CN115275614B

CN115275614B - Multiband rectangular loop slot antenna

Info

Publication number: CN115275614B
Application number: CN202210642860.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘小明; 王海洋; 俞硕; 甘露; 王晔; 张然
Original assignee: Anhui Normal University
Current assignee: Anhui Normal University
Priority date: 2022-06-08
Filing date: 2022-06-08
Publication date: 2023-08-15
Anticipated expiration: 2042-06-08
Also published as: CN115275614A

Abstract

The invention discloses a multiband rectangular annular gap antenna which can be used for Beidou, 4G, WLAN and 5G frequency bands, wherein the antenna consists of a ground layer carved with three rectangular annular grooves, an intermediate medium layer, a rectangular feeder line and a patch layer formed by three resonance units, and the microstrip slot antenna can generate 5 passband (1.14 GHz-1.26GHz,1.50GHz-1.75GHz,2.37GHz-2.66GHz,3.17-3.85GHz,4.48-4.59 GHz) within the communication frequency range of 1GHz-5GHz, wherein the first passband is used for the Beidou B2 frequency band, the second passband is used for the Beidou B1 frequency band, the third passband is used for the 4G and WLAN frequency bands, and the fourth and fifth passband are used for the 5G frequency band; the microstrip antenna has the axial ratio of less than 3dB at the positions of 1.20GHz-1.22GHz and 1.55GHz-1.57GHz, has circular polarization characteristics, and radiates right-hand circular polarized waves in the +z direction; the invention adopts microstrip line feed, has simple structure and low processing cost; the multiband rectangular annular gap antenna working in the Beidou, 4G, WLAN and 5G frequency bands can be widely applied to the fields of satellite navigation, mobile communication and the like.

Description

Multiband rectangular loop slot antenna

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a multiband rectangular annular gap antenna.

Background

The global satellite navigation system is a symbol of national science and technology reality and comprehensive national force, and with successful networking of the Beidou satellite navigation system, china becomes a country with the global satellite navigation system after the United states and Russia; the Beidou building breaks through the technology blockade of western countries to China, and plays an important role in national defense industry and civil field; there are four global satellite navigation systems in the world, GPS in the united states, GLONASS in russia, BDS in china, GALILEO in the european union; each satellite navigation system has corresponding navigation frequency band, and the navigation frequency band of the Beidou satellite navigation system comprises: b1:1561.098 + -2.046 MHz, B2:1207.14+ -2.046 MHz; the circularly polarized wave is not influenced by Faraday rotation effect, and has the characteristic of small loss in the propagation process, so the circularly polarized antenna is an indispensable device for satellite transmitting signals or users receiving signals; meanwhile, with the development of wireless communication technology, WLAN,4G,5G networks are widely applied in people's life; therefore, a multiband rectangular circular slot antenna which can be used for Beidou, 4G,5G and WLAN frequency bands is designed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a multiband rectangular circular slot antenna which can generate 5 passband in the range of communication frequency 1GHz-5GHz, wherein a first passband and a second passband can cover a Beidou application frequency band and have circular polarization characteristics, can be applied to a satellite communication frequency band, and a third passband is in 4G and WLAN frequency bands; the fourth frequency band and the fifth frequency band are applied to the 5G frequency band; the invention adopts a microstrip line feeding mode, has simple structure, small processing difficulty and low cost.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the multiband rectangular circular gap antenna consists of a dielectric substrate, a radiation patch and a grounding plate, wherein the antenna sequentially comprises a grounding layer, a dielectric layer and a patch layer from bottom to top; the grounding layer is used for exciting a high-frequency electromagnetic field with the microstrip patch layer and radiating outwards through gaps around the microstrip patch; the dielectric layer is used for forming a cavity resonator; the patch layer is used for manufacturing a metal thin layer with a specific shape as a radiator through a photoetching process.

Further, the patch layer comprises a rectangular feeder line and three unsealed resonant loops, wherein the rectangular feeder line is used for exciting and radiating an effective electric field, and the resonant loops are used for generating perturbation and exciting circularly polarized radiation.

Further, the thickness of the ground layer and the patch layer is 0mm-0.035mm, and the metal material may be gold, silver, copper, etc., or may be a conductive material having conductivity equivalent to that of gold, silver, copper.

Further, the dielectric layer has a size of 80mm×80mm×1.6mm, and is made of FR4 material with a dielectric constant of 4.4, and has a loss tangent of 0.02.

Further, the length of the feeding rectangle of the patch layer is 40mm, and the width of the feeding rectangle of the patch layer is 3mm; the length and the width of the three unsealed resonant rings are 53.8mm and 4mm respectively; 37.2mm,3mm;23mm,3mm.

Further, the grounding layer is a square patch with the length of 80mm and the width of 80 mm; three rectangular rings and a rectangular gap are carved on the patch for generating multiple frequency bands, wherein the length and the width of the rectangular rings from outside to inside are 55mm and 0.5mm respectively; 45.8mm,4mm;31.2mm,4mm; the length and width of the rectangular gap are 13mm and 2mm respectively.

Further, the multi-band rectangular loop slot antenna is provided with 5 passband (1.14 GHz-1.26GHz,1.50GHz-1.75GHz,2.37GHz-2.66GHz,3.17-3.85GHz,4.48-4.59 GHz), wherein the first passband and the second passband are in the Beidou frequency band, the third passband is in the 4G and WLAN frequency bands, and the fourth passband and the fifth passband are in the 5G frequency band; the antenna has circular polarization characteristics in the frequency bands of 1.20GHz-1.22GHz and 1.55GHz-1.57GHz, and has right-hand circular polarization characteristics in the frequency bands, and can be used for Beidou satellite navigation systems.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention combines the rectangular feed branch, the resonant ring and the grounding plate with the rectangular ring gap to generate the multiband antenna with two passband in the Beidou frequency band, one passband 4G and WLAN frequency band and two passband in the 5G frequency band.

2. The invention designs the size of the antenna, the size of the patch metal, the shape of the patch metal and the thickness of the medium by an equivalent circuit method based on the theory of the microstrip patch antenna, and can design the antenna working in different frequency bands by using the same circuit.

Of course, it is not necessary for any one product to practice the invention to achieve all of the advantages set forth above at the same time.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

Fig. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a multi-band rectangular loop slot antenna according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a top view of a multi-band rectangular loop gap antenna of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a simulation graph of reflection coefficient of a multi-band rectangular loop slot antenna according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an axial ratio simulation of a multi-band rectangular loop slot antenna of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized radiation pattern of the E-plane of a multiband rectangular loop slot antenna of the present invention at 1.2 GHz;

FIG. 6 is a left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized radiation pattern of an H-plane of a multi-band rectangular loop slot antenna of the present invention at 1.2 GHz;

FIG. 7 is a left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized radiation pattern of the E-plane of a multiband rectangular loop slot antenna of the present invention at 1.56 GHz;

FIG. 8 is a left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized radiation pattern of an H-plane of a multi-band rectangular loop slot antenna of the present invention at 1.56 GHz;

FIG. 9 is an antenna radiation pattern for the E-plane of a multi-band rectangular loop slot antenna of the present invention at 2.5 GHz;

FIG. 10 is an antenna radiation pattern for the H-plane of a multi-band rectangular loop slot antenna of the present invention at 2.5 GHz;

FIG. 11 is an antenna radiation pattern for the E-plane of a multi-band rectangular loop slot antenna at 3.6GHz in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 12 is an antenna radiation pattern for the H-plane of a multi-band rectangular loop slot antenna of the present invention at 3.6 GHz;

FIG. 13 is an antenna radiation pattern for the E-plane of a multi-band rectangular loop slot antenna of the present invention at 4.5 GHz;

FIG. 14 is an antenna radiation pattern for the H-plane of a multi-band rectangular loop slot antenna of the present invention at 4.5 GHz;

FIG. 15 is a diagram of a multi-band rectangular annular gap antenna processing physical radiation patch layer according to the present invention;

fig. 16 is a diagram of a multi-band rectangular annular slot antenna process physical ground plane in accordance with the present invention.

In the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:

1. a patch layer; 2. a dielectric layer; 3. a ground layer.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "middle," "outer," "inner," "lower," "surrounding," and the like are merely used for convenience in describing the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not denote or imply that the components or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.

The three-dimensional structure of the multiband rectangular annular gap antenna is shown in fig. 1, and the multiband rectangular annular gap antenna sequentially comprises a grounding layer (3), a dielectric layer (2) and a patch layer (1) from bottom to top; the patch layer comprises a rectangular feed branch and three resonant rings, wherein the rectangular feed branch feeds the antenna, and the resonant rings are used for exciting circularly polarized radiation.

Working principle: when a power supply is connected to a feeder line through an SMA adapter to feed the antenna, the dielectric layer provides a cavity resonator, equivalent LC resonance is generated between the grounding layer and the microstrip patch layer, and an effective electric field is excited and radiated; at 1.2GHz, the current is mainly distributed around the largest resonant ring of the patch layer and the largest rectangular ring groove of the grounding layer, which indicates that the largest resonant ring and rectangular groove are the main radiation units of the low frequency range of 1.14GHz-1.26 GHz; at 1.56GHz there is a large surface current distribution between the two rectangular ring grooves of larger width of the ground plane, which indicates that the inner two rectangular ring grooves are the main radiating elements of 1.50GHz-1.75 GHz; the middle resonant ring and the grounding layer below the middle resonant ring have larger surface current distribution at 2.5GHz, which indicates that the middle resonant ring is a main radiation unit of the middle-high frequency range of 2.37GHz-2.66 GHz; the current distribution on the rectangular ring at the outermost side of the grounding layer is larger at 3.6GHz, which indicates that the rectangular ring groove at the outermost side of the grounding layer is a main radiation unit of 3.17GHz-3.85GHz of a high-frequency band.

As shown in FIG. 3, the electric field generated by the excitation forms five effective passband, which are respectively 1.14GHz-1.26GHz,1.50GHz-1.75GHz,2.37GHz-2.66GHz,3.17-3.85GHz and 4.48-4.59GHz; the first passband is in the big dipper B2 frequency band, the second passband is in the big dipper B1 frequency band, the third passband is in the 4G and WLAN frequency bands, and the fourth and fifth passband is in the 5G frequency band.

As shown in FIG. 4, the axial ratio is smaller than 3dB at the positions of 1.20GHz-1.22GHz and 1.55GHz-1.57GHz, and the circularly polarized Beidou B1 can be completely covered: 1561.098 + -2.046 MHz, B2:1207.14+ -2.046 MHz band.

As shown in fig. 5, when the frequency is 1.2GHz, the E-plane of the antenna has left-hand and right-hand circular polarization patterns, and it can be seen from the patterns that the antenna radiates in the right-hand circular polarization in the +z direction at 1.2 GHz.

As shown in fig. 6, when the frequency is 1.2GHz, the antenna has an H-plane radiation pattern, and the +z direction is right-hand circularly polarized radiation.

As shown in fig. 7, when the frequency is 1.56GHz, the E-plane of the antenna has left-hand and right-hand circular polarization patterns, and it can be seen from the patterns that the antenna radiates in the right-hand circular polarization direction at 1.56GHz, +z.

As shown in fig. 8, when the frequency is 1.56GHz, the antenna has an H-plane radiation pattern, and the +z direction is right-hand circularly polarized radiation.

As shown in fig. 9, the E-plane pattern of the antenna is shown when the frequency is 2.5 GHz.

As shown in fig. 10, the H-plane pattern of the antenna is at a frequency of 2.5 GHz.

As shown in fig. 11, the E-plane pattern of the antenna is shown at a frequency of 3.6 GHz.

As shown in fig. 12, the H-plane pattern of the antenna is shown at a frequency of 3.6 GHz.

As shown in fig. 13, the E-plane pattern of the antenna is shown at a frequency of 4.5 GHz.

As shown in fig. 14, the H-plane pattern of the antenna is shown at a frequency of 4.5 GHz.

From the simulation result analysis:

1. under the reflection coefficient of-10 dB, five passband frequency bands of 1.14GHz-1.26GHz,1.50GHz-1.75GHz,2.37GHz-2.66GHz,3.17-3.85GHz and 4.48-4.59GHz are generated, and the low-frequency passband of the antenna is 1.20GHz-1.22GHz and completely covers the Beidou B1 frequency band (1561+/-2.046 MHz) and the B2 frequency band (1207+/-2.046 MHz); the middle-low frequency passband of the antenna is 2.37GHz-2.66GHz, which can be used for 4G frequency bands of three operators of China Mobile, UNICOM and telecom, and can be used for 2.4GHz frequency bands of WLAN; the high frequency band 3.17-3.85GHz of the antenna can completely cover the N78 frequency band (3.3-3.8 GHz) in 5G; the fifth frequency band, 4.48-4.59GHz, may be used for the N79 frequency band in 5G.

2. When the frequency is 1.2GHz and 1.56GHz, the axial ratio is smaller than 3dB, the antenna radiates circularly polarized waves, and the antenna radiates in right-hand circular polarization in the electromagnetic wave propagation direction, namely +z.

In the description of the present specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "example," "specific example," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended only to assist in the explanation of the invention. The preferred embodiments are not exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and the full scope and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a multiband rectangle girth gap antenna, can be used to big dipper, 4G,5G and WLAN frequency channel, this antenna comprises dielectric substrate, radiation paster, ground plate, its characterized in that: the antenna sequentially comprises a grounding layer (3), a dielectric layer (2) and a patch layer (1) from bottom to top; wherein the ground layer (3) is used to create a plurality of frequency bands by etching three rectangular annular gaps thereon; the dielectric layer (2) is used for forming a cavity resonator; the patch layer (1) is fed by a rectangular feeder line, perturbation is generated by means of unsealed resonant rings, circular polarized radiation is excited, the patch layer (1) comprises the rectangular feeder line and three unsealed resonant rings, the rectangular feeder line is used for exciting and radiating an effective electric field, and the resonant rings are used for generating perturbation and exciting the circular polarized radiation.

2. A multi-band rectangular loop slot antenna as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the thickness of the grounding layer (3) and the patch layer (1) is 0-0.035mm, and the metal material is gold, silver, copper or conductive material with conductivity equivalent to that of gold, silver and copper.

3. A multi-band rectangular loop slot antenna as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the grounding layer (3) is a rectangular patch with the length of 80mm and the width of 80 mm; etching three rectangular ring gaps and one rectangular gap on the upper surface; the length of the rectangular gap is 13mm, and the width is 2mm; the length and width of the three rectangular ring gaps from outside to inside are 55mm and 0.5mm respectively; 45.8mm,4mm;31.2mm,4mm.

4. A multi-band rectangular loop slot antenna as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the dielectric layer (2) has the dimensions of 80mm multiplied by 1.6mm, and is made of FR4 material with the dielectric constant of 4.4, and the loss tangent value is 0.02.

5. A multi-band rectangular loop slot antenna as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the length of the rectangular feeder line of the patch layer (1) is 40mm, the width of the rectangular feeder line is 3mm, and the lengths and the widths of the three unsealed resonant rings are 53.8mm and 4mm respectively; 37.2mm,3mm;23mm,3mm.

6. A multi-band rectangular loop slot antenna as claimed in claim 1 wherein: five passband (1.14 GHz-1.26GHz,1.50GHz-1.75GHz,2.37GHz-2.66GHz,3.17-3.85GHz,4.48-4.59 GHz) are provided, wherein the first passband and the second passband are in the Beidou frequency band, the third passband is in the 4G and WLAN frequency bands, and the fourth and fifth passband are in the 5G frequency band; and the antenna has an axial ratio of less than 3dB in 1.20GHz-1.22GHz and 1.55GHz-1.57GHz, circular polarization characteristics and right-hand circular polarization characteristics in the two frequency bands, and is used for a Beidou satellite navigation system.