CN1152841A - Software protection method capable of making authorization automatic invalidation - Google Patents
Software protection method capable of making authorization automatic invalidation Download PDFInfo
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- CN1152841A CN1152841A CN 95120482 CN95120482A CN1152841A CN 1152841 A CN1152841 A CN 1152841A CN 95120482 CN95120482 CN 95120482 CN 95120482 A CN95120482 A CN 95120482A CN 1152841 A CN1152841 A CN 1152841A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a leased software protection method for one-way propagation system including cable television and satellite aerail, etc. Said method can make the hirer of a software be unable to use continuously it after the lease term of said software expires. Said invented method is characterized by that when authorizing, the time-signal sets of hirer end and transmitting end are synchronized, then according to the broadcasting time of said software, the standard time signal of transmitting end can be transfered to hirer end, and compared with time of hirer end, and if the error between the above mentioned both ends exceeds the preset range, it can actuate the software or hardware control program to stop said program.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of guard method of renting software, refer in particular to a kind of cable TV that is applied to, the software broadcasting system that satellite antenna etc. are unidirectional can't continue to use after lease expiration so that rent the family, reaches the purpose that software is rented in protection.
The electronic game machine of being sold on the market at present comprises main frame and software cartridge two partly, and wherein software cartridge mostly is extractable and changeable, just behind the selected a kind of main frame of consumer, buys software cartridge according to the hobby of oneself again.Generally speaking, software program on the cartridge and data major part store with the IC storage device, this storage device comprises mask read-only memory device (Mask ROM), but erasing type storage device (EPROM) or (EEPROM) or disposable programmable storage device (One TimePROM) etc., as shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 1 has shown a typical traditional tv game machine system, and this system can be divided into receiving terminal main frame 101, rocking bar (joystick) 102 and recreation cartridge 103, and display 104 grades four partly.Wherein, receiving terminal main frame 101 comprises, central processing unit 105 is in order to the computing of executive program; Random-access memory (ram) 108 is as the usefulness of program execution temporal data, and it can be Working RAM or WRAM; Graphic process unit 106, video memory 110, Sound Processor Unit 107, TV signal synthesizer 109 grades then can further be handled the image and the sound of recreation, to increase the entertainment effect of recreation, read-only memory (ROM) 111 stores games programs (game program).Rocking bar 102 connects TV device main frame 101 the carrying out with the control recreation.104 of displays receive TV signal that game host passes on and it are presented on the screen.
The protection of many kinds of mode softwares for rental is arranged.For example; the protective device of on expansion slot commonly used on the PC, being inserted (being commonly called as KeyPro); utilize stored useful life data in real-time clock device (real-time clock) on it and the storage device, whether decidable user's useful life lost efficacy.And for example, at work station) on, can utilize built-in real-time clock device and useful life data, with the program of executive software protection.Real-time clock device output current time signal (current time) and with the stored useful life data of storage device relatively, to judge that the user whether still in useful life, carries out control program again.The protective device that real-time clock device on the work station also can be contained on the expansion slot to be inserted is modified to prevent data.In addition, also illegally changed for preventing the useful life data, can be with it encryption, when program is carried out again with it deciphering, to judge that the user is whether still in effective life.
Above-mentioned guard method can add the usefulness of a real-time clock device 114 as timing in the realization of electronic game machine.When recreation is carried out, then read the signal and a useful life of this real-time clock device 114 and make comparisons, judge that can the user whether in effective life, proceed with the decision recreation., the shortcoming of the method is if the useful life data are replicated or real-time clock device 114 is modified, then protection was just lost efficacy.
Purchase recreation cartridge is very convenient and do not meet economic benefit, because different recreation needs different cartridges, the cost of being accumulated of getting off for a long time will be very considerable.The circulation way that a kind of software is arranged at present in addition promptly utilizes cable TV (CableTV) or satellite to broadcast Games Software.The user only need buy or rent games main frame and receiving system, and the lease expenses of payment software, can pass through receiving system, receives games from the transmission line of cable TV or by satellite receiver, and is written into game host to play.
Referring to Fig. 2, it is a basic cable TV or the structure chart of satellite transmission software.As shown in the figure, software initiator 216 is cable TV or satellite transmission end.Software initiator 216 is launched broadcast singals, and is received by the receiving system 203 of user side.Receiving converter 214 is converted to digital signal with broadcast singal, and the digital signal after will changing via data/address bus 213 again is delivered in the memory 217.101 of game hosts read routine data in the memory 217 to play.The main difference of Fig. 2 and Fig. 1 is to replace recreation cartridge 103 with a receiving system 203, and the function of its main frame 201 is same as in figure 1 basically, repeats no more.
Fig. 3 also is the structure chart that a software is propagated, and it and Fig. 2 are very close, and difference only is receiving system 303 partly.Receiving converter 214 and the memory 217 shared data/address buss 213 of Fig. 2, the data/address bus 313 of Fig. 3 then only transmit the usefulness of data to memory 317 for receiving system 314.314 of receiving converters directly convert the broadcast singal that cable TV or satellite transmitted to routine data, deliver to memory 317.Central processing unit 305 can read games and data in the memory 317 via address bus 312.The mode of Fig. 3 can be described as dual-port (dual-port) practice, and it is different promptly writing with the path of reading.
Compare with previous recreation cartridge, transmit software with broadcast mode and can reduce the cost of buying cartridge, but and the up-to-date games of real-time release, use for the user.Yet when Games Software transmitted with broadcast mode, everyone can receive signal.Therefore, how to prevent effectively that the user from still continuing to use after lease expiration, this is businessman's problem the most deeply concerned.
Main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for protecting software, and it can utilize the comparison of the frequency error of oscillator, prevents that effectively the user from using the follow-up continuous use of expiration.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of easy method for protecting software, utilize original timer to replace storing the memory of useful life, preventing the illegal useful life of duplicating, and save the cost of storage unit.
Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of reliable method for protecting software, automatically performs control program after using expiration the user, must artificially not control.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for protecting software, makes its time of authorize losing efficacy because of every different othernesses that nature is arranged of the employed timing oscillator of machine, the difficulty that cracks with increase.
Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that can shake the time set of control user side via diffuse instructions, makes the user after paying, can be by the expanded service life immediately of the control on the line.
Based on above-mentioned purpose, the present invention relates to a kind of guard method of renting software, particularly a kind of cable TV that is applied to, method for protecting software is rented by one way propagation systems such as satellite antenna, can't continue to use after lease expiration so that rent the family.The present invention mainly utilizes the frequency error of oscillator, utilize the contrast of time signal, and the program of Control Software is carried out effectively.Method of the present invention is when authorizing, and earlier that the timing signal of user side and transmitting terminal is synchronous, then, when software was broadcast, the time reference signal of transmitting terminal can be broadcast to user side, with the time ratio of user side.If both errors exceed default scope, then the control program of executive software or hardware can't carry out program.
Fig. 1 is the traditional electronic game machine card, kit system of a typical case.
Fig. 2 is a basic cable TV or the Organization Chart of satellite transmission software.
Fig. 3 is the Organization Chart of another cable TV or satellite transmission software.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the system block diagram of the present invention corresponding to Fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is the present invention's another system block diagram corresponding to Fig. 2.
Fig. 7 is the system block diagram of the present invention corresponding to Fig. 3.
Fig. 8 is the present invention's another system block diagram corresponding to Fig. 3.
Fig. 9 installs the system block diagram of a countermeasure set additional corresponding to Fig. 3 for the present invention.
Figure 10 A is the embodiment of a kind of software countermeasure set of the present invention.
Figure 10 B is the embodiment of another kind of hardware countermeasure set of the present invention.
Figure 10 C is the embodiment of the signal generation device of Figure 10 A.
Figure 11 is the discontinuous signal that signal generation device produced of Figure 10 A.
The invention is characterized in the oscillator spontaneous frequency error of every Fabrication parameter in manufacture process that utilizes timer, make the user after useful life is full, because of the error of the real-time clock device (real-time clock) of user side and the standard timer of broadcasting end exceeds the scope of setting, and user's mandate is disappeared automatically, can't continue to use.
The present invention use the high time set of accuracy with current time signal (current time) along with software program is broadcast to user side.User side has a real-time clock device in addition, the current time signal of exportable user side.When authorizing, that the real-time clock device of user side is synchronous with the time set of broadcasting end.This synchronous step can be sent a synch command by broadcasting end, makes the real-time clock device of user side synchronous with the time set of broadcasting end.Certainly, in synch command, can utilize this user's identification code to make this synch command only effective to the user of appointment.And the broadcasting of this synch command can make the user use immediately after the expense of having paid for carrying out on line.Synchronous method can be when licensing to the client, and producer and client are carried out simultaneously or be only synchronous to the user side feed signals time.
In between user's effective life, the receiving system of user side reads current time signal from the signal that transmitting terminal passes, and it current time signal with user side is compared.If both lead times exceed set point, represent that then this user's useful life is full.Because the oscillation error of each timer is not quite similar, therefore, even two users apply for the right to use simultaneously, also will be, and after causing using expiration because of the oscillation error difference of timer, the time limit of the authorizing gap before and after having that disappears automatically.The advantage of the method is to increase the difficulty that cracks.
Fig. 4 shows flowchart of the present invention.Suppose that before this broadcast the time set of end and the real-time clock device of user side and finished synchronized step, in useful life, user's useful life controlled step is as follows:
401: broadcast out broadcast singal by cable TV or satellite, comprising the current time signal of standard;
402: user side receives this broadcast singal and reads the current time signal of wherein contained standard;
403: whether the current time signal of criterion is data encrypted; If then carry out 404; Otherwise, then carry out 405;
404: the current time signal of standard is deciphered, made it to become the pattern that main frame can read;
405: at user side, main frame reads the current time signal of user side;
406: the current time signal of standard of comparison and the current time signal of user side, and judge whether its error exceeds set point; If then carry out 407; Otherwise, carry out 408;
407: carry out the time limit control program;
408: the normal execution.
The time ratio of step 406 can utilize software program or hardware circuit to implement.The time limit control program has many kinds of modes, utilizes software program to make the program of central processing unit execution error as (1); (2) utilize software program to end the execution action of central processing unit; (3) utilize software program to show that " useful life is expired, please continue to pay the fees " figures or Word message are on screen; (4) utilize the pattern of switch access memory, the carrying out of control program selects normal pattern that program is normally carried out, and selects wrong pattern then to make the data of memory output error make program error carry out or crash; (5) utilize hardware circuit or software control signal, make signal generation device produce interrupted signal, the data/address bus of disturbance storage and address bus make central processing unit 105 receive wrong signal, to reach the purpose of interference; (6) hardware circuit is connected to the reset signal (RESET) of system, directly ends the execution action of central processing unit.Above method all directly or indirectly interference program carry out, reach the protection broadcast software purpose.
The present invention comprises some basic elements of character, as shown in Figure 5.Situation when the present invention shown in Figure 5 is installed in Fig. 2.Software initiator 516 sends broadcast singal, wherein comprises time signal.The generation of time signal is produced by a timing oscillator.Time signal can be the standard time in Christian era or any for converting used data of time to.User side must have a receiving system 503, the broadcast singal and the current time signal that are sent in order to receiving software transmitting terminal 516, and current time signal is delivered to comparison means 518.Receiving system 503 comprises a real-time clock device 515, in order to timing and current time of exporting user side.For calculating the user whether still in effective life, the current time of real-time clock device 515 output user sides is to comparison means 518.Comparison means 518 is the current time signal and the time signal of broadcasting end of user side relatively, and whether decision errors surpasses a predefined scope.If the useful life of then representing the user is mistake, must executive control program.Otherwise the user can normally use.
Comparison means 518 is exported result of determination via control line 517 control signal reaches the readable and writable memory 519 of changeable readout mode.The function of memory 519 is for switching the pattern that random access memory is read.Wherein, pattern 0 is a normal mode, exportable correct data; Pattern 1 is an error pattern, the data of exportable mistake.If user's useful life is out of date, then control line 517 output control signals 1 make memory 519 switch to error pattern, and program error is carried out or deadlock.Otherwise control line 517 output control signals 0 make the correct data of memory 519 outputs, and program are normally carried out.Above-mentioned comparison means 518 can omit, and its function of judging effective life can be replaced by central processing unit 505 software program for execution.
Fig. 6 shows the another kind of situation when the present invention is installed in Fig. 2.Its function and Fig. 5 are close.Different is that control line 617 is connected near conversion equipment 614.Receiving converter 614 also has two kinds of patterns: pattern 0 is normal mode, exportable correct data; Pattern 1 is an error pattern, the data of exportable mistake.If user's useful life is out of date, then control line 617 output control signals 1 make receiving converter 614 switch to error pattern, are wrong or deadlock so that be written into the program of memory 619.Otherwise control line 617 output control signals 0 make the correct data of receiving converter 614 outputs, and program are normally carried out.
Fig. 7 shows the situation when the present invention is installed in Fig. 3.Software transmitting terminal 716 sends broadcast singal, wherein comprises current time signal.Fig. 7 shows that comparison means 718 connects the situation of data/address bus 713, address bus 712 and receiving converter 714.Comparison means 718 has a control line 717 to be connected to the readable and writable memory 719 of changeable readout mode, and exports control signal.The function of memory 719 is the same with the memory of Fig. 5 519, has normal mode and error pattern.When user's useful life was out of date, comparison means 718 output control signals 1 reached memory 719 via control line 717, make memory 719 switch to error pattern, and program is normally carried out.Otherwise memory 719 output control signals 0 are delivered to memory 719 via control line 717, make the correct data of memory 719 outputs, and program is normally carried out.
Fig. 8 shows the another kind of situation when the present invention is installed in Fig. 3, and its function and Fig. 7 are close.Different is that control line 817 is connected to receiving converter 814.Receiving converter 814 also has two kinds of patterns: pattern 0 is normal mode, exportable correct data; Pattern 1 is an error pattern, the data of exportable mistake.If user's useful life is out of date, then comparison means 818 outputs 1 are delivered to receiving converter 814 via control line 817, make it to switch to error pattern, and it is wrong making the routine data that is sent to memory 819, and make program error carry out or crash.Otherwise comparison means 818 output control signals 0 are delivered to receiving converter 814 via control line 817, make the correct data of receiving converter 814 outputs, and program is normally carried out.
Fig. 9 is an another embodiment of the present invention, and it is the functional-block diagram that installs a countermeasure set 920 in Fig. 8 additional.The detailed setting of countermeasure set 920 is referring to Figure 10 A, and Figure 10 B reaches Figure 10 C.Figure 10 A shows the device of a kind of EVAC (Evacuation Network Computer Model) bus (sys-tem bus).This device can produce discontinuous signal interfering data bus and address bus.When user's useful life was expired, the software control procedure of receiving terminal main frame reached a latch devices 1002 by interface device 1001 with control signal, with enabling signal generation device (signal generator) 1003.Latch devices 1002 can be a latch (latch) or trigger (flip-flop).Signal generation apparatus 1003 can be a counter (counter) or random number generator (ran-dom number generator).Signal generation apparatus 1003 produces a series of discontinuous signal to start a switching device 1004 because of the enabling signal of latch devices 1002.Switching device 1004 can be a N type metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (NMOS), an or P-type mos field-effect transistor (PMOS), or transistor (transister), it act as data/address bus is urged to a predetermined potential, as power supply potential (VCC), or earthing potential (GND), to reach the purpose of interference.
Figure 10 B is for reaching the purpose of interference with hardware mode.Comparison means 1010 outputs one control signal to signal generation apparatus 1013.Signal generation apparatus 1013 can be a counter (counter) or random number generator (random numbergenerator).When user's useful life was expired, comparison means 1010 outputs one enabling signal was to signal generation apparatus 1013.Signal generation apparatus 913 starts a switching device 1014 because of enabling signal.Switching device 1014 can be a N type metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (NMOS), or a P-type mos field-effect transistor (PMOS), data/address bus is urged to a predetermined potential, as power supply potential, or earthing potential, to reach the purpose of interference.
Figure 10 C is the embodiment of a kind of discontinuous signal generating means of Figure 10 A.The discontinuous signal generating means can be implemented by counter.Figure 10 C is the counter of one three bit.
Figure 11 is the discontinuous signal that signal generation apparatus produced of Figure 10 C.Starting in the period 1101, signal generation apparatus along with time pulse output by 0 to 7 number, be 7 o'clock at counter, then drive diverter switch, with the data-driven of data/address bus to power supply potential, or earthing potential.
The above only is a most preferred embodiment of the present invention, and has obtained practical effect widely, and all equalizations of doing according to claims of the application change and revise, and all belong to the scope that patent of the present invention contains.
Claims (28)
1. one kind can make and authorizes the method for protecting software cease to be in force automatically, and this method can automatically perform control program after utilizing cable TV or satellite to broadcast to rent user's lease expiration of software, and this method comprises:
(a) according to the identification code of user side, with the time signal and the standard current time signal synchronization of broadcasting end of user side;
(b) current time signal of broadcast standard is to user side, and the current time signal of this standard transmits with renting software;
(c) current time signal that software reads this standard of renting from receiving;
(d) the time error value of the current time signal of the standard of the current time signal of calculating user side and broadcasting end; And
(e) when this time error value exceeds set point, carry out the time limit control program.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein above-mentioned turning to synchronously when authorizing utilized control program on the identification code of user side and the line, makes the real-time clock device of the timer of broadcasting end and user side synchronous.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein above-mentioned broadcasting end and the employed timing oscillator of each above-mentioned user side have the error of setting.
4. method according to claim 1, the current time signal of the current time signal of wherein above-mentioned standard and above-mentioned user side is for supplying any form of the usefulness of the time that is converted to.
5. method according to claim 1, the data of the current time signal of the current time signal of wherein above-mentioned standard and above-mentioned user side for encrypting.
6. method according to claim 1, wherein above-mentioned time limit control program comprises:
The pattern of demonstration use expiration or literal are on screen.
7. method according to claim 1, wherein above-mentioned time limit control program comprises:
Output control signals to receiving converter;
Switch this receiving converter to error pattern and output error data to system bus; And
Central processing unit reads the misdata that this system bus transmits, and program can't be carried out.
8. method according to claim 1, wherein above-mentioned time limit control program comprises:
Output control signals to random access storage device; And
Switch this random access storage device to error pattern and output error data to system bus; And
Central processing unit reads the misdata that this system bus transmits, and program can't be carried out.
9. method according to claim 1, wherein above-mentioned time limit control program comprises:
Produce interference signal to system bus; And
Central processing unit reads the interrupted data that this system bus transmits, and program can't be carried out.
10. method according to claim 1, wherein above-mentioned time limit control program comprises:
The output reset signal is to central processing unit and this central processing unit that resets.
11. the method that the traveling software rented is ceased to be in force automatically after lease expiration, this method comprises:
(a) calculate user side and the time error value of broadcasting end;
(b) when this time error value exceeds set point, output control signals to receiving converter; And
(c) switch this receiving converter to error pattern and output error data and read, program can't normally be carried out for central processing unit.
12. method according to claim 11, above-mentioned steps (1) comprises:
According to the identification code of user side, with the time signal and the time reference signal synchronization of broadcasting end of user side.
13. method according to claim 11, above-mentioned steps (2) comprises:
The current time signal that transmits the broadcasting end is in each user side, and this current time signal transmits with renting software; And
Read this present time signal from the software of renting that receives.
14. method according to claim 11, the current time signal of wherein above-mentioned broadcasting end and above-mentioned user's current time signal is for supplying any form of the usefulness of the time that is converted to.
15. method according to claim 11, the data of the current time signal of wherein above-mentioned broadcasting end and above-mentioned user's current time signal for encrypting.
16. method according to claim 11, wherein above-mentioned receiving converter have two kinds of patterns, correct pattern makes the data output of system bus normal, and error pattern makes the data output error of system bus.
17. the method that the traveling software rented is ceased to be in force automatically after lease expiration, this method comprises:
(a) calculate user side and the time error value of broadcasting end;
(b) when this time error value exceeds set point, output control signals to random access storage device; And
(c) switch this random access storage device to error pattern and output error data and read, program can't normally be moved for central processing unit.
18. method according to claim 17, above-mentioned step (1) comprises:
According to the identification code of user side, with the time signal and the time reference signal synchronization of broadcasting end of user side.
19. method according to claim 17, above-mentioned step (2) comprises:
The current time signal that transmits the broadcasting end is in each user side, and this current time signal transmits with renting software; And
Read this current time signal from the software of renting that receives.
20. method according to claim 17, the current time signal of wherein above-mentioned broadcasting end and above-mentioned user's current time signal is for supplying any form of the usefulness of the time that is converted to.
21. method according to claim 17, the data of the current time signal of wherein above-mentioned broadcasting end and above-mentioned user's current time signal for encrypting.
22. method according to claim 17, wherein above-mentioned random access storage device have two kinds of patterns, correct pattern makes this random access storage device output normal data, and error pattern makes this random access storage device output error data.
23. the method that the traveling software rented is ceased to be in force automatically after lease expiration, this method comprises:
(a) according to the identification code of user side, with the time signal and the time reference signal synchronization of broadcasting end of user side;
(b) current time signal of broadcast standard is in each user side, and the current time signal of this standard transmits with renting software;
(c) current time signal that software reads this standard of renting from receiving;
(d) the time error value of the current time signal of the current time signal of calculating user side and this standard; And
(e) when this time error value exceeds set point, produce interference signal to the data read of system bus with the interference central processing unit.
24. method according to claim 23, wherein above-mentioned turning to synchronously when authorizing utilized control program on the identification code of user side and the line, makes the real-time clock device of the timer of broadcasting end and user side synchronous.
25. method according to claim 23, wherein above-mentioned broadcasting end and the employed timing oscillator of each above-mentioned user side have the error of setting.
26. method according to claim 23, the current time signal of the current time signal of wherein above-mentioned standard and above-mentioned user side is for supplying any form of the usefulness of the time that is converted to.
27. method according to claim 23, the data of the present time signal of the current time signal of wherein above-mentioned standard and above-mentioned user side for encrypting.
28. method according to claim 23, wherein above-mentioned interference signal is for producing interrupted signal to system data, with the transmission of interfering data.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95120482A CN1069012C (en) | 1995-12-18 | 1995-12-18 | Software protection method capable of making authorization automatic invalidation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95120482A CN1069012C (en) | 1995-12-18 | 1995-12-18 | Software protection method capable of making authorization automatic invalidation |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1152841A true CN1152841A (en) | 1997-06-25 |
| CN1069012C CN1069012C (en) | 2001-07-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN95120482A Expired - Lifetime CN1069012C (en) | 1995-12-18 | 1995-12-18 | Software protection method capable of making authorization automatic invalidation |
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| CN (1) | CN1069012C (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100349088C (en) * | 2005-07-26 | 2007-11-14 | 华为技术有限公司 | Digital information controlling method |
| CN101316182B (en) * | 2007-05-30 | 2011-05-04 | 杭州华三通信技术有限公司 | Authorization number control method and equipment of user terminal |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1992020021A1 (en) * | 1991-05-08 | 1992-11-12 | Digital Equipment Corporation | License management system |
| WO1992020022A1 (en) * | 1991-05-08 | 1992-11-12 | Digital Equipment Corporation | Management interface and format for license management system |
| CN1064763C (en) * | 1995-05-18 | 2001-04-18 | 联华电子股份有限公司 | Controlling method for software timing |
-
1995
- 1995-12-18 CN CN95120482A patent/CN1069012C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100349088C (en) * | 2005-07-26 | 2007-11-14 | 华为技术有限公司 | Digital information controlling method |
| CN101316182B (en) * | 2007-05-30 | 2011-05-04 | 杭州华三通信技术有限公司 | Authorization number control method and equipment of user terminal |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1069012C (en) | 2001-07-25 |
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