CN115276796A - Ladder code based atmospheric optical transmission method with super-Nyquist rate - Google Patents

Ladder code based atmospheric optical transmission method with super-Nyquist rate Download PDF

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CN115276796A
CN115276796A CN202210727954.7A CN202210727954A CN115276796A CN 115276796 A CN115276796 A CN 115276796A CN 202210727954 A CN202210727954 A CN 202210727954A CN 115276796 A CN115276796 A CN 115276796A
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super
nyquist
code
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ladder
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曹明华
刘玲
雷艺
侯文斌
康中将
吴照恒
李文文
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Lanzhou University of Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/11Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50Transmitters
    • H04B10/516Details of coding or modulation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0071Use of interleaving

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of super-Nyquist transmission technology and channel coding, and particularly relates to a super-Nyquist-rate atmospheric optical transmission method based on a step code. At a transmitting end, step code coding adopts BCH codes as component code words, and then super-Nyquist signals are sent to an atmosphere channel after the super-Nyquist signal is obtained by interleaving, PAM modulation and a super-Nyquist shaping filter; at a receiving end, after the received signal is subjected to super-Nyquist sampling, deinterleaving and PAM demodulation, iterative decoding is carried out through a ladder code decoder, and then binary bit stream is recovered. Compared with an uncoded super-Nyquist atmosphere optical communication system, the method and the device have the advantages that the error code performance of the system is obviously improved under the condition of lower complexity, and the communication quality of the system is improved.

Description

Ladder code based atmospheric optical transmission method with super-Nyquist rate
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of super-Nyquist transmission technology and channel coding, and particularly relates to a super-Nyquist-rate atmospheric optical transmission method based on a ladder code.
Background
In the 6G era, curtains have been formally pulled apart, and in order to meet diversified service requirements of various communication scenes, people put forward higher requirements on communication quality and data transmission rate. Wireless Optical communication, also known as Free Space Optical (FSO), is a bidirectional communication technology using light to transmit information in an air channel, has the advantages of large bandwidth, license-Free spectrum, high data rate, and the like, and is widely applied. However, the system transmission performance is severely deteriorated due to the effect of atmospheric turbulence. The Faster Than Nyquist (FTN) transmission technique, as a novel non-orthogonal transmission technique, obtains a higher data transmission rate by compressing a transmission symbol interval in a time domain and transmitting multi-stream data in an overlapping manner within one symbol period. For this reason, FTN technology is introduced to improve the transmission performance of the free space optical communication system.
Significant efforts have been made to date in the research on FTN technology. The research mainly focuses on the techniques to eliminate Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) inevitably introduced due to the fact that orthogonality between signals is destroyed, such as Interference elimination, turbo equalization, minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) equalization, and the like. However, in practical transmission channels, FTN techniques suffer not only from ISI, but also from channel noise, particularly turbulent channels. Channel coding can greatly improve the reliability of a communication system. Therefore, the FTN system can employ channel coding techniques to ensure reliable signal transmission.
At present, common channel coding mainly focuses on Parity-check (LDPC) codes, and although LDPC codes have better performance, LDPC codes also have the cost of high decoding complexity, and correspond to the problems of high delay, high power consumption, high cost, and the like, which also limits the application of LDPC codes in high-rate Low-cost optical communication systems. In this context, the low-complexity high-decoding-performance ladder Codes (SCCs) are rapidly receiving attention as soon as they appear in the field of optical communications.
Therefore, the invention provides an atmospheric optical transmission method based on ladder codes and exceeding the Nyquist rate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art and solve the problems, the invention provides a super-Nyquist-rate atmospheric optical transmission method based on ladder codes.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention relates to a ladder code-based atmospheric optical transmission method with super-Nyquist rate, which combines ladder code technology with super-Nyquist technology, improves the transmission rate of an atmospheric optical communication system under an exponential Weibull turbulence channel, and reduces the calculation complexity under the condition that the error code performance of the system is not changed, and comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: at a sending end, firstly, the binary bit sequence is subjected to ladder code coding, the binary bit sequence is divided into a plurality of groups and is loaded into a plurality of blocks of ladder codes, and each row in the blocks is coded by utilizing the component code words of the BCH code, so that the check bits of each row are obtained, a complete ladder code block containing information bits and check bits is formed, and ladder code coding is completed. And PAM modulation is carried out on the signal after passing through the interleaver, and the modulated signal is sent to a super-Nyquist shaping filter to obtain a sending signal s (t), namely:
Figure BDA0003709725600000021
in the formula, snDenotes the n-th information symbol after mapping, g (T) denotes the impulse response of the super-Nyquist shaping filter, T denotes the period time of each impulse, τ (0 <)τ ≦ 1) represents a faster-than-nyquist factor; loading the formed super-Nyquist signal onto a laser carrier, and sending the laser carrier into an atmospheric turbulence channel which obeys exponential Weibull distribution through a laser diode;
step 2: at the receiving end, the optical signal passes through a turbulent flow channel and is converted into an electric signal by a photoelectric detector, and the received signal is assumed to be y (t), namely
y(t)=ξhs(t)+z(t), (2)
Wherein h is a channel fading coefficient, ξ is a photoelectric conversion efficiency, z (t) is a mean value of 0, and a variance σ is2Additive white gaussian noise of (1); the signal is sampled by a super-Nyquist sampler and then is demodulated and deinterleaved by PAM; then, step code Decoding is carried out on the signal in a sliding window Decoding mode, and iterative Decoding is carried out on the line corresponding to each component code word by utilizing bound-Distance Decoding (BDD) in a sliding window; supposing that the length of the sliding window is L, firstly assisting an all-zero block, then receiving L-1 ladder code blocks from a channel, combining the all-zero block and the L-1 ladder code blocks into the sliding window with the length of L to carry out iterative decoding, and outputting a first block in the sliding window when the iterative times reach the maximum. Then, a new ladder code block is received, and a sliding window with the length of L is continuously combined for iterative decoding; by the analogy, the process is continuously carried out, all ladder code blocks are sequentially output, and the ladder code blocks are restored into binary bit sequences after being decoded.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the atmospheric optical transmission method based on the ladder code and with the super-Nyquist rate improves the error code performance of the FTN-FSO system; the FTN technology can improve the transmission rate of the FSO system, but because the orthogonality among signals in the technology is destroyed, intersymbol interference is inevitably introduced, the reliability of the system is seriously influenced, and the error code performance of the system is reduced. The invention combines the step code and FTN technology to be applied to the FSO system. Compared with an uncoded FTN-FSO system, the invention effectively improves the error code performance of the system and reduces the influence of intersymbol interference and channel noise interference on the system.
2. The atmospheric optical transmission method based on the ladder code and with the super-Nyquist rate can realize complexity with a lower system; although the performance of the LDPC code of the conventional soft-decision Forward Error Correction (FEC) technology is superior to that of the hard-decision FEC technology under the same code rate and code length, the LDPC code also pays a cost of high decoding complexity, and is limited in application to a high-rate low-cost optical communication system corresponding to problems of high delay, high power consumption, high cost and the like. The ladder code as the novel hard decision FEC technology has the advantages of low complexity and high performance. The invention uses BDD algorithm to carry out iterative decoding on the line corresponding to each component code word at the receiving end, the BDD is a hard decision decoder used for linear block code, and further has lower system realization complexity.
Drawings
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a SCC-FTN-FSO system;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing error performance of FTN-FSO system with or without SCC encoding;
FIG. 3 is a graph of error performance of an FTN-FSO system with or without SCC encoding under different turbulence intensities;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of SCC-FTN-FSO system error performance under different receiving apertures;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of SCC-FTN-FSO system error performance under different acceleration factors;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following detailed description so that the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the present invention can be easily understood.
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 5, the method for transmitting atmospheric light at a super-nyquist rate based on a ladder code according to the present invention combines a ladder code technique with a super-nyquist technique, increases the transmission rate of an atmospheric optical communication system under an exponential weibull turbulent flow channel, and reduces the computational complexity under the condition that the system error performance is unchanged, and comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: at a transmitting end, firstly, the binary bit sequence is subjected to ladder code coding, the binary bit sequence is divided into a plurality of groups and is loaded into a plurality of blocks of ladder codes, and each row in the blocks is coded by utilizing the component code words of the BCH code, so that the check bit of each row is obtained, a complete ladder code block containing information bits and check bits is formed, and ladder code coding is completed. And PAM modulation is carried out on the signal after passing through the interleaver, and the modulated signal is sent to a super-Nyquist shaping filter to obtain a sending signal s (t), namely:
Figure BDA0003709725600000041
in the formula, snRepresenting the mapped nth information symbol, g (T) representing the impulse response of the super-Nyquist shaping filter, T representing the period time of each impulse, and τ (0 < τ ≦ 1) representing the super-Nyquist acceleration factor; loading the molded faster-than-Nyquist signal on a laser carrier, and sending the faster-than-Nyquist signal into an atmospheric turbulence channel which obeys exponential Weibull distribution through a laser diode;
step 2: at the receiving end, the optical signal passes through a turbulent flow channel and is converted into an electrical signal by a photoelectric detector, and the received signal is assumed to be y (t) and has
y(t)=ξhs(t)+z(t), (2)
Wherein h is a channel fading coefficient, ξ is a photoelectric conversion efficiency, z (t) is a mean value of 0, and a variance σ is2Additive white gaussian noise of (1); the signal is sampled by a super-Nyquist sampler and then is demodulated and deinterleaved by PAM; then, step code decoding is carried out on the signal in a sliding window decoding mode, and iterative decoding is carried out on the line corresponding to each component code word in the sliding window by using limited distance decoding; supposing that the length of the sliding window is L, firstly assisting an all-zero block, then receiving L-1 ladder code blocks from a channel, combining the L-1 ladder code blocks into a sliding window with the length of L to carry out iterative decoding, and outputting a first block in the sliding window when the iteration times reach the maximum. Then, a new ladder code block is received, and a sliding window with the length of L is continuously combined for iterative decoding; and by parity of reasoning, continuously performing the process, sequentially outputting all ladder code blocks, and recovering the ladder code blocks into a binary bit sequence after decoding.
The invention relates to an atmospheric optical transmission method with super-Nyquist rate based on ladder codes. The present invention is described with respect to a specific implementation of an SCC-FTN-FSO system, other FTN-FSO systems may be implemented according to this principle. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments thereof.
The invention is achieved by the following technical measures:
1. the basic assumption is that:
the invention assumes that the channel state follows exponential weibull distribution, assumes that the background light has been filtered out by the filter, and considers only additive white gaussian noise. This assumption is typical of such systems and is not a particular requirement of the present invention.
2. The method comprises the following specific implementation steps:
step 1: at a transmitting end, after the step code coding and interleaving are carried out on the binary bit sequence, continuous m bits are mapped to a symbol s at n timenForming an M-order pulse amplitude modulated signal (i.e. M-PAM modulation, M = 2)m). And then an FTN signal s (t) is obtained after passing through an FTN forming filter and is sent to an atmospheric turbulence channel by a laser diode. Suppose that the transmitted signal is
Figure BDA0003709725600000051
In the formula, snRepresenting the n-th information symbol after mapping, g (T) representing the impulse response of the FTN shaping filter, T representing each impulse time, and τ (0 < τ ≦ 1) representing the acceleration factor.
Step 2: at the receiving end, the optical signal passes through a turbulent flow channel and is converted into an electric signal by a photoelectric detector, and the received signal is assumed to be y (t), namely
y(t)=ξhs(t)+z(t), (4)
Wherein h is channel fading coefficient, ξ is photoelectric conversion efficiency, z (t) is mean 0, and variance σ is2Is additive white gaussian noise. In an atmospheric turbulence channel, h follows an exponential Weibull distribution with a probability density function and an accumulation function, respectively
Figure BDA0003709725600000061
Figure BDA0003709725600000062
Where α and β are shape parameters related to the flicker index SI and η is a scale parameter related to the average value of irradiance. And y (t) is subjected to FTN sampling, PAM demodulation, deinterleaving and SCC decoding and then is recovered into binary data bit stream.
Simulation experiment
In order to further illustrate that the correctness of the method and parameters such as turbulence intensity, receiving aperture and the like influence the error code performance of the system, a Monte Carlo method is adopted to carry out simulation analysis on the error code performance of the method;
simulation parameters: assuming that the channel state information is known at the receiving end, the photoelectric conversion efficiency ξ =0.5. For weak turbulence, a receiving aperture of 0mm corresponds to α =4.89, β =1.03, η =0.46;25mm corresponds to α =3.67, β =1.97, η =0.73;60mm corresponds to α =1.69, β =8.27, η =1.00;80mm corresponds to α =1.01, β =19.27, η =1.03; at moderate turbulence, a receiving aperture of 0mm corresponds to α =5.93, β =0.46, η =0.11;25mm corresponds to α =5.37, β =0.81, η =0.33;60mm corresponds to α =3.47, β =2.20, η =0.77;80mm corresponds to α =2.52, β =4.06, η =0.92; at high turbulence, a receiving aperture of 0mm corresponds to α =5.94, β =0.46, η =0.11;25mm corresponds to α =5.50, β =0.74, η =0.29;60mm corresponds to α =4.80, β =1.08, η =0.48;80mm corresponds to α =4.39, β =1.34, η =0.58. The code rate of the ladder code is 0.5, and the corresponding component code C is BCH (88, 66, 3); the length of the decoding window of the ladder code is 9, and the iteration number is 7.
Simulation result
Fig. 2 is a graph of error performance versus SCC encoding for FTN-FSO systems under weak turbulence, where the abscissa represents signal-to-noise ratio in decibels (dB) and the ordinate represents error rate. The solid line with the symbol "\9679" \ "represents the error performance of the SCC-FTN-FSO system; the solid line represents the SCC-FTN-FSO system.
As can be seen from fig. 2: compared with the performance of an uncoded FTN-FSO system, the introduction of the step code effectively reduces the error rate of a received signal. At BER =10-5SCC may produce a gain of 11.053 dB.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the effect of different turbulence intensities on the error performance of a system, where the abscissa represents the signal-to-noise ratio in decibels (dB) and the ordinate represents the error rate. The solid line with symbol "xxx" represents the error code performance of the SCC-FTN-FSO system under the influence of weak turbulence; the solid line with the symbol "\9632" -represents the error performance of the SCC-FTN-FSO system under the influence of moderate turbulence; the solid line with the symbol \9679representsthe error code performance of the SCC-FTN-FSO system under the influence of strong turbulence; the dashed line with symbol "xxx" represents the error code performance of the FTN-FSO system under the influence of weak turbulence; the dashed line with the symbol "\9632;" represents the error performance of the FTN-FSO system under the influence of moderate turbulence; the dashed line with the symbol "\9679;" represents the error performance of the FTN-FSO system under the influence of strong turbulence.
As can be seen from fig. 3, 1) the error code performance of the FTN-FSO system is the best under weak turbulence, the second of medium turbulence and the worst under strong turbulence. This is because the stronger the turbulence intensity, the more noise disturbance is introduced. 2) The bit error rate performance of the SCC-FTN-FSO system is better than that of an uncoded FTN-FSO system under any turbulence intensity. When BER =10-5When compared to an uncoded system, the medium turbulence intensity down-step code achieves a performance gain of 16.01 dB.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the effect of different receive apertures on the error performance of the SCC-FTN-FSO system under high turbulence, where the abscissa represents the signal-to-noise ratio in decibels (dB) and the ordinate represents the error rate. A solid line with a symbol "xxx" represents the error code performance of the system under the influence of a receiving aperture of 80 mm; the solid line with the symbol "\9632" \ "represents the error code performance of the system under the influence of a receiving aperture of 60 mm; the solid line with the symbol "\9679" \ "represents the error code performance of the system under the influence of a 25mm receive aperture; the solid line with the symbol ". Diamond-solid" represents the error performance of the system under the influence of a receive aperture of 0mm (point reception).
As can be seen from FIG. 4, for SCC-FTN-FSO system: 1) The code error rate performance is better than that under the condition of point reception (0 mm) when the receiving apertures are 25mm,60mm and 80mm respectively, and the performance is better when the aperture is larger. 2) At the same bit error rate, the signal-to-noise ratio required for the system decreases with increasing receive aperture. At BER =10-5When compared to point reception, the performance gains obtained for 25mm,60mm and 80mm were 5.615db,7.674db and 8.345dB, respectively.
Fig. 5 is a graph of the effect of different acceleration factors on the error performance of the SCC-FTN-FSO system under weak turbulence, where the abscissa represents the signal-to-noise ratio in decibels (dB) and the ordinate represents the error rate. The solid line with the symbol \9632representsthe error performance of the system with an acceleration factor τ = 1; the solid line with the symbol \9679representsthe error performance of the system at acceleration factor τ = 0.9; the solid line with the symbol a represents the error performance of the system at an acceleration factor τ = 0.8. The solid line with symbol "xxx" represents the error performance of the system at an acceleration factor τ = 0.76; the solid line with the symbol ". Diamond-solid" represents the error performance of the system at an acceleration factor τ =0.73; with a symbol
Figure BDA0003709725600000081
The solid line of (a) represents the error performance of the system at an acceleration factor τ = 0.7; with a symbol
Figure BDA0003709725600000084
The solid line of (a) represents the error performance of the system at an acceleration factor τ = 0.67; with a symbol
Figure BDA0003709725600000082
The solid line of (a) represents the error performance of the system at an acceleration factor τ = 0.63; with a symbol
Figure BDA0003709725600000083
The solid line of (b) represents the error performance of the system at an acceleration factor τ = 0.6.
As is evident from fig. 5: for the SCC-FTN-FSO system, the error rate performance decreases with the decrease of the acceleration factor, which is more obvious when the acceleration factor τ is smaller than 0.67, because the decrease of the acceleration factor causes the ISI to be more severe, thereby causing the system performance to be seriously lost.
The above is the detailed description of the invention and the simulation verification. The method according to the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented by software or hardware, which is a contribution of the present invention to the prior art.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (1)

1. A step code based atmospheric optical transmission method with super-Nyquist rate is characterized in that: combining the step code technology with the super Nyquist technology, improving the transmission rate of an atmospheric optical communication system under an exponential Weibull turbulence channel, and reducing the calculation complexity under the condition that the error code performance of the system is not changed, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
step 1: at a transmitting end, firstly, step code coding is carried out on a binary bit sequence, the binary bit sequence is divided into a plurality of groups and is loaded into a plurality of blocks of step codes, and each row in the blocks is coded by utilizing component code words of BCH codes, so that check bits of each row are obtained, a complete step code block containing information bits and check bits is formed, and step code coding is completed; and PAM modulation is carried out on the signal after the interleaving device is further carried out, the modulated signal is sent to a super-Nyquist shaping filter, and a sending signal s (t) is obtained, namely:
Figure FDA0003709725590000011
in the formula, snRepresents the n-th information symbol after mapping, and g (t) represents the pulse of the super-Nyquist shaping filterImpulse response, T represents the cycle time of each pulse, τ (0 < τ ≦ 1) represents the faster-than-Nyquist factor; loading the formed super-Nyquist signal onto a laser carrier, and sending the laser carrier into an atmospheric turbulence channel which obeys exponential Weibull distribution through a laser diode;
step 2: at the receiving end, the optical signal passes through a turbulent flow channel and is converted into an electric signal by a photoelectric detector, and the received signal is assumed to be y (t), namely
y(t)=ξhs(t)+z(t), (2)
Wherein h is a channel fading coefficient, ξ is a photoelectric conversion efficiency, z (t) is a mean value of 0, and a variance σ is2Additive white gaussian noise of (1); the signal is sampled by a super-Nyquist sampler and then is demodulated and deinterleaved by PAM; then, step code decoding is carried out on the signal in a sliding window decoding mode, and iterative decoding is carried out on the line corresponding to each component code word in the sliding window by using limited distance decoding; supposing that the length of a sliding window is L, firstly assisting an all-zero block, then receiving L-1 ladder code blocks from a channel, combining the L-1 ladder code blocks into a sliding window with the length of L to carry out iterative decoding, and outputting a first block in the sliding window when the iteration times reach the maximum; then, a new ladder code block is received, and a sliding window with the length of L is continuously combined for iterative decoding; and by parity of reasoning, continuously performing the process, sequentially outputting all ladder code blocks, and recovering the ladder code blocks into a binary bit sequence after decoding.
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