CN115281075A - 一种筛选高吸镉棉花品种方法 - Google Patents

一种筛选高吸镉棉花品种方法 Download PDF

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CN115281075A
CN115281075A CN202210899196.7A CN202210899196A CN115281075A CN 115281075 A CN115281075 A CN 115281075A CN 202210899196 A CN202210899196 A CN 202210899196A CN 115281075 A CN115281075 A CN 115281075A
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cadmium
cotton
screening
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CN115281075B (zh
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匡政成
陈浩东
郭利双
匡逢春
李育强
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HUNAN INSTITUTE OF COTTON SCIENCES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/04Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种筛选高吸镉棉花品种方法,具体通过室内水培试验筛选出苗期低吸镉棉花材料,再通过在镉污染耕地大田试验筛选吐絮成熟期地上部生物量较大的棉花材料,最后通过镉污染耕地多年多点试验获得皮棉产量较高、吐絮成熟期地上部镉累积量较大的高吸镉棉花品种。

Description

一种筛选高吸镉棉花品种方法
技术领域
本发明属于棉花品种筛选技术领域,具体涉及一种筛选高吸镉棉花品种方法。
背景技术
土壤是人类赖以生存的重要物质基础,也是保障农产品质量安全、人居环境安全的重要前提。然而长期工矿业“三废(废气、废水和废渣)”不科学排放、农药和化肥等不合理使用造成国内土壤重金属累积严重,重金属污染问题日益突出,2014年环境保护部和国土资源部联合发布的《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》显示,我国19.4%的耕地土壤受到污染,其中重金属镉(Cd)点位超标率高达7.0%,居无机污染物首位。镉污染耕地不仅会影响动植物生长发育,还会通过食物链威胁人体健康。治理Cd污染耕地,降低土壤中镉含量是当前农业生产过程中亟需解决的重要问题。
筛选和利用高吸镉的农作物是实现Cd污染耕地大范围修复治理的重要途径。棉花是我国最主要的农作物之一,生物量大,对镉耐受性较好,吸收、转运和聚集镉的能力较强,且主产品棉纤维不会进入食物链,是Cd污染耕地最理想的修复作物之一。然而目前高吸镉棉花品种主要通过在镉污染耕地比较大量棉花品种镉积累量来筛选,这种方法工作量大、盲目性强。因此,有必要提高高吸镉棉花品种筛选效率。
发明内容
在此本发明的目的是针对现有技术存在的不足,提供一种筛选高吸镉棉花品种方法。具体通过以下几个方面来实现:
(1)通过室内水培试验,筛选出苗期低吸镉棉花材料;
(2)通过在镉污染耕地大田试验,从苗期低吸镉棉花材料中筛选出吐絮成熟期地上部生物量较大的棉花材料;
(3)通过在镉污染耕地多年多点试验,从吐絮成熟期地上部生物量较大的棉花材料中筛选出皮棉产量较高、吐絮成熟期地上部镉累积量较大的高吸镉棉花品种。
进一步,步骤(1)中所述室内水培试验中镉浓度为3 mg/L。
进一步,步骤(1)中所述苗期低吸镉棉花材料在播种30天取样测定单株镉累积量≤63μg。
进一步,步骤(2)中所述镉污染耕地土壤中镉含量≥0.30mg/kg。
进一步,步骤(2)中所述棉花种植密度6000株/亩。
进一步,步骤(3)中所述对照品种为湘419。
本发明将棉花苗期单株镉累积量(a)与棉花吐絮成熟期地上部镉累积量(y)进行拟合,其回归方程为y=595869.329-6544.215a+51.157a2(R2=0.433)。棉花吐絮成熟期地上部镉累积量随着棉花苗期单株镉累积量的增加呈先下降后上升趋势。考虑镉是棉花生长中非必需元素,过量的镉会影响棉花正常生长发育,因此,本发明选择苗期低吸镉棉花材料,来降低高吸镉棉花品种筛选范围。
本发明对苗期低吸镉棉花材料的皮棉产量、吐絮成熟期地上部镉累积量及地上部生物量进行相关性分析,结果表明吐絮成熟期地上部生物量与皮棉产量、吐絮成熟期地上部Cd累积量呈极显著正相关。将棉花吐絮成熟期地上部生物量(b)与棉花吐絮成熟期地上部镉累积量(y)进行拟合,其回归方程为y=2700.008+1.087b(R2=0.618)。吐絮成熟期地上部生物量对吐絮成熟期地上部Cd累积量为正作用。
具体实施方式
现结合具体实施例,来对本发明作进一步的阐述。此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。下述实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,按照常规方法和条件,或按照商品说明书选择。
实施例一
苗期低吸镉棉花材料筛选:
(1)4月上旬,将引进及创制的棉花材料催芽后播种在装有基蛭的穴盘内,每穴一粒,每个棉花材料50穴;
(2)将播种后的穴盘放入镉浓度为3 mg/L水溶液中,培养30天;
(3)每个棉花材料随机选取10株测定单株镉累积量,淘汰单株镉累积量>63μg的棉花材料。
实施例二
吐絮成熟期地上部生物量较大的棉花材料筛选:
(1)将苗期单株镉累积量≤63μg的棉花材料移栽到镉含量≥0.30mg/kg的土壤中,每个棉花材料移栽20株,不设重复。种植密度6000株/亩;
(2)10月中、上旬,每个棉花材料随机选取5株测定地上部生物量,根据吐絮成熟期地上部生物量淘汰4/5的棉花材料。
实施例三
皮棉产量较高、吐絮成熟期地上部镉累积量较大的高吸镉棉花品种筛选:
(1)第一年,将吐絮成熟期地上部生物量较大的棉花材料种植到衡阳、株洲、湘潭、长沙、岳阳、常德等地区镉含量≥0.30mg/kg的土壤中;以湘419为对照,栽培管理参照当地习惯进行;
(2)第二年,继续将吐絮成熟期地上部生物量较大的棉花材料种植到衡阳、株洲、湘潭、长沙、岳阳、常德等地区镉含量≥0.30mg/kg的土壤中;以湘419为对照,栽培管理参照当地习惯进行;
(3)综合两年六点结果,选取皮棉产量、吐絮成熟期地上部镉累积量不低于湘419的棉花品种为高吸镉棉花品种。
针对本发明进行了大田试验,具体如下:
2017年3月30日,将引进及创制的134份棉花材料催芽;
2017年4月3日,将催芽后的棉花材料播种在装有基蛭的穴盘内,每穴一粒,每个棉花材料50穴;然后将播种后的穴盘放入镉浓度为3 mg/L水溶液中;
2017年5月3日,每个棉花材料随机选取10株测定单株镉累积量;
2017年5月8日,淘汰单株镉累积量>63μg的45份棉花材料;并将89份苗期低吸镉棉花材料移栽到株洲镉含量1.03mg/kg的某土壤中,每个棉花材料移栽20株,不设重复。行距0.76m,株距0.15m,种植密度6000株/亩;
2017年10月15日,每个棉花材料随机选取5株测定地上部生物量,获取吐絮成熟期地上部生物量较大的棉花材料18份;
2018年5月14日,将18份吐絮成熟期地上部生物量较大的棉花材料及对照品种湘419种植在衡阳、株洲、湘潭、长沙、岳阳、常德等6个地区;
2018年10月22日,测量18份吐絮成熟期地上部生物量较大的棉花材料及对照品种湘419的产量和地上部镉累积量;
2019年5月08日,将18份吐絮成熟期地上部生物量较大的棉花材料及对照品种湘419种植在衡阳、株洲、湘潭、长沙、岳阳、常德等6个地区;
2019年10月18日,测量18份吐絮成熟期地上部生物量较大的棉花材料及对照品种湘419的产量和地上部镉累积量;
2018年10月30日,综合两年六点结果,获得湘FZ031、湘杂棉23号等2个高吸镉棉花新品种。

Claims (6)

1.一种筛选高吸镉棉花品种方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)通过室内水培试验,筛选出苗期低吸镉棉花种质资源;
(2)通过在镉污染耕地大田试验,从苗期低吸镉棉花种质资源中筛选出吐絮成熟期地上部生物量较大的种质资源;
(3)通过在镉污染耕地多年多点试验,从吐絮成熟期地上部生物量较大的种质资源中筛选出皮棉产量较高、吐絮成熟期地上部镉累积量较大的高吸镉棉花品种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的筛选高吸镉棉花品种方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述室内水培试验中镉浓度为3 mg/L。
3.根据权利要求2所述的筛选高吸镉棉花品种方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述苗期低吸镉棉花种质资源在播种30天取样测定单株镉累积量≤63μg。
4.根据权利要求1所述的筛选高吸镉棉花品种方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述镉污染耕地土壤中镉含量≥0.30mg/kg。
5.根据权利要求1所述的筛选高吸镉棉花品种方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述棉花种植密度6000株/亩。
6.根据权利要求1所述的筛选高吸镉棉花品种方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述对照品种为湘419。
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WO2022083511A1 (zh) * 2020-10-21 2022-04-28 湖南省棉花科学研究所 一种转基因优质陆地棉新品种的选育方法

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WO2022083511A1 (zh) * 2020-10-21 2022-04-28 湖南省棉花科学研究所 一种转基因优质陆地棉新品种的选育方法

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HAODONG CHEN等: "Analysis of potential strategies for cadmium stress tolerance revealed by transcriptome analysis of upland cotton" *
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欧阳燕莎;刘爱玉;李瑞莲;李毅;张志刚;郭利双;: "不同镉浓度对棉苗生长及其体内镉积累的影响" *
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