CN115260559A - Flexible mechanical sensor based on graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Flexible mechanical sensor based on graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flexible mechanical sensor based on graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fibers and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: dissolving graphene and polyvinylpyrrolidone in water, stirring, adding nickel sulfate hexahydrate and urea, stirring, reacting, and then sequentially centrifuging, washing and drying; carrying out heat treatment, cooling, continuing heat treatment, then carrying out cracking reaction, and cooling to obtain the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber; and coating the prepared graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber on a substrate, and drying to prepare the flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber material. The method takes in-situ growth as a starting point, the spiral carbon fibers are grown in situ on the surface of the graphene, the innovation of the structure can be realized, the conductivity of the material can be ensured, and the prepared flexible mechanical sensor has high sensitivity and good stability and can be applied to flexible electronic equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flexible sensors, in particular to a flexible mechanical sensor based on graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fibers and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The flexible wearable electronic equipment has huge application potential in the fields of human motion perception, personalized health monitoring, electronic skin, flexible robots and the like, wherein the flexible stress-strain sensor can be well attached to a curved surface in a proper shape due to sufficient mechanical flexibility, can generate good signal response to deformation, and is the leading direction of current research.
At present, a flexible sensor is mainly optimized on the structure or materials so as to achieve high sensitivity, a wide detection range, low response time and high stability, most researchers bring some innovative preparation methods, however, the methods cannot always optimize the structure and the materials at the same time, even if the simultaneous optimization exists, the operation process is quite complex, the used reagent also often contains a toxic reagent, and the prepared sensor cannot always show excellent performances on the sensitivity, the response time and the stability. Therefore, it is urgently needed to obtain a flexible mechanical sensor with excellent comprehensive performance by simultaneously obtaining material and structural innovation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a flexible mechanical sensor based on graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fibers and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems that the structure and the material cannot be optimized simultaneously when the flexible sensor is prepared, and the flexible mechanical sensor with excellent comprehensive performance cannot be obtained in the prior art.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: the preparation method of the flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) Dissolving graphene and polyvinylpyrrolidone in water, stirring uniformly, adding nickel sulfate hexahydrate and urea, stirring uniformly, reacting for 1.5-2.5h at 150-200 ℃, and then sequentially centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain graphene-loaded nano nickel hydroxide powder;
(2) Carrying out heat treatment on the graphene loaded nano nickel hydroxide powder obtained in the step (1), and cooling to room temperature to obtain graphene loaded nano nickel oxide;
(3) Carrying out heat treatment on the graphene loaded nano nickel oxide obtained in the step (2), then carrying out cracking reaction, and cooling to room temperature to obtain graphene in-situ grown spiral carbon fibers;
(4) And (4) coating the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber prepared in the step (3) on a substrate, and drying to prepare the flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the graphene has excellent conductivity and excellent flexibility, the resistivity is linearly changed along with the pressure, the graphene is a flexible material with excellent performance, the spiral carbon fiber is a carbon material with a novel microstructure, the shape of the carbon material is similar to that of a spring, and the carbon material has special electrical properties and excellent mechanical properties. Through on graphite alkene normal position growth spiral carbon fiber, can possess the good performance of graphite alkene and spiral carbon fiber, also can build novel electrically conductive network through the special helical structure of spiral carbon fiber, obtain the innovation in material and structure simultaneously, obtain the flexible mechanical sensor that the comprehensive properties is excellent.
According to the invention, graphene is used as a substrate for in-situ growth, ni is used as a catalyst for growing the spiral carbon fiber, niO with uniform graphene load distribution and proper particle size is carried out through a hydrothermal method and heat treatment, and then the heat treatment is continued to obtain the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber serving as a conductive material of the flexible mechanical sensor.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows:
further, in the step (1), the mass-to-volume ratio of the graphene to the polyvinylpyrrolidone to the water is 0.18-0.22g:0.18-0.22g:28-32mL.
Further, in the step (1), the molar ratio of nickel sulfate hexahydrate to urea is 1:2-3, the mass molar ratio of the graphene to the nickel sulfate hexahydrate is 0.18-0.22g:1mmol of the total amount of the reaction solution.
Further, in the step (1), the reaction is carried out under microwave conditions.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is as follows: compared with the common hydrothermal method, the method can ensure that the catalyst on the surface of the graphene after heat treatment is uniformly distributed and has proper quantity and size, so that the spiral carbon fiber with high helicity grows in situ on the surface of the graphene, and the structure, sensitivity and stability of the prepared mechanical sensor are ensured.
Further, in the step (1), drying is carried out for 3-5h at the temperature of 60-80 ℃.
Further, in the step (2), heat treatment is carried out for 100-140min at 400-600 ℃ under an argon atmosphere.
Further, the flow rate of argon gas was 40 to 60mL/min.
Further, in the step (3), heat treatment is carried out for 80-120min at 400-700 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere.
Further, the hydrogen flow rate is 30-60mL/min.
Further, in the step (3), heat treatment is performed by CVD.
Further, in the step (3), cracking is carried out for 50-70min at 450-650 ℃ under acetylene atmosphere.
Further, the flow rate of acetylene is 45-60mL/min.
Further, in the step (3), the temperature is reduced to room temperature under the argon atmosphere.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is as follows: the temperature is reduced to room temperature under the argon atmosphere, and the vacuum environment can be kept.
Further, in the step (4), the substrate is prepared by the following method: adding a silica gel elastomer curing agent and cyclohexane into PDMS, uniformly stirring, coating on a glass sheet, and drying to obtain the substrate.
Further, after drying, coating and drying were repeated to prepare a substrate.
Further, the drying conditions when preparing the substrate were: drying at 60-80 deg.C for 4-6h.
Further, in the step (4), the thickness of the substrate is 0.4-1mm.
Further, in the step (4), the coating thickness is 0.2-0.5mm.
Further, in the step (4), the drying conditions are as follows: drying at 60-80 deg.C for 4-6h.
Further, the volume ratio of the PDMS to the silicone elastomer curing agent to the cyclohexane is 1:0.1:0.5-0.8.
The invention also provides a flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber prepared by the preparation method.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method takes in-situ growth as a starting point, the spiral carbon fibers are grown in situ on the surface of the graphene, the innovation of the structure can be realized, the conductivity of the material can be ensured, and the prepared flexible mechanical sensor has high sensitivity and good stability and can be applied to flexible electronic equipment.
2. In order to prevent the graphene from agglomerating, the polyvinylpyrrolidone is added into the solution, and meanwhile, the dispersity of the graphene is obviously improved by means of microwave hydrothermal.
3. Compared with the common hydrothermal method, the method can ensure that the catalyst on the surface of the graphene after heat treatment is uniformly distributed and has proper quantity and size, so that the spiral carbon fiber with high helicity grows in situ on the surface of the graphene, and the structure, sensitivity and stability of the prepared mechanical sensor are ensured.
4. According to the invention, the excellent electrical properties of the graphene and the spiral carbon fiber and the 'spring' structure of the spiral carbon fiber are combined, the prepared flexible mechanical sensor has a spring structure on the microcosmic aspect, and the combination of the graphene and the spiral carbon fiber ensures that the flexible mechanical sensor has excellent performances in all aspects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of the graphene-supported nano nickel oxide prepared in comparative example 1, which is magnified by 5000 times;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of 20000 times magnification of the graphene-supported nano nickel oxide prepared in comparative example 1;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of the graphene-supported nano nickel oxide prepared in example 1, magnified 5000 times;
FIG. 4 is an SEM image of 20000 times magnification of the graphene-supported nano nickel oxide prepared in example 1;
FIG. 5 is an SEM image of the graphene in-situ grown carbon helical fiber prepared in example 1, magnified 5000 times;
FIG. 6 is an SEM image of graphene in-situ grown spiral carbon fiber prepared in example 1, magnified 20000 times;
FIG. 7 is a photograph of a flexible mechanical sensor prepared in example 1;
FIG. 8 is a sensitivity test chart of the flexible mechanical sensor manufactured in example 1;
FIG. 9 is a dynamic response test chart of the flexible mechanical sensor manufactured in example 1;
FIG. 10 is a test chart of the cyclic response of the flexible mechanical sensor manufactured in example 1;
FIG. 11 is a graph of I-V curves for different strain conditions for the flexible mechanical sensor made in example 1;
fig. 12 is a graph showing the hysteresis of the flexible mechanical sensor manufactured in example 1.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The manufacturers of silicone elastomer curing agents do so.
Example 1:
a flexible mechanical sensor based on a graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber material is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Dissolving 0.2g of graphene and 0.2g of polyvinylpyrrolidone in 30mL of water, fully and uniformly stirring by using a magnetic stirrer, adding 1mmol of nickel sulfate hexahydrate and 3mmol of urea, fully and uniformly stirring by using the magnetic stirrer, placing in a microwave oven, reacting for 2 hours at 180 ℃, sequentially centrifuging and washing, then placing in a vacuum drying oven, and drying for 4 hours at 70 ℃ to obtain graphene-loaded nano nickel hydroxide powder;
(2) Flatly spreading the graphene-loaded nano nickel hydroxide powder obtained in the step (1) in a quartz boat, placing the quartz boat in a tube furnace, vacuumizing, introducing argon at the rate of 50mL/min until the gas pressure reaches normal pressure, heating to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, carrying out heat treatment for 120min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain graphene-loaded nano nickel oxide;
(3) Flatly paving the graphene-loaded nano nickel oxide obtained in the step (2) in a quartz boat, placing the quartz boat in a tube furnace, vacuumizing, introducing hydrogen at the rate of 40mL/min until the gas pressure reaches normal pressure, heating to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, performing heat treatment for 100min, closing the hydrogen, keeping the air temperature at 500 ℃, introducing acetylene gas at the rate of 50mL/min, performing catalytic cracking at 500 ℃ for 60min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace in the argon atmosphere after the reaction is finished to obtain the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber;
(4) Measuring 1mL of PDMS, adding 0.1mL of silica gel elastomer curing agent and 0.8mL of cyclohexane, fully and uniformly stirring, uniformly coating the PDMS on a glass sheet, controlling the thickness to be 0.5mm, drying the PDMS at 70 ℃ for 5h, continuously measuring 1mL of PDMS, adding 0.1mL of silica gel elastomer curing agent and 0.5mL of cyclohexane, fully and uniformly stirring, uniformly coating the PDMS on the glass sheet, controlling the thickness to be 0.5mm, and drying the PDMS at 70 ℃ for 5h to obtain a substrate;
and (4) uniformly coating the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber obtained in the step (3) on a substrate, controlling the coating thickness to be 0.4mm, and applying pressure to a vacuum drying oven for drying for 5 hours at 70 ℃ to obtain the flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber material.
Example 2:
a flexible mechanical sensor based on a graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber material is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Dissolving 0.18g of graphene and 0.18g of polyvinylpyrrolidone in 28mL of water, fully and uniformly stirring by using a magnetic stirrer, adding 1mmol of nickel sulfate hexahydrate and 2mmol of urea, fully and uniformly stirring by using the magnetic stirrer, placing in a microwave oven, reacting for 2.5h at 150 ℃, sequentially centrifuging and washing, then placing in a vacuum drying oven, and drying for 5h at 60 ℃ to obtain graphene-loaded nano nickel hydroxide powder;
(2) Flatly spreading the graphene-loaded nano nickel hydroxide powder obtained in the step (1) in a quartz boat, placing the quartz boat in a tube furnace, vacuumizing, introducing argon at the rate of 40mL/min until the gas pressure reaches normal pressure, heating to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, carrying out heat treatment for 140min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain graphene-loaded nano nickel oxide;
(3) Flatly paving the graphene-loaded nano nickel oxide obtained in the step (2) in a quartz boat, placing the quartz boat in a tube furnace, vacuumizing, introducing hydrogen at the rate of 30mL/min until the gas pressure reaches normal pressure, heating to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, performing heat treatment for 120min, closing the hydrogen, keeping the temperature at 400 ℃, introducing acetylene gas at the rate of 45mL/min, performing catalytic cracking at 450 ℃ for 70min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace in the argon atmosphere after the reaction is finished to obtain graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fibers;
(4) Measuring 1mL of PDMS, adding 0.1mL of silica gel elastomer curing agent and 0.8mL of cyclohexane, stirring uniformly, coating on a glass sheet with the thickness controlled at 0.2mm, drying at 60 ℃ for 6h, continuously measuring 1mL of PDMS, adding 0.1mL of silica gel elastomer curing agent and 0.5mL of cyclohexane, stirring uniformly, coating on the glass sheet with the thickness controlled at 0.2mm, and drying at 60 ℃ for 6h to obtain a substrate;
and (4) uniformly coating the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber obtained in the step (3) on a substrate, controlling the coating thickness to be 0.2mm, and applying pressure to a vacuum drying oven for drying for 5 hours at 70 ℃ to obtain the flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber material.
Example 3:
a flexible mechanical sensor based on a graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber material is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Dissolving 0.22g of graphene and 0.22g of polyvinylpyrrolidone in 32mL of water, fully and uniformly stirring by using a magnetic stirrer, adding 1mmol of nickel sulfate hexahydrate and 2.5mmol of urea, fully and uniformly stirring by using the magnetic stirrer, placing in a microwave oven, reacting for 1.5h at 200 ℃, sequentially centrifuging and washing, then placing in a vacuum drying oven, and drying for 3h at 80 ℃ to obtain graphene-loaded nano nickel hydroxide powder;
(2) Flatly spreading the graphene-loaded nano nickel hydroxide powder obtained in the step (1) in a quartz boat, placing the quartz boat in a tube furnace, vacuumizing, introducing argon at the rate of 60mL/min until the gas pressure reaches normal pressure, heating to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, carrying out heat treatment for 100min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain graphene-loaded nano nickel oxide;
(3) Flatly paving the graphene-loaded nano nickel oxide obtained in the step (2) in a quartz boat, placing the quartz boat in a tube furnace, vacuumizing, introducing hydrogen at the rate of 60mL/min until the gas pressure reaches normal pressure, heating to 700 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, performing heat treatment for 80min, then closing the hydrogen, keeping the temperature at 700 ℃, introducing acetylene gas at the rate of 60mL/min, performing catalytic cracking at 650 ℃ for 50min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace in the argon atmosphere after the reaction is finished to obtain the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber;
(4) Measuring 1mL of PDMS, adding 0.1mL of silica gel elastomer curing agent and 0.8mL of cyclohexane, fully and uniformly stirring, uniformly coating the PDMS on a glass sheet, controlling the thickness to be 0.5mm, drying the PDMS at 80 ℃ for 4h, continuously measuring 1mL of PDMS, adding 0.1mL of silica gel elastomer curing agent and 0.5mL of cyclohexane, fully and uniformly stirring, uniformly coating the PDMS on the glass sheet, controlling the thickness to be 0.5mm, and drying the PDMS at 80 ℃ for 4h to obtain a substrate;
and (4) uniformly coating the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber obtained in the step (3) on a substrate, controlling the coating thickness to be 0.5mm, and applying pressure to a vacuum drying oven for drying for 5 hours at 70 ℃ to obtain the flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber material.
Comparative example 1:
a preparation method of graphene loaded nano nickel oxide comprises the following steps:
5mmol of urea was added in the step (1), and the remainder was the same as in the steps (1) to (2) of example 1.
Test examples
The flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber material prepared in the embodiments 1 to 3 has basically the same characteristics and performances, and the following detection is performed by taking the embodiment 1 as an example.
1. The graphene loaded nano nickel oxide prepared in the comparative example 1 is detected by a scanning electron microscope, and the result is shown in the figure 1-2. As can be seen from fig. 1-2, the graphene-supported nano nickel oxide prepared in comparative example 1 has an obvious agglomeration phenomenon, the size of nickel hydroxide is large, and the amount of nickel hydroxide supported on the surface of graphene is small.
2. The graphene loaded nano nickel oxide prepared in the step (2) of the example 1 is detected by a scanning electron microscope, and the result is shown in fig. 3-4. As can be seen from FIGS. 3 to 4, the graphene-supported nano nickel oxide prepared by the method has a flower-like appearance and a large surface area, the size of the nickel oxide is 3 to 5 μm, and the nickel oxide supported on the surface of the graphene is uniformly distributed.
3. The graphene in-situ grown spiral carbon fiber prepared in the step (3) of the example 1 is detected by a scanning electron microscope, and the result is shown in fig. 5-6. As can be seen from fig. 5 to 6, the graphene in-situ grown spiral carbon fiber prepared by the present invention is wrapped by the spiral carbon fiber, the spiral carbon fiber extends outward with the graphene surface as a substrate, and the spiral carbon fiber has a high helicity and a long length.
4. The flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber material prepared in the example 1 is photographed, and the result is shown in fig. 7. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the flexible mechanical sensor manufactured by the invention has better flexibility.
5. The flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber material prepared in the embodiment 1 is subjected to sensitivity and dynamic response tests.
1. The specific sensitivity test method comprises the following steps: the slope of the change rate of the resistance signal relative to the externally applied strain is defined as the sensitivity of the sensor, and the sensitivity of the resistance-type flexible mechanical sensor is calculated according to the following formula: s = Δ R/R0ε wherein Δ R/R0Representing the corresponding resistance change rate, wherein epsilon is the deformation amount of the film, a tensile machine is used for applying 0-50% deformation to the sensor, a KE2450 machine is used for testing to obtain R-T data, and the sensitivity is calculated according to a formula.
2. The specific test method for dynamic response comprises the following steps: applying tension by using a tension machine, collecting the resistance value of the sensor under certain tension, and calculating the resistance change rate according to the following formula: r' = (R)t-R0)/R0Wherein R' is the rate of change of resistance, R0Is an initial resistance, RtFor real-time resistance, the response performance of the sensor is analyzed, 10%,20% and 30% of deformation is applied to the sensor, R-T data are obtained by testing with a KE2450 machine, and a dynamic response curve is obtained by calculation according to a formula.
The results are shown in FIGS. 8-9. As can be seen from FIGS. 8-9, the flexible mechanical sensor prepared by the invention has excellent electrical and mechanical properties, short dynamic response time under a deformation condition and high sensitivity.
6. The flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber material prepared in the embodiment 1 is subjected to a cyclic response test, and the specific test method comprises the following steps: the cycle repeatability test is that in the same test environment, after thousands of times of strain in continuous time, the resistance response of the flexible mechanical sensor to the strain is compared with the consistency of the initial detection effect, 10% deformation is applied to the sensor, the test is carried out 1000 times, R-T data are obtained by using a KE2450 machine, the resistance change rate is obtained, and a cycle response test curve is obtained by plotting. The results are shown in FIG. 10. As can be seen from fig. 10, the sensor prepared by the present invention has excellent stability, and the sensor can well show a response to a force in the process of nearly 1000 cycles.
7. The flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber material prepared in the embodiment 1 is subjected to I-V curve tests under different strain conditions, and the specific test method comprises the following steps: force is applied to the sensor to enable the sensor to achieve 10%,20% and 30% deformation, the deformation is kept unchanged, and the KE2450 is used for testing a current-voltage curve of the sensor under different deformations. The results are shown in FIG. 11. As can be seen from fig. 11, the I-V curve of the sensor manufactured by the present invention shows linear change under different strain conditions, and the resistance value shows good ohmic characteristics.
8. The flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber material prepared in the embodiment 1 is subjected to hysteresis curve test, and the specific test method comprises the following steps: the sensor is subjected to forward output and reverse output, R-T curves of the sensor are compared, when the forward output and the reverse output cannot be completely repeated, the hysteresis phenomenon of the sensor is indicated, and the hysteresis degree can be determined by a maximum hysteresis error delta R and a maximum resistance value R in a test rangemaxExpressed as a ratio of (D/A), the maximum hysteresis was obtained by applying a deformation from 0-50% to the sensor by a tensile machine, measuring the R-T data using KE2540, then applying a deformation from 50-0% by a tensile machine, obtaining the R-T data using KE2450, and the result is shown in FIG. 12. As can be seen from fig. 12, the maximum hysteresis obtained from the test is 0.22, indicating that the sensor delay is low and the response to deformation is timely.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a flexible mechanical sensor based on graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fibers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Dissolving graphene and polyvinylpyrrolidone in water, stirring uniformly, adding nickel sulfate hexahydrate and urea, stirring uniformly, reacting for 1.5-2.5h at 150-200 ℃, and then sequentially centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain graphene-loaded nano nickel hydroxide powder;
(2) Carrying out heat treatment on the graphene loaded nano nickel hydroxide powder obtained in the step (1), and cooling to room temperature to obtain graphene loaded nano nickel oxide;
(3) Carrying out heat treatment on the graphene loaded nano nickel oxide obtained in the step (2), then carrying out cracking reaction, and cooling to room temperature to obtain graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fibers;
(4) And (4) coating the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber prepared in the step (3) on a substrate, and drying to prepare the flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ growth spiral carbon fiber material.
2. The method for preparing the flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ grown spiral carbon fiber according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the mass-to-volume ratio of the graphene to the polyvinylpyrrolidone to the water is 0.18-0.22g:0.18-0.22g:28-32mL.
3. The method for preparing the flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ grown spiral carbon fiber according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the molar ratio of nickel sulfate hexahydrate to urea is 1:2-3, the mass molar ratio of the graphene to the nickel sulfate hexahydrate is 0.18-0.22g:1mmol.
4. The method for preparing the flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ grown spiral carbon fiber according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the drying is performed at 60-80 ℃ for 3-5h.
5. The method for preparing the flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ grown spiral carbon fiber according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the heat treatment is performed at 400-600 ℃ for 100-140min under an argon atmosphere.
6. The method for preparing the flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ grown spiral carbon fiber according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the heat treatment is performed at 400-700 ℃ for 80-120min in a hydrogen atmosphere.
7. The method for preparing the flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ grown spiral carbon fiber according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the graphene in-situ grown spiral carbon fiber is cracked at 450-650 ℃ for 50-70min under an acetylene atmosphere.
8. The method for preparing the flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ grown spiral carbon fiber according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the temperature is reduced to room temperature under an argon atmosphere.
9. The method for preparing the flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ grown spiral carbon fiber according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the substrate is prepared by the following method: adding a silica gel elastomer curing agent and cyclohexane into PDMS, stirring uniformly, coating on a glass sheet, and drying to obtain the substrate.
10. The flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ grown spiral carbon fiber prepared by the preparation method of the flexible mechanical sensor based on the graphene in-situ grown spiral carbon fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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