CN115270068A - Method for quickly estimating atmospheric moisture delay of offshore inclined path based on buoy platform - Google Patents

Method for quickly estimating atmospheric moisture delay of offshore inclined path based on buoy platform Download PDF

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CN115270068A
CN115270068A CN202211177577.0A CN202211177577A CN115270068A CN 115270068 A CN115270068 A CN 115270068A CN 202211177577 A CN202211177577 A CN 202211177577A CN 115270068 A CN115270068 A CN 115270068A
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李志乾
王波
胡桐
仇志金
邹靖
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Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation Shandong Academy of Sciences
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for quickly estimating atmospheric moisture delay of an offshore inclined path based on a buoy platform, which belongs to the field of offshore atmospheric detection and comprises the following steps: measuring the ground air pressure by using an air pressure sensor configured by a microwave radiometer, and calculating according to a pressure-height formula to obtain an air pressure profile; calculating the observation zenith angle of the microwave radiometer by using the attitude angle of the buoy platform; calculating simulated brightness temperature by utilizing the atmospheric temperature profile, the water vapor density profile, the air pressure profile and the zenith angle, constructing an objective function, and solving the atmospheric temperature profile and the water vapor density profile when the objective function reaches the minimum value by utilizing a simulated annealing method; and calculating the atmospheric moisture delay of the offshore inclined path. The estimation method does not need a large number of historical data training samples and accurately obtained atmospheric parameter profiles in advance, can quickly estimate the path wet delay by using the multichannel microwave radiometer to observe the bright temperature, solves the problem that the atmospheric wet delay cannot be obtained in real time on the sea, and enriches weather numerical simulation data driving sources.

Description

Method for quickly estimating atmospheric moisture delay of offshore inclined path based on buoy platform
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of offshore atmospheric sounding, in particular to an offshore inclined path atmospheric moisture delay rapid estimation method based on a buoy platform.
Background
The moisture in the atmosphere plays a key role in radio wave propagation and refraction correction, the moisture delay caused by the moisture can enable the atmosphere to generate a refraction effect, and the moisture can generate important influences on radio communication, space vehicle measurement and control, sea radio wave beyond visual range propagation and radar electromagnetic blind area detection, satellite remote sensing atmospheric radiation correction, global satellite navigation and the like, and is a main part of atmospheric refraction error correction residual error.
Because of severe offshore weather and complex and variable environment, mature offshore atmospheric water vapor profile detection equipment and technical means do not exist in China at present, and particularly in hot spot sensitive sea areas such as the south China sea and the east China sea, china is in a passive situation of actually measured data vacuum of the water vapor profile for a long time, so that the environment detection, perception and forecast capability, the maritime activity guarantee capability and the control capability of offshore emergencies of China in wide sea areas are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an offshore inclined path atmospheric moisture delay rapid estimation method based on a buoy platform.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: the method for quickly estimating the atmospheric moisture delay of the offshore inclined path based on the buoy platform comprises the following steps:
step 1, calculating to obtain an air pressure profile P (h) by utilizing air pressure measured by an air pressure meter configured by a microwave radiometer; vertical rocking angle output by utilizing buoy platform attitude sensor
Figure 401562DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Roll angle
Figure 725227DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Calculating the observation zenith angle of the microwave radiometer
Figure 36123DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
；
Step 2, utilizing the air pressure profile P (h) and zenith angle obtained in the step 1
Figure 601971DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Atmospheric temperature profile T (h), water vapor density profile
Figure 150764DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Calculating and simulating brightness temperature T B Constructing an objective function
Figure 504385DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Wherein T is B In order to simulate the brightness temperature of the lamp,
Figure 443522DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
the observed brightness temperature of the corresponding frequency channel of the microwave radiometer is measured;
step 3, solving the objective function by applying a simulated annealing method
Figure 173581DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Atmospheric temperature profile T (h) and water vapor density profile at minimum
Figure 576880DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
；
Step 4, based on T (h) obtained in step 3,
Figure 976769DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Calculating the atmospheric moisture delay of the offshore inclined path according to the following formula
Figure 527836DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
：
Figure 671372DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure 929178DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
t (h) is an atmospheric temperature profile,
Figure 155760DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
is the water vapor density profile.
In the above method for quickly estimating atmospheric moisture delay of an offshore inclined path based on a buoy platform, the calculation formula of the pressure profile in step 1 is as follows:
Figure 302445DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
wherein H is the height from sea level, P a To correspond to the pressure of the air, P 0 Is the surface barometric pressure measured by a barometric pressure sensor configured with a microwave radiometer.
In the above method for quickly estimating atmospheric moisture delay of offshore inclined path based on buoy platform, in step 1, the microwave radiometer observes zenith angle
Figure 311990DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure 486619DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
in the formula
Figure 493889DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Is the longitudinal rocking angle output by the buoy platform attitude sensor,
Figure 753969DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the roll angle is output by the buoy platform attitude sensor.
In the above method for quickly estimating atmospheric moisture delay of an offshore inclined path based on a buoy platform, the specific step of simulating an annealing method in step 3 includes:
step 3.1, setting variable atmospheric temperature profile T (h) and water vapor density profile
Figure 567205DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Is approximately the boundary range U, i.e.
Figure 737286DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
；
Step 3.2, order
Figure 40091DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
Denotes the initial temperature at which annealing begins, and an initial solution is randomly generated in U
Figure 725151DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
And calculating the corresponding objective function value
Figure 14181DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
；
Step 3.3, let the end temperature
Figure 163402DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Wherein k is between 0 and 1, and k is the temperature decrease rate;
step 3.4: for time t solution
Figure 840371DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
Applying random disturbance to carry out N iterations, and generating a solution at the moment of t +1 in the neighborhood of the iteration
Figure 183366DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
And calculating the corresponding objective function value
Figure 400720DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
Calculating
Figure 279815DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
；
Step 3.5: if it is
Figure 127685DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
Receiving the solution at the moment t +1 as the current solution; if it is
Figure 849653DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Judging whether to accept the solution at the moment t +1 according to a Metropolis acceptance criterion;
step 3.6: repeating the steps 3.4 and 3.5 at the temperature T until a set iteration number N is reached;
step 3.7: judging whether the temperature T reaches the termination temperature
Figure 480486DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
If the termination temperature is reached
Figure 276404DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
The algorithm is terminated and T (h) and
Figure 91913DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
if the end temperature is not reached
Figure 176544DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
Then the temperature is slowly lowered and steps 3.2-3.7 are repeated until the termination temperature is reached.
In the above method for quickly estimating atmospheric moisture delay of an offshore inclined path based on a buoy platform, the Metropolis acceptance criterion in step 3.5 is specifically: in the interval [0,1]Generating a uniformly distributed random number
Figure 735701DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
If, if
Figure 651704DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
Then accept the solution at time t +1, if
Figure 752296DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
The solution at time t +1 is not accepted.
In the above method for quickly estimating the atmospheric moisture delay of the offshore inclined path based on the buoy platform, the brightness temperature T is simulated in the step 2 B The calculation process of (2) is as follows:
step 2.1, substituting the atmospheric temperature profile T (h) and the air pressure profile P (h) into the following formula to calculate the oxygen absorptionCoefficient of performance
Figure 448857DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
Figure 749388DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 457581DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
for the observation of the channel frequency, in GHz,
Figure 614893DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
t (h) is the atmospheric temperature profile, P (h) is the gas pressure profile, the oxygen absorption spectrum line width parameter
Figure 736433DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
Calculated by the following formula:
Figure 512759DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
wherein T (h) is an atmospheric temperature profile, and P (h) is an air pressure profile;
step 2.2, the atmospheric temperature profile T (h) and the water vapor density profile are processed
Figure 200092DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
Substituting into the following formula to calculate water vapor absorption coefficient
Figure 403672DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
：
Figure 746928DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 451579DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
for observing the channel frequency, unit GHz, water vapor absorption spectral line width parameter
Figure 632899DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
Calculated by the following formula:
Figure 335276DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
wherein T (h) is an atmospheric temperature profile,
Figure 962567DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
is a water vapor density profile, and P (h) is an air pressure profile;
step 2.3, calculating the sum of absorption coefficients of all components in the atmosphere according to the step 2.1 and the step 2.2
Figure 346275DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
：
Figure 742621DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
；
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure 615899DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
in order to be the water vapor absorption coefficient,
Figure 871431DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
is the oxygen absorption coefficient;
step 2.4, calculating the frequency of the observation channel according to the following formula
Figure 652305DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
Zenith angle
Figure 371999DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Simulated light temperature T in direction B ：
Figure 88283DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 955745DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
for the brightness temperature of the cosmic background radiation, 2.75K and T (h) are generally taken as the atmospheric temperature profile,
Figure 743572DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
is the sum of the absorption coefficients of the components in the atmosphere.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that a large number of historical data training samples are not needed, the atmospheric parameter profile accurately obtained in advance is also not needed, the path wet delay can be quickly estimated only by using the multi-channel microwave radiometer to observe the bright temperature, the problem that the atmospheric water vapor wet delay cannot be obtained in real time at sea is solved, a meteorological numerical simulation data driving source is enriched, and necessary auxiliary information is provided for GNSS weather.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a simulated annealing process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a gas pressure profile in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an atmospheric temperature profile in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a water vapor density profile in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the refractive index of the atmospheric air wet obtained by using the data of the sounding station according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an air pressure profile obtained by utilizing data of an air sounding station according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a water vapor density profile obtained using the data from the sounding station according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an atmospheric temperature profile obtained by using data of an air sounding station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Moisture delay caused by atmospheric moisture
Figure 488412DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Writable as atmospheric refractive index wet terms
Figure 765809DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
Integration along the measurement path:
Figure 464775DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
in the formula, T is the atmospheric temperature, e is the water vapor partial pressure, and k is a constant term; t (h) is an atmospheric temperature profile in K; e (h) is the water vapor partial pressure profile in units of hPa.
Calculating a formula according to the water vapor density:
Figure 56293DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Figure 281738DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
t (h) is the atmospheric temperature profile in K; e (h) is the water vapor partial pressure profile in units of hPa;
the water vapor partial pressure calculation formula obtained from the formula (2) is:
Figure 605404DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
the formula (1) and the formula (3) are combined to obtain:
Figure 385141DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 577088DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
t (h) is an atmospheric temperature profile,
Figure 532405DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
moisture delay is a profile of water vapor density, as can be seen from the above equation
Figure 354868DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Is to measure the atmospheric temperature profile T (h) and the water vapor density profile on the path
Figure 153060DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Is measured as a function of (c).
According to the transmission equation of atmospheric microwave radiation, the microwave radiometer has a channel frequency of
Figure 522599DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
Number of channels), zenith angle of
Figure 457057DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Observed bright temperature in direction
Figure 450420DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
，
Figure 876854DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
Figure 145024DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 74934DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
for the brightness temperature of the cosmic background radiation, 2.75K and T (h) are generally taken as the atmospheric temperature profile,
Figure 239199DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
the profile of the absorption coefficient of the path atmosphere is the sum of the absorption coefficients of the components in the atmosphere, i.e.
Figure 11983DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
The absorption capacity is related to the frequency of an observation channel, under the condition of low precision requirement, the observation channel can be considered as clear sky, and the absorption coefficient of the cloud is approximate to 0, namely
Figure 959210DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
Thereby to make
Figure 337102DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
。
Coefficient of oxygen absorption
Figure 469006DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
Calculated from the following formula:
Figure 97128DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
Figure 910363DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure 939499DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
to observe the channel frequency, in GHz,
Figure 117671DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
t (h) is an atmospheric temperature profile, P (h) is a gas pressure profile, and the width parameter of an oxygen absorption spectrum line
Figure 865047DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
Calculated by the following formula:
Figure 481973DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
wherein T (h) is an atmospheric temperature profile, and P (h) is an air pressure profile;
water vapor absorption coefficient
Figure 506561DEST_PATH_IMAGE073
Calculated from the following formula:
Figure 980268DEST_PATH_IMAGE075
Figure 152623DEST_PATH_IMAGE077
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 979765DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
for observing the channel frequency, the unit GHz, T (h) is the atmospheric temperature profile,
Figure 249072DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
the water vapor density profile and the water vapor absorption spectrum line width parameter
Figure 2002DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
Calculated by the following formula:
Figure 661654DEST_PATH_IMAGE078
；
wherein T (h) is an atmospheric temperature profile,
Figure 417120DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
is a water vapor density profile, and P (h) is an air pressure profile; .
P (h) can be given by empirical pressure-height formula using a barometric sensor configured with a microwave radiometer, the measurement of which is taken as the surface barometric pressure
Figure 416300DEST_PATH_IMAGE079
The air pressure profile is calculated according to the following formula,
Figure 231809DEST_PATH_IMAGE080
wherein H is the height from sea level, P a To correspond to the pressure of the air, P 0 Is the sea surface air pressure measured by an air pressure sensor configured with a microwave radiometer.
Vertical rocking angle output by utilizing buoy platform attitude sensor
Figure 378757DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Roll angle
Figure 813280DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Calculating the observation zenith angle of the microwave radiometer
Figure 526021DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
：
Figure 715694DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
。
The microwave radiometer observes brightness temperature from (5) - (9)
Figure 22042DEST_PATH_IMAGE082
Is also a function of the atmospheric temperature profile and the water vapor density profile, and can be expressed as:
Figure 384890DEST_PATH_IMAGE083
from (4) and (10), path wet delay
Figure 155400DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
And calculating the brightness temperature in a simulation manner
Figure 686613DEST_PATH_IMAGE084
Both are functions of the atmospheric temperature profile and the water vapor density profile, and for a calibrated microwave radiometer, the brightness temperature is calculated in an analog manner
Figure 870470DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
Approximately equal to the measured brightness temperature of the microwave radiometer
Figure 381217DEST_PATH_IMAGE086
Therefore, the microwave radiometer can observe the bright temperature to estimate the path wet delay.
The invention uses a multi-channel microwave radiometer to observe the number of channels
Figure 271812DEST_PATH_IMAGE087
Atmospheric temperature profile and water vapor density profile
Figure 865605DEST_PATH_IMAGE088
Number of layers
Figure 880965DEST_PATH_IMAGE089
In general, the number of observation channels of a multichannel microwave radiometer is much smaller than the number of layers of the atmospheric profile, i.e. the number of layers
Figure 788878DEST_PATH_IMAGE090
. According to the equation set shown in the formula (10), the number of equations is M, the number of unknowns is 2N, it is obvious that the equation set to be solved is rank deficient, which means that there can be multiple sets of feasible solutions, for this purpose, a simulated annealing algorithm is designed, the atmospheric temperature profile and the water vapor density profile are solved, and then the path wet delay is quickly estimated by using the formula (4).
The specific calculation steps are as follows:
step 1, calculating to obtain an air pressure profile P (h) by utilizing air pressure measured by an air pressure meter configured by a microwave radiometer; vertical rocking angle output by utilizing buoy platform attitude sensor
Figure 330718DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Roll angle
Figure 970778DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Calculating the observation zenith angle of the microwave radiometer
Figure 598069DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
；
In this embodiment, the single-point station air pressure measured by the barometer configured with the microwave radiometer is calculated according to the pressure-height formula, and the obtained air pressure profile is shown in fig. 2; vertical rocking angle output by utilizing buoy platform attitude sensor
Figure 778514DEST_PATH_IMAGE091
Calculating the observation zenith angle of microwave radiometer
Figure 79920DEST_PATH_IMAGE092
；
Step 2, utilizing step 1The obtained air pressure profile P (h) and zenith angle
Figure 749936DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Atmospheric temperature profile T (h), water vapor density profile
Figure 67785DEST_PATH_IMAGE093
Calculating the simulated brightness temperature T according to the formula (10) B Constructing an objective function
Figure 724025DEST_PATH_IMAGE094
Wherein T is B In order to simulate the light temperature,
Figure 506036DEST_PATH_IMAGE086
the observed brightness temperature of the corresponding frequency channel of the microwave radiometer is measured;
simulated brightness temperature T B The calculation process of (2) is as follows:
step 2.1, substituting the atmospheric temperature profile T (h) and the air pressure profile P (h) into the following formula to calculate the oxygen absorption coefficient
Figure 222320DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
Figure 27465DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 877609DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
for the observation of the channel frequency, in GHz,
Figure 123914DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
t (h) is an atmospheric temperature profile, P (h) is a gas pressure profile, and the width parameter of an oxygen absorption spectrum line
Figure 338994DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
Calculated by the following formula:
Figure 428173DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
wherein T (h) is an atmospheric temperature profile, and P (h) is an air pressure profile;
step 2.2, the atmospheric temperature profile T (h) and the water vapor density profile are obtained
Figure 196190DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
Substituting into the following formula to calculate the water vapor absorption coefficient
Figure 624897DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
：
Figure 807617DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 259458DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
for observing the channel frequency, unit GHz, water vapor absorption spectral line width parameter
Figure 451405DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
Calculated by the following formula:
Figure 734619DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
wherein T (h) is an atmospheric temperature profile,
Figure 229185DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
is a water vapor density profile, and P (h) is an air pressure profile;
step 2.3, calculating the sum of absorption coefficients of all components in the atmosphere according to the step 2.1 and the step 2.2
Figure 292956DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
：
Figure 632802DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
；
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 36101DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
in order to have a water vapor absorption coefficient,
Figure 826203DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
is the oxygen absorption coefficient;
step 2.4, the frequency of the observation channel is calculated according to the following formula
Figure 485592DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
Zenith angle
Figure 222604DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Simulated bright temperature T in direction B ：
Figure 277147DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure 113516DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
for the brightness temperature of the cosmic background radiation, 2.75K and T (h) are generally taken as the atmospheric temperature profile,
Figure 886300DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
is the sum of the absorption coefficients of the components in the atmosphere.
The simulated annealing algorithm is based on the solid annealing principle, the solid is heated to be sufficiently high and then is slowly cooled, during heating, particles in the solid become disordered along with temperature rise, the internal energy is increased, during slow cooling, the particles gradually become ordered, each temperature reaches an equilibrium state, and finally the internal energy is reduced to the minimum when the temperature reaches a ground state at normal temperature. Simulating the combined optimization problem by using solid annealing, simulating the internal energy E into a target function value f, and evolving the temperature T into a control parameter T to obtain a simulated annealing algorithm for solving the combined optimization problem: starting from the initial solution i and the initial value t of the control parameter, repeating the iteration of 'generating a new solution → calculating the target function difference → accepting or abandoning' on the current solution, gradually attenuating the value t, wherein the current solution when the algorithm is terminated is the obtained approximate optimal solution, which is a heuristic random search process based on a Monte Carlo iterative solution.
Step 3, solving the objective function by applying a simulated annealing method
Figure 161424DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Atmospheric temperature profile T (h) and water vapor density profile at minimum
Figure 945840DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
；
The specific steps of the simulated annealing method are shown in fig. 1, and include:
step 3.1, setting variable atmospheric temperature profile T (h) and water vapor density profile
Figure 343323DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
Is approximately the boundary range U, i.e.
Figure 541086DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
；
Step 3.2, order
Figure 292005DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
Denotes the initial temperature at which annealing begins, and randomly generates an initial solution in U
Figure 586720DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
And calculating the corresponding objective function value
Figure 997847DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
；
Step 3.3, let the end temperature
Figure 948486DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Wherein k is between 0 and 1, and k is the temperature decrease rate;
step 3.4: for time t solution
Figure 362150DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
Applying random disturbance to carry out N iterations, and generating a solution at the moment of t +1 in the neighborhood of the iteration
Figure 386738DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
And calculating the corresponding objective function value
Figure 594865DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
Calculating
Figure 767220DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
；
Step 3.5: if it is
Figure 859941DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
Receiving the solution at the moment of t +1 as the current solution; if it is
Figure 863669DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Judging whether to accept the solution at the moment t +1 according to a Metropolis acceptance criterion;
step 3.6: repeating the steps 3.4 and 3.5 at the temperature T until a set iteration number N is reached;
step 3.7: judging whether the temperature T reaches the termination temperature
Figure 383644DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
If the end temperature is reached
Figure 43295DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
The algorithm is terminated and T (h) sum is output
Figure 64341DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
If the end temperature is not reached
Figure 296477DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
Then the temperature is slowly lowered and steps 3.2-3.7 are repeated until the termination temperature is reached.
In this embodiment, a simulated annealing algorithm is used to perform parameter optimization, and the final optimization result of the obtained atmospheric temperature profile is shown in fig. 3, and the final optimization result of the water vapor density profile is shown in fig. 4.
Step 4, based on T (h) obtained in step 3,
Figure 315248DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Calculating the atmospheric moisture delay of the offshore inclined path according to the following formula
Figure 258933DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
：
Figure 693457DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 609460DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
t (h) is an atmospheric temperature profile,
Figure 595871DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
is the water vapor density profile.
Calculating the atmospheric humidity delay of the offshore inclined path by using the atmospheric temperature profile and the water vapor density profile obtained in the step 3 according to the formula
Figure 167798DEST_PATH_IMAGE096
。
And evaluating the accuracy of the estimation value of the invention by taking the data calculation value of the sounding station as a standard. The calculation of the atmospheric wet refractive index using the sounding station data is shown in fig. 5, the air pressure profile obtained using the sounding station data is shown in fig. 6, the water vapor density profile obtained using the sounding station data is shown in fig. 7, the atmospheric temperature profile obtained using the sounding station data is shown in fig. 8, and the wet refractive index shown in fig. 5 is integrated according to formula (4) based on the air pressure profile, the water vapor density profile and the atmospheric temperature profile shown in fig. 6-8, so as to obtain the wet delay time
Figure 265067DEST_PATH_IMAGE097
The relative error between the offshore inclined path wet delay obtained by the method for quickly estimating the offshore inclined path wet delay based on the buoy platform and the offshore inclined path wet delay obtained by actual calculation
Figure 35577DEST_PATH_IMAGE098
From the perspective of relative error, the estimated value calculated by applying the method for rapidly estimating the wet delay of the offshore inclined path based on the buoy platform can better reflect the wet delay condition of the path, and can replace a true value to a certain extent.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and equivalents should also be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The method for quickly estimating the atmospheric moisture delay of the offshore inclined path based on the buoy platform is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, calculating to obtain an air pressure profile P (h) by utilizing air pressure measured by an air pressure meter configured by a microwave radiometer; vertical rocking angle output by buoy platform attitude sensor
Figure 478299DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Roll angle
Figure 633337DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Calculating the observation zenith angle of the microwave radiometer
Figure 309169DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
；
Step 2, utilizing the air pressure profile P (h) and zenith angle obtained in the step 1
Figure 157039DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Atmospheric temperature profile T (h), water vapor density profile
Figure 816691DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Calculating simulated brightness temperature T B Constructing an objective function
Figure 775419DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Wherein T is B In order to simulate the brightness temperature of the lamp,
Figure 571337DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
the observed brightness temperature of the corresponding frequency channel of the microwave radiometer is measured;
step 3, solving the objective function by applying a simulated annealing method
Figure 324529DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Atmospheric temperature profile T (h) and water vapor density profile at minimum
Figure 471477DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
；
Step 4, based on T (h) obtained in step 3,
Figure 490290DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Calculating the atmospheric moisture delay of the offshore inclined path according to the following formula
Figure 406293DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
：
Figure 330387DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 433472DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
t (h) is an atmospheric temperature profile,
Figure 734004DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
is a water vapor density profile.
2. The method for rapidly estimating the atmospheric moisture delay of the offshore inclined path based on the buoy platform as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculation formula of the air pressure profile in the step 1 is as follows:
Figure 504513DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
wherein H is the height from sea level, P a To correspond to the pressure of the air, P 0 Is the surface barometric pressure measured by a barometric pressure sensor configured with a microwave radiometer.
3. The method for rapidly estimating atmospheric moisture delay of offshore inclined path based on buoy platform as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microwave radiometer observes zenith angle in step 1
Figure 865088DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure 721048DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
in the formula
Figure 559691DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Is the pitch angle output by the buoy platform attitude sensor,
Figure 184708DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the roll angle is output by the buoy platform attitude sensor.
4. The method for rapidly estimating the atmospheric moisture delay of the offshore inclined path based on the buoy platform as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific step of simulating the annealing method in the step 3 comprises:
step 3.1, setting variable atmospheric temperature profile T (h) and water vapor density profile
Figure 716183DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Is approximately the boundary range U, i.e.
Figure 557975DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
；
Step 3.2, order
Figure 934730DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Denotes the initial temperature at which annealing begins, and an initial solution is randomly generated in U
Figure 679832DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
And calculating the corresponding objective function value
Figure 382208DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
；
Step 3.3, let the end temperature
Figure 947182DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
Wherein k is between 0 and 1, and k is the temperature decrease rate;
step 3.4: for time t solution
Figure 393207DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
Applying random disturbance to carry out N iterations, and generating a t +1 moment solution in the neighborhood
Figure 727236DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
And calculating the corresponding objective function value
Figure 600514DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
Calculating
Figure 918363DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
；
Step 3.5: if it is
Figure 902500DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
Receiving the solution at the moment t +1 as the current solution; if it is
Figure 356615DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
Judging whether to accept the solution at the moment t +1 according to a Metropolis acceptance criterion;
step 3.6: repeating the steps 3.4 and 3.5 at the temperature T until a set iteration number N is reached;
step 3.7: judging whether the temperature T reaches the termination temperature
Figure 400794DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
If the termination temperature is reached
Figure 438895DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
The algorithm is terminated and T (h) sum is output
Figure 226722DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
If the end temperature is not reached
Figure 535344DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
Then the temperature is slowly lowered and steps 3.2-3.7 are repeated until the termination temperature is reached.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the Metropolis acceptance criterion in step 3.5 is specifically: in the interval [0,1]Generating a uniformly distributed random number
Figure 750425DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
If, if
Figure 42866DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
Then accept the solution at time t +1, if
Figure 368805DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
Then the solution at time t +1 is not accepted.
6. The method for rapidly estimating atmospheric moisture delay of offshore inclined path based on buoy platform according to claim 1Characterized in that the step 2 simulates the brightness temperature T B The calculation process of (2) is as follows:
step 2.1, substituting the atmospheric temperature profile T (h) and the air pressure profile P (h) into the following formula to calculate the oxygen absorption coefficient
Figure 531933DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
Figure 183494DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 432073DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
to observe the channel frequency, in GHz,
Figure 561703DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
t (h) is an atmospheric temperature profile, P (h) is a gas pressure profile, and the width parameter of an oxygen absorption spectrum line
Figure 110496DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Calculated by the following formula:
Figure 900335DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
wherein T (h) is an atmospheric temperature profile, and P (h) is an air pressure profile;
step 2.2, the atmospheric temperature profile T (h) and the water vapor density profile are obtained
Figure 901789DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
Substituting into the following formula to calculate the water vapor absorption coefficient
Figure 569531DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
：
Figure 972830DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure 700615DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
for observing the channel frequency, unit GHz, water vapor absorption spectral line width parameter
Figure 923786DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
Calculated by the following formula:
Figure 395219DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
wherein T (h) is an atmospheric temperature profile,
Figure 653025DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
is a water vapor density profile, and P (h) is an air pressure profile;
step 2.3, calculating the sum of absorption coefficients of all components in the atmosphere according to the step 2.1 and the step 2.2
Figure 551710DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
：
Figure 527757DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
；
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 537301DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
in order to be the water vapor absorption coefficient,
Figure 649614DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
is the oxygen absorption coefficient;
step 2.4, the frequency of the observation channel is calculated according to the following formula
Figure 952157DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
Day, dayVertex angle
Figure 415499DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Simulated bright temperature T in direction B ：
Figure 228734DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 195553DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
for the brightness temperature of the cosmic background radiation, 2.75K and T (h) are generally taken as the atmospheric temperature profile,
Figure 701621DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
is the sum of the absorption coefficients of the components in the atmosphere.
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