CN115259974B - Physical sensitization method for emulsion explosive with fixed density and adjustable detonation velocity - Google Patents
Physical sensitization method for emulsion explosive with fixed density and adjustable detonation velocity Download PDFInfo
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- CN115259974B CN115259974B CN202210985390.7A CN202210985390A CN115259974B CN 115259974 B CN115259974 B CN 115259974B CN 202210985390 A CN202210985390 A CN 202210985390A CN 115259974 B CN115259974 B CN 115259974B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of application of emulsion explosives, and discloses a physical sensitization method for emulsion explosives, which is used for fixing density and adjusting detonation velocity. Firstly, screening the particle size to ensure effective hot spots in the explosive; then, determining the using density of the explosive and the adding amount of two physical sensitizers in the emulsion matrix; simultaneously, carrying out oleophylic treatment on a physical sensitizer; and then, adding a physical sensitizer into the continuous explosive cooling device on the conventional emulsion explosive production line according to the dosage, and uniformly mixing to obtain the physically sensitized emulsion explosive. The method does not change the original production line and the basic process of the emulsion explosive; safety in explosive production and storage; the physical sensitizer with oleophylic surface modification is pre-ensured to avoid bringing extra air bubbles in the mixing process of the physical sensitizer and the emulsion matrix and not influencing the stability of the density of the explosive; the detonation capability of the explosive can be predicted and pre-evaluated, the practical engineering application is more convenient, and the method can be used for explosive variety development in underwater, plateau and low-temperature environments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of application of emulsion explosives, and relates to a physical sensitization method for emulsion explosives, which is used for adjusting detonation velocity by fixing density.
Background
The emulsion explosive mainly containing ammonium nitrate is widely applied to engineering blasting operation due to good explosion performance, water resistance and safety performance, and the technology is quite mature no matter the explosive is prepared or the performance is detected. However, due to the difference of blasting operation environments, such as explosive welding rock-soil blasting or deep water blasting, the requirements for the detonation velocity of the emulsion explosive are different. Aiming at certain specific application environments, a plurality of special emulsion explosives are developed at present to meet special requirements, such as mining explosives [ Lu Guangming, lu is Cheng Guocai and the like, mining emulsion explosives, chinese patent No. CN 112920000A, 2021.06.08], explosive composite explosives [ Wujiang billow, fan Keshe, yang Xueshan and the like, low-detonation-velocity high-explosive composite explosives and a using method thereof, chinese patent No. CN 102173969A, 2011.9.7], explosive welding explosives [ Wang Xiong, zymoft, uranium, low-detonation-velocity explosives special for explosive welding, chinese patent No. CN 104072322A ] and deep-water blasting explosives [ Wang Xiaogong, CN 5365, 3279 zxft 323579 and the like, and a manufacturing method of physical sensitization deep-water blasting explosives, chinese patent No. ZL, ZL 351, 350.09125 and the like.
The detonation velocity of the emulsion explosive has a certain relation with the density, the explosive formula, the production process, the package and the like, and during industrial production, the formula, the production process and the package size of the explosive are determined during design, so the detonation velocity of the explosive generally meets different engineering requirements by adjusting the density (namely the content of the sensitizer). When chemical sensitization is used, the density of the explosive is determined at design time and is about 1.05-1.30 g/cm 3 Therefore, when the engineering environment changes and the density needs to be adjusted, the corresponding production equipment needs to be readjusted, which brings great inconvenience to the engineering production. In addition, in some special blasting environments or when the operating environment changes greatly, the microbubbles in the chemically sensitized emulsion explosive are extremely sensitive to the external environment temperature, pressure and the like, and the detonation performance of the emulsion explosive becomes extremely unstable. In order to solve the engineering requirements, other inert or reactive additives, such as energy storage energetic materials [ Ma Hong ], need to be mixed into the explosiveHao, cheng Yangfan, shen Zhaowu and the like, magnesium hydride type hydrogen storage emulsion explosive, chinese patent, CN 102432407A, 2012.05.02]High and low temperature environment emulsion explosive [ Huangping, high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof, patent of invention, CN 111333473A, 2020.06.26]And [ white town river, liu Xiaoming, liu Zhengdong, etc. ], a low-temperature sensitized emulsified ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, chinese patent, CN105272787A,2013.01.27]Pressure-resistant environment-friendly emulsion explosive [ Zhu Anjie, linchun, chen Dao and the like ], preparation method of pressure-resistant emulsion explosive, chinese patent, CN 110903152A, 2020.03.24]And so on. In the manufacturing technology of the emulsion explosive, when the types of the adopted additives are too many, the production technology is complicated, and the cost of the explosive is increased; some additives also form a new problem for the safety and environmental protection of explosives. Therefore, on the premise of not changing the chemical properties of the additives and adopting the additives as few as possible, the explosive density and the detonation velocity are effectively and simultaneously controlled, the stability of the explosive in various external environments is maintained, and the technical problem which is difficult to overcome is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a physical sensitization method of an emulsion explosive with fixed density and adjustable detonation velocity, which is characterized in that organic hollow particles with two particle sizes of hundreds of microns and tens of microns are simultaneously used in the emulsion explosive to physically sensitize an emulsion explosive matrix, and the detonation velocity is adjusted by adjusting the proportion of the particles with two sizes under the condition of fixed explosive density.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a large number of experiments and theories show that microbubbles brought into the emulsion explosive by the sensitizer form gaps to adjust the density of the explosive on one hand, and form hot spots on the other hand, so that the emulsion explosive has detonator sensitivity and the detonation capability of the explosive is improved. The jet flow generated by the asymmetric collapse of the micro-bubbles under the action of the detonation shock wave and the high pressure and shear high temperature caused by the jet flow impact maintain the normal propagation of the detonation reaction, and therefore, the essence of the density influencing the detonation propagation of the explosive is the effective hot spot concentration or the effective void number contained in the explosive. However, from established theory and experimentation, when physical bubble sensitization is employed, the "void size" formed by the sensitized particles also affects the detonation velocity of the explosive at the same density, formulation, manufacturing process and packaging. For example, experiments show that when the size of the sensitized particles is in the order of tens of microns, the detonation velocity of the emulsion explosive can reach five kilometers per second; and when the size of the sensitized particles is in the order of hundreds of microns, the detonation velocity of the explosive can be as low as two kilometers per second. Therefore, in order to realize the regulation of the detonation velocity under the fixed explosive density, the size of the sensitized bubbles must be continuously changed by carrying out chemical sensitization or physical sensitization by a single sensitizer, which is difficult to technically realize and difficult to control. Therefore, the invention provides that the organic hollow particles with two particle sizes of hundreds of microns and tens of microns are simultaneously used in the emulsion explosive to carry out physical sensitization on the emulsion explosive matrix, and the aim of regulating the detonation velocity can be conveniently realized under the condition of fixing the density of the explosive by regulating the proportion of the particles with two sizes.
Firstly, screening the particle size of the polymer hollow microsphere, and relatively concentrating the particle size in a certain narrow area to be used as an index for selecting a high-quality physical sensitizer so as to ensure an effective hot spot in the explosive; then, the explosive use density and the addition amount of the two physical sensitizers in the emulsion matrix were determined. During the production of the emulsion explosive, in order to prevent air bubbles from being brought into an emulsion matrix when a physical sensitizer is added to influence the density and detonation performance of the explosive, the physical sensitizer is subjected to oleophylic treatment; and then, adding a physical sensitizer into the continuous explosive cooling device on the conventional emulsion explosive production line according to the dosage, and uniformly mixing the mixture with the emulsion matrix to obtain the physically sensitized emulsion explosive.
A physical sensitization method of emulsion explosive with fixed density and adjustable detonation velocity comprises the following steps:
1) Physical sensitizer selection
The physical sensitizer comprises a physical sensitizer 1 and a physical sensitizer 2, the physical sensitizer 1 is a foamable polymer hollow microsphere, and the particle size is 8.5-100 um; the physical sensitizer 2 is foamed eps particles with the particle size of 300-800 um; controlling the true density rho of the expanded eps particles and the expanded particles of the expandable polymeric hollow microspheres by controlling the expansion 1 And ρ 2 Are all at 0.03g/cm 3 ～0.05g/cm 3 To (c) to (d);
2) Surface oleophylic modification of physical sensitizer
In order to ensure that no additional air bubbles are brought in during the mixing process of the physical sensitizer and the emulsion matrix to influence the density of the explosive; and no dust pollution is generated in the mixing process, other possible chemical reactions are isolated, mechanical abrasion is prevented, and the surface of the physical sensitizer is subjected to oleophylic modification in advance.
3) Production of explosives
On the existing emulsion explosive production line, mixing a conventional emulsion explosive substrate, a surface-modified physical sensitizer 1 (mass content is x) and a physical sensitizer 2 (mass content is y) according to the proportion of (1-x-y): x: and mixing the components in the mass ratio to form the emulsion explosive. The physical sensitizing agent is added at the rear part of a continuous explosive cooling device of a conventional emulsion explosive production line and is uniformly stirred and mixed with the emulsion matrix to prepare the physical sensitized emulsion explosive with fixed density.
4) Method for pre-estimating and calculating explosive detonation velocity and sensitizer content
Rho due to the density of the emulsified matrix when air bubbles brought in are not taken into account b It is known that the amount of physical sensitizer used, together with the true density, determines the theoretical density ρ of the explosive. When the theoretical density rho of the explosive is determined, given the x value, the y value and the estimated detonation velocity of the explosive can be calculated. The invention judges and pre-estimates the calculation relation between the detonation velocity D of the explosive and the content of the sensitizer according to the following formula:
D＝(3.7372x 3 -6.834y 3 )×10 6 -(9.0970x 2 -2.9287y 2 )×10 4 +654.06x-40.3y+3.6028km/s
in order to ensure that the detonation velocity D of the explosive is more than 3500m/s and reasonably control the cost of the explosive, the following materials are taken:
0.0024＜x＜0.01，0.0023＜y＜0.007，0.85g/cm 3 ＜ρ＜1.3g/cm 3
the invention has the advantages that: 1) The conventional emulsion explosive substrate is sensitized in a physical mode, the original production line and the basic process of the emulsion explosive are not changed, and the manufacturing cost of the emulsion explosive is not remarkably increased; 2) No other chemical substances are added except for the physical sensitizer, no other chemical compatibility problem exists except for aromatic hydrocarbon, and the safety of explosive production and storage can be ensured; 3) The physical sensitizer with oleophylic and modified surface in advance does not generate dust pollution in the production process, isolates other possible chemical reactions and prevents mechanical abrasion, and more importantly, the physical sensitizer and the emulsifying matrix are mixed without bringing extra air bubbles, so that the stability of the density of the explosive is not influenced; 4) By testing the true density of the physical sensitizer in advance, the theoretical density of the emulsion explosive can be predicted, the detonation capability of the explosive can be predicted and pre-evaluated, and the actual engineering application is facilitated. 5) When each batch of explosive is produced, the physical sensitizer is sieved again and tested for true density, so that the quality of the raw material of the physical sensitizer is controlled, the content and proportion of the physical sensitizer in the explosive are adjusted in time, and the production quality of the explosive is stabilized. 6) The physical sensitizer has good stability among emulsion explosive matrixes, and is convenient for prolonging the storage period; 7) The physical sensitized emulsion explosive is kept to be slightly influenced by the external environment, and can be used for variety development of explosives in underwater, plateau and low-temperature environments; 8) The density and the detonation velocity of the explosive can be adjusted in real time according to the blasting operation environment.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the specific embodiments of the present invention in combination with the technical solutions.
Selecting polymer hollow microsphere foaming particles and eps foaming particles as physical sensitizers to prepare the fixed-density emulsion explosive; the foaming time of the foamable polymer hollow microsphere is 150s, the particle size interval is 20 um-80 um through microscopic detection, and the true density rho is 1 ＝0.0433g/cm 3 (ii) a The true density rho of the eps particles is tested 2 ＝0.0307g/cm 3 The particle size interval is 300 um-500 um; density rho of emulsion explosive matrix b Taking the sample at 1.44g/cm 3 ；
Preparing an emulsion explosive with fixed density, and carrying out an open-air explosion speed test, wherein the diameter d =32mm of a test cartridge.
Example one
According to the mass concentration (1-x-y), x: y =0.9938:0.002485 and 0.003677 are mixed with an emulsion matrix to prepare the emulsion explosive, wherein the theoretical density is rho =1.15g/cm 3 And calculating the detonation velocity D =4485m/s, and calculating the detonation velocity D =4362m/s.
Example two
And (2) according to mass concentration (1-x-y), x: y =0.9935:0.003477 3 And calculating the detonation velocity D =4894m/s, wherein the measured detonation velocity D =4788m/s.
EXAMPLE III
And (3) mixing the emulsion explosive with an emulsion matrix according to mass concentration (1-x-y) that x: y =0.9932 3 The measured detonation velocity D =5077m/s, and the calculated detonation velocity D =5022m/s.
Example four
And (2) according to mass concentration (1-x-y), x: y =0.9901:0.009900:0 is mixed with an emulsion matrix to prepare the emulsion explosive, and the theoretical density is rho =1.09g/cm 3 And calculating the detonation velocity D =4630m/s, and calculating the detonation velocity D =4788m/s.
EXAMPLE five
And (2) according to mass concentration (1-x-y), x: y =0.9922:0.002480:0.005358 and an emulsion matrix are mixed to prepare the emulsion explosive, and the theoretical density is rho =1.09g/cm 3 And calculating the detonation velocity D =4296m/s, wherein the actually measured detonation velocity D =4236 m/s.
EXAMPLE six
According to mass concentration (1-x-y), x: y =0.9938:0.006211:0 is mixed with an emulsion matrix to prepare the emulsion explosive, and the theoretical density is rho =1.20g/cm 3 The measured detonation velocity D =5209m/s, and the calculated detonation velocity D =5051m/s.
EXAMPLE seven
And (2) according to mass concentration (1-x-y), x: y =0.9948:0.002487:0.002686 and an emulsion matrix are mixed to prepare the emulsion explosive, and the theoretical density is rho =1.20g/cm 3 The measured detonation velocity D =4951m/s, and the detonation velocity D =4695m/s is calculated.
By implementing the case, the detonation velocity of the explosive is adjusted by regulating and controlling the proportion of particles with two sizes in the explosive under the condition of keeping fixed density, and the detonation velocity is predicted by a calculation formula; compared with chemical sensitization, the method does not change the production process and obviously increase the cost of the explosive.
Claims (1)
1. A physical sensitization method of emulsion explosive with fixed density and adjustable detonation velocity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Physical sensitizer selection
The physical sensitizer comprises a physical sensitizer 1 and a physical sensitizer 2, the physical sensitizer 1 is a foamable polymer hollow microsphere, and the particle size is between 8.5 and 100 um; the physical sensitizer 2 is foaming eps particles, and the particle size is 300-800 um; controlling the true density rho of the expanded eps particles and the expanded particles of the expandable polymeric hollow microspheres by controlling the expansion 1 And ρ 2 Are all at 0.03g/cm 3 ～0.05g/cm 3 To (c) to (d);
2) Oleophylic modification treatment of the surface of a physical sensitizer;
3) Production of emulsion explosive
On the existing emulsion explosive production line, mixing an emulsion explosive substrate, a physical sensitizer 1 with the surface oleophylic modification and the mass content of x and a physical sensitizer 2 with the mass content of y according to the mass ratio of (1-x-y) to x: y to form an emulsion explosive; the physical sensitizing agent is added at the rear part of a continuous explosive cooling device of the existing emulsion explosive production line and is uniformly stirred and mixed with the emulsion explosive matrix to prepare the physical sensitized emulsion explosive with fixed density;
the method for estimating and calculating the detonation velocity of the explosive and the content of the physical sensitizer comprises the following steps:
when the theoretical density rho of the emulsion explosive is determined, given the value x, the value y can be calculated and the detonation velocity of the explosive can be estimated; judging and estimating the relationship between the detonation velocity D of the explosive and the content of the physical sensitizer according to the following formula:
D＝(3.7372x 3 -6.834y 3 )×10 6 -(9.0970x 2 -2.9287y 2 )×10 4 +654.06x-40.3y+3.6028km/s
wherein the content of the first and second substances,ρ b is the emulsified base density;
in order to ensure that the explosive detonation velocity D is more than 3500m/s and control the explosive cost, the following components are taken:
0.0024＜x＜0.01，0.0023＜y＜0.007，0.85g/cm 3 ＜ρ＜1.3g/cm 3 。
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