CN115282900B - System for preparing ethylene by cracking liquefied petroleum gas - Google Patents
System for preparing ethylene by cracking liquefied petroleum gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN115282900B CN115282900B CN202210951866.5A CN202210951866A CN115282900B CN 115282900 B CN115282900 B CN 115282900B CN 202210951866 A CN202210951866 A CN 202210951866A CN 115282900 B CN115282900 B CN 115282900B
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- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 30
- 240000005002 Erythronium dens canis Species 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BGJSXRVXTHVRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trioxane Chemical compound C1OCOCO1 BGJSXRVXTHVRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003781 tooth socket Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
- B01J6/008—Pyrolysis reactions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J19/0013—Controlling the temperature of the process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
- B01J4/002—Nozzle-type elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
- B08B9/087—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks by methods involving the use of tools, e.g. brushes, scrapers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/002—Cooling of cracked gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
- B01J2219/00076—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements inside the reactor
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a liquefied petroleum gas cracking ethylene preparation system, which comprises a cracking unit, a separation unit, a ternary refrigeration unit and a preheating unit, wherein the preheating unit, the cracking unit and the separation unit are sequentially connected, the ternary refrigeration unit comprises a multistage compressor, and the multistage compressor compresses a ternary refrigerant; preheating unit includes governing valve, heat exchanger, inlet pipe and booster compressor, the governing valve install in the inlet pipe, liquefied petroleum gas is connected from the storage tank to the feed end of inlet pipe, the discharge end of inlet pipe is connected the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger passes through the gas-supply pipe and connects the booster compressor, the booster compressor is through arranging the union coupling the schizolysis unit, the heat exchanger is connected the last section export of multistage compressor is right the ternary cryogen of the last section export of multistage compressor cools off. The application has the effect that the discharge pressure of the multistage compressor of the ternary refrigeration unit of the cracking device is not influenced by weather.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ethylene cracking, in particular to a system for preparing ethylene by cracking liquefied petroleum gas.
Background
Large-scale ethylene production generally requires a cracking unit, which cracks a mixture of hydrocarbons and steam to form a cracked gas rich in ethylene and other olefins, and then separates the cracked gas to obtain pure ethylene and other byproducts. The pyrolysis gas is separated through a separation unit of the cracking device, the pyrolysis gas is cooled and separated after heat exchange is carried out in the separation unit, so that a ternary refrigeration unit is generally arranged in the cracking device to provide cold energy for each stage of the separation unit, a refrigerant needs to be compressed in a multi-stage compressor of the ternary refrigeration unit after heat exchange with the pyrolysis gas, and the refrigerant is discharged from a tail-end outlet of the multi-stage compressor and then condensed, so that the refrigerant can be recycled.
At present, a coolant of a ternary refrigeration unit needs to be cooled by adopting a water cooler at an outlet of a tail section of a multistage compressor, the water cooler adopts circulating water as a heat exchange medium, the circulating water carries heat to a water tank after carrying out heat exchange with the coolant, and the circulating water is used for carrying out heat exchange with the coolant again after naturally radiating heat in the water tank and is recycled. However, in summer, the temperature of the circulating water is high, the temperature of the refrigerant is still high after the heat exchange between the refrigerant and the circulating water, and the discharge pressure of the tail-end outlet of the multistage compressor is high, so that the performances of the ternary refrigeration unit and each stage of the separation unit are directly influenced, and the ethylene loss of the separation unit is large.
With respect to the related art among the above, the applicant believes that the following drawbacks exist: the discharge pressure at the end outlet of the multistage compressor of the tertiary refrigeration unit of the cracking device is susceptible to climate effects.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the defect that the discharge pressure of the last stage outlet of the multistage compressor of the ternary refrigeration unit of the cracking device is easily affected by climate, the application provides a liquefied petroleum gas cracking ethylene preparation system.
The application provides a system for preparing ethylene by cracking liquefied petroleum gas adopts following technical scheme:
the liquefied petroleum gas cracking ethylene production system comprises a cracking unit, a separation unit, a ternary refrigeration unit and a preheating unit, wherein the preheating unit, the cracking unit and the separation unit are sequentially connected, the ternary refrigeration unit comprises a multistage compressor, the multistage compressor compresses ternary refrigerants, the multistage compressor is connected with the preheating unit, the ternary refrigerants discharged from the multistage compressor are condensed after heat exchange with the preheating unit, and the condensed ternary refrigerants are conveyed to the separation unit and provide cold quantity for each stage of the separation unit; preheating unit includes governing valve, heat exchanger, inlet pipe and booster compressor, the governing valve install in the inlet pipe, liquefied petroleum gas is connected from the storage tank to the feed end of inlet pipe, the discharge end of inlet pipe is connected the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger passes through the gas-supply pipe connection the booster compressor, the booster compressor is through arranging the row material union coupling the schizolysis unit, the heat exchanger is connected the last section export of multistage compressor is right the ternary refrigerant of the last section export of multistage compressor cools off.
By adopting the technical scheme, the liquefied petroleum gas is adopted to cool the refrigerant of the ternary refrigeration unit, before the liquefied petroleum gas cools the ternary refrigerant, the liquefied petroleum gas is throttled and decompressed through the regulating valve, the temperature of the liquefied petroleum gas is reduced, the liquefied petroleum gas enters the heat exchanger to exchange heat with the ternary refrigerant of the ternary refrigeration unit, the liquefied petroleum gas is gasified, and the temperature of the ternary refrigerant is reduced to a set value; the temperature of the liquefied petroleum gas after passing through the regulating valve is mainly influenced by throttling, and the temperature of the liquefied petroleum gas can be kept stable through the throttling valve, so that the cooling effect of the liquefied petroleum gas on the ternary refrigerant in the heat exchanger can be kept stable in summer and winter, and the liquefied petroleum gas is not influenced by climate factors, so that the discharge pressure of the multistage compressor of the ternary refrigeration unit can be kept stable for a long time, the defect that the discharge pressure of the multistage compressor of the ternary refrigeration unit of the cracking device is easily influenced by climate is overcome, the heat exchange stability of the separation unit is kept, the ethylene loss of the separation unit is reduced, the benefit is improved, and the atmospheric pollution is reduced; the gasification temperature of the liquefied petroleum gas is increased after heat exchange with the ternary refrigerant, the liquefied petroleum gas is compressed by the supercharger, the temperature is increased to a set value, the preheating of the liquefied petroleum gas is completed, the preheated liquefied petroleum gas can directly enter the cracking unit for cracking reaction, the preheating of the liquefied petroleum gas fully utilizes the heat of the refrigerant, and the energy is saved.
Preferably, the middle part of the gas pipe is connected with a buffer tank, and a gas-liquid separator is arranged in the buffer tank.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the buffer tank is arranged in the petroleum gas after the gasification of keeping in, filters the liquid drop in the petroleum gas simultaneously, avoids the liquid drop to enter into the booster compressor and influence the operating mode of booster compressor.
Preferably, the material discharging pipe is connected with a return pipeline, one end of the return pipeline, which is far away from the material discharging pipe, is connected with the gas conveying pipe, and a reflux heat exchanger and a reflux valve are respectively arranged in the return pipeline.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the flow of the petroleum gas entering the supercharger is small, the compression heating effect of the supercharger on the petroleum gas is not obvious, the preheating temperature of the petroleum gas does not reach the design value, the petroleum gas with the preheating temperature not reaching the design value is refluxed into the gas conveying pipe at the moment, and then the petroleum gas is input into the supercharger again for compression heating until the temperature of the petroleum gas discharged by the supercharger reaches the design value, so that the petroleum gas with the preheating temperature not reaching the design value is prevented from entering the cracking unit to influence the subsequent process.
Preferably, the preheating unit further comprises a vaporizer, a feed inlet of the vaporizer is connected with the heat exchanger and the buffer tank through liquid conveying pipes respectively, an outlet of the vaporizer is communicated with the gas conveying pipe, and the liquid conveying pipes are provided with infusion valves.
By adopting the technical scheme, partial liquid drops of the C5 component and the moisture can be accumulated in the heat exchanger, partial non-gasified liquefied petroleum gas and the moisture can be accumulated in the buffer tank, the liquid drops are concentrated into the vaporizer, the C5 component and the non-gasified liquefied petroleum gas are heated and gasified, the gasified petroleum gas is conveyed into the gas pipe to be mixed with other gasified petroleum gas and then enters the buffer tank together, the utilization rate of the liquefied petroleum gas is improved, the moisture is remained in the vaporizer and is discharged after being accumulated to a certain degree, and the cracking reaction is prevented from being influenced by the moisture entering the cracking furnace.
Preferably, the transfer line between heat exchanger and the vaporizer is connected with back the liquid pipe, it keeps away from to return the liquid pipe the one end of transfer line is connected and is close to the inlet pipe of liquefied petroleum gas from the storage tank, it is equipped with back the liquid valve on the liquid pipe to return.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the liquefied petroleum gas of liquid in the heat exchanger is too much, can send these liquefied petroleum gas back to the inlet pipe through returning the liquid pipe, through the readjustment of governing valve make these liquefied petroleum gas gasification, reduce the energy consumption of vaporizer.
Preferably, the heat exchanger comprises a shell, a heat exchange cavity is arranged in the shell, a refrigerant pipe is arranged in the heat exchange cavity, two ends of the refrigerant pipe are respectively connected with an outlet at the tail end of the multistage compressor and the separation unit, a feed inlet communicated with the heat exchange cavity is arranged at the upper part of the shell, a spray head is arranged in the feed inlet and faces the refrigerant pipe, an exhaust port is arranged at one side of the upper part of the heat exchange cavity, and the exhaust port is connected with the gas pipe; and a liquid drainage assembly for draining residual liquid in the heat exchange cavity is arranged at the lower part of the heat exchange cavity.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the shower nozzle sprays liquefied petroleum gas to the cryogen pipe, and liquefied petroleum gas absorbs heat in the gasification of heat transfer intracavity, cools off the cryogen in the cryogen pipe, and to partly not by on the liquid drainage subassembly in the heat transfer intracavity can be fallen to the liquid drainage subassembly of gasification, by the liquid drainage subassembly heat transfer chamber that discharges.
Preferably, the flowing back subassembly includes first roller and second roller, the both ends of first roller and the both ends of second roller are equallyd divide and are do not rotated the connection the casing and paste and establish the inner wall in heat transfer chamber, be equipped with a plurality of tooth's sockets along the circumference on the first roller, be equipped with along the circumference on the second roller a plurality of can with tooth's socket meshed dogtooth, when dogtooth and tooth's socket mesh, the top of dogtooth with it holds the chamber to have between the bottom of tooth's socket, the addendum of dogtooth with the outer wall of first roller can paste and establish the lateral wall of the both sides in heat transfer chamber, the bottom in heat transfer chamber is equipped with the leakage fluid dram.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, flowing back of flowing back subassembly needs reduce the influence to the atmospheric pressure in heat transfer chamber as far as, consequently, the flowing back subassembly still need avoid in the in-process of flowing back by gasified petroleum gas to discharge in the heat transfer chamber, through dogtooth and tooth's socket intermeshing, can keep the leakproofness between first roller and the second roller, and remaining liquid can discharge the below from the top of first roller and second roller through the chamber that holds between tooth's socket and the dogtooth, then discharge from the leakage fluid dram, and the outer wall of dogtooth and first roller keeps and the lateral wall butt in heat transfer chamber, can avoid being discharged between the lateral wall in heat transfer chamber by gasified petroleum gas from roller and heat transfer chamber in the heat transfer chamber, it is stable to keep the atmospheric pressure in the heat transfer chamber, avoid the gas in the heat transfer chamber to discharge.
Preferably, the one end of first roller is equipped with and is used for preventing the subassembly is turned around in the reversal of roller, it includes the lantern ring and limiting plate to prevent the subassembly that turns around, the internal surface of the lantern ring is equipped with the polylith swash plate along the circumference, the polylith the swash plate all encircles first roller setting, the lantern ring is fixed in on the casing, the pot head of first roller is located in the lantern ring, the limiting plate is located in the lantern ring, the one end of limiting plate articulate in through the hinge on the first roller, the one end of hinge is equipped with the step, the step in the front side of the rotation direction of first roller is equipped with the stopper, the stopper is fixed in on the roller, stopper and step cooperation restriction the rotation direction of limiting plate, the length of limiting plate is greater than the outer wall of first roller with distance between the swash plate, limiting plate and swash plate cooperation restriction first roller reversal.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can prevent first roller gyration through preventing the gyration subassembly, can avoid the gas in heat transfer chamber to be taken out from between the lateral wall in roller and heat transfer chamber by the tooth's socket.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the liquefied petroleum gas is adopted to cool the refrigerant of the ternary refrigeration unit, the liquefied petroleum gas is gasified through the regulating valve before cooling the refrigerant, the temperature of the gasified petroleum gas is stable and is not influenced by the temperature of the liquefied petroleum gas before gasification, so that the cooling effect of the refrigerant can be kept stable and is not influenced by climate factors when the liquefied petroleum gas exchanges heat with the refrigerant of the ternary refrigeration unit in a heat exchanger in summer or winter, the discharge pressure of the multistage compressor of the ternary refrigeration unit can be kept stable for a long time, the defect that the discharge pressure of the multistage compressor of the ternary refrigeration unit of the cracking device is easily influenced by climate is overcome, the heat exchange stability of the separation unit is kept, the ethylene loss of the separation unit is reduced, the benefit is improved, and the atmospheric pollution is reduced;
2. the spray head sprays liquefied petroleum gas to the refrigerant pipe, the liquefied petroleum gas is gasified and absorbs heat in the heat exchange cavity, the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe is cooled, part of residual liquid which is not gasified falls onto the liquid drainage assembly in the heat exchange cavity, and the residual liquid is drained out of the heat exchange cavity by the liquid drainage assembly; through dogtooth and tooth's socket intermeshing, can keep the leakproofness between first roller and the second roller, and it discharges the below from the top of first roller and second roller to remain the chamber that holds between liquid can pass through tooth's socket and the dogtooth, then discharge from the leakage fluid dram, and the outer wall of dogtooth and first roller keeps and the lateral wall butt in heat transfer chamber, can avoid being discharged between the lateral wall in heat transfer chamber from roller and heat transfer chamber by gasified petroleum gas, it is stable to keep the atmospheric pressure in the heat transfer chamber, avoid the gas escape in the heat transfer chamber.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a system for producing ethylene by cracking liquefied petroleum gas according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat exchanger according to a second embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotation preventing assembly according to a second embodiment of the present application.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a cracking unit; 2. a separation unit; 31. a multistage compressor; 32. a refrigerant storage tank; 41. a feed pipe; 42. adjusting a valve; 43. a heat exchanger; 431. a housing; 4311. a heat exchange cavity; 4312. an exhaust port; 4313. a liquid discharge port; 432. a refrigerant pipe; 433. a cryogen chamber; 4341. a first roller shaft; 4342. a tooth socket; 4343. a second roller shaft; 4344. a convex tooth; 435. a spray head; 436. a squeegee; 437. a cylinder; 4381. a collar; 4382. a sloping plate; 4383. a limiting plate; 4384. a limiting block; 44. a gas-liquid separator; 45. a buffer tank; 46. a supercharger; 47. a vaporizer; 48. a liquid return pipe; 49. a reflux heat exchanger; 5. the liquefied petroleum gas is from the storage tank.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-3.
The embodiment of the application discloses liquefied petroleum gas schizolysis system ethylene.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, a system for preparing ethylene by cracking liquefied petroleum gas includes a cracking unit 1, a separation unit 2, a ternary refrigeration unit and a preheating unit, the cracking unit 1 and the separation unit 2 are sequentially connected, the ternary refrigeration unit is connected with the preheating unit and the separation unit 2, the refrigerant of the ternary refrigeration unit is a ternary refrigerant formed by mixing methane, ethylene and propylene according to a certain proportion, the ternary refrigeration unit provides cooling energy for the separation unit 2, the ternary refrigerant of the ternary refrigeration unit absorbs heat in the separation unit 2, the temperature rises, the ternary refrigerant enters the preheating unit to exchange heat with the liquefied petroleum gas in the preheating unit, the temperature of the ternary refrigerant after the separation unit 2 absorbs heat is reduced, meanwhile, the liquefied petroleum gas absorbs heat to be gasified, the preheating unit heats the gasified petroleum gas to 70 ℃, the preheated liquefied petroleum gas is discharged into the cracking unit 1 to undergo a cracking reaction to obtain a cracked gas mixed with ethylene and other olefins, the cracked gas enters the separation unit 2 after coming out of the cracking unit 1, and the separation unit 2 separates the cracked gas to obtain pure ethylene and various byproducts.
The ternary refrigeration unit comprises a multistage compressor 31, a suction inlet of the multistage compressor 31 is connected with the separation unit 2, ternary refrigerant after absorbing heat in the separation unit 2 is sucked and compresses the ternary refrigerant, a tail-end outlet of the multistage compressor 31 is connected with the preheating unit, the compressed ternary refrigerant is input into the preheating unit for heat exchange, the ternary refrigerant is condensed in the preheating unit, the condensed ternary refrigerant is conveyed to a refrigerant storage tank 32 for storage, and then conveyed from the refrigerant storage tank 32 to the separation unit 2 and provides cold energy for each level of the separation unit 2.
The preheating unit comprises a regulating valve 42, a heat exchanger 43, a feeding pipe 41 and a supercharger 46, wherein the regulating valve 42 is installed in the feeding pipe 41, the regulating valve 42 is a throttle valve, the pressure of the liquefied petroleum gas is reduced after passing through the regulating valve 42, the temperature of the liquefied petroleum gas is reduced, and the liquefied petroleum gas with stable temperature can be obtained after being throttled by the regulating valve 42. The feeding end of the feeding pipe 41 is connected with the liquefied petroleum gas self-storage tank 5, the discharging end of the feeding pipe 41 is connected with the heat exchanger 43, the heat exchanger 43 is connected with the supercharger 46 through a gas pipe, the supercharger 46 is connected with the cracking unit 1 through a discharging pipe, the heat exchanger 43 is connected with the tail end outlet of the multistage compressor 31, the liquefied petroleum gas adjusted by the adjusting valve 42 enters the heat exchanger 43 to exchange heat with the ternary refrigerant, the liquefied petroleum gas absorbs heat to be gasified, the temperature is increased, and the ternary refrigerant is cooled. The middle part of the gas transmission pipe is connected with a buffer tank 45 for temporarily storing gasified petroleum gas, a gas-liquid separator 44 is installed in the buffer tank 45, and the gas-liquid separator 44 blocks liquid drops carried in the gasified petroleum gas to prevent the liquid drops from entering a supercharger 46.
The liquefied petroleum gas raw material that liquefied petroleum gas carried from storage tank 5 because the transfer line exposes in the open air, and the temperature is easily influenced by the environment, and the temperature of the liquefied petroleum gas of carrying can be higher than winter summer, so liquefied petroleum gas need through governing valve 42 throttle decompression for liquefied petroleum gas decompression to 206kPaG, and the temperature drops to 9.3 ℃, and no matter winter or summer, can keep the temperature of liquefied petroleum gas at 9.3 ℃ through governing valve 42. Then the liquefied petroleum gas after pressure regulation and temperature reduction is sent into a heat exchanger 43, the ternary refrigerant is cooled to 31 ℃, simultaneously the liquefied petroleum gas is gasified, and the temperature of the gasified liquefied petroleum gas is 22 ℃. The cooled tertiary refrigerant returns to the tertiary refrigerant buffer tank 45 of the tertiary refrigeration unit. The gasified liquefied petroleum gas enters a buffer tank 45, entrained liquid drops are removed from the buffer tank 45, the liquefied petroleum gas discharged from the buffer tank 45 enters a supercharger 46, the pressure of the liquefied petroleum gas is increased to 850 kPaG by the supercharger 46, and the liquefied petroleum gas is sent to a cracking unit 1 for cracking reaction at 70 ℃. In the conventional technology, the cooling of the ternary refrigerant generally adopts a circulating cooling medium for cooling, and the circulating cooling medium can be recycled, so that the resources are saved, the waste is reduced, and the cost of an enterprise is reduced; the liquefied petroleum gas has been adopted as cooling medium in this embodiment, and liquefied petroleum gas can't recycle, but this embodiment directly sends into cracking unit 1 behind the liquefied petroleum gas heating after will exchanging with the ternary refrigerant and carries out the schizolysis reaction, neither can cause liquefied petroleum gas's waste, can utilize the heat of ternary refrigerant to preheat liquefied petroleum gas again, has practiced thrift the energy.
The material discharging pipe is connected with a return pipe, one end of the return pipe, far away from the material discharging pipe, is connected with a gas pipe, a return heat exchanger 49 and a return valve are respectively arranged in the return pipe, the return heat exchanger 49 is used for cooling the returned petroleum gas, and the phenomenon that the temperature of the returned petroleum gas is too high after the petroleum gas is compressed by the supercharger 46 for multiple times is avoided. When the flow rate of the petroleum gas entering the supercharger 46 is small, the effect of the supercharger 46 on compressing and heating the petroleum gas is not obvious, the preheating temperature of the petroleum gas does not reach the design value, at this time, the petroleum gas with the preheating temperature not reaching the design value is returned to the gas pipe, and then the petroleum gas is input into the supercharger 46 again for compressing and heating until the temperature of the petroleum gas discharged by the supercharger 46 reaches the design value.
The preheating unit further comprises a vaporizer 47, a feed inlet of the vaporizer 47 is connected with the heat exchanger 43 and the buffer tank 45 through a liquid conveying pipe respectively, the liquid conveying pipe inputs the liquid remaining in the heat exchanger 43 and the liquid remaining in the buffer tank 45 into the vaporizer 47, an outlet of the vaporizer 47 is communicated with the gas conveying pipe, the vaporizer 47 adopts 80 ℃ chilled water as a heat source to heat the entering liquid, so that the liquid is vaporized, the temperature of the vaporized gas is 62.3 ℃, and the vaporized gas is introduced into the gas conveying pipe and is input into the buffer tank 45 together.
A liquid return pipe 48 is connected to the liquid conveying pipe between the heat exchanger 43 and the vaporizer 47, one end of the liquid return pipe 48, which is far away from the liquid conveying pipe, is connected to the feeding pipe 41, which is close to the liquefied petroleum gas self-storage tank 5, a liquid return valve is arranged on the liquid return pipe 48, a liquid pump is connected to the middle part of the liquid return pipe 48, when the liquefied petroleum gas in the heat exchanger 43 is too much, the liquefied petroleum gas can be conveyed back to the feeding pipe 41 through the liquid pump and the liquid return pipe 48, and the liquefied petroleum gas is vaporized through the readjustment of the adjusting valve 42, so that the energy consumption of the vaporizer 47 is reduced.
The implementation principle of the system for preparing ethylene by cracking liquefied petroleum gas in the embodiment of the application is as follows: the refrigerant of the ternary refrigeration unit is cooled by liquefied petroleum gas, the liquefied petroleum gas is throttled by the adjusting valve 42 before the liquefied petroleum gas cools the refrigerant, so that the liquefied petroleum gas is gasified, the temperature of the gasified petroleum gas is mainly influenced by throttling, and the throttling size of the adjusting valve 42 is controlled, so that the temperature of the gasified petroleum gas can be controlled. Therefore, in summer or winter, when the gasified liquefied petroleum gas exchanges heat with the refrigerant of the ternary refrigeration unit in the heat exchanger 43, the cooling effect on the refrigerant can be kept stable without being influenced by climate factors, so that the discharge pressure of the multistage compressor 31 of the ternary refrigeration unit can be kept stable for a long time, the defect that the discharge pressure of the multistage compressor 31 of the ternary refrigeration unit of the cracking device is easily influenced by climate is overcome, the heat exchange stability of the separation unit 2 is kept, the ethylene loss of the separation unit 2 is reduced, the benefit is improved, and the atmospheric pollution is reduced. The temperature of the liquefied petroleum gas is increased after heat exchange with the refrigerant, and then the liquefied petroleum gas is compressed by the supercharger 46, the temperature is increased to a set value, the preheating of the liquefied petroleum gas is completed, the heat of the refrigerant is fully utilized for the preheating of the liquefied petroleum gas, and the energy is saved.
Example two
Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, the difference from the first embodiment is that the heat exchanger 43 includes a housing 431, a heat exchange cavity 4311 is provided in the housing 431, a refrigerant pipe 432 is installed in the heat exchange cavity 4311, the refrigerant pipe 432 is vertically disposed, the upper end of the refrigerant pipe 432 is fixedly connected to the housing 431, a refrigerant cavity 433 is provided in the sidewall of the refrigerant pipe 432, the upper end of the refrigerant pipe 432 is connected to a plurality of feeding pipes respectively, the plurality of feeding pipes are disposed around the circumference of the refrigerant pipe 432, the lower end of the refrigerant pipe 432 is connected to a plurality of discharging pipes respectively, the plurality of discharging pipes are disposed around the circumference of the refrigerant pipe 432, the feeding pipes and the discharging pipes are both communicated with the refrigerant cavity 433, and the feeding pipes and the discharging pipes all penetrate out of the housing 431, the refrigerant pipe 432, and the refrigerant pipe 432. The feeding pipe is connected with the tail end outlet of the multistage compressor 31, the discharging pipe is connected with the separation unit 2, the refrigerant is discharged from the tail end outlet of the multistage compressor 31 and sequentially passes through the feeding pipe, the refrigerant cavity 433 and the discharging pipe, and heat exchange is carried out between the refrigerant cavity 433 and the liquefied petroleum gas. A feed inlet communicated with a heat exchange cavity 4311 is formed in one side of the upper portion of the shell 431, a spray head 435 is installed in the feed inlet, a plurality of spray holes are formed in the periphery of the spray head 435, the spray head 435 is arranged above the refrigerant pipe 432 and sprays liquefied petroleum gas to the inner wall of the refrigerant pipe 432, the liquefied petroleum gas is quickly gasified after absorbing heat of the trioxane refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 432 and then is discharged from the lower end of the refrigerant pipe 432, the liquefied petroleum gas which is not gasified flows downwards along the inner wall of the refrigerant pipe 432 and falls from the lower end of the refrigerant pipe 432, liquid which is not easy to gasify falls from the refrigerant pipe 432 and cannot stay at the refrigerant pipe 432 to affect cooling of the refrigerant, and the liquefied petroleum gas sprayed from the spray head 435 can wash the refrigerant pipe 432 to avoid surface structures or residual impurities of the refrigerant pipe 432. The top of the heat exchange cavity 4311 is provided with an exhaust port 4312, the exhaust port 4312 is arranged outside the refrigerant pipe 432, and the petroleum gas discharged from the lower end of the refrigerant pipe 432 rises along the outer wall of the refrigerant pipe 432 and is then discharged from the exhaust port 4312, so that heat exchange with the refrigerant can be performed again. The air outlet 4312 is connected to an air pipe, and the gasified liquefied petroleum gas is discharged from the air outlet 4312 and enters the air pipe, and a pressure valve is arranged in the air pipe, so that the air pressure in the heat exchange chamber 4311 is maintained. The lower part of the heat exchange cavity 4311 is provided with a liquid drainage assembly for draining residual liquid in the heat exchange cavity 4311, the liquid drainage assembly comprises a first roller shaft 4341 and a second roller shaft 4343, two ends of the first roller shaft 4341 and two ends of the second roller shaft 4343 are respectively rotatably connected with the shell 431 and attached to the inner wall of the heat exchange cavity 4311, the first roller shaft 4341 is circumferentially provided with a plurality of tooth grooves 4342, the second roller shaft 4343 is circumferentially provided with a plurality of convex teeth 4344 capable of being engaged with the tooth grooves 4342, when the convex teeth 4344 are engaged with the tooth grooves 4342, an accommodating cavity is formed between the top of the convex teeth 4344 and the bottom of the tooth grooves 4342, and the tooth tops of the convex teeth 4344 and the outer wall of the first roller shaft 4341 can be attached to the side walls of two sides of the heat exchange cavity 4311.
One end of the first roller shaft 4341 is connected to a motor, and the motor is fixed to an outer wall of the housing 431. The roll shafts are circumferentially provided with a plurality of convex teeth 4344 and tooth grooves 4342 which are arranged at intervals, the convex teeth 4344 and the tooth grooves 4342 of the two roll shafts can be meshed with each other, when the convex teeth 4344 and the tooth grooves 4342 are meshed, an accommodating cavity is formed between the top of each convex tooth 4344 and the bottom of each tooth groove 4342, and the tooth tops of the convex teeth 4344 and the outer walls of the first roll shafts 4341 can be attached to the arc-shaped side walls of the heat exchange cavities 4311. The bottom of the heat exchange cavity 4311 is provided with a liquid outlet 4313. The liquid that has not been vaporized falls down from the refrigerant pipe 432, falls onto the roller shafts, enters the teeth slots 4342, rotates from above to below at the joint between the first roller shaft 4341 and the second roller shaft 4343 with the rotation of the first roller shaft 4341 and the second roller shaft 4343, and is discharged from the liquid discharge port 4313.
One end of the first roller shaft 4341 is provided with a rotation prevention assembly for preventing the first roller shaft 4341 from rotating reversely, the rotation prevention assembly comprises a collar 4381 and a limiting plate 4383, the inner surface of the collar 4381 is circumferentially provided with a plurality of inclined plates 4382, the inclined plates 4382 are all arranged around the first roller shaft 4341, the collar 4381 is fixed on the housing 431, one end of the first roller shaft 4341 is sleeved in the collar 4381, the limiting plate 4383 is arranged in the collar 4381, one end of the limiting plate 4383 is hinged to the first roller shaft 4341 through a hinge shaft, one end of the hinge shaft is provided with a step, a limiting block 4384 is arranged on the front side of the rotation direction of the first roller shaft 4341, the limiting block 4384 is fixed on the first roller shaft 4341, the limiting block 4384 and the step are matched to limit the rotation direction of the limiting plate 4383, the length of the limiting plate 4383 is greater than the distance between the outer wall of the first roller shaft 4341 and the inclined plate 4382, and the limiting plate 4383 is matched to limit the reverse rotation of the first roller shaft 4341. The first roller shaft 4341 can be prevented from being rotated by the rotation prevention assembly, thereby preventing gas and liquid below the first roller shaft 4341 from being brought back into the heat exchange chamber 4311, and simultaneously, preventing the gas of the heat exchange chamber 4311 from being brought out from between the first roller shaft 4341 and the side wall of the heat exchange chamber 4311 by the teeth groove 4342.
An annular scraper 436 is arranged in the heat exchange cavity 4311, the scraper 436 is arranged in the refrigerant pipe 432, the outer diameter of the scraper 436 is equal to the inner diameter of the refrigerant pipe 432, the scraper 436 is in sliding connection with the refrigerant pipe 432, the scraper 436 is connected with an air cylinder 437, the air cylinder 437 is fixed on the housing 431, the cylinder body of the air cylinder 437 penetrates out of the housing 431, and the piston rod of the air cylinder 437 is fixedly connected with the scraper 436 and drives the scraper 436 to move up and down. The cylinder 437 drives the scraper 436 to move up and down to scrape off residual substances on the inner wall of the refrigerant pipe 432, so that the influence of excessive impurities on the inner wall of the refrigerant pipe 432 on the heat exchange of the three-element refrigerant is avoided.
In another embodiment, at least two sets of teeth 4344 and grooves 4342 abut against each other to improve the sealing between the first roller 4341 and the second roller 4343.
The implementation principle of the above embodiment is as follows: the teeth 4344 and the teeth 4342 are engaged with each other, so that the sealability between the first roller shaft 4341 and the second roller shaft 4343 can be maintained, and the residual liquid can be discharged from above to below the first roller shaft 4341 and the second roller shaft 4343 and then from the liquid discharge port 4313 through the receiving chamber between the teeth 4342 and the teeth 4344, while the outer walls of the teeth 4344 and the first roller shaft 4341 are held in abutment with the side walls of the heat exchange chamber 4311, so that the gas pressure in the heat exchange chamber 4311 can be maintained stable, and the gas in the heat exchange chamber 4311 can be prevented from being discharged.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a liquefied petroleum gas schizolysis system ethylene which characterized in that: the device comprises a cracking unit (1), a separation unit (2), a ternary refrigeration unit and a preheating unit, wherein the preheating unit, the cracking unit (1) and the separation unit (2) are sequentially connected, the ternary refrigeration unit comprises a multi-stage compressor (31), the multi-stage compressor (31) compresses ternary refrigerant, the multi-stage compressor (31) is connected with the preheating unit, the ternary refrigerant discharged from the multi-stage compressor (31) is condensed after heat exchange with the preheating unit, and the condensed ternary refrigerant is conveyed to the separation unit (2) and provides cold energy for each level of the separation unit (2); the preheating unit comprises a regulating valve (42), a heat exchanger (43), a feeding pipe (41) and a supercharger (46), wherein the regulating valve (42) is installed in the feeding pipe (41), the feeding end of the feeding pipe (41) is connected with a liquefied petroleum gas self-storage tank (5), the discharging end of the feeding pipe (41) is connected with the heat exchanger (43), the heat exchanger (43) is connected with the supercharger (46) through a gas conveying pipe, the supercharger (46) is connected with the cracking unit (1) through a discharging pipe, and the heat exchanger (43) is connected with the tail-end outlet of the multi-stage compressor (31) and cools the ternary refrigerant at the tail-end outlet of the multi-stage compressor (31);
the heat exchanger (43) comprises a shell (431), a heat exchange cavity (4311) is arranged in the shell (431), a refrigerant pipe (432) is arranged in the heat exchange cavity (4311), two ends of the refrigerant pipe (432) are respectively connected with an end section outlet of the multistage compressor (31) and the separation unit (2), a feed inlet communicated with the heat exchange cavity (4311) is arranged at the upper part of the shell (431), a spray head (435) is arranged in the feed inlet, the spray head (435) faces the refrigerant pipe (432), an exhaust port (4312) is arranged at one side of the upper part of the heat exchange cavity (4311), and the exhaust port (4312) is connected with an air conveying pipe; a liquid discharge assembly for discharging residual liquid in the heat exchange cavity (4311) is arranged at the lower part of the heat exchange cavity (4311);
the liquid drainage assembly comprises a first roll shaft (4341) and a second roll shaft (4343), wherein two ends of the first roll shaft (4341) and two ends of the second roll shaft (4343) are respectively connected with the shell (431) in a rotating mode and are attached to the inner wall of the heat exchange cavity (4311), a plurality of tooth grooves (4342) are formed in the first roll shaft (4341) along the circumference, a plurality of convex teeth (4344) capable of being meshed with the tooth grooves (4342) are formed in the second roll shaft (4343) along the circumference, when the convex teeth (4344) are meshed with the tooth grooves (4342), a containing cavity is formed between the top of each convex tooth (4344) and the bottom of each tooth groove (4342), the tooth tops of the convex teeth (4344) and the outer wall of the first roll shaft (4341) can be attached to the side walls of two sides of the heat exchange cavity (4311), and a liquid drainage port (4313) is formed in the bottom of the heat exchange cavity (4311);
the anti-rotation mechanism is characterized in that one end of the first roller shaft (4341) is provided with an anti-rotation assembly for preventing the roller shaft from rotating reversely, the anti-rotation assembly comprises a sleeve ring (4381) and a limiting plate (4383), a plurality of inclined plates (4382) are arranged on the inner surface of the sleeve ring (4381) along the circumference, the inclined plates (4382) surround the first roller shaft (4341), the sleeve ring (4381) is fixed on the shell (431), one end of the first roller shaft (4341) is sleeved in the sleeve ring (4381), the limiting plate (4383) is arranged in the sleeve ring (4381), one end of the limiting plate (4383) is hinged to the first roller shaft (4341) through a hinge shaft, one end of the hinge shaft is provided with a step, the step is arranged on the front side of the rotation direction of the first roller shaft (4341), the limiting plate (4384) is fixed on the limiting plate, the limiting plate (4384) is matched with the step to limit the rotation direction of the limiting plate (4383), and the length of the inclined plate (4383) is greater than the length of the first roller shaft (4382) and the distance between the first roller shaft (4382) and the limiting plate 4382.
2. The system for producing ethylene by cracking of liquefied petroleum gas according to claim 1, wherein: the middle part of the gas pipe is connected with a buffer tank (45), and a gas-liquid separator (44) is arranged in the buffer tank (45).
3. The system for producing ethylene by cracking of liquefied petroleum gas according to claim 1, wherein: arrange the material union coupling and have a return line, the return line is kept away from the one end of arranging the material pipe is connected the gas-supply pipe, be equipped with backward flow heat exchanger (49) and return valve in the return line respectively.
4. The system for producing ethylene by cracking of liquefied petroleum gas according to claim 2, wherein: the preheating unit further comprises a vaporizer (47), a feed inlet of the vaporizer (47) is connected with the heat exchanger (43) and the buffer tank (45) through infusion tubes respectively, an outlet of the vaporizer (47) is communicated with the air delivery tubes, and infusion valves are arranged on the infusion tubes.
5. The system for producing ethylene by cracking liquefied petroleum gas according to claim 4, wherein: the transfer line between heat exchanger (43) and vaporizer (47) is connected with back liquid pipe (48), it keeps away from to return liquid pipe (48) the one end of transfer line is connected and is close to inlet pipe (41) of liquefied petroleum gas from the storage tank, be equipped with back the liquid valve on returning liquid pipe (48).
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| US3329605A (en) * | 1963-07-23 | 1967-07-04 | Michikazu Takeyoshi | Gaseous phase cracking reaction methods |
| CN101162129B (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2011-10-05 | 上海吴泾化工有限公司 | Method for utilizing cracking gas waste heat and gas-gas exchanger used therefor |
| CN104694162B (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2016-08-24 | 新疆独山子天利实业总公司 | The device and method of cracking of ethylene by-product carbon ten hydrogenation |
| CN110527546B (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2022-04-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and device for reducing ethylene machine torch discharge amount of steam cracking device |
| CN208872144U (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-05-17 | 天津金瑞峰热能设备股份有限公司 | A kind of instant heating type circulating type heat exchanger |
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