CN115275626A - Liquid crystal material dual-frequency reconfigurable antenna based on electromagnetic band gap structure - Google Patents

Liquid crystal material dual-frequency reconfigurable antenna based on electromagnetic band gap structure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115275626A
CN115275626A CN202210898054.9A CN202210898054A CN115275626A CN 115275626 A CN115275626 A CN 115275626A CN 202210898054 A CN202210898054 A CN 202210898054A CN 115275626 A CN115275626 A CN 115275626A
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liquid crystal
dielectric substrate
transmission line
microstrip transmission
frequency
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CN202210898054.9A
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陈彭
王丽华
林煜萌
王丹
周俊
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Jimei University
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Jimei University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
    • H01Q15/002—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices being reconfigurable or tunable, e.g. using switches or diodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors

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Abstract

The invention discloses a liquid crystal material dual-frequency reconfigurable antenna based on an electromagnetic band gap structure, which comprises an upper dielectric substrate, a middle dielectric substrate and a lower conductive substrate which are arranged in a stacked manner; the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate is provided with a microstrip parasitic patch; the lower surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate is provided with a slotted rectangular metal patch and a step microstrip transmission line, and the slotted rectangular metal patch is provided with a groove to form an S shape; the step microstrip transmission line is led out from one long side of the slotted rectangular metal patch to the edge of the middle-layer dielectric substrate to form a feeder line structure; the slotted rectangular metal patch is positioned in the middle of the orthographic projection area of the microstrip parasitic patch; the middle part of the middle layer medium substrate is hollowed to form a liquid crystal groove and is filled with liquid crystal; the orthographic projection of the slotted rectangular metal patch is positioned in the liquid crystal slot; and the edge of the middle-layer dielectric substrate is provided with an electromagnetic band gap structure which acts on the feeder line structure to realize spread spectrum input. The antenna has the functions of multi-band wide-frequency reconstruction capability and cross-band work.

Description

Liquid crystal material dual-frequency reconfigurable antenna based on electromagnetic band gap structure
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a liquid crystal material dual-frequency reconfigurable antenna based on an electromagnetic band gap structure.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless mobile communication technology, users have made higher demands on communication devices. As an indispensable important component in a wireless communication terminal, an antenna also has to meet the requirements of continuous system development, meet different system and standard requirements, and be compatible with more working frequency bands. However, the conventional antenna can only work in a fixed frequency band, and the communication frequency band cannot be freely switched according to the use requirement. The frequency reconfigurable antenna has the advantages that the frequency reconfigurable antenna can adjust corresponding working frequency bands according to changeable environments and complex communication systems, and real-time and effective wireless communication is guaranteed.
At present, the antenna mainly utilizes a radio frequency switch device to realize a frequency reconfigurable function, such as a PIN diode, a micro-electro-mechanical system, and the like. The frequency reconfigurable function realized by the common radio frequency switching devices is generally in a non-covering and discontinuous tuning mode, and cannot cover blind areas existing between the switching of working frequency points. In addition, the frequency reconfigurable function realized by the radio frequency switch device has the problem of parasitic effect caused by the integration of an electronic element and an antenna, so that the performance of the antenna is deteriorated, and the electronic element is not beneficial to the miniaturization and circuit integration of the antenna. In contrast, the introduction of the electrically controlled material, liquid crystal material, can solve the above problems well, and the principle of its electrically controlled characteristics derives from the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material itself, so that it has good physical characteristics in microwave, millimeter wave and even terahertz. At present, researchers have focused more on miniaturization of the antenna, frequency variation range, and the like, but these technical difficulties are more limited by the properties of the liquid crystal material itself. Based on the existing technical state and production process of liquid crystal materials, the liquid crystal antenna still has the defects and technical difficulties that the liquid crystal antenna works in a single frequency band and the frequency change range is small.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal antenna, which is used to solve the problem that the conventional antenna can only operate in a fixed frequency band and cannot perform flexible frequency switching according to communication requirements, and to solve the problem that the frequency variation range of the antenna is small when the antenna operates in a single frequency band.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a liquid crystal material dual-frequency reconfigurable antenna based on an electromagnetic band gap structure comprises an upper dielectric substrate, a middle dielectric substrate and a lower conductive substrate which are arranged in a stacked mode;
four rectangular microstrip parasitic patches distributed in two rows and two columns are arranged on the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate; the lower surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate is provided with a slotted rectangular metal patch and a step microstrip transmission line, the slotted rectangular metal patch is provided with a pair of T-shaped grooves which are centrosymmetric by using the central point of the slotted rectangular metal patch, one end of a transverse groove of each T-shaped groove is an open end, and the transverse groove is opened on the wide side of the slotted rectangular metal patch; the longitudinal groove of the T-shaped groove is arranged along the direction far away from the central point of the slotted rectangular metal patch; the step microstrip transmission line comprises a first microstrip transmission line and a second microstrip transmission line, and extends from the middle point of one long side of the slotted rectangular metal patch to the edge of the middle-layer dielectric substrate; the slotted rectangular metal patch is positioned in the middle of the orthographic projection area of the four rectangular microstrip parasitic patches on the upper surface;
the middle part of the middle layer medium substrate is hollowed to form a liquid crystal groove, and the liquid crystal groove is filled with liquid crystal; the orthographic projection of the slotted rectangular metal patch is positioned in the liquid crystal slot; the edge of the middle layer dielectric substrate is provided with a third microstrip transmission line and two square metal patches positioned at two sides of the third microstrip transmission line, the edges of the second microstrip transmission line and the third microstrip transmission line are connected in a superposition way, and the second microstrip transmission line and the third microstrip transmission line form a feeder line structure of the antenna;
the lower conductive substrate comprises a complete conductive metal layer which is used as a ground plane; the two square metal patches are electrically connected with the conductive metal layer of the lower conductive substrate through the metalized through holes respectively to form an electromagnetic band gap structure.
Furthermore, the upper dielectric substrate and the middle dielectric substrate are high-frequency substrates made of PTFE composite materials.
Further, the thicknesses of the upper-layer dielectric substrate and the middle-layer dielectric substrate are related to the frequencies of two resonance frequency points of the liquid crystal material dual-frequency reconfigurable antenna, the central wavelength of the low-frequency resonance frequency points of the antenna is taken as a reference, and the thickness of the upper-layer dielectric substrate is about 1/25 of the central wavelength; the thickness of the interlayer dielectric substrate is about 1/25 of the center wavelength.
Furthermore, the size of the slotted rectangular metal patch is related to the frequency of two resonance frequency points of the liquid crystal material dual-frequency reconfigurable antenna, the central wavelength of the low-frequency resonance frequency point of the antenna is taken as reference, the length of the slotted rectangular metal patch is about 3/5 of the central wavelength, and the width of the slotted rectangular metal patch is about 3/5 of the central wavelength; the T-shaped grooves comprise transverse grooves and longitudinal grooves; one end of the transverse groove is an open end of the T-shaped groove, the other end of the transverse groove is a closed end, and the open end of the longitudinal groove is positioned in the middle of the transverse groove; the groove width of the T-shaped groove is about 1/20 of the central wavelength, the length of the transverse groove is about 9/25 of the central wavelength, the length of the longitudinal groove is about 2/25 of the central wavelength, and the distance from the closed end of the transverse groove to the joint of the longitudinal groove and the transverse groove is 3/50 of the central wavelength.
Furthermore, the first microstrip transmission line is narrower than the second microstrip transmission line.
Further, in a possible solution, the lower conductive substrate is an aluminum plate or a copper plate.
Further, in another possible solution, the lower conductive substrate is a printed circuit board, and the upper surface of the printed circuit board is covered with a copper foil.
The invention realizes the following technical effects:
the liquid crystal material dual-frequency reconfigurable antenna based on the electromagnetic band gap structure has the functions of multi-frequency-band wide frequency reconfiguration and cross-frequency-band realization.
When the liquid crystal material dual-frequency reconfigurable antenna based on the electromagnetic band gap structure realizes the frequency reconfiguration function, the radiation characteristic in the reconfiguration frequency range is basically kept stable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an expanded view of an embodiment of a liquid crystal antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of an embodiment of a liquid crystal antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the interlayer dielectric substrate of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a graph of measured return loss versus voltage for an antenna in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a data plot of antenna resonant frequency as a function of applied voltage in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a pattern of the YOZ plane of the antenna of one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a pattern diagram of the XOY plane of the antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the various embodiments, the present invention provides the accompanying figures. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate still other possible embodiments and advantages of the present invention with reference to these figures. Elements in the figures are not drawn to scale and like reference numerals are generally used to indicate like elements.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a structural schematic of a liquid crystal material dual-frequency reconfigurable antenna based on an electromagnetic band gap structure, which includes an upper dielectric substrate 1, a middle dielectric substrate 2, a rectangular slot 3, a lower aluminum plate 5, a microstrip parasitic patch 11, a slotted rectangular metal patch 12, a first microstrip transmission line 6, a second microstrip transmission line 7, a third microstrip transmission line 8, a second through hole 9, a metallized through hole 10, a square metal patch 21 and the like.
The upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate 1 is attached with 4 microstrip parasitic patches 11 with the same size, and the upper-layer microstrip parasitic patches 11 are provided with metallized through holes. The lower surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate 1 is attached with a slotted rectangular metal patch 12, a first microstrip transmission line 6 and a second microstrip transmission line 7, and the slotted rectangular metal patch 12 is provided with a pair of T-shaped grooves 121 which are centrosymmetric with the central point of the slotted rectangular metal patch 12; the slotted rectangular metal patch 12 is divided into S shapes by the two T-shaped slots 121; the slotted rectangular metal patch 12 is located in the orthographic projection area of the four microstrip parasitic patches 11.
The middle part of the middle layer medium substrate 2 is hollowed to form a rectangular groove 3, the rectangular groove 3 is used as a liquid crystal cavity for containing liquid crystal, and the thickness of the rectangular groove 3 is the same as that of the middle layer medium substrate 2. The orthographic projection of the slotted rectangular metal patch 12 is located in the rectangular slot 3. The upper surface of the middle-layer dielectric substrate 2 is provided with a grounding coplanar waveguide structure close to the edge of the substrate, in the embodiment, the grounding coplanar waveguide structure comprises a third microstrip transmission line 8 and a square metal patch 21, the square metal patch 21 and the third microstrip transmission line 8 are coplanar and attached to the upper surface of the middle-layer dielectric substrate 2, a pair of square metal patches 21 are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the third microstrip transmission line 8, a metalized through hole 10 is arranged at the central position of the square metal patch 21, and the square metal patch 21 is connected with the lower-layer aluminum plate 5 through the metalized through hole 10, so that an electromagnetic band gap structure (or grounding coplanar waveguide structure) is formed.
Taking a view angle as an example, mounting holes 4 are formed in two sides of the upper-layer dielectric substrate 1, the middle-layer dielectric substrate 2 and the lower-layer aluminum plate 5, and the antenna is assembled through the mounting holes 4, so that the upper-layer dielectric substrate 1, the middle-layer dielectric substrate 2 and the lower-layer aluminum plate 5 are laminated layer by layer to form a whole.
Specific structural parameters of the present embodiment are given below, including: the thicknesses of the upper layer dielectric substrate 1, the middle layer dielectric substrate 2 and the lower layer aluminum plate 5 are 0.381mm, 0.254mm and 7mm respectively. The upper dielectric substrate 1 and the middle dielectric substrate 2 are high-frequency substrates made of Tastic TLY (tm) -5, rogers RT/Duroid 5880 and other PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) composite materials respectively, dielectric constants and loss tangent values of the two materials are the same and are respectively 2.2 and 0.0009, the two types of high-frequency substrates have different substrate thicknesses, and plates of suitable types can be selected for the upper dielectric substrate 1 and the middle dielectric substrate 2 according to the different substrate thicknesses. The lower aluminum plate 5 has a dielectric constant of 1. The thickness of the upper dielectric substrate 1 and the middle dielectric substrate 2 is related to the frequency of two resonance frequency points of the liquid crystal material dual-frequency reconfigurable antenna, the central wavelength of a low-frequency resonance frequency point in dual-frequency is taken as reference, and the thickness of the upper dielectric substrate 1 is about 1/25 of the central wavelength; the thickness of the interlayer dielectric substrate 2 is about 1/25 of the center wavelength. In this embodiment, the center frequency of the set low-medium frequency resonance frequency point in the dual frequency is about 32.25GHz, and the corresponding center wavelength is about 9.3mm. Based on the above, the thicknesses of the upper dielectric substrate 1 and the middle dielectric substrate 2 are selected to be 0.381mm and 0.254mm respectively according to the nearest plate thickness.
The second through holes 9 vertically penetrate through the upper layer medium substrate 1 and are positioned at four corners of the rectangle of the rectangular groove 3, so that the liquid crystal filling and air discharging effects are achieved. The microstrip parasitic patches 11 are located right above the slotted rectangular metal patches 12 and distributed and arranged around the slotted rectangular metal patches 12.
The microstrip transmission line is composed of a first microstrip transmission line 6, a second microstrip transmission line 7 and a third microstrip transmission line 8, wherein the second microstrip transmission line 7 on the lower surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate 1 and the edge of the third microstrip transmission line 8 of the middle-layer dielectric substrate 2 are connected in a superposition manner to form a feeder line structure.
The electromagnetic band gap structure is a high-impedance surface type electromagnetic band gap structure, and compared with other electromagnetic band gap structures, the designed electromagnetic band gap structure is simple in structure, small in size and convenient to achieve. The high-impedance surface type electromagnetic band gap structure mainly comprises a square metal patch, a metalized through hole and a metal floor.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the microstrip parasitic patch 11 and the slotted rectangular metal patch 12 are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the upper dielectric substrate by etching process of PCB, and the thickness is typically 0.035mm. In this embodiment, the size of each structure is related to the central wavelength of two resonant frequency points of the dual-frequency reconfigurable antenna made of the liquid crystal material, and in this embodiment, the set central frequency point of the low-and-medium-frequency resonant frequency points in the dual-frequency is about 32.25GHz, and the corresponding central wavelength is about 9.3mm. Based on the design, the dimensions of each part are as follows:
a microstrip parasitic patch 11; pw =5.2mm, pl =5.5mm;
slotted rectangular metal patch 12: p is a radical of1＝5.5mm，l1＝5.73mm；
T-shaped groove 121: width of lateral groove 0.5mm: length of transverse grooves 3.35mm: the width of the longitudinal groove is 0.5mm, and the length of the longitudinal groove is 0.7mm; the junction of the longitudinal and transverse grooves is at a distance of 0.55mm from the closed end of the transverse groove. Converted to wavelength, the length p of the slotted rectangular metal patch 121About 3/5 of the center wavelength, width l1About 3/5 of the center wavelength. The width of the T-shaped groove 121 is about 1/20 of the central wavelength, the length of the transverse groove is about 9/25 of the central wavelength, the length of the longitudinal groove is about 2/25 of the central wavelength, and the distance from the closed end of the transverse groove to the joint of the longitudinal groove and the transverse groove is about 3/50 of the central wavelength.
First microstrip transmission line 6: l is2＝3.135mm；
Second microstrip transmission line 7: l is3＝1mm；
Rectangular channel 3: p is a radical of formula2＝8mm，l2＝8mm；
The third microstrip transmission line 8 has a length of 3mm and a width wf＝0.75mm；
Square metal patch 21: l3＝2.35mm，p3＝2.35mm。
Metallized via 10: the diameter is 0.4mm.
The processed plates are assembled together according to the graph I, and a vector network analyzer and related devices are used for testing to obtain a measurement data graph of return loss changing along with voltage and a data graph of resonance frequency changing along with external voltage, which are respectively shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6. The frequency deviation of the high frequency band and the low frequency band of the antenna is most obvious, the resonance frequency point is shifted from 32.5GHz to 32GHz, the frequency deviation of 500MHz is realized, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is basically kept unchanged in the whole tuning process, and the antenna generally keeps the dual-frequency characteristic. When the voltage is increased from 2V to 16V, the reconstruction frequency range of the antenna is 31-33GHz and 36-39GHz.
Fig. 8 and 9 show radiation patterns of different dielectric constants in the YOZ plane and the XOY plane, respectively, and analysis shows that the radiation characteristics of the reconfigurable antenna of the present invention in the range of the reconfiguration frequency band are basically kept stable when the frequency reconfiguration function is realized.
In summary, the reconfigurable antenna of the present invention has the functions of multi-band wide frequency reconfiguration and cross-band operation.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A liquid crystal material dual-frequency reconfigurable antenna based on an electromagnetic band gap structure is characterized by comprising an upper dielectric substrate, a middle dielectric substrate and a lower conductive substrate which are arranged in a stacked manner;
four rectangular microstrip parasitic patches distributed in two rows and two columns are arranged on the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate; the lower surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate is provided with a slotted rectangular metal patch and a step microstrip transmission line, the slotted rectangular metal patch is provided with a pair of T-shaped grooves which are centrosymmetric with the central point of the slotted rectangular metal patch, one end of a transverse groove of each T-shaped groove is an open end, and the transverse groove is opened on the wide side of the slotted rectangular metal patch; the longitudinal groove of the T-shaped groove is arranged along the direction far away from the central point of the slotted rectangular metal patch; the step microstrip transmission line comprises a first microstrip transmission line and a second microstrip transmission line, and extends from the middle point of one long side of the slotted rectangular metal patch to the edge of the middle-layer dielectric substrate; the slotted rectangular metal patch is positioned in the middle of the orthographic projection area of the four rectangular microstrip parasitic patches on the upper surface;
the middle part of the middle layer medium substrate is hollowed to form a liquid crystal groove, and the liquid crystal groove is filled with liquid crystal; the orthographic projection of the slotted rectangular metal patch is positioned in the liquid crystal slot; the edge of the middle layer dielectric substrate is provided with a third microstrip transmission line and two square metal patches positioned on two sides of the third microstrip transmission line, the edges of the second microstrip transmission line and the third microstrip transmission line are superposed and connected, and the second microstrip transmission line and the third microstrip transmission line and the first microstrip transmission line form a feeder line structure of the antenna;
the lower conductive substrate comprises a complete conductive metal layer which is used as a ground plane; the two square metal patches are electrically connected with the conductive metal layer of the lower conductive substrate through the metallized through holes respectively to form an electromagnetic band gap structure.
2. The dual-frequency reconfigurable antenna based on the liquid crystal material with the electromagnetic band gap structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper dielectric substrate and the middle dielectric substrate are high-frequency substrates made of PTFE composite materials.
3. The liquid crystal material dual-frequency reconfigurable antenna based on the electromagnetic band gap structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein the thickness of the upper dielectric substrate is about 1/25 of the central wavelength with reference to the central wavelength of the low-frequency resonance frequency point of the antenna; the thickness of the interlayer dielectric substrate is about 1/25 of the center wavelength.
4. The liquid crystal material dual-frequency reconfigurable antenna based on the electromagnetic band gap structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein the slotted rectangular metal patch has a length of about 3/5 of the central wavelength and a width of about 3/5 of the central wavelength, with the central wavelength of the low-frequency resonance frequency point of the antenna as a reference; the T-shaped grooves comprise transverse grooves and longitudinal grooves; one end of the transverse groove is an open end of the T-shaped groove, the other end of the transverse groove is a closed end, and the open end of the longitudinal groove is positioned in the middle of the transverse groove; the width of the T-shaped groove is about 1/20 of the central wavelength, the length of the transverse groove is about 9/25 of the central wavelength, the length of the longitudinal groove is about 2/25 of the central wavelength, and the distance between the joint of the longitudinal groove and the transverse groove and the closed end of the transverse groove is about 3/50 of the central wavelength.
5. The dual-frequency reconfigurable antenna based on the liquid crystal material with the electromagnetic band gap structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first microstrip transmission line is narrower than the second microstrip transmission line.
6. The dual-frequency reconfigurable antenna based on the liquid crystal material with the electromagnetic bandgap structure, according to claim 1, wherein the lower conductive substrate is an aluminum plate or a copper plate.
7. The dual-frequency reconfigurable antenna based on the liquid crystal material with the electromagnetic band gap structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower conductive substrate is a printed circuit board, and the upper surface of the printed circuit board is covered with copper foil.
CN202210898054.9A 2022-07-28 2022-07-28 Liquid crystal material dual-frequency reconfigurable antenna based on electromagnetic band gap structure Pending CN115275626A (en)

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CN202210898054.9A CN115275626A (en) 2022-07-28 2022-07-28 Liquid crystal material dual-frequency reconfigurable antenna based on electromagnetic band gap structure

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