CN115266356A - Tension-bending coupling static strength testing device and testing method - Google Patents
Tension-bending coupling static strength testing device and testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115266356A CN115266356A CN202210967965.2A CN202210967965A CN115266356A CN 115266356 A CN115266356 A CN 115266356A CN 202210967965 A CN202210967965 A CN 202210967965A CN 115266356 A CN115266356 A CN 115266356A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/20—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady bending forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0023—Bending
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Abstract
A tension-bending coupling static strength testing device and a testing method relate to a strength testing device and a method. Go up the anchor clamps main part and link up the toper for holder and its intermediate position and lead to the groove, the holder top sets up the adaptor, adaptor top fixed machine end spliced pole, the toper leads to the inslot and places two wedges and press from both sides tight location to the test piece upper end, the anchor clamps symmetry presss from both sides tightly at the test piece lower extreme down, the adjacent setting of mount is in test piece side, assemble fixed the constitution by bottom plate and riser, horizontal loading mechanism includes the cylinder pressure head, force sensor and manual flexible subassembly, manual flexible subassembly slidable mounting can lock the location in the riser inboard, force sensor installs the flexible end at manual flexible subassembly, the cylinder pressure head is installed and is corresponded the setting at the force sensor tip and test piece, vertical telescopic machanism fixes and is connected with manual flexible subassembly on the riser. The device can perform uniaxial tension and three-point bending loading, can also perform stretch bending coupling loading, and has the advantages of higher precision, simple device and convenient operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a strength testing device and method, in particular to a bending coupling static strength testing device and a testing method, and belongs to the technical field of structural strength detection.
Background
In the industrial field, a plurality of important structural members are subjected to the coupling action of tensile load and bending load in the working process, and the traditional mechanical property test adopts a single tensile test method and a single bending test method, which are inconsistent with the complex load of the structural members in the actual application process, so that the test result cannot truly simulate the actual working condition. Meanwhile, aiming at the mechanical property test of complex load working conditions, the currently required test equipment has a complex structure and higher test cost.
Therefore, a testing device which skillfully combines stretching and bending tests, is simple in integral device and high in testing precision is needed to be designed, so that the mechanical property of the structural part under stretch bending coupling is detected in an auxiliary mode, and the testing device has very important significance on the mechanical property test of complex load working conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the background art, the invention provides a bending coupling static strength testing device and a testing method, which can carry out uniaxial tension and three-point bending loading and also can carry out bending coupling loading, have higher testing precision, are simple and easy in the whole device, are beneficial to cost control and are convenient to operate.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a stretch bending coupling static strength testing arrangement, includes anchor clamps, lower anchor clamps, horizontal loading mechanism, mount and vertical telescopic machanism, it is the holder and wherein the intermediate position is vertical to link up has wide toper logical groove down, the holder top sets up the adaptor and the two both sides of appearance for n shape and hinges through two round pin axles, adaptor top fixed machine end spliced pole, two wedges of symmetrical placement press from both sides tight location to the test piece upper end in the toper logical groove, the anchor clamps are the exact same and the symmetry presss from both sides tightly at the test piece lower extreme with last anchor clamps down, the mount is adjacent to be set up test piece side, and the mount is L shape by bottom plate and riser and assembles fixed the constitution, horizontal loading mechanism includes cylinder pressure head, force sensor and manual telescopic machanism, manual telescopic machanism slidable mounting be in the riser inboard can the locking location, force sensor installs the flexible end at manual telescopic machanism, the cylinder pressure head is installed and is corresponded the setting with the test piece at the force sensor tip, vertical telescopic machanism is fixed on and its upper end is connected with manual telescopic machanism.
A bending coupling static strength test method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: clamping and positioning the upper end and the lower end of a test piece through an upper clamp and a lower clamp respectively, fixedly connecting the lower clamp with a tester base, fixedly connecting the upper clamp with a top chuck of the tester, and marking the central position of the test piece;
step two: starting the testing machine to move the upper clamp upwards, performing tensile loading test on the test piece, and controlling the magnitude of tensile force according to the force and displacement of the testing machine in the real-time transmission and loading process;
step three: the tensile direction of the test piece is preserved, and as the tensile central position of the test piece in the vertical direction moves upwards, the transverse loading mechanism is controlled to move upwards through the vertical telescopic mechanism, so that the cylindrical pressure head corresponds to the central position of the test piece again, and the manual telescopic assembly and the vertical plate are locked and positioned;
step four: and (3) performing a bending loading test, controlling the movement in the horizontal direction to give a bending load to the test piece through the manual telescopic assembly, performing three-point bending loading on the test piece by combining the upper clamp and the lower clamp and utilizing the cylindrical pressure head, and controlling the bending force according to the force sensor in the real-time transmission loading process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention skillfully combines the tensile test and the bending test, adds the transverse loading mechanism with the force sensor on the conventional uniaxial tensile form, can independently carry out uniaxial tensile loading and three-point bending loading on the test piece, can also carry out stretch bending coupling loading, has higher test precision, realizes the mechanical property test of the test piece under the complicated load working condition, has simple integral device, simple installation and disassembly, is beneficial to cost control, and has convenient operation, stability and reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the bending coupling static strength testing device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the lateral loading mechanism of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an exploded view of the upper clamp of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments, and based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a bending coupling static strength testing device includes an upper clamp 1, a lower clamp 2, a transverse loading mechanism 4, a fixing frame 5, and a vertical telescopic mechanism 6.
As shown in fig. 3, the main body of the upper clamp 1 is a clamping member 1-4, and a tapered through groove with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part is vertically penetrated at the middle position of the upper clamp for installing the two wedge blocks 1-3. The top of the clamping piece 1-4 is provided with an n-shaped adapter piece 1-2, and two sides of the adapter piece and the two are hinged through two pin shafts 1-5, so that the clamping piece 1-4 can rotate around the two pin shafts 1-5 to keep the rotational freedom of the clamping piece, and the three-point bending loading of the test piece 3 after the transverse loading mechanism 4 acts is realized. The connecting column 1-1 at the top of the adapter 1-2 and the end of the fixing machine is used for mounting and connecting the testing machine. Two wedge blocks 1-3 are symmetrically arranged in the conical through groove to clamp and position the upper end of the test piece 3, and the clamping force is larger when the tensile load is larger through the matching of the two wedge blocks 1-3 and the conical through groove. Furthermore, in order to increase the clamping force of the two wedge blocks 1-3 on the test piece 3, the inner side surfaces of the two wedge blocks 1-3 are roughened, so that the test piece 3 cannot slide relatively in the loading process, the outer side surfaces of the two wedge blocks 1-3 are polished smoothly, and friction generated by relative sliding of the two wedge blocks 1-3 and the tapered through groove is reduced.
Referring to fig. 1, the lower clamp 2 is identical to the upper clamp 1 and is symmetrically clamped at the lower end of the test piece 3, and the test piece 3 can be mounted on the testing machine through the lower clamp 2 and the upper clamp 1. The fixing frame 5 is adjacently arranged on the side of the test piece 3 and used for carrying and installing the transverse loading mechanism 4, the fixing frame 5 is fixed on a testing machine in the testing process, the fixing frame is formed by assembling and fixing a bottom plate 5-1 and a vertical plate 5-3 in an L shape, and inclined support rods 5-2 can be respectively fixed on two sides of the connecting position of the bottom plate 5-1 and the vertical plate 5-3 for enhancing the structural stability.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the transverse loading mechanism 4 includes a cylindrical pressure head 4-1, a force sensor 4-2, and a manual telescopic assembly. The manual telescopic assembly is slidably mounted on the inner side of the vertical plate 5-3 and can be locked and positioned, the force sensor 4-2 is mounted at the telescopic end of the manual telescopic assembly, the cylindrical pressure head 4-1 is mounted at the end part of the force sensor 4-2 and corresponds to the test piece 3, the vertical telescopic mechanism 6 is fixed on the vertical plate 5-3, and the upper end of the vertical telescopic mechanism is connected with the manual telescopic assembly.
As shown in fig. 2, the manual telescopic assembly specifically comprises a sleeve shell 4-3, a screw rod 4-4 and a hand-operated wheel 4-5, wherein a connecting end of the sleeve shell 4-3 is extended outwards to form an installation wing plate, four corners of the connecting end are provided with through holes and four fastening bolts, two vertical sliding grooves are arranged on two sides of the vertical plate 5-3 in parallel, the sleeve shell 4-3 is in sliding connection with the two vertical sliding grooves through the four fastening bolts to realize locking and positioning, the hand-operated wheel 4-5 is provided with a central shaft which is in rotating and inserting connection with the sleeve shell 4-3 along the radial direction, the screw rod 4-4 axially penetrates through the sleeve shell 4-3 and is arranged in a staggered manner with the central shaft, a long strip hole allowing the screw rod 4-4 to move is vertically arranged at a position corresponding to the vertical plate 5-3, the central shaft is fixed with a driving bevel gear, a driven bevel gear is rotatably installed on the screw rod 4-4 and meshed with the driving bevel gear, threads are arranged in a threaded connection with the screw rod 4-4, a guide groove is arranged on the side wall of the screw rod 4-4, a guide groove is axially arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve shell 4-3, and a guide protrusion is matched with the guide groove, and the screw rod 4-4 is limited in the axial direction of the screw rod 4-4. Furthermore, in order to ensure the control precision, a driving bevel gear on the hand-operated wheel 4-5 and a driven bevel gear on the screw lever 4-4 are in reduction ratio transmission. In addition, the force sensor 4-2 is detachably connected with the end part of the screw rod 4-4, the end part of the screw rod 4-4 is provided with a connecting lug, a rectangular joint is fixed at the connecting end of the force sensor 4-2, a connecting hole is formed in the rectangular joint and is connected with the connecting lug through plug pins in an inserting mode, the force sensor 4-2 and the screw rod 4-4 do not swing due to the arrangement of the rectangular joint, and meanwhile the force sensor 4-2 is convenient to detach and replace.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned manual telescopic assembly is only a preferred structure in this embodiment, and other conventional structures capable of manually controlling the telescopic action may be simply replaced and fall into the protection scope of the present application.
As shown in a combined drawing 2, the end parts of a cylindrical pressure head 4-1 and a force sensor 4-2 are connected through two tension springs 4-6, the end part of the force sensor 4-2 is fixedly provided with a connecting block, the cylindrical pressure head 4-1 is attached to the connecting block, and the two ends of the cylindrical pressure head 4-1 are connected and positioned with the adjacent positions of the two sides of the connecting block through the two tension springs 4-6, so that the cylindrical pressure head 4-1 can be conveniently rotated in situ, the line contact position of a test piece 3 can be adjusted, and the influence of the abrasion of the original line contact position on the test after long-time use is avoided.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a method for testing the bending coupling static strength includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the upper end and the lower end of a test piece 3 are clamped and positioned through an upper clamp 1 and a lower clamp 2 respectively, the lower clamp 2 is fixedly connected with a tester base, the upper clamp 1 is fixedly connected with a top chuck of a tester, and the central position of the test piece 3 is marked;
step two: starting a testing machine to move the upper clamp 1 upwards, performing tensile loading test on the test piece 3, and controlling the magnitude of tensile force according to the force and displacement of the testing machine in the real-time transmission and loading process;
step three: the test piece 3 is subjected to load preservation in the stretching direction, the stretching center position of the test piece 3 in the vertical direction moves upwards, the transverse loading mechanism 4 is controlled to move upwards through the vertical stretching mechanism 6, the cylindrical pressure head 4-1 corresponds to the center position of the test piece 3 again, and the manual stretching assembly and the vertical plate 5-3 are locked and positioned;
step four: and (3) performing a bending loading test, controlling the horizontal movement to give a bending load to the test piece 3 through the manual telescopic assembly, performing three-point bending loading on the test piece 3 by using the cylindrical pressure head 4-1 in combination with the upper clamp 1 and the lower clamp 2, and controlling the bending force according to the force transmitted by the force sensor 4-2 in the real-time loading process.
In combination with the installation form of the tension spring 4-6 of the cylindrical pressure head 4-1, in order to ensure the precision after long-time use, the cylindrical pressure head 4-1 can be rotated in situ to adjust the linear contact position with the test piece 3, so that the influence of abrasion on the precision of the bending loading test is avoided.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a stretch bending coupling static strength testing arrangement which characterized in that: including last anchor clamps (1), lower anchor clamps (2), horizontal loading mechanism (4), mount (5) and vertical telescopic machanism (6), it is articulated through two round pin axles (1-5) for holder (1-4) and its intermediate position is vertical to be link up to have wide lower narrow toper through groove to go up anchor clamps (1-4) main part, holder (1-4) top sets up adaptor (1-2) that the appearance is n shape and both sides are passed through, adaptor (1-2) top fixed machine end spliced pole (1-1), toper leads to inslot symmetry places two wedge pieces (1-3) and presss from both sides tight location to test piece (3) upper end, anchor clamps (2) are the exact same and the symmetry presss from both sides tightly at test piece (3) lower extreme with last anchor clamps (1) down, mount (5) are adjacent the setting is in test piece (3) side, and mount (5) are L shape by bottom plate (5-1) and riser (5-3) and are fixed the constitution of L, horizontal loading mechanism (4) includes pressure head (4-1), cylinder force sensor (4-2) and manual slip force sensor assembly (4) and install at the inboard telescopic machanism (4-4) slip sensor (4) the pressure head (4-1) is flexible end is movable manual slip sensor (2) and the slip is installed the pressure head is moved to the telescopic machanism 4-4) is moved to the telescopic machanism The vertical telescopic mechanism (6) is fixed on the vertical plate (5-3) and the upper end of the vertical telescopic mechanism is connected with the manual telescopic assembly.
2. The tension-bending coupling static strength testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the manual telescopic assembly comprises a sleeve shell (4-3), a screw rod (4-4) and a hand-operated wheel (4-5), wherein the connecting end of the sleeve shell (4-3) is externally expanded to form an installation wing plate, four corners of the connecting end of the sleeve shell are provided with through holes, four fastening bolts are installed on the through holes, two vertical sliding grooves are arranged on two sides of the vertical plate (5-3) in parallel, the sleeve shell (4-3) is in sliding connection with the two vertical sliding grooves through the four fastening bolts to achieve locking and positioning, the hand-operated wheel (4-5) is provided with a central shaft which is in rotating and inserting connection with the sleeve shell (4-3) along the radial direction, the screw rod (4-4) axially penetrates through the sleeve shell (4-3) and is in dislocation arrangement with the central shaft, a long strip hole allowing the screw rod (4-4) to displace is vertically arranged at the corresponding position of the vertical plate (5-3), a driving bevel gear is fixed on the central shaft, the screw rod (4-4) is rotatably installed with a driven bevel gear in meshing arrangement, threads of the screw rod are in connection with the screw rod (4-4), the screw rod (4-4) along the axial direction, a guide groove is arranged on the inner wall of the guide groove, and the guide groove is arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve shell (4-3).
3. The bending coupling static strength testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the driving bevel gear on the hand-operated wheel (4-5) and the driven bevel gear on the screw lever (4-4) are in reduction ratio transmission.
4. The tension-bending coupling static strength testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the force sensor (4-2) is detachably connected with the end part of the screw rod (4-4), the end part of the screw rod (4-4) is provided with a connecting lug, the connecting end of the force sensor (4-2) is fixedly provided with a rectangular joint, and the rectangular joint is provided with a connecting hole which is connected with the connecting lug through a plug pin in an inserting manner.
5. A bending coupling static strength testing device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: the cylinder pressure head (4-1) is connected with the end part of the force sensor (4-2) through two tension springs (4-6), the end part of the force sensor (4-2) is fixedly provided with a connecting block, the cylinder pressure head (4-1) is attached to the connecting block, and the two ends of the cylinder pressure head (4-1) are connected and positioned with the adjacent positions on the two sides of the connecting block through the two tension springs (4-6).
6. The tension-bending coupling static strength testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner sides of the two wedge blocks (1-3) are subjected to roughening treatment, and the outer sides of the two wedge blocks (1-3) are subjected to smooth polishing treatment.
7. The tension-bending coupling static strength testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: inclined supporting rods (5-2) are respectively fixed on two sides of the connecting position of the bottom plate (5-1) and the vertical plate (5-3) of the fixing frame (5).
8. A bending coupling static strength test method is characterized in that: the test device of claim 1, wherein the testing method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the upper end and the lower end of a test piece (3) are clamped and positioned through an upper clamp (1) and a lower clamp (2) respectively, the lower clamp (2) is fixedly connected with a base of a testing machine, the upper clamp (1) is fixedly connected with a chuck at the top of the testing machine, and the central position of the test piece (3) is marked;
step two: starting a testing machine to move the upper clamp (1) upwards, performing tensile loading test on the test piece (3), and controlling the magnitude of tensile force according to the force and displacement of the testing machine in the real-time transmission loading process;
step three: the tensile direction of the test piece (3) is protected, the tensile central position of the test piece (3) in the vertical direction moves upwards, the transverse loading mechanism (4) is controlled to move upwards through the vertical telescopic mechanism (6), the cylindrical pressure head (4-1) corresponds to the central position of the test piece (3) again, and the manual telescopic assembly and the vertical plate (5-3) are locked and positioned;
step four: and (3) performing a bending loading test, controlling the horizontal movement to give a bending load to the test piece (3) through the manual telescopic assembly, performing three-point bending loading on the test piece (3) by using the cylindrical pressure head (4-1) in combination with the upper clamp (1) and the lower clamp (2), and controlling the bending force according to the force transmitted by the force sensor (4-2) in the real-time loading process.
9. The assay method of claim 8, wherein: the cylindrical pressure head (4-1) is in line contact with the test piece (3) through in-situ rotation adjustment, and the accuracy of bending loading test is prevented from being influenced by abrasion.
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