions may have different shapes. The at least two regions may have the same shape.
Fig. 3c shows an exemplary second section 21b of the pattern area 20 at a second viewing angle. In the second section 21b, the second pattern 30b may be visible to an observer.
At the second viewing angle, not the entire area of the second section 21b may be visible to the viewer as bright. The area of the second section 21b may be larger than that of the second pattern 30 b. The area of the portion 22b of the second section 21b may be smaller than the area of the second section 21b. The area of the portion 22b of the second section 21b may be equal to the area of the second pattern 30 b.
The second section 21b may comprise an area 25b that is visible to an observer as dark at the second viewing angle. The second section 21b may comprise at least two, preferably at least three, areas which are visible to an observer as dark at the second viewing angle.
The area 25b of the second section 21b, which is visible to the observer as dark at the second viewing angle, may have the shape of a geometric figure, for example a triangle, a quadrangle or a circle. The area 25b of the second section 21b, which is visible to the observer as dark at the second viewing angle, may have an irregular shape.
The second section 21b may have a plurality of areas 25b, 26b, 27b which are visible to the viewer as dark at the second viewing angle.
One of the regions 25b may have the shape of a geometric figure, such as a triangle, a quadrangle or a circle. A plurality of the regions 25b, 26b may have the shape of a geometric figure, such as a triangle, a quadrangle, or a circle. Each of said zones 25b, 26b, 27b may have the shape of a geometric figure, for example a triangle, a quadrangle or a circle. One of the regions 25b may have an irregular shape. A plurality of the regions 25b, 26b may have an irregular shape. Each of the regions 25b, 26b, 27b may have an irregular shape.
The second section 21b may have at least two areas 25b, 27b which are visible to the viewer as dark at the second viewing angle. At least two regions 25b, 27b may have different shapes. The at least two areas 25b, 26b may have the same shape.
At the first viewing angle, not the entire area of the second section 21b may be visible to the viewer as dark. This is similar to the exemplary view in fig. 3 c.
The second section 21b may include an area that is visible to an observer as bright at the first viewing angle. The second section 21b may comprise at least two, preferably at least three, regions that are visible to an observer as bright at the first viewing angle.
The area of the second section 21b that is visible to an observer as bright at the first viewing angle may have a geometric shape, such as a triangle, a quadrangle or a circle. The area of the second section 21b that is visible to an observer as bright at the first viewing angle may have an irregular shape.
The second section 21b may have a plurality of regions that are visible to the viewer as bright at the first viewing angle.
One of the regions may have the shape of a geometric figure, such as a triangle, a quadrangle or a circle. A plurality of the regions may have a geometric shape, such as a triangle, a quadrangle, or a circle. Each of the regions may have a geometric shape, such as a triangle, a quadrangle, or a circle. One of the regions may have an irregular shape. A plurality of the regions may have an irregular shape. Each of the regions may have an irregular shape.
The second section 21b may have at least two regions that are visible to an observer as bright at the first viewing angle. The at least two regions may have different shapes. The at least two regions may have the same shape.
The area 25a of the first section 21a that is visible as dark at the first viewing angle may be visible as bright at the second viewing angle. A plurality of the areas 25a, 26a, 27a of the first section 21a that are visible as dark at the first viewing angle may be visible as bright at the second viewing angle. All of the areas 25a, 26a, 27a of the first section 21a that can be seen as dark at the first viewing angle may be seen as bright at the second viewing angle.
The area 25b of the second section 21b that can be seen as dark at the second viewing angle may be seen as bright at the first viewing angle. A plurality of the areas 25b, 26b, 27b of the second section 21b that can be seen as dark at the second viewing angle may be seen as bright at the first viewing angle. All of the areas 25b, 26b, 27b of the second section 21b that can be seen as dark at the second viewing angle may be seen as bright at the first viewing angle.
Fig. 4 shows the pattern area 20 at a first viewing angle on the left side and the pattern area 20 at a second viewing angle on the right side.
In the pattern region 20, the first pattern 30a may be at least partially visible to a viewer at a first viewing angle. The first pattern 30a may be a portion 22a in the first section 21a that can be seen as bright. The portion of the first pattern 30a may be a portion 22a in the first section 21a that can be seen as bright.
The first pattern 30a may have a contour 31a. The first pattern 30a may have a pattern shape 32a. The pattern shape 32a may be determined by the outline 31a of the first pattern 30 a.
In the pattern region 20, at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least five first patterns 30a may be visible to an observer. The patterns 30a may not all be visible at one viewing angle. The pattern 30a may be visible only at multiple viewing angles.
At least two first patterns 30a in the pattern region 20 may have the same pattern shape 32a. All of the first patterns 30a in the pattern region 20 may have the same pattern shape 32a. At least two first patterns 30a in the pattern region 20 may have different pattern shapes 32a. All of the first patterns 30a in the pattern region 20 may have different pattern shapes 32a.
The at least two first patterns 30a may be viewed by an observer in the pattern area 20 rotatably with respect to each other at a first viewing angle. The at least two first patterns 30a may be visible to an observer in the pattern area 20 at a first viewing angle, non-rotated with respect to each other. The at least two first patterns 30a may be visible to an observer in the pattern area 20 with the same orientation as each other at a first viewing angle.
The at least two first patterns 30a may be rotated between 10 ° and 350 °, preferably between 30 ° and 330 °, more preferably between 50 ° and 310 °, more preferably between 70 ° and 290 °, more preferably between 90 ° and 270 °, more preferably between 110 ° and 250 °, more preferably between 130 ° and 230 °, more preferably between 150 ° and 210 °, more preferably between 170 ° and 190 ° relative to each other.
The rotation may be clockwise. The rotation may be in the plane defined by the pattern area 20, especially from the viewpoint of the viewer.
Along one direction, for example along the y-axis, the first patterns 30a may be oriented identically to each other as seen by an observer at a first viewing angle. Along one direction, for example along the x-axis, the first patterns 30a may be oriented identically to each other as seen by an observer at a first viewing angle.
In the pattern region 20, the second pattern 30b may be at least partially visible to the viewer at the second viewing angle. The second pattern 30b may be a portion 22b of the second section 21b that can be seen as bright. The portion of the second pattern 30b may be a portion 22b in the second section 21b that can be seen as bright.
The second pattern 30b may have a contour 31b. The second pattern 30b may have a pattern shape 32b. The pattern shape 32b may be determined by the outline 31b of the second pattern 30 b.
In the pattern region 20, at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least five second patterns 30b may be visible to an observer. The pattern 30b may not be entirely visible at one viewing angle. The pattern 30b may be visible only at multiple viewing angles.
At least two second patterns 30b in the pattern region 20 may have the same pattern shape 32b. All of the second patterns 30b in the pattern region 20 may have the same pattern shape 32b. At least two second patterns 30b in the pattern region 20 may have different pattern shapes 32b. All of the second patterns 30b in the pattern region 20 may have different pattern shapes 32b.
The at least two second patterns 30b may be viewed by an observer in the pattern area 20 rotatably with respect to each other at a first viewing angle. The at least two second patterns 30b may be visible to an observer in the pattern area 20 at a first viewing angle without rotation relative to each other. The at least two second patterns 30b may be visible to an observer in the pattern area 20 with the same orientation as each other at the first viewing angle.
The at least two second patterns 30b may be rotated between 10 ° and 350 °, preferably between 30 ° and 330 °, more preferably between 50 ° and 310 °, more preferably between 70 ° and 290 °, more preferably between 90 ° and 270 °, more preferably between 110 ° and 250 °, more preferably between 130 ° and 230 °, more preferably between 150 ° and 210 °, more preferably between 170 ° and 190 ° relative to each other.
The rotation may be clockwise. The rotation may be in a plane defined by the pattern area 20, especially from the viewpoint of the viewer.
Along one direction, for example along the y-axis, the second patterns 30b may be oriented identically to each other as seen by an observer at a second viewing angle. Along one direction, for example along the x-axis, the second patterns 30b may be oriented identically to each other as seen by an observer at a second viewing angle.
The first pattern 30a, which can be seen by an observer at a first viewing angle, can be seen by the observer while being rotated with respect to the second pattern 30b, which can be seen by the observer at a second viewing angle. All of the first patterns 30a that can be seen by the observer at the first angle of view may be rotationally seen by the observer with respect to all of the second patterns 30b that can be seen by the observer at the second angle of view.
The at least one first pattern 30a that is visible to the viewer at the first viewing angle may be rotated between 10 ° and 170 °, preferably between 30 ° and 150 °, more preferably between 50 ° and 130 °, more preferably between 70 ° and 110 °, more preferably between 80 ° and 100 ° relative to the at least one second pattern 30b that is visible to the viewer at the second viewing angle.
The rotation may be clockwise. The rotation may be in the plane defined by the pattern area 20, especially from the viewpoint of the viewer.
In fig. 5, a pattern region 20 is shown, wherein a kinematic effect is represented by way of example by a main pattern 70, in particular by brightly flashing segments or segments producing a bright effect. The main pattern 70 is represented in fig. 5 by diagonal shading of sections 71, 72 of the pattern region 20, wherein the sections 71, 72 produce no or less bright effect than the main pattern 70. Here, the main pattern 70 is an area not indicated by hatching.
The main pattern 70 may include light sections and dark sections. Even if the host 70 is a section that produces a bright effect or a section that flashes brightly, the host may include light and dark sections.
In the main pattern 70, at least a portion of the pattern 30b may be visible to an observer.
In the main pattern 70, the pattern region 20 may produce a brighter effect, at least in sections, than outside the main pattern 70.
For example, the main pattern 70 may be visible to an observer over at least 1%, preferably at least 3%, more preferably at least 5%, more preferably at least 7%, more preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 20% of the height of the pattern region 20.
The main pattern 70 may be visible to an observer over a maximum of 50%, preferably a maximum of 40%, more preferably a maximum of 30%, more preferably a maximum of 20%, more preferably a maximum of 10% of the height of the pattern region 20.
The main pattern 70 may be visible to an observer between 1% and 50%, preferably between 3% and 40%, more preferably between 5% and 30%, more preferably between 5% and 20%, of the height of the pattern region 20.
The height of the pattern area 20 may be in the y direction.
The main pattern 70 may be visible to an observer over at least 10%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95% of the width of the pattern region 20. It is particularly preferable that the main pattern 70 be visible to the viewer over the entire width of the pattern region 20.
The width of the pattern region 20 may be in the x-direction.
The host pattern 70 may be permanently visible to an observer by flipping the security element 10 about a first axis, e.g., the y-axis. The location of the host 70 may be constantly visible to a viewer by flipping the security element 10 about a first axis, e.g., the y-axis. The location of the host pattern 70 may be independent of the flipping of the security element 10 about a first axis, e.g., the y-axis.
Fig. 6 shows the pattern region 20 at the first viewing angle on the upper part and the pattern region 20 at the third viewing angle on the lower part.
At a first viewing angle, the main pattern 70 may be visible to an observer at a first position in the pattern region 20. At the third viewing angle, the main pattern 70 may be visible to the observer at the second position in the pattern region 20.
The transition from the first perspective to the third perspective may be performed by flipping the security element 10 around a second axis, e.g. the x-axis.
In fig. 6, the flip around the x-axis is indicated by a double arrow. y denotes a flip in the y-axis direction.
By flipping the security element 10, the host pattern 70 can change its position in relation to the viewing angle. The change in position of the host pattern 70 caused by the flipping over of the security element 10 can act (or effect) continuously on the viewer.
The positional variation of the host pattern 10 may be visible to an observer through flipping of the security element 10 over at least 10%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90% of the height or width of the pattern region 20.
The first pattern 30a may be permanently visible to a viewer when the security element is flipped around the second axis. All of the first patterns 30a may be permanently visible to a viewer when the security element is flipped about the second axis. All of the first patterns 30a outside of the primary pattern 70 may be permanently visible to an observer upon flipping the security element about the second axis.
The second pattern 30b may be permanently visible to a viewer when the security element is flipped around the second axis. All of the second patterns 30b may be permanently visible to a viewer when the security element is flipped around the second axis. All of the second patterns 30b outside of the primary pattern 70 may be permanently visible to an observer upon flipping the security element about the second axis.
Host pattern 70 is an example of a kinematic effect that can be seen by an observer by flipping the security element about a second axis.
Other kinematic effects may be visible to the observer similar to the exemplary described variation in the position of the host pattern 70 within the pattern region 20.
For example, by flipping the security element 10, a change in the position, size, and/or shape of the first pattern 30a can be visible. Alternatively or additionally, the change in position, size, and/or shape of the second pattern 30b can be visible by flipping the security element 10.
Fig. 7 shows the pattern region 20 at the first viewing angle on the upper left, the pattern region 20 at the second viewing angle on the upper right, the pattern region 20 at the third viewing angle on the lower left and the pattern region 20 at the fourth viewing angle on the lower right.
At the first viewing angle, at least a portion of the first pattern 30a in the pattern region 20 can be seen by the observer. The main pattern 70, particularly the section that produces the bright effect, can be seen at a first position in the pattern region 20 at a first viewing angle.
At the second viewing angle, at least a portion of the second pattern 30b in the pattern region 20 can be seen by the observer. The main pattern 70, particularly the section that produces the bright effect, can be seen at the first position in the pattern region 20 at the second viewing angle.
At the third viewing angle, at least a portion of the first pattern 30a in the pattern region 20 can be seen by the observer. The main pattern 70, particularly the section that produces the bright effect, can be seen at the second position in the pattern region 20 at the third viewing angle.
At the fourth viewing angle, at least a portion of the second pattern 30b in the pattern region 20 can be seen by the observer. The main pattern 70, particularly the section that produces the bright effect, can be seen at the second position in the pattern region 20 at the fourth viewing angle.
The transition from the first viewing angle to the second viewing angle may be able to be performed by flipping the security element 10 around a first axis, for example around a y-axis. The transition from the second viewing angle to the first viewing angle may be performed by flipping the security element 10 around the first axis, e.g. around the y-axis.
The transition from the first viewing angle to the third viewing angle may be able to be performed by flipping the security element 10 around the second axis, for example around the x-axis. The transition from the third viewing angle to the first viewing angle may be able to be performed by flipping the security element 10 around a second axis, for example around an x-axis.
The transition from the second viewing angle to the fourth viewing angle may be able to be performed by flipping the security element 10 around a second axis, for example around the x-axis. The transition from the fourth viewing angle to the second viewing angle may be able to be performed by flipping the security element 10 around a second axis, for example around the x-axis.
The transition from the third viewing angle to the fourth viewing angle can be performed by flipping the security element 10 around the first axis, for example around the y-axis. The transition from the fourth perspective to the third perspective can be performed by flipping the security element 10 around the first axis, for example around the y-axis.
Thus, the flip effect and kinematic effect described above may be viewable by an observer by flipping the security element 10 about different axes.
The visibility of the pattern may change when the security element 10 is flipped around the first axis. For example, at least a portion of the first pattern 30a may be visible to an observer before turning the security element 10 about the first axis, and at least a portion of the second pattern 30b may be visible to an observer after turning the security element 10 about the first axis. No portion of the second pattern 30b may be visible to an observer prior to turning the security element 10 about the first axis, and no portion of the first pattern 30a may be visible to an observer after turning the security element 10 about the first axis.
The (further) kinematic effect may not be visible in the security element 10 when the security element 10 is flipped around the first axis. The position of the main pattern 70, in particular of the sections producing the bright effect, may in particular not be changed by the tilting of the security element 10 about the first axis.
The kinematic effect can be seen in the pattern area when the security element 10 is flipped around the second axis. For example, the host pattern 70 may be visible to an observer at a first position prior to flipping the security element 10 about a second axis, and the host pattern 70 may be visible to an observer at a second position after flipping the security element 10 about the second axis.
When the security element 10 is tilted about the second axis, the visibility of the pattern can be changed at least in sections in the security element 10. At least a portion of the first pattern 30a or at least a portion of the second pattern 30b may be visible to an observer in the pattern area 20, in particular when the security element 10 is flipped around the second axis.
Similarly to fig. 7, fig. 8 shows the pattern region 20 at the first viewing angle on the upper left, the pattern region 20 at the second viewing angle on the upper right, the pattern region 20 at the third viewing angle on the lower left and the pattern region 20 at the fourth viewing angle on the lower right.
At the first viewing angle, at least a portion of the first pattern 30a in the pattern region 20 can be seen by the observer. The main pattern 70, particularly the section that produces the bright effect, can be seen at a first position in the pattern region 20 at a first viewing angle.
At the second viewing angle, at least a portion of the second pattern 30b in the pattern region 20 can be seen by the observer. The main pattern 70, particularly the section that produces the bright effect, can be seen at the first position in the pattern region 20 at the second viewing angle.
At the third viewing angle, at least a portion of the first pattern 30a in the pattern region 20 can be seen by the observer. The main pattern 70, particularly the section that produces the bright effect, can be seen at the second position in the pattern region 20 at the third viewing angle.
At the fourth viewing angle, at least a portion of the first pattern 30b in the pattern region 20 can be seen by the observer. The main pattern 70, particularly the section that produces the bright effect, can be seen at the second position in the pattern region 20 at the fourth viewing angle.
In the example of fig. 8, the first pattern 30a is a fish and the second pattern 30b is a bird. At least a portion of the first pattern 30a can be seen at a first viewing angle and at least a portion of the second pattern 30b can be seen at a second viewing angle.
The first pattern 30a and the second pattern 30b may be differentiated. The first pattern 30a and the second pattern 30b may not be the same.
At least one of the first patterns 30a that can be seen in the pattern region 20 may be distinguished from at least one of the second patterns 30b that can be seen in the pattern region 20. A plurality of the first patterns 30a that can be seen in the pattern area 20 may be distinguished from at least one of the second patterns 30b that can be seen in the pattern area 20. All of the first patterns 30a that can be seen in the pattern region 20 may be distinguished from at least one of the second patterns 30b that can be seen in the pattern region 20.
A plurality of the first patterns 30a that can be seen by the viewer in the pattern region 20 may be identical to each other. All the first patterns 30a that can be seen by the viewer in the pattern region 20 may be identical to each other.
A plurality of the second patterns 30b that can be seen by the viewer in the pattern region 20 may be identical to each other. All of the second patterns 30b that can be seen by the viewer in the pattern region 20 may be identical to each other.
The solutions described above in particular with respect to fig. 1 to 7 apply to the example of fig. 8.
List of reference numerals
10. Security element
20. Pattern region
21a first section
22a part of the first section
Region 25a
Region 26a
Region 27a
21b second section
22b part of the second section
Region 25b
Region 26b
Region 27b
30a first pattern
31a profile
32a pattern shape
30b second pattern
31b profile
32b pattern shape
70 main pattern
71. Segments outside of the main pattern
72. Segments outside of the main pattern
100. Value document

Claims (17)

1. An optically variable security element (10) having a patterned region (20),
(a) The pattern area (20) comprises at least one first section (21 a) and at least one second section (21 b);
(b) At least a portion (22 a) of the first section (21 a) of the pattern area (20) is visible to an observer as bright at least at a first viewing angle, and at least a portion (22 b) of the second section (21 b) of the pattern area (20) is dark at least at the first viewing angle, so that at least a portion of the first pattern (30 a) is visible to the observer as bright at the first viewing angle;
(c) Said portion (22 a) of the first section (21 a) of the pattern area (20) is dark at least at a second viewing angle and said portion of the second section (21 b) of the pattern area (20) is visible to be bright to an observer at least at said second viewing angle, so that to the observer at least a portion of the second pattern (30 b) is visible to be bright at the second viewing angle;
(d) The transition from the first viewing angle to the second viewing angle can be performed by flipping the optically variable security element (10) around the first axis;
(e) Wherein, for an observer, the main pattern (70) of the pattern region (20) can also be seen through the portions (22 a, 22 b) of the segments (21 a, 21 b) that can be seen as light or as dark;
(f) By flipping the optically variable security element (10) around a second axis which is not parallel to the first axis, a viewer can see the kinematic effect in the pattern area (20).
2. The optically variable security element (10) according to claim 1, wherein the first section (21 a) of the patterned region (20) and the second section (21 b) of the patterned region (20) directly adjoin one another, or wherein the first section (21 a) of the patterned region (20) and the second section (21 b) of the patterned region (20) are spaced apart from one another.
3. Optically variable security element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pattern region (20) comprises segments which are visible to an observer as light or dark at both the first and the second viewing angle.
4. The optically variable security element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the main pattern (70) is visible to an observer from a first and a second viewing angle; in particular
-visible through a portion of the first pattern of the at least one first section (21 a) and/or a first pattern of the plurality of first sections (21 a) visible as bright at the first viewing angle; and/or
-visible through a portion of the second pattern of the at least one second section (21 a) and/or a second pattern of a plurality of second sections (21 a) visible as bright at the second viewing angle; and/or
Better identification is possible by flipping around the first and/or second axis.
5. Optically variable security element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first pattern (30 a) has a first pattern shape (32 a) and the second pattern (30 b) has a second pattern shape (32 b), wherein the first pattern shape (32 a) is identical to the second pattern shape (32 b) or wherein the first pattern shape (32 a) is different from the second pattern shape (32 b).
6. Optically variable security element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first pattern (30 a) is visible to an observer in a rotatable manner relative to the second pattern (30 b), in particular wherein the first pattern (30 a) can be brought into register with the second pattern (30 b) by rotation, or wherein the first pattern (30 a) cannot be brought into register with the second pattern (30 b) by rotation.
7. Optically variable security element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first pattern (30 a) has a first contour (31 a) and the second pattern (30 b) has a second contour (31 b), wherein the first contour (31 a) and the second contour (31 b) each comprise at least two curved sections.
8. Optically variable security element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least five first sections (21 a) of the pattern area (20) are visible to an observer and at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least five second sections (21 b) of the pattern area (20) are visible to an observer.
9. Optically variable security element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein:
-the respective positions of the first section (21 a) and the second section (21 b) are unchanged when the optically variable security element (10) is flipped around the second axis; and/or
-said portion (22 a) of the first segment (21 a) can be seen as light or as dark when the optically variable security element (10) is flipped around the second axis; and/or
-said portion (22 b) of the second section (21 b) can be seen as light or as dark when the optically variable security element (10) is flipped around the second axis.
10. Optically variable security element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the area of the first section (21 a) of the pattern region (20) is visible to an observer to a degree of at least 60% as bright at least the first viewing angle, and the area of the second section (21 b) of the pattern region (20) is visible to an observer to a degree of at least 60% as dark at least the first viewing angle; and/or wherein the area of the first section (21 a) of the pattern area (20) is visible to an observer to be at least 60% dark at least said second viewing angle and the area of the second section (21 b) of the pattern area (20) is visible to an observer to be at least 60% bright at least said second viewing angle.
11. Optically variable security element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the optically variable security element (10) defines an x-y plane and comprises a plurality of facets (111), wherein the facets (111) are inverted with respect to the x-y plane.
12. The optically variable security element (10) according to claim 11, wherein each of the facets (111) defines a normal vector (n) having a first orientation component and a second orientation component.
13. The optically variable security element (10) according to claim 12, wherein the transition from the portion (22 a) of the first portion (21 a) that is visible to the observer to the dark is determined by a first orientation component of the normal vector (n); and/or wherein a transition from a portion (22 b) of the second section (21 b) that can be seen by an observer as dark to a portion (22 b) of the second section (21 b) that can be seen by an observer as light is determined by a first directional component of the normal vector (n).
14. Optically variable security element (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
-the kinematic effect comprises a relative movement of the main pattern (70) to the first pattern (30 a) and/or to the second pattern (30 b), in particular to the first pattern (30 a) of the first sector (21 a) and/or to the second pattern (30 b) of the second sector (21 b);
-the kinematic effect comprises a change in the position, size or shape of the main pattern (70), in particular of the zones that produce the brighter effect; and/or
-the kinematic effect comprises a change of position of the first pattern (30 a) and/or the second pattern (30 b); and/or
-the kinematic effect comprises a change in the size of the first pattern (30 a) and/or the second pattern (30 b); and/or
-the kinematic effect comprises a change of shape of the first pattern (30 a) and/or the second pattern (30 b).
15. Optically variable security element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the kinematic effect is visible to an observer over at least 10% of the height or width of the pattern area (20).
16. The optically variable security element (10) according to one of claims 11 to 15, wherein the kinematic effect is determined by the second directional component of the normal vector (n).
17. Value document (100) having an optically variable security element (10) according to one of the preceding claims.
CN202210441634.5A 2021-05-03 2022-04-25 Optically variable security element and value document with an optically variable security element Pending CN115284770A (en)

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