CN115266331A - Method for testing fatigue strength of steel material in heat treatment - Google Patents

Method for testing fatigue strength of steel material in heat treatment Download PDF

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CN115266331A
CN115266331A CN202210769203.1A CN202210769203A CN115266331A CN 115266331 A CN115266331 A CN 115266331A CN 202210769203 A CN202210769203 A CN 202210769203A CN 115266331 A CN115266331 A CN 115266331A
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steel
heat treatment
layer
fatigue strength
carbon potential
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巨东英
王建刚
邓小虎
杨帅
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Hebei University of Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
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    • C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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    • G01N1/44—Sample treatment involving radiation, e.g. heat
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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    • G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
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    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
    • G01N2203/0003—Steady
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01N2203/0017—Tensile
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G01N2203/0073—Fatigue

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Abstract

The invention provides a method for testing the fatigue strength of steel products after heat treatment, belonging to the technical field of measurement methods. The invention provides a method for testing the heat treatment fatigue strength of steel, which comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out load control by adopting a 10Hz sine waveform, and carrying out tensile test on the carburized layer, the transition layer and the middle core layer of the steel sample after heat treatment at room temperature until the steel sample is completely broken. The invention provides a novel fatigue strength measurement characterization method, which is used for respectively measuring a carburized layer, a transition layer and a middle core layer of a steel sample, finding out the relation of the fatigue strength of the steel sample from a surface layer to a core part and more effectively characterizing the fatigue strength.

Description

Method for testing fatigue strength of steel material in heat treatment
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement methods, in particular to a method for testing the fatigue strength of steel products in heat treatment.
Background
The 20MnCrS5 serving as the alloy structural steel has high strength and toughness and good hardenability, and is widely applied to the fields of automobiles, ships and the like. After carburization quenching or quenching and tempering, the alloy is often used for manufacturing key parts such as gears, shafts, worms and the like and is in service under the conditions of high speed and high bending load. However, the fatigue strength is an important characteristic of alloy steel and is also a main form of steel structure failure, and according to statistics, 80% of engineering alloy failure is due to fatigue, and the fatigue strength cannot meet service conditions, so that the fatigue strength of the 20MnCrS5 steel is improved, and the effective measurement of the fatigue strength has important application value.
Chinese patent CN112359178A discloses a heat treatment process taking 23CrNi3MoA as a material, which comprises the following steps: (1) normalizing, air cooling and pretreating; (2) Heating to 900-930 deg.c for 4.5-5.5 hr, maintaining the temperature to reduce carbon potential for 5.5-7 hr; (3) slowly cooling for 2-2.5 h and then air cooling; (4) high-temperature tempering; (5) quenching; (6) The low-temperature tempering reduces the energy consumption in the heat treatment process to 68 percent, slows down the distribution gradient of the carbon concentration on the surface layer of the workpiece, and prolongs the service life of the product by 28 percent compared with the original product; chinese patent CN111719108A proposes a heat treatment process by taking 30CrMnTi as a material, and comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment; (2) heating to 870 ℃; (3) The initial carburizing period is 890 ℃ and the carbon potential is 0.9 percent; (4) a strong carburizing period, wherein the temperature is 910 ℃, and the carbon potential is 1.05%; (5) Diffusion carburization period, wherein the temperature is 890 ℃ and the carbon potential is 0.8 percent; (6) low-temperature tempering; (7) The process improves the strength and the bearing capacity of the shot blasting treatment on the premise of ensuring high meshing precision, and avoids early failure behavior.
In the prior art, the fatigue strength of the surface layer of a workpiece is measured more, and the fatigue strength of the inner part of the workpiece is measured less. However, inclusions, secondary phase, and other phase structures are inevitably generated in the workpiece during heat treatment, and the generation of these phase structures is an important factor for generating crack sources from the inside of the workpiece.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for testing heat treatment fatigue strength of steel. The test method can realize the detection of the carburized layer, the transition layer and the middle core layer of the steel.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for testing the heat treatment fatigue strength of steel, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) carrying out load control by adopting a 10Hz sine waveform, and carrying out tensile test on the carburized layer, the transition layer and the middle core layer of the steel sample after heat treatment at room temperature until the steel sample is completely broken.
Preferably, R = Smin/Smax =0.1 of the load control.
Preferably, the maximum stress of the tensile test is 250 to 700MPa, the minimum stress is 25 to 70MPa, the stress amplitude is 112.5 to 315MPa, the average stress is 112.5 to 315MPa, the maximum stress of the applied load is 1000 to 2800N, and the minimum stress of the applied load is 100 to 280N.
Preferably, the heat treatment is high-carbon potential carburizing and diffusing, and the high-carbon potential carburizing and diffusing process is to heat to 930 ℃ after 40min, wherein the carbon potential is 1.1%, and the heat preservation time is 120-175 min; cooling to 860 ℃ after 10-30 min, keeping the carbon potential at 0.75%, and keeping the temperature for 30min.
Preferably, the high carbon potential carburization diffusion is followed by oil cooling to room temperature.
Preferably, the oil cooling uses the rapid QUENCH oil DAPHNE MASTER QUENCH a.
Preferably, the steel sample is 20MnCrS5 steel.
The invention provides a method for testing the fatigue strength of steel products after heat treatment, which comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out load control by adopting a 10Hz sine waveform, and carrying out tensile test on the carburized layer, the transition layer and the middle core layer of the steel sample after heat treatment at room temperature until the steel sample is completely broken.
The invention provides a novel fatigue strength measurement characterization method, which is used for respectively measuring a carburized layer, a transition layer and a middle core layer of a steel sample, finding out the relation of the steel sample from the surface layer to the fatigue strength of the core part and more effectively characterizing the fatigue strength.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a standard fatigue test piece for fatigue test;
FIG. 2 is the fatigue S-N curve of steel process 2 in example 1A;
FIG. 3 is the fatigue S-N curve of steel process 4 in example 1;
FIG. 4 is the fatigue S-N curve of steel process 2 of example 1;
FIG. 5 is the fatigue S-N curve of steel process 4 of example 1;
FIG. 6 is the fatigue S-N curve of carburized layer under different conditions in example 1;
FIG. 7 is the fatigue S-N curve of the transition layer under different conditions in example 1;
FIG. 8 is a S-N curve of core fatigue for different conditions in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for testing the heat treatment fatigue strength of steel, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) carrying out load control by adopting a 10Hz sine waveform, and carrying out tensile test on the carburized layer, the transition layer and the middle core layer of the steel sample subjected to heat treatment at room temperature until the carburized layer, the transition layer and the middle core layer are completely broken.
In the present invention, R = Smin/Smax of the load control is preferably 0.1.
In the present invention, the maximum stress in the tensile test is preferably 250 to 700MPa, the minimum stress is preferably 25 to 70MPa, the stress amplitude is preferably 112.5 to 315MPa, the average stress is preferably 112.5 to 315MPa, the maximum stress under load is preferably 1000 to 2800N, and the minimum stress under load is preferably 100 to 280N.
In the present invention, the condition parameters of the tensile test are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Condition parameters for tensile testing
Figure BDA0003723295970000031
In the invention, the heat treatment is preferably high-carbon potential carburizing diffusion, and the high-carbon potential carburizing diffusion process is preferably heating to 930 ℃ for 40min, the carbon potential is 1.1%, and the heat preservation time is 120-175 min; cooling to 860 ℃ after 10-30 min, keeping the carbon potential at 0.75%, and keeping the temperature for 30min. In the specific embodiment of the invention, the high carbon potential carburizing and diffusing process is preferably carried out by heating to 930 ℃ for 40min, wherein the carbon potential is 1.1%, and the heat preservation time is 175min; cooling to 860 deg.C within 30min, maintaining carbon potential at 0.75%, and keeping the temperature for 30min or
Heating to 930 deg.C for 40min, keeping the carbon potential at 1.1%, and maintaining for 120min; cooling to 860 deg.C for 10min, maintaining carbon potential at 0.75%, and keeping the temperature for 30min.
In the present invention, it is preferable to further include oil cooling to room temperature after the high carbon potential carburization diffusion.
In the present invention, the oil cooling is preferably rapid hardening oil DAPHNE MASTER QUENCH A, preferably available from Nippon Kogyo Co.
In the present invention, the steel material sample is preferably 20MnCrS5 steel. The source of the 20MnCrS5 steel is not particularly limited in the invention, and the source known to those skilled in the art can be adopted.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the method for testing the heat treatment fatigue strength of steel provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
(1) Main equipment
Carburizing furnace, HZC2-120, beijing Huaxiang electric furnace technology, ltd
Micro Vickers hardness tester, TMVS-1, peak science and technology Co., ltd of Beijing times
Electro-hydraulic servo fatigue tester, EHF-UM, shimadzu Enterprise management (China) Co., ltd
(2) Sample preparation
A cube block with the size of 80 mm multiplied by 50mm is cut out from a steel material, and after carburizing and quenching treatment, three positions of a carburized layer, a transition layer and a middle core layer are selected according to different depths of a hardened layer to prepare a standard fatigue sample.
(3) The 20MnCrS5 steel of two manufacturers (A and B) comprises the following chemical components (mass fraction%) as shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2A Steel, B Steel compositions
C Si Mn P S Cr Fe
A steel 0.19 0.13 1.32 0.011 0.02 1.13 Balance of
B steel 0.20 0.25 1.1 0.02 0.025 1.22 Allowance of
(4) Heat treatment process
And (3) carrying out carburizing and quenching treatment on the sample by adopting a high carbon potential carburizing and diffusing method. Putting the sample into a carburizing furnace, heating to 930 ℃ for 40min, keeping the carbon potential at 1.1%, and keeping the temperature for 120-175 min; cooling to 860 deg.c within 10-30 min, maintaining the carbon potential at 0.75%, maintaining for 30min, and cooling to room temperature.
(5) Selection of quenching oil
Rapid quenching oil (DAPHNE MASTER QUENCH A) of Nippon Kyoho products
(6) And (4) carrying out hardness detection on the carburized surface layer and the middle core layer of the workpiece by using a micro Vickers hardness tester.
(7) And testing the fatigue strength of the standard fatigue test sample.
Load control was performed with a 10Hz sinusoidal waveform (R = Smin/Smax = 0.1). The specimens with the different states (original state, carburized layer, transition layer and intermediate layer) were subjected to tensile testing at room temperature until complete fracture. Experimental parameters conditions the tests for residual stress were carried out as shown in table 1.
Example 1
Step 1: using the materials of A Steel works, a sample of the blank required for the heat treatment, in the form of a cube 80X50mm, is machined.
And 2, step: (Heat treatment process 2) the sample is subjected to carburizing and quenching treatment by adopting a high carbon potential carburizing and diffusing method. Putting the sample into a carburizing furnace, heating to 930 ℃ for 40min, setting the carbon potential to be 1.1%, and diffusing for 175min; cooling to 860 deg.C within 30min, maintaining carbon potential at 0.75%, maintaining the temperature for 30min, and cooling to room temperature.
And 3, step 3: and selecting three positions of a carburized layer, a transition layer and a middle core layer for preparing a standard fatigue sample according to different depths of the hardened layer of the carburized and quenched sample. The standard sample size is shown in figure 1.
And 4, step 4: and (3) carrying out hardness test on the carburized surface layer and the middle core layer of the workpiece.
And 5: and testing the fatigue strength of the standard fatigue test sample.
Example 2
Step 1: using the materials from the A Steel works, a sample of the blank required for heat treatment, in the form of a cube 80X50mm, was machined.
And 2, step: (Heat treatment process 4) adopting a high carbon potential carburizing and diffusing method to carry out carburizing and quenching treatment on the sample. Putting the sample into a carburizing furnace, heating to 930 ℃ for 40min, setting the carbon potential to be 1.1%, and diffusing for 120min; cooling to 860 deg.C for 10min, maintaining carbon potential at 0.75%, maintaining the temperature for 30min, and cooling to room temperature.
And 3, step 3: and selecting three positions of a carburized layer, a transition layer and a middle core layer to prepare a standard fatigue sample according to different depths of the hardened layers of the carburized and quenched sample. The standard sample size is shown in figure 1.
And 4, step 4: and (5) carrying out hardness test on the carburized surface layer and the middle core layer of the workpiece.
And 5: and testing the fatigue strength of the standard fatigue test sample.
Example 3
Step 1: using the material from the B steelworks, a sample of the blank required for heat treatment, which was a cube 80x80x50mm, was machined.
Step 2: (Heat treatment process 2) adopting a high carbon potential carburizing and diffusing method to carry out carburizing and quenching treatment on the sample. The process curve is shown in the figure, the sample is put into a carburizing furnace and heated to 930 ℃ after 40min, the carbon potential is set to be 1.1%, and the diffusion time is 175min; cooling to 860 deg.C within 30min, maintaining carbon potential at 0.75%, maintaining the temperature for 30min, and cooling the oil to room temperature.
And step 3: and selecting three positions of a carburized layer, a transition layer and a middle core layer for preparing a standard fatigue sample according to different depths of the hardened layer of the carburized and quenched sample. The standard sample size is shown in figure 1.
And 4, step 4: and (5) carrying out hardness test on the carburized surface layer and the middle core layer of the workpiece.
And 5: and testing the fatigue strength of the standard fatigue test sample.
Example 4
Step 1: using the B steelworks material, a sample of the desired blank, 80X50mm cube, was machined for heat treatment.
And 2, step: (Heat treatment process 4) adopting a high carbon potential carburizing and diffusing method to carry out carburizing and quenching treatment on the sample. Putting the sample into a carburizing furnace, heating to 930 ℃ for 40min, setting the carbon potential to be 1.1%, and diffusing for 120min; cooling to 860 deg.C within 10min, maintaining carbon potential at 0.75%, maintaining the temperature for 30min, and cooling to room temperature.
And 3, step 3: and selecting three positions of a carburized layer, a transition layer and a middle core layer to prepare a standard fatigue sample according to different depths of the hardened layers of the carburized and quenched sample. The standard sample size is shown in figure 1.
And 4, step 4: and (3) carrying out hardness test on the carburized surface layer and the middle core layer of the workpiece.
And 5: and testing the fatigue strength of the standard fatigue test sample.
Comparative values of microhardness of the steel materials after heat treatment of examples 1 to 4 are shown in Table 3. From comparative analysis of microhardness values from examples 1-4, higher surface and core hardness results for steel a, process 2, compared to process 4; for B steel process 4, a higher surface hardness is produced than for process 2, but the core hardness is lower.
TABLE 3 microhardness data after heat treatment of examples 1 to 4
Figure BDA0003723295970000061
Figure BDA0003723295970000071
FIG. 2 is the fatigue S-N curve of steel process 2 in example 1; FIG. 3 is the fatigue S-N curve of steel process 4 in example 1; FIG. 4 is the fatigue S-N curve of steel process 2 in example 1; FIG. 5 is the fatigue S-N curve of steel process 4 of example 1; FIG. 6 is the fatigue S-N curve of carburized layer under different conditions in example 1; FIG. 7 is the fatigue S-N curve of the transition layer under different conditions in example 1; FIG. 8 is a S-N plot of core fatigue for different conditions in example 1. The comparative analysis of the fatigue strength of the examples 1 to 4 shows that (1) the fatigue strength of the heat-treated workpiece is obviously higher than that of the raw material; (2) In comparison at the same position, the fatigue performance of the material in the steel plant B is better than that of the material in the steel plant A; (3) The fatigue strength of the heat treatment process 2 in the same material is higher than that of the heat treatment process 4, which proves that the heat treatment process 2 is the optimal process condition; (4) In the comparison of different positions of the same workpiece in the same process, the fatigue strength of the workpiece is sequentially from high to low, namely a middle core layer, a transition layer, a carburized layer and a raw material.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention, and should be considered as within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method for testing the heat treatment fatigue strength of steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and (3) carrying out load control by adopting a 10Hz sine waveform, and carrying out tensile test on the carburized layer, the transition layer and the middle core layer of the steel sample after heat treatment at room temperature until the steel sample is completely broken.
2. The test method according to claim 1, wherein R = Smin/Smax =0.1 of the load control.
3. The test method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the maximum stress in the tensile test is 250 to 700MPa, the minimum stress is 25 to 70MPa, the stress amplitude is 112.5 to 315MPa, the average stress is 112.5 to 315MPa, the maximum stress under load is 1000 to 2800N, and the minimum stress under load is 100 to 280N.
4. The test method according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment is high carbon potential carburization diffusion, and the high carbon potential carburization diffusion is carried out by heating to 930 ℃ for 40min, wherein the carbon potential is 1.1%, and keeping the temperature for 120-175 min; cooling to 860 ℃ after 10-30 min, keeping the carbon potential at 0.75%, and keeping the temperature for 30min.
5. The test method of claim 4, further comprising oil cooling to room temperature after the high carbon potential carburization diffusion.
6. Test method according to claim 5, characterized in that the oil cooling uses the rapid hardening oil DAPHNE MASTER QUENCH A.
7. The test method according to claim 1, wherein the steel sample is 20MnCrS5 steel.
CN202210769203.1A 2022-06-30 2022-06-30 Method for testing fatigue strength of steel material in heat treatment Pending CN115266331A (en)

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