CN115259818A - Method for preparing solid waste base high-performance concrete from tailings after iron separation of multi-element solid waste - Google Patents
Method for preparing solid waste base high-performance concrete from tailings after iron separation of multi-element solid waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN115259818A CN115259818A CN202210718729.7A CN202210718729A CN115259818A CN 115259818 A CN115259818 A CN 115259818A CN 202210718729 A CN202210718729 A CN 202210718729A CN 115259818 A CN115259818 A CN 115259818A
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Links
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000004574 high-performance concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000013527 bean curd Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 116
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 104
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 87
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 39
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 39
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical group O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052652 orthoclase Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003250 coal slurry Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 82
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 40
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 33
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 25
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 18
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001653 ettringite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001341 Crude steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001157 Fourier transform infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- VVTSZOCINPYFDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Ar] Chemical compound [O].[Ar] VVTSZOCINPYFDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminate ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- WETINTNJFLGREW-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;iron;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Ca].[Fe].[Fe] WETINTNJFLGREW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009851 ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/142—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
- B09B3/25—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix
- B09B3/27—Binding by sodium silicate, e.g. cement or water glass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00017—Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing solid waste base high-performance concrete from tailings after iron separation of multi-element solid waste, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of stainless steel slag pretreatment, strong magnetic separation, carbonaceous raw material pretreatment, calcareous raw material pretreatment, silicon-aluminum raw material pretreatment, press forming, high-temperature calcination, wet beneficiation, powder 3 pretreatment, composite gypsum pretreatment, cement clinker pretreatment, powder 5 pretreatment, granite waste stone pretreatment, bagasse pretreatment, bean curd waste water pretreatment, water reducer preparation, glutinous rice mixed pulp preparation and solid waste base high-performance concrete preparation. The method effectively utilizes valuable metals in metallurgical solid waste, realizes the synergistic utilization of industrial solid waste, marine solid waste and agricultural solid waste, realizes the purposes of energy conservation and environmental protection, can also treat waste by waste, and realizes the green sustainable development of the building industry while generating higher economic value of the solid waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of concrete materials, and particularly relates to a method for preparing solid waste base high-performance concrete from tailings after multi-element solid waste iron separation.
Background
The stainless steel slag is a byproduct generated in the production of stainless steel, tailings are formed after cooling treatment after high temperature generation, and about 270kg of tailings are generated every 1t of stainless steel production. Stainless steel slag is mainly classified into Electric Furnace slag (EAF) and Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD). The EAF slag is generally black (containing iron oxide), the alkalinity is generally about 1.6, the EAF slag belongs to low-alkalinity slag, the particle size is large, the property is stable, and the EAF slag is cooled after high temperature generation to be blocky. The AOD slag has less metal content, is white, has higher alkalinity which generally reaches more than 2.0, is easy to crush after being cooled at high temperature, and has less particles. The stainless steel slag is used as industrial waste slag discharged in the ferrous metallurgy process, has partial mineral composition similar to that of cement, and can be considered as an auxiliary cementing material. Therefore, some researchers have begun to explore the use of stainless steel slag instead of or in part instead of cement for the preparation of filling materials.
The steel slag is a large amount of industrial solid waste obtained by cooling the residual steel slag, and can be divided into open-hearth steel slag, electric furnace steel slag, converter steel slag and the like according to the smelting mode, and the discharge amount of the steel slag is about 12 to 20 percent of the yield of crude steel. The annual output of steel slag in China is about 0.8 hundred million tons, the accumulated stockpiling is about 5 hundred million tons, and the comprehensive utilization rate is less than 40 percent. Most iron and steel enterprises only carry out crushing and magnetic separation to recover iron and then pile up the residual steel tailings, thereby causing serious problems of land occupation and environmental pollution. The mineral composition of the steel slag is greatly influenced by smelting process, and the main chemical component of the steel slag comprises SiO2、CaO、MgO、Fe2O3Also, a small amount of Al is required2O3、MnO2、P2O5Etc. (see fig. 1), the main mineral composition of which comprises calcium ferrite (C)2F、C4AF), calcium silicate (C)3S、C2S), calcium aluminate (C)3A、C12A7) RO phase (CaO, mgO, mnO and FeO solid solution), olivine, metallic iron, magnetite (Fe)2O4) Free calcium oxide (f-CaO), etc., it can be seen that the chemical composition and mineral composition of the steel slag are similar to those of cement. Because of C in the mineral composition of the steel slag3S、C2The existence of S enables the steel slag to react with waterReaction to produce Ca (OH)2Hydration products such as C-S-A-H gel, C-A-H crystal, and C-S-H gel. Therefore, some cement concrete enterprises grind the steel slag and apply the steel slag to cement and concrete production, but the steel slag has low activity and cannot be applied to the cement concrete to reach 10 percent of the total utilization amount. Because the application of the steel slag in concrete is influenced by the presence of f-CaO and f-MgO in the mineral components of the steel slag, the reaction speed of the steel slag and the water is slow, and the concrete is expanded due to hydration products in a hydration environment. Mineral admixture slag commonly used in the existing concrete production is generated in the iron-making process, alkaline substances are needed to be excited in hydration, hydration products of f-CaO and f-MgO can be digested in the hydration, the volume stability of concrete is ensured, the later strength of the concrete is promoted to be increased, and the service life of the concrete is prolonged.
How to effectively utilize wastes such as stainless steel slag, steel slag and the like, changing waste into valuables, greatly reducing environmental pollution, and realizing important economic benefit and social benefit, the technical problem needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing solid waste base high-performance concrete from tailings after iron selection of multi-element solid wastes, which can effectively utilize valuable metals in metallurgical solid wastes (stainless steel slag and steel slag), can realize the synergistic utilization of industrial solid wastes, marine solid wastes and agricultural solid wastes, realizes the purposes of energy conservation and environmental protection, can treat wastes with processes of wastes against one another, ensures that the solid wastes generate higher economic value, and realizes the green sustainable development of the building industry.
The invention discloses a method for preparing solid waste base high-performance concrete from tailings after multi-element solid waste iron separation, which comprises the following steps:
s1, stainless steel slag pretreatment: putting 10-20 mm particles of undisturbed stainless steel slag into a carbonization box for carbonization for 72-120 h, then putting the carbonized stainless steel slag into a drying box at 100 ℃ for blast drying to constant weight, then crushing the stainless steel slag into particles with the particle size of 1-3 mm by using a jaw crusher, and then putting the particles into a ball mill for grinding until the specific surface area is 200-300m2/kg；
S2, steel slag pretreatment: crushing the steel slag by a jaw crusherCrushing 1-3 mm particles, carbonizing in a carbonizing box for 40-56 h, drying the carbonized steel slag at 100 ℃ for 12h, and grinding in a ball mill until the specific surface area is 100-200 m2/kg；
S3, strong magnetic separation: uniformly mixing stainless steel slag and steel slag according to a ratio of 2-4 to 1, putting the mixture into a planetary mill, uniformly mixing, and putting the mixed powder into a strong magnetic separator for magnetic separation to obtain metal fine selection powder 1 and powder 1;
s4, pretreatment of a carbonaceous raw material:
(1) Coal slime pretreatment: piling up and airing the coal slime to ensure that the water content is less than 15-25%, then drying at 100 ℃, cooling in dry air, and dispersing by adopting a planetary ball mill to ensure that the specific surface area of the material reaches 250-350 m2/kg；
(2) Pretreating waste coconut shells; washing coconut shells, removing surface impurities such as sand and stone, stacking the coconut shells in the shade, drying, placing the crushed coconut shells into a 70 ℃ drying box, drying by air until the weight is constant, and crushing the coconut shells into particles with the particle size of 1-2 mm by a crusher;
(3) Uniformly mixing the pretreated coal slime and coconut shells according to the mass ratio of 1-4;
s5, pretreatment of a calcareous raw material:
(1) Pretreating the calcium silicate slag: firstly, screening the calcium silicate slag, screening out organic impurities in the calcium silicate slag, and then placing the calcium silicate slag in an electrothermal drying oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 12 hours for later use;
(2) Pretreatment of waste shells: screening waste shells, screening to remove impurities in the waste shells, cleaning the waste shells, drying in the air, placing the dried waste shells in an electrothermal drying oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 12 hours, and crushing the dried waste shells to 1-3 cm in a jaw crusher for later use;
(3) Mixing the pretreated calcium silicate slag and the waste shells according to the ratio of 1-4 to 1-3, and then placing the mixture into a muffle furnace for calcination, wherein the calcination system is as follows: heating the mixture from room temperature to 300 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, and then, keeping the temperature for 30min; then raising the temperature from 300 ℃ to 800-900 ℃, wherein the temperature raising rate is 4 ℃/min, and then preserving the heat for 60-120 min; after the calcination is finished, taking out the sample when the temperature is cooled to 100 ℃ by air blast; then cooling to the chamberPutting the warm sample into a cement ball mill, and grinding the sample to the specific surface area of 350-500 m2Per kg, obtaining a calcareous raw material for later use;
s6, pretreatment of a silicon-aluminum raw material:
(1) Pretreatment of waste wind power blades: cutting the waste wind power blade into blocks, putting the blocks into a crusher to be crushed into particles with the particle size of 1-3 mm, and drying the particles for later use;
(2) Pretreating fly ash: screening and separating organic matters in the fly ash, removing surface impurities, and then placing the fly ash into a drying oven at 70 ℃ for drying to constant weight for later use;
(3) Placing the dried waste wind power blade particles and the fly ash into a cement ball mill with the rotating speed of 48r/min according to the mass ratio of 1-4 to 1-4, and grinding the waste wind power blade particles and the fly ash to the specific surface area of 200-300m2Per kg, obtaining a silicon-aluminum raw material;
s7, press forming: placing the carbonaceous raw material in the powder 1, the carbonaceous raw material in S4, the calcareous raw material in S5 and the silicon-aluminum raw material in S6 into a planetary mill according to the mass ratio of 35-45; adding water accounting for 8-10% of the mass of the obtained dry material mixture, uniformly mixing, putting into a die, and pressing into pellets with the diameter of phi 30mm multiplied by 20mm by a hydraulic press; placing the pellets in an electric heating drying box at 100 ℃ for constant-temperature drying for 20-40 min;
s8, high-temperature calcination: and (4) putting the pellets subjected to compression molding in the step (S7) into a corundum crucible covered with a cover, and putting the corundum crucible into a muffle furnace for high-temperature calcination, wherein the calcination system is as follows: heating from room temperature to 800 deg.C at a heating rate of 0.5 deg.C/min, and maintaining for 20min; then raising the temperature from 800 ℃ to 1200-1300 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 3.5 ℃/min, and then preserving the heat for 30-120 min; after the calcination is finished, the temperature is reduced to 1000-1100 ℃, the sample is taken out, and the taken sample is quenched to room temperature by water quenching;
s9, wet beneficiation: crushing the high-temperature calcined product in the step S8 to particles of 1-3 mm by using a jaw crusher, wet-milling by using an RK/BK type three-roll four-cylinder rod mill, performing wet separation in a low-intensity magnetic field magnetic separation tube to obtain metal fine separation powder 2 and tailings modified powder, putting the dried products of the metal fine separation powder 2 and tailings modified dry powder into a cement ball mill with the rotating speed of 48r/min, and grinding to a specific tableThe area is 500-700 m2Per kg, powder 2 is obtained;
s10, pretreating powder 3:
(1) Pretreatment of vanadium tailings: screening the vanadium tailings, screening organic impurities in the vanadium tailings, and then placing the vanadium tailings in a blast drying oven to dry the vanadium tailings to constant weight;
(2) Waste stone powder pretreatment: putting the waste stone powder into a drying box at 100 ℃ for blast drying until the water content is less than 1%;
(3) Putting the dried vanadium tailings and the waste stone powder into a planetary mill according to the mass ratio of 1-4 to 1-4, uniformly mixing, and then putting into a muffle furnace for calcining, wherein the calcining system is as follows: heating from room temperature to 300 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, and then keeping the temperature for 25min; then raising the temperature from 300 ℃ to 750-900 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and then preserving the heat for 50-100 min; after calcination, taking out the sample when the temperature is reduced to room temperature by air blast cooling, then putting the powder cooled to room temperature into a ball mill, and grinding the powder to the specific surface area of 400-600 m2Per kg, to give powder 3;
s11, pretreatment of the composite gypsum: respectively scattering fluorgypsum and citric acid gypsum, then placing the fluorgypsum and the citric acid gypsum into a 50-70 ℃ blast drying oven for drying for 48-60 h, uniformly mixing the dried fluorgypsum and the citric acid gypsum according to the mass ratio of 1-42Per kg, powder 4 is obtained;
s12, cement clinker pretreatment: placing the cement clinker into a jaw crusher, crushing the cement clinker into particles with the particle size of 1-3 mm, drying the crushed cement clinker for 12 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃, and then placing the dried cement clinker into a cement ball mill with the rotating speed of 42r/min for grinding until the specific surface area is 300-400 m2/kg；
S13, pretreatment of powder 5: mixing the powder 2 obtained in the step S9, the powder 3 in the step S10, the powder 4 in the step S11 and the cement clinker in the step S12 according to the mass ratio of 60-75 percent to 10-15 percent to 5-15 percent to obtain composite cementing material powder 5;
s14, granite waste stone pretreatment: carrying out jaw crushing, shaping and screening on the granite waste stone to obtain waste stone particles with the particle sizes of more than 20mm, 5-20 mm, 0.15-4.75 mm and less than 150 mu m, wherein the granite waste stone with the particle size of 5-20 mm is used as a coarse aggregate, and the granite waste stone powder with the particle size of 0.15-4.75 mm is used as a fine aggregate;
s15, bagasse pretreatment: putting bagasse into a 50-70 ℃ forced air drying oven to dry to constant weight, and then cutting the bagasse into bagasse with the length of 1-3 mm; uniformly mixing 10% kerosene and 98% concentrated sulfuric acid in a volume ratio of 2:1 to obtain a mixed solution, adding 20-40% of sugar cane dregs at 40-65 ℃ to stir, cooling to room temperature to separate a solvent, neutralizing with 20-35% of sodium hydroxide solution, filtering, carrying out suction filtration on the filtrate, adding 80% of aminosulfonic acid-aromatic aminosulfonic acid polymer in mass ratio into the filtrate, and stirring for 30-60 min to obtain 30-50% bagasse solution;
s16, pretreatment of bean curd wastewater: refrigerating the bean curd wastewater at the temperature of 1-6 ℃, adding steel slag with the particle size of 1.18-4.75 mm into the bean curd wastewater for flocculation treatment for not less than 3h, and filtering to obtain filtrate;
s17, preparing a water reducing agent: mixing the bagasse solution after pretreatment in S15 with the bean curd wastewater filtrate in S16 according to a volume ratio of 1;
s18, preparing glutinous rice mixed slurry: cleaning and drying glutinous rice, processing the dried glutinous rice into the grain size of 0.16-0.212 mm by a grinder, uniformly mixing the glutinous rice powder in distilled water, slowly pouring the mixture into the distilled water heated to 100 ℃, uniformly stirring, decocting with slow fire for 4-4.5 h, keeping the concentration of glutinous rice pulp at 5-10% during the decoction, and then pressing the glutinous rice pulp and water by 5-15%: 85-95% of the glutinous rice mixed pulp is obtained;
s19, preparing the solid waste base high-performance concrete: respectively mixing the powder 5 in the S13, the coarse aggregate in the S14 and the fine aggregate in the S14 according to a mass ratio of 560-820 to 1150-1400; adding a water reducing agent accounting for 0.1-0.3 percent of the powder material by mass 5, uniformly stirring by a stirrer, and then adding Ca (NO) accounting for 0.1-0.3 percent of the powder material by mass 53)2The admixture is stirred for 30 to 50 seconds and finally the mixture is mixedAnd pouring, demolding and maintaining the mixed slurry to obtain the solid waste base high-performance concrete product.
Optionally, the carbonization conditions in steps S1 and S2 are: CO 22The concentration is 15-30%, the temperature is 19 +/-1 ℃, and the humidity is 84% +/-1.
Optionally, in the step S3, the magnetic separation intensity of the magnetic separator is 1-3T, and the rotating speed of the magnetic separator is 10-30 r/min.
Optionally, in the step S7, the pressure for press forming is 15 to 25MPa.
Optionally, the stainless steel slag of step S1 mainly comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: al (Al)2 O 35～10％，SiO2 16～20％，CaO 9～48％，MgO 2～8％，Fe2O3 27％～31％，MnO 1～6％，Cr2O34 to 10 percent; the main chemical composition of the steel slag in the step S2 is as follows: siO 22 10～20％，Al2O3 1～7％，Fe2O3 2～33％，MgO 3～12％，CaO 30～50％，FeO3～15％，Na2O 0.01～3％，K2O 0.01～3％，SO3 0.26％，P2O51～6％。
Optionally, the coal slime in the step S4 includes main components and contents: siO 22 35～60％，Al2O3 15～35％，Fe2O3 5～15％，FeO 0.1～4％，MgO 0.1～4％，CaO 1～10％，K2O 0.01～2％，SO30.1-4%, loss on ignition 15-25%, and heat value 2000-3000 kJ/kg; the coconut shell mainly comprises lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose, and the chemical composition and industrial analysis of the coconut shell are as follows: 40 to 60 percent of C, 5 to 8 percent of H, 30 to 45 percent of O, 0.01 to 0.20 percent of N, 13 to 20 percent of water, 0.3 to 1.8 percent of ash, 65 to 80 percent of volatile and 15 to 20 percent of fixed carbon.
Optionally, the main chemical composition of the calcium silicate slag in step S5 is: siO 22 20～35％，Al2O35～20％，Fe2O32-4%, mgO 1-3%, caO 40-50%; the main mineral phases of the waste shells are calcite and aragonite, the main chemical components and contents of the waste shellsThe amount is: caCO 3 80～90％，MgCO 3 1～8％，Ca3(PO4)2 0.01～2％，SiO2 0.01～2.5％，Al2O3+CaO+Fe2O30.01-2% and loss on ignition 1-10%; the main components and contents of the fly ash in the step S6 are as follows: siO 2233～60％，Al2O3 16～35％，Fe2O 1.5～20％，CaO 0.8～10.4％，MgO 0.7～1.9％。
Optionally, in the step S9, the wet milling is performed until-0.074 mm accounts for more than 90% -95%, and the intensity set by the low-intensity magnetic separation tube is 1600-1800 Oe.
Optionally, the main mineral phases of the vanadium tailings in the step S10 are orthoclase, quartz, pyrite, anhydrite, and the main chemical components and contents of the mineral phases are: siO 22 55％～75％；Al2O3 1％～13％；Fe2O3+FeO 3％～16％；P2O50.01％～5％；MgO 0.1％～7％；CaO 15％～25％；K2O 0.1％～1％；Na2O 0.1％～1％；TiO20.01 to 0.3 percent; mnO 0.01-0.8%; the ignition loss is 0.1 to 5 percent, and the others are 0.01 to 2.5 percent; the main mineral phases of the waste stone powder in the step S10 are calcite and quartz, and the main chemical components and the contents are as follows: siO 22 5～25％，Al2O3 3～10％，CaO 55～80％，Fe2O30.1～5％，MgO 2～6％，K2O 0.01～1％，Na20.01 to 1 percent of O and 15 to 35 percent of loss on ignition; the powder 3 prepared in the step S10 has the effective CaO content of 68-72%, the MgO content of less than 3%, the digestion temperature of 66-70 ℃, the digestion time of 10-14min and the screen residue of a 0.08 square-hole sieve of 9-13%, and meets the requirements of ASTM C5-2010 standard specification of quicklime for buildings.
Optionally, the main chemical components and contents of the fluorgypsum in the step S11 are: 35 to 40 percent of CaO and SiO20.2～6％，Al2O3 0.2～4％，MgO 0.1～1％，SO 3 35～50％，CaF 22 to 8 percent; the main chemical composition of the citric acid gypsum in the step S11The composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 32 to 40 percent of CaO and SiO2 0.1～5％，Al2O3 0.1～3％，MgO 0.1～1％，SO 3 35～55％，CaF 2 2～7％。K2O 0.01～1％，P2O5 0.01～1％。
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention utilizes stainless steel slag and steel slag to cooperatively process and extract iron, and cooperatively prepares the tailings after extracting iron, a carbonaceous raw material (coal slime + coconut shell), a calcareous raw material (calcium silicate slag + waste shell), a silicon-aluminum raw material (waste wind power blade + fly ash), vanadium tailings, fluorgypsum and citric acid gypsum into a composite gelled material.
(2) Compared with the existing concrete production, the raw materials in the invention consist of stainless steel slag, coal slime, coconut shells, calcium silicate slag, waste wind power blades, fly ash, vanadium tailings, fluorgypsum and citric acid gypsum, and the utilization rate of the waste reaches 100%. The radioactivity of the composite cementing material meets the regulation of GB6566, the indexes of 8 heavy metals of the composite cementing material are all lower than the standard limit value in GB/T14848-2017 underground water quality standard, and the composite cementing material is more green, low-carbon and environment-friendly and meets the requirement of 'double carbon' of a building material product advocated by the state.
(3) The invention is based on the idea of treating wastes with processes of wastes against one another, and enables various wastes to be utilized at high value. The iron in the high-intensity magnetic part in the stainless steel slag and the steel slag after being ground is separated by using high-intensity magnetic separation, then coal slime and coconut shells are used as reducing agents, silico-calcium slag and waste shells are used as additives, other valuable metal components in tailings are recovered by high-temperature calcination, water quenching and quenching, wet grinding and magnetic separation, and the rest waste tailings are used for preparing concrete, so that the high value-added utilization of waste resources is realized.
(4) The Fe grade in the high-intensity magnetic separation recovered metal fine selection powder can reach 65-72%, and the iron-making requirement of the steel industry is met. The Fe grade in the metal fine selection powder of the product after high-temperature calcination can reach 85-95%, and the Fe recovery rate is 90-97%.
(5) According to the invention, the waste wind power blades, the silico-calcium slag and the fly ash are added into the high-temperature calcined powder, so that Si and Al elements which are lacked in the high-temperature modification of the stainless steel slag and the dry steel slag are supplemented, and the target mineral C in the powder is effectively regulated and controlled3S、C2S、C3The generation of A, the characteristics of the high-iron components in the stainless steel slag and the steel slag powder simultaneously regulate and control the C in the powder4And (5) generation of AF. The activity indexes of 7d and 28d of tailings generated after calcination and wet beneficiation respectively reach 75-85% and 95-100%, the national standard requirement of GB/T18046-2017 granulated blast furnace slag powder used in cement, mortar and concrete is met, and the content of f-CaO in the tailings powder is less than 2%.
(6) The invention utilizes the characteristics of various solid wastes and fully exerts the synergistic effect among multiple solid wastes. The powder 2 supplements the requirements of the cementing material on active Si and Al elements; the mixed calcination of the vanadium tailings and the waste stone powder provides effective CaO for a backfill system, and simultaneously plays a role in chemically exciting the activity of the powder 2; caSO in powder 44·2H2O plays a role in retarding coagulation, ca (NO)3)2The early strength of the concrete is guaranteed, the glutinous rice pulp is used, and the compactness of the concrete is improved. The solid polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent effectively reduces the use of water resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a process for preparing the powder 1 according to the invention.
FIG. 2 shows a flow for the preparation of powder 2 according to the invention.
FIG. 3 shows a flow for the preparation of the powder 3 according to the invention.
FIG. 4 shows a flow for the preparation of the powder 4 according to the invention.
FIG. 5 shows a process for preparing the concrete of the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows XRD patterns of raw materials of the present invention, i.e. (a) -stainless steel slag, (b) steel slag, (c) -granite waste stone, (d) -fly ash, (e) -vanadium tailings, (f) fluorgypsum, (g) -calcium silicate slag, (h) -cement clinker, (i) -coal slime, and (j) -waste stone powder.
FIG. 7 is the effect of the amount of composite cement on the performance of high performance concrete in example 2: (a) The influence of the dosage of the composite cementing material on the compressive strength of the high-performance concrete; (b) The influence of the amount of the composite cementitious material on the working performance of high-performance concrete.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of sand ratio on the performance of high performance concrete in example 2: (a) the effect of sand rate on the working performance of high performance concrete; (b) influence of sand rate on compressive strength of high-performance concrete.
FIG. 9 is the effect of the water cement ratio on the performance of high performance concrete for example 2: (a) The influence of the water-glue ratio on the working performance of the high-performance concrete; (b) The influence of the water-cement ratio on the compressive strength of the high-performance concrete.
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the effect of curing method of example 2 on the compressive strength of high performance concrete.
FIG. 11 is XRD patterns of composite cement paste at different ages in example 2.
FIG. 12 is FT-IR spectra of composite cement paste at different ages of example 2.
FIG. 13 is DTA-TG curves (a) -3d of composite cement paste at different ages in example 2; (b) -7d; (c) -28d.
FIG. 14 is SEM pictures of composite cement paste of different ages in example 2 (a) -1d, (b) -3d, (c) -7d, (d) -28d.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived from the embodiments of the present invention by a person skilled in the art, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for preparing solid waste base high-performance concrete from tailings after iron separation of multi-element solid waste comprises the following steps:
s1, stainless steel slag pretreatment: placing 10-20 mm particles of original stainless steel slag into a carbonization box for carbonization for 72h, and then placing the carbonized stainless steel slag into a drying box at 100 ℃ for air blast drying to constant weightThen crushing the mixture by a jaw crusher to particles with the particle size of 1-3 mm, and then putting the particles into a ball mill for grinding the mixture to the specific surface area of 200m2/kg；
S2, steel slag pretreatment: crushing the steel slag into particles of 1-3 mm by a jaw crusher, putting the steel slag into a carbonization box for carbonization for 40 hours, drying the carbonized steel slag at 100 ℃ for 12 hours, and then putting the steel slag into a ball mill for grinding until the specific surface area is 100m2/kg；
S3, strong magnetic separation: uniformly mixing stainless steel slag and steel slag according to a ratio of 2;
s4, pretreatment of a carbonaceous raw material:
(1) Coal slime pretreatment: stacking and airing the coal slime to ensure that the water content of the coal slime is less than 15-25%, then drying the coal slime at 100 ℃, cooling the coal slime in dry air, and dispersing the coal slime by adopting a planetary ball mill to ensure that the specific surface area of the material reaches 250-350 m2/kg；
(2) Pretreating waste coconut shells; washing coconut shells, removing surface impurities such as sand and stone, stacking the coconut shells in the shade, drying, placing the crushed coconut shells into a 70 ℃ drying box, drying by air until the weight is constant, and crushing the coconut shells into particles with the particle size of 1-2 mm by a crusher;
(3) Uniformly mixing the pretreated coal slime and coconut shells according to the mass ratio of 4;
s5, pretreatment of a calcareous raw material:
(1) Pretreating the calcium silicate slag: firstly, screening calcium silicate slag, screening organic impurities in the calcium silicate slag, and then placing the calcium silicate slag in an electrothermal drying oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 12 hours for later use;
(2) Pretreatment of waste shells: screening waste shells, screening to remove impurities in the waste shells, cleaning the waste shells, drying in the air, placing the dried waste shells in an electrothermal drying oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 12 hours, and crushing the dried waste shells to 1-3 cm in a jaw crusher for later use;
(3) Mixing the pretreated calcium silicate slag and the waste shells according to a ratio of 4: the temperature is increased from room temperature to 300 ℃ at the temperature-increasing speed of 2 DEG CMin, and then preserving the heat for 30min; then raising the temperature from 300 ℃ to 800 ℃, wherein the temperature raising rate is 4 ℃/min, and then preserving the heat for 120min; after the calcination is finished, taking out the sample when the temperature is cooled to 100 ℃ by air blast; then placing the sample cooled to room temperature into a cement ball mill, and grinding the sample to the specific surface area of 350m2Per kg, obtaining a calcareous raw material for later use;
s6, pretreating a silicon-aluminum raw material:
(1) Pretreatment of waste wind power blades: cutting the waste wind power blade into blocks, putting the blocks into a crusher to be crushed into particles with the particle size of 1-3 mm, and drying the particles for later use;
(2) Coal ash pretreatment: screening and separating organic matters in the fly ash, removing surface impurities, and then placing the fly ash into a drying oven at 70 ℃ for drying to constant weight for later use;
(3) Placing the dried waste wind power blade particles and the fly ash into a cement ball mill with the rotating speed of 48r/min according to the mass ratio of 42Per kg, obtaining a silicon-aluminum raw material;
s7, press forming: placing the carbonaceous raw material in the powder 1, the carbonaceous raw material in the S4, the calcareous raw material in the S5 and the silicon-aluminum raw material in the S6 into a planetary mill according to the mass ratio of 45; adding 8% of water by mass into the obtained dry material mixture, uniformly mixing, putting into a die, and pressing into pellets with the diameter of phi 30mm multiplied by 20mm by a hydraulic press; placing the pellets in an electric heating drying oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 20min at constant temperature;
s8, high-temperature calcination: putting the pellets subjected to the compression molding in the step S7 into a corundum crucible covered with a cover, and putting the corundum crucible into a muffle furnace for high-temperature calcination; the calcination system is as follows: heating from room temperature to 800 deg.C at a heating rate of 0.5 deg.C/min, and maintaining for 20min; then raising the temperature from 800 ℃ to 1200 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 3.5 ℃/min, and then preserving the heat for 120min; after the calcination is finished, the temperature is reduced to 1000 ℃, the sample is taken out, and the taken sample is quenched to room temperature by water quenching;
s9, wet beneficiation: crushing the high-temperature calcined product in the step S8 to particles of 1-3 mm by using a jaw crusher, wet-grinding by using an RK/BK type three-roll four-cylinder rod mill, performing wet separation in a low-intensity magnetic field magnetic separation tube to obtain metal fine separation powder 2 and tailings modified powder, wherein the dried product is the metal fine separation powder2, adding the tailing modified dry powder into a cement ball mill with the rotating speed of 48r/min for grinding until the specific surface area is 500m2Per kg, powder 2 is obtained;
s10, pretreating powder 3:
(1) Pretreatment of vanadium tailings: screening the vanadium tailings, screening organic impurities in the vanadium tailings, and then placing the vanadium tailings in a blast drying oven to dry the vanadium tailings to constant weight;
(2) Waste stone powder pretreatment: putting the waste stone powder into a drying box at 100 ℃ for blast drying until the water content is less than 1%;
(3) Putting the dried vanadium tailings and the waste stone powder into a planetary mill according to the mass ratio of 4: heating from room temperature to 300 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, and then keeping the temperature for 25min; then raising the temperature from 300 ℃ to 750 ℃ as required, wherein the temperature raising rate is 10 ℃/min, and then preserving the heat for 100min; after the calcination is finished, taking out the sample when the blast cooling is carried out to the room temperature, then putting the powder cooled to the room temperature into a ball mill, and grinding the powder to the specific surface area of 400m2Per kg, to give powder 3;
s11, pretreatment of the composite gypsum: respectively scattering fluorgypsum and citric acid gypsum, then placing the scattered fluorgypsum and citric acid gypsum into a 50 ℃ blast drying oven for drying for 60 hours, uniformly mixing the dried fluorgypsum and citric acid gypsum according to a mass ratio of 42Per kg, powder 4 is obtained;
s12, cement clinker pretreatment: placing the cement clinker into a jaw crusher, crushing the cement clinker into particles with the particle size of 1-3 mm, drying the crushed cement clinker for 12 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃, and then placing the cement clinker into a cement ball mill with the rotating speed of 42r/min for grinding until the specific surface area is 300m2/kg；
S13, pretreating powder 5: mixing the powder 2 obtained in S9, the powder 3 in S10, the powder 4 in S11 and the cement clinker in S12 according to the mass ratio of 75%:10%:10%:5 percent, and mixing to obtain composite cementing material powder 5;
s14, granite waste stone pretreatment: crushing, shaping and screening granite waste stones to obtain waste stone particles with the particle sizes of more than 20mm, 5-20 mm, 0.15-4.75 mm and less than 150 mu m, wherein the granite waste stones with the particle sizes of 5-20 mm are used as coarse aggregates, and the granite waste stone powder with the particle sizes of 0.15-4.75 mm is used as fine aggregates;
s15, bagasse pretreatment: putting bagasse into a 50 ℃ forced air drying oven to dry to constant weight, and then cutting the bagasse into bagasse with the length of 1-3 mm; uniformly mixing 10% kerosene and 98% concentrated sulfuric acid in a volume ratio of 2:1 to obtain a mixed solution, adding cane sugar residue accounting for 20% of the mixed solution by mass at 40 ℃ for stirring, cooling to room temperature to separate a solvent, neutralizing with a 20% sodium hydroxide solution, filtering, carrying out suction filtration on a filtrate, adding an aminosulfonic acid-aromatic aminosulfonic acid polymer accounting for 80% of the mass ratio of the aminosulfonic acid-aromatic aminosulfonic acid polymer into the filtrate after the suction filtration, and stirring for 30min to obtain a bagasse solution with a concentration of 30%;
s16, pretreatment of bean curd wastewater: refrigerating the bean curd wastewater at 3 ℃, adding steel slag with the particle size of 1.18-4.75 mm into the bean curd wastewater for flocculation treatment for not less than 3h, and filtering to obtain filtrate;
s17, preparing a water reducing agent: mixing the bagasse solution after pretreatment in the step S15 with the bean curd wastewater filtrate in the step S16 according to the volume ratio of 1;
s18, preparing glutinous rice mixed pulp: the sticky rice is cleaned and then dried, the dried sticky rice is processed into 0.16-0.212 mm by a grinder, the sticky rice powder is uniformly mixed in distilled water, then the sticky rice powder is slowly poured into the distilled water heated to 100 ℃ and uniformly stirred, the sticky rice powder is decocted for 4 hours by slow fire, the concentration of the sticky rice slurry is kept to be 5% during the decoction period, and then the sticky rice slurry and the water are mixed according to the proportion of 5:95 to obtain glutinous rice mixed pulp;
s19, preparing solid waste base high-performance concrete: mixing the powder 5 in the S13, the coarse aggregate in the S14 and the fine aggregate in the S14 according to a mass ratio of 560; adding water reducing agent accounting for 0.1 percent of the powder by mass 5, stirring uniformly by a stirrer, and then adding Ca (NO) accounting for 0.1 percent of the powder by mass 53)2Stirring the admixture for 30ss, and finally pouring, demolding and maintaining the mixed slurry to obtain the high-performance concrete of the solid waste baseA soil article.
The carbonization conditions in the steps S1 and S2 are as follows: CO 22The concentration is 15%, the temperature is 19 +/-1 ℃, and the humidity is 84% +/-1.
And S3, the magnetic separation intensity of the magnetic separator is 1T, and the rotating speed of the magnetic separator is 30r/min.
In the step S7, the pressure for press forming is 15MPa.
In the step S9, the wet grinding is carried out until the grain size is-0.074 mm and accounts for 92%, and the intensity set by the magnetic separation of the low-intensity magnetic separation tube is 1600Oe.
Example 2
A method for preparing solid waste base high-performance concrete from tailings after multi-element solid waste iron separation comprises the following steps:
s1, stainless steel slag pretreatment: putting 10-20 mm particles of undisturbed stainless steel slag into a carbonization box for carbonization for 96 hours, then putting the carbonized stainless steel slag into a drying box at 100 ℃ for blast drying to constant weight, then crushing the stainless steel slag into particles with the particle size of 1-3 mm by a jaw crusher, and then putting the particles into a ball mill for grinding until the specific surface area is 250m2/kg；
S2, steel slag pretreatment: crushing the steel slag into particles of 1-3 mm by a jaw crusher, putting the steel slag into a carbonization box for carbonization for 48 hours, drying the carbonized steel slag at 100 ℃ for 12 hours, and then putting the steel slag into a ball mill for grinding until the specific surface area is 150m2/kg；
S3, strong magnetic separation: uniformly mixing stainless steel slag and steel slag according to a ratio of 3;
s4, pretreatment of a carbonaceous raw material:
(1) Coal slime pretreatment: stacking and airing the coal slime to ensure that the water content of the coal slime is less than 15-25%, then drying the coal slime at 100 ℃, cooling the coal slime in dry air, and dispersing the coal slime by adopting a planetary ball mill to ensure that the specific surface area of the material reaches 250-350 m2/kg；
(2) Pretreating waste coconut shells; washing coconut shells, removing surface impurities such as sandstone and the like, stacking the coconut shells in a shade place, airing, placing the crushed coconut shells into a 70 ℃ drying box, drying by air until the weight is constant, and crushing the coconut shells into particles with the particle size of 1-2 mm by a crusher;
(3) Uniformly mixing the pretreated coal slime and coconut shells according to the mass ratio of 1;
s5, pretreatment of a calcareous raw material:
(1) Pretreating the calcium silicate slag: firstly, screening calcium silicate slag, screening organic impurities in the calcium silicate slag, and then placing the calcium silicate slag in an electrothermal drying oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 12 hours for later use;
(2) Pretreatment of waste shells: screening waste shells, screening to remove impurities in the waste shells, cleaning the waste shells, drying in the air, placing the dried waste shells in an electric heating drying box at 100 ℃ for drying for 12 hours, and crushing the dried waste shells to 1-3 cm in a jaw crusher for later use;
(3) Mixing the pretreated calcium silicate slag and the waste shells according to a ratio of 1: heating from room temperature to 300 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, and then preserving heat for 30min; then raising the temperature from 300 ℃ to 850 ℃, wherein the temperature raising rate is 4 ℃/min, and then preserving the heat for 90min; after the calcination is finished, taking out the sample when the temperature is cooled to 100 ℃ by air blast; then placing the sample cooled to room temperature into a cement ball mill, and grinding the sample to the specific surface area of 400m2Per kg, obtaining a calcareous raw material for later use;
s6, pretreatment of a silicon-aluminum raw material:
(1) Pretreatment of waste wind power blades: cutting the waste wind power blades into blocks, putting the blocks into a crusher to crush the blocks into particles with the particle size of 1-3 mm, and drying the particles for later use;
(2) Pretreating fly ash: screening and separating organic matters in the fly ash, removing surface impurities, and then placing the fly ash into a drying oven at 70 ℃ for drying to constant weight for later use;
(3) Placing the dried waste wind power blade particles and the fly ash into a cement ball mill with the rotating speed of 48r/min according to the mass ratio of 12Per kg, obtaining a silicon-aluminum raw material;
s7, press forming: placing the carbonaceous raw material in the powder 1, the carbonaceous raw material in the S4, the calcareous raw material in the S5 and the silicon-aluminum raw material in the S6 into a planetary mill according to the mass ratio of 40; adding water accounting for 9% of the mass of the dry material mixture into the obtained dry material mixture, uniformly mixing, putting the mixture into a die, and pressing the mixture into pellets with the diameter of phi 30mm multiplied by 20mm by a hydraulic press; placing the pellets in an electric heating drying oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 30min at constant temperature;
s8, high-temperature calcination: and (4) putting the pellets subjected to the compression molding in the step S7 into a corundum crucible with a cover, and placing the corundum crucible into a muffle furnace for high-temperature calcination, wherein the calcination system is as follows: heating from room temperature to 800 deg.C at a heating rate of 0.5 deg.C/min, and maintaining for 20min; then raising the temperature from 800 ℃ to 1250 ℃, wherein the raising rate is 3.5 ℃/min, and then preserving the heat for 80min; after the calcination is finished, the temperature is reduced to 1050 ℃, the sample is taken out, and the taken sample is quenched to room temperature by water quenching;
s9, wet beneficiation: crushing the high-temperature calcined product in the step S8 to particles of 1-3 mm by using a jaw crusher, wet-milling by using an RK/BK type three-roll four-cylinder rod mill, performing wet separation in a low-intensity magnetic field magnetic separation tube to obtain metal fine separation powder 2 and tailings modified powder, placing the dried products of the metal fine separation powder 2 and tailings modified dry powder into a cement ball mill with the rotating speed of 48r/min, and grinding the tailings modified dry powder to the specific surface area of 600m2Per kg, to obtain powder 2;
s10, pretreating powder 3:
(1) Pretreatment of vanadium tailings: screening the vanadium tailings, screening out organic impurities in the vanadium tailings, and then placing the vanadium tailings in an air-blast drying oven to dry the vanadium tailings to constant weight;
(2) Waste stone powder pretreatment: putting the waste stone powder into a drying box at 100 ℃ for blast drying until the water content is less than 1%;
(3) Putting the dried vanadium tailings and the waste stone powder into a planetary mill according to the mass ratio of 1: heating from room temperature to 300 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, and then keeping the temperature for 25min; then raising the temperature from 300 ℃ to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and then preserving the heat for 85min; after the calcination is finished, taking out the sample when the blast cooling is carried out to the room temperature, then putting the powder cooled to the room temperature into a ball mill, and grinding the powder to the specific surface area of 500m2Per kg, to give powder 3;
s11, pretreatment of the composite gypsum: respectively scattering fluorgypsum and citric acid gypsum, and then putting the scattered fluorgypsum and citric acid gypsum into a 60-DEG C forced air drying oven to be driedAnd drying for 54 hours, uniformly mixing the dried fluorgypsum and the dried citric acid gypsum according to the mass ratio of 12Per kg, to give powder 4;
s12, cement clinker pretreatment: placing the cement clinker into a jaw crusher, crushing the cement clinker into particles with the particle size of 1-3 mm, drying the crushed cement clinker for 12 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃, and then placing the cement clinker into a cement ball mill with the rotating speed of 42r/min for grinding until the specific surface area is 350m2/kg；
S13, pretreating powder 5: mixing the powder 2 obtained in the step S9, the powder 3 in the step S10, the powder 4 in the step S11 and the cement clinker in the step S12 according to the mass ratio of 65 percent to 15 percent to 12 percent to 8 percent to obtain composite cementing material powder 5;
s14, granite waste stone pretreatment: carrying out jaw crushing, shaping and screening on the granite waste stone to obtain waste stone particles with the particle sizes of more than 20mm, 5-20 mm, 0.15-4.75 mm and less than 150 mu m, wherein the granite waste stone with the particle size of 5-20 mm is used as a coarse aggregate, and the granite waste stone powder with the particle size of 0.15-4.75 mm is used as a fine aggregate;
s15, bagasse pretreatment: putting bagasse into a 60 ℃ forced air drying oven to dry to constant weight, and then cutting the bagasse into bagasse with the length of 1-3 mm; uniformly mixing 10% kerosene and 98% concentrated sulfuric acid according to the volume ratio of 2:1 to obtain a mixed solution, adding 30% of sugarcane residue in the mass of the mixed solution at 50 ℃, stirring, cooling to room temperature, separating out a solvent, neutralizing with a 25% sodium hydroxide solution, filtering, carrying out suction filtration on a filtrate, adding 80% of aminosulfonic acid-aromatic aminosulfonic acid polymer in the mass ratio into the filtrate, and stirring for 40min to obtain a 40% bagasse solution;
s16, pretreatment of bean curd wastewater: refrigerating the bean curd wastewater at 5 ℃, adding steel slag with the particle size of 1.18-4.75 mm into the bean curd wastewater for flocculation treatment for not less than 3h, and filtering to obtain filtrate;
s17, preparing a water reducing agent: mixing the bagasse solution after pretreatment in S15 with the bean curd wastewater filtrate in S16 according to a volume ratio of 1.5 to prepare a water reducing agent;
s18, preparing glutinous rice mixed slurry: cleaning and drying glutinous rice, processing the dried glutinous rice into the grain size of 0.16-0.212 mm by a grinder, uniformly mixing the glutinous rice powder in distilled water, slowly pouring the mixture into the distilled water heated to 100 ℃, uniformly stirring, decocting for 4.2h by slow fire, keeping the concentration of glutinous rice pulp at 8% during the decoction, and then pressing the glutinous rice pulp and water by 10%: mixing 90% of the mixture in percentage by mass to obtain glutinous rice mixed pulp;
s19, preparing the solid waste base high-performance concrete: respectively mixing the powder 5 in the S13, the coarse aggregate in the S14 and the fine aggregate in the S14 according to a mass ratio of 660; adding water reducing agent accounting for 0.2 percent of the powder by mass 5, stirring uniformly by a stirrer, and then adding Ca (NO) accounting for 0.2 percent of the powder by mass 53)2And (3) stirring the admixture for 340s, and finally pouring, demolding and maintaining the mixed slurry to obtain the solid waste base high-performance concrete product.
The carbonization conditions in the steps S1 and S2 are as follows: CO 22 Concentration 25%, temperature 19. + -. 1 ℃ and humidity 84% + -1.
And S3, the magnetic separation intensity of the magnetic separator is 2T, and the rotating speed of the magnetic separator is 20r/min.
In the step S7, the pressure of the compression molding is 20MPa.
In the step S9, the wet grinding is carried out until the grain size is-0.074 mm and accounts for 95%, and the intensity set by the magnetic separation of the low-intensity magnetic separation tube is 1700Oe.
Example 3
A method for preparing solid waste base high-performance concrete from tailings after iron separation of multi-element solid waste comprises the following steps:
s1, stainless steel slag pretreatment: putting 10-20 mm particles of undisturbed stainless steel slag into a carbonization box for carbonization for 120 hours, then putting the carbonized stainless steel slag into a drying box with the temperature of 100 ℃ for blast drying to constant weight, then crushing the stainless steel slag into particles with the particle size of 1-3 mm by adopting a jaw crusher, and then putting the particles into a ball mill for grinding until the specific surface area is 300m2/kg；
S2, steel slag pretreatment: crushing the steel slag into particles of 1-3 mm by a jaw crusher, putting the steel slag into a carbonization box for carbonization for 56 hours, and drying the carbonized steel slag at 100 ℃ for 12h, then putting the mixture into a ball mill for grinding until the specific surface area is 200m2/kg；
S3, strong magnetic separation: uniformly mixing stainless steel slag and steel slag according to a ratio of 4;
s4, pretreatment of a carbonaceous raw material:
(1) Coal slime pretreatment: stacking and airing the coal slime to ensure that the water content of the coal slime is less than 15-25%, then drying the coal slime at 100 ℃, cooling the coal slime in dry air, and dispersing the coal slime by adopting a planetary ball mill to ensure that the specific surface area of the material reaches 250-350 m2/kg；
(2) Pretreating waste coconut shells; washing coconut shells, removing surface impurities such as sandstone and the like, stacking the coconut shells in a shade place, airing, placing the crushed coconut shells into a 70 ℃ drying box, drying by air until the weight is constant, and crushing the coconut shells into particles with the particle size of 1-2 mm by a crusher;
(3) Uniformly mixing the pretreated coal slime and coconut shells according to a mass ratio of 1;
s5, pretreatment of a calcareous raw material:
(1) Pretreating the calcium silicate slag: firstly, screening the calcium silicate slag, screening out organic impurities in the calcium silicate slag, and then placing the calcium silicate slag in an electrothermal drying oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 12 hours for later use;
(2) Pretreatment of waste shells: screening waste shells, screening to remove impurities in the waste shells, cleaning the waste shells, drying in the air, placing the dried waste shells in an electrothermal drying oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 12 hours, and crushing the dried waste shells to 1-3 cm in a jaw crusher for later use;
(3) Mixing the pretreated calcium silicate slag and the waste shells according to a ratio of 1: heating the mixture from room temperature to 300 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, and then, keeping the temperature for 30min; then raising the temperature from 300 ℃ to 900 ℃, wherein the temperature raising rate is 4 ℃/min, and then preserving the heat for 60min; after the calcination is finished, taking out the sample when the temperature is cooled to 100 ℃ by air blast; then placing the sample cooled to room temperature into a cement ball mill, and grinding the sample to a specific surface area of 500m2Per kg, obtaining a calcareous raw material for later use;
s6, pretreating a silicon-aluminum raw material:
(1) Pretreatment of waste wind power blades: cutting the waste wind power blades into blocks, putting the blocks into a crusher to crush the blocks into particles with the particle size of 1-3 mm, and drying the particles for later use;
(2) Coal ash pretreatment: screening and separating organic matters in the fly ash, removing surface impurities, and then placing the fly ash into a drying oven at 70 ℃ for drying to constant weight for later use;
(3) Putting the dried waste wind power blade particles and the fly ash into a cement ball mill with the rotating speed of 48r/min according to the mass ratio of 12Per kg, obtaining a silicon-aluminum raw material;
s7, press forming: placing the carbonaceous raw material in the powder 1, the carbonaceous raw material in the S4, the calcareous raw material in the S5 and the silicon-aluminum raw material in the S6 into a planetary mill according to the mass ratio of 35; adding 10% of water by mass into the obtained dry material mixture, uniformly mixing, putting into a die, and pressing into pellets with the diameter of phi 30mm multiplied by 20mm by a hydraulic press; placing the pellets in an electric heating drying oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 40min at constant temperature;
s8, high-temperature calcination: and (4) putting the pellets subjected to the compression molding in the step S7 into a corundum crucible with a cover, and placing the corundum crucible into a muffle furnace for high-temperature calcination, wherein the calcination system is as follows: heating from room temperature to 800 deg.C at a heating rate of 0.5 deg.C/min, and maintaining for 20min; then heating to 1300 ℃ from 800 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 3.5 ℃/min, and then preserving heat for 30min; after the calcination is finished, cooling to 1100 ℃, taking out the sample, and quenching the taken out sample to room temperature by water quenching;
s9, wet beneficiation: crushing the high-temperature calcined product in the step S8 to particles of 1-3 mm by using a jaw crusher, wet-milling by using an RK/BK type three-roll four-cylinder rod mill, performing wet separation in a low-intensity magnetic field magnetic separation tube to obtain metal fine separation powder 2 and tailings modified powder, putting the dried products of the metal fine separation powder 2 and tailings modified dry powder into a cement ball mill with the rotating speed of 48r/min, and grinding until the specific surface area is 700m2Per kg, powder 2 is obtained;
s10, pretreating powder 3:
(1) Pretreatment of vanadium tailings: screening the vanadium tailings, screening organic impurities in the vanadium tailings, and then placing the vanadium tailings in a blast drying oven to dry the vanadium tailings to constant weight;
(2) Waste stone powder pretreatment: putting the waste stone powder into a drying oven at 100 ℃ for blast drying until the water content is less than 1%;
(3) Putting the dried vanadium tailings and the waste stone powder into a planetary mill according to the mass ratio of 1: heating from room temperature to 300 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, and then keeping the temperature for 25min; then raising the temperature from 300 ℃ to 900 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and then preserving the heat for 50min; after the calcination is finished, taking out the sample when the blast cooling is carried out to the room temperature, then putting the powder cooled to the room temperature into a ball mill, and grinding the powder to the specific surface area of 600m2Per kg, to give powder 3;
s11, pretreatment of the composite gypsum: respectively scattering fluorgypsum and citric acid gypsum, then placing the scattered fluorgypsum and citric acid gypsum into a 70 ℃ blast drying oven for drying for 48 hours, uniformly mixing the dried fluorgypsum and citric acid gypsum according to a mass ratio of 12Per kg, powder 4 is obtained;
s12, cement clinker pretreatment: placing the cement clinker into a jaw crusher, crushing the cement clinker into particles with the particle size of 1-3 mm, drying the crushed cement clinker for 12 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃, and then placing the cement clinker into a cement ball mill with the rotating speed of 42r/min for grinding until the specific surface area is 400m2/kg；
S13, pretreating powder 5: mixing the powder 2 obtained in S9, the powder 3 in S10, the powder 4 in S11 and the cement clinker in S12 according to a mass ratio of 60%:10%:15%:15 percent of the raw materials are mixed to obtain composite cementing material powder 5;
s14, granite waste stone pretreatment: crushing, shaping and screening granite waste stones to obtain waste stone particles with the particle sizes of more than 20mm, 5-20 mm, 0.15-4.75 mm and less than 150 mu m, wherein the granite waste stones with the particle sizes of 5-20 mm are used as coarse aggregates, and the granite waste stone powder with the particle sizes of 0.15-4.75 mm is used as fine aggregates;
s15, bagasse pretreatment: putting bagasse into a 70 ℃ forced air drying oven to dry to constant weight, and then cutting the bagasse into bagasse with the length of 1-3 mm; uniformly mixing 10% kerosene and 98% concentrated sulfuric acid according to the volume ratio of 2:1 to obtain a mixed solution, adding cane sugar residue accounting for 40% of the mass of the mixed solution at 40-65 ℃, stirring, cooling to room temperature, separating out a solvent, neutralizing with a 35% sodium hydroxide solution, filtering, carrying out suction filtration on a filtrate, adding an aminosulfonic acid-aromatic aminosulfonic acid polymer accounting for 80% of the mass ratio of the aminosulfonic acid-aromatic aminosulfonic acid polymer into the filtrate after suction filtration, and stirring for 60min to obtain a 50% bagasse solution;
s16, pretreatment of bean curd wastewater: refrigerating the bean curd wastewater at 6 ℃, adding steel slag with the particle size of 1.18-4.75 mm into the bean curd wastewater for flocculation treatment for not less than 3h, and filtering to obtain filtrate;
s17, preparing a water reducing agent: mixing the bagasse solution after pretreatment in S15 with the bean curd wastewater filtrate in S16 according to a volume ratio of 1;
s18, preparing glutinous rice mixed pulp: sticky rice cleans the back and dries, and sticky rice adopts rubbing crusher processing to 0.16mm ~ 0.212mm after drying, with glutinous rice flour misce bene in distilled water, then slowly pour into and heat to 100 ℃ distilled water stirring, adopt slow fire system of decocting for 4.5h, keep the glutinous rice thick liquid concentration to be 10% during the system of decocting, then press 15% with glutinous rice thick liquid and water: 85 percent of the mixture is mixed according to the mass ratio to obtain glutinous rice mixed pulp;
s19, preparing the solid waste base high-performance concrete: respectively mixing the powder 5 in the S13, the coarse aggregate in the S14 and the fine aggregate in the S14 according to a mass ratio of 5820; adding water reducing agent accounting for 0.3 percent of the powder by mass 5, stirring uniformly by a stirrer, and then adding Ca (NO) accounting for 0.3 percent of the powder by mass 53)2And (3) stirring the admixture for 50s, and finally pouring, demolding and maintaining the mixed slurry to obtain the solid waste base high-performance concrete product.
The carbonization conditions in the steps S1 and S2 are as follows: CO 22 Concentration 30%, temperature 19 + -1 deg.C, humidity 84% + -1.
And S3, the magnetic separation intensity of the magnetic separator is 3T, and the rotating speed of the magnetic separator is 10r/min.
In the step S7, the pressure of the compression molding is 25MPa.
In the step S9, the wet grinding is carried out until the grain size is minus 0.074mm and accounts for 96%, and the intensity set by the magnetic separation of the low-intensity magnetic separation tube is 1800Oe.
In examples 1 to 3, the stainless steel slag of step S1 comprises the following main chemical components in percentage by weight: al (aluminum)2 O 3 5～10％，SiO2 16～20％，CaO 9～48％，MgO 2～8％，Fe2O3 27％～31％，MnO 1～6％，Cr2O34 to 10 percent; the main chemical composition of the steel slag in the step S2 is as follows: siO 22 10～20％，Al2O3 1～7％，Fe2O3 2～33％，MgO 3～12％，CaO 30～50％，FeO3～15％，Na2O 0.01～3％，K2O 0.01～3％，SO3 0.26％，P2O51 to 6 percent. The coal slime in the step S4 comprises the following main components in percentage by weight: siO 22 35～60％，Al2O3 15～35％，Fe2O3 5～15％，FeO 0.1～4％，MgO 0.1～4％，CaO 1～10％，K2O 0.01～2％，SO30.1 to 4 percent, 15 to 25 percent of ignition loss and 2000 to 3000kJ/kg of heat value; the coconut shell mainly comprises lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose, and the chemical composition and industrial analysis of the coconut shell are as follows: 40 to 60 percent of C, 5 to 8 percent of H, 30 to 45 percent of O, 0.01 to 0.20 percent of N, 13 to 20 percent of water, 0.3 to 1.8 percent of ash, 65 to 80 percent of volatile and 15 to 20 percent of fixed carbon. The main chemical composition of the calcium silicate slag in the step S5 is as follows: siO 22 20～35％，Al2O35～20％，Fe2O32-4%, mgO 1-3%, caO 40-50%; the main mineral phases of the waste shells are calcite and aragonite, and the main chemical components and contents are as follows: caCO 3 80～90％，MgCO 3 1～8％，Ca3(PO4)2 0.01～2％，SiO2 0.01～2.5％，Al2O3+CaO+Fe2O30.01-2% and loss on ignition 1-10%; the main components and contents of the fly ash in the step S6 are as follows: siO 22 33～60％，Al2O3 16～35％，Fe21.5 to 20 percent of O, 0.8 to 10.4 percent of CaO and 0.7 to 1.9 percent of MgO. The main mineral phases of the vanadium tailings in the step S10 are orthoclase, quartz, pyrite and anhydrite, and the main chemical components and the contents of the main mineral phases are as follows: siO 22 55％～75％；Al2O3 1％～13％；Fe2O3+FeO 3％～16％；P2O5 0.01％～5％；MgO 0.1％～7％；CaO 15％～25％；K2O 0.1％～1％；Na2O 0.1％～1％；TiO20.01 to 0.3 percent; mnO 0.01-0.8%; the ignition loss is 0.1 to 5 percent, and the others are 0.01 to 2.5 percent; the main mineral phases of the waste stone powder in the step S10 are calcite and quartz, and the main chemical components and the contents are as follows: siO 22 5～25％，Al2O3 3～10％，CaO 55～80％，Fe2O3 0.1～5％，MgO 2～6％，K2O 0.01～1％，Na20.01 to 1 percent of O and 15 to 35 percent of loss on ignition; the main chemical components and contents of the fluorgypsum in the step S11 are as follows: 35 to 40 percent of CaO and SiO2 0.2～6％，Al2O3 0.2～4％，MgO 0.1～1％，SO3 35～50％，CaF22 to 8 percent; the main chemical components and contents of the citric acid gypsum in the step S11 are as follows: 32 to 40 percent of CaO and SiO2 0.1～5％，Al2O3 0.1～3％，MgO 0.1～1％，SO3 35～55％，CaF2 2～7％。K2O 0.01～1％，P2O5 0.01～1％。
The powder 3 prepared in the step S10 has the effective CaO content of 68-72%, the MgO content of less than 3%, the digestion temperature of 66-70 ℃, the digestion time of 10-14min and the screen residue of a 0.08 square-hole sieve of 9-13%, and meets the requirements of ASTM C5-2010 standard specification of quicklime for buildings.
Detection and analysis:
the important intermediate products in examples 1-3 and the finally prepared solid waste base high-performance concrete are detected and analyzed, and the results are as follows:
TABLE 1 analysis of indexes of metal concentrates in examples 1 to 3
TABLE 2 analysis of chemical composition of powder 2 in examples 1 to 3
TABLE 3 Activity index of powder 2 in examples 1-3
In the embodiment 1, the effective CaO content of the powder 3 is 68 percent, the MgO content is less than 3 percent, the digestion temperature is 66 ℃, the digestion time is 10min, and the screen residue of a 0.08 square-hole screen is 9 percent, which meets the requirements of ASTM C5-2010 standard specification of quicklime for buildings.
In the embodiment 2, the effective CaO content in the powder 3 is 70%, the MgO content is less than 3%, the digestion temperature is 68 ℃, the digestion time is 12min, and the screen residue of a 0.08 square-hole sieve is 13%, which meets the requirements of ASTM C5-2010 Standard Specification of quicklime for buildings.
In the powder material 3 in the embodiment 3, the effective CaO content is 72 percent, the MgO content is less than 3 percent, the digestion temperature is 70 ℃, the digestion time is 14min, and the sieve residue of a 0.08 square-hole sieve is 13 percent, which meets the requirements of ASTM C5-2010 standard specification of quicklime for buildings.
TABLE 4 technical indexes of composite cementing materials in examples 1 to 3
Heavy metal leaching experiment: and respectively preparing gel sand samples of the mine filling material according to GB17671-1999 cement gel sand strength test method, wherein the sizes of the samples are 40mm multiplied by 160mm, the samples are maintained under the standard conditions that the temperature is 35 ℃ and the humidity is more than 95%, and the leaching concentration of the heavy metal in the 28 th-age period is tested.
TABLE 5 examples of composite cement samples from examples 1-3 maintained for 28d ion leach (. Mu.g/L)
And (3) radioactivity determination: radioactivity was measured according to the relevant regulations of the national standard "radionuclide limits for building materials" GB 6566.
Table 6 results of radioactivity measurement of composite cement sample in example 1
The activated composite gelled material is mixed with P.O 42.5 Portland cement in the mixing amount of 15%, 25%, 35% and 45%, and mortar test pieces are prepared and strength is measured according to the international standard GB/T17671-1999 cement mortar Strength test method (ISO method) (see Table 7).
TABLE 7 SAND STRENGTH OF COMPOSITE GEL MATERIALS IN EXAMPLES 1-3
TABLE 8 Performance index of solid waste base high performance concrete in examples 1 to 3
EXAMPLE 2 Effect of amount of composite cementitious Material on Properties of high Performance concrete for solid waste base
FIG. 7 shows the effect of composite cementitious materials on the age strength of high performance concrete. As can be seen from FIG. 7 (a), the slump of fresh concrete is increased by increasing the amount of the cementThe degree is greatly increased. When the dosage of the cementing material is 520kg/m3When the slump of the fresh concrete is 10mm; the dosage of the cementing material is increased to 660kg/m3When the slump reaches 173mm, the slump of the fresh concrete is increased by 164 percent; when the amount of the cementing material is increased to 800kg/m3The slump of fresh concrete was 267mm. The reason is that under the condition of fixed water-cement ratio, the using amount of the cementing material is increased, the using amount of water is correspondingly increased, and the using amount of coarse and fine aggregates is reduced, so that the amount of cement 34886 in the stirring and preparing process is increased, and the flowability of concrete is finally increased. As can be seen from fig. 7 (b), the compressive strength of the early and late hardened concrete bodies substantially increased as the amount of the cementitious material was increased. When the dosage of the cementing material is 520kg/m3In addition, the compressive strength of the concrete in the 3d age is 46.67MPa, and the compressive strength of the concrete in the 28d age is 75.08MPa. The dosage of the cementing material is increased to 660kg/m3When the concrete in the 3d age has the compressive strength of 55.46MPa and the compressive strength in the 28d age of 89.65MPa, the dosage of the concrete is 520kg/m compared with the dosage of the cementing material3The time is increased by 19 percent. In the 56d age, the compressive strength of each concrete sample is increased by 3-15% compared with the compressive strength of each concrete sample in the 28d age. However, when the amount of the cementing material is small, the compressive strength is also low, which may be related to poor fluidity of fresh concrete and insufficient compaction in the molding stage.
EXAMPLE 2 Effect of Sand Rate on high Performance concrete Properties of solid waste base
The sand rate is the percentage of the mass of sand to the total mass of all fine aggregates and coarse aggregates. By adjusting the sand rate, the aggregate gradation of the fresh concrete can be changed, and the gaps and the surface area among the aggregates are changed, so that the working performance of the fresh concrete and the mechanical performance of the hardened concrete are influenced. The influence of different sand rates on the flowability of fresh concrete and on the compressive strength of a hardened concrete specimen is investigated in the test. FIG. 8 shows the effect of sand rate on the working performance of high-performance concrete with solid waste base and the compressive strength at each age. As can be seen from fig. 8 (a), as the sand ratio of the concrete increases, the slump of the fresh concrete substantially decreases. When the sand rate is 30%, the slump of the fresh concrete is the maximum and reaches 222mm; when the slump was 35%, the slump of fresh concrete was the smallest at 138mm. This may be because, under the condition of a certain quality of cement paste, the sand content in the concrete is too high due to too high sand rate, and more cement paste is required to fill and wrap the aggregate, so that the cement paste playing a role of lubrication is relatively reduced, and the flowability of the fresh concrete is reduced. However, the sand content is too low due to too low sand rate, and enough sand layer 34886 can not be wrapped between coarse aggregates, so that the porosity of the aggregates is increased, and the flowability of the fresh concrete is reduced. Therefore, the determination of reasonable sand rate is crucial to the preparation of concrete, and under the condition of not changing the water consumption and the gel material consumption, the sand rate in a reasonable range can ensure that the fresh concrete obtains the required fluidity, good cohesiveness and water retention, and the phenomena of segregation, slurry flowing and the like can not occur. As can be seen from fig. 8 (b), the compressive strength of the hardened concrete specimen tends to increase first and then decrease as the sand ratio of the concrete increases. When the sample is in the 3d age, the hardened concrete sample with the sand rate of 30 percent has the highest compressive strength which reaches 72.72MPa; the concrete sample with the sand rate of 20 percent has the lowest compression strength of 65.25MPa. And when the sample is aged at 28d, the compressive strength of the hardened concrete sample with the sand rate of 35 percent is the highest and reaches 91.51MPa. The sand rate is too low, the sand consumption of concrete is insufficient, a mortar layer cannot fully wrap the coarse aggregate, the coarse aggregate and the cementing material cannot be fully contacted, and the interface defect is large, so that the compressive strength is reduced.
EXAMPLE 2 Effect of Water-cement ratio on the Properties of high-Performance concrete for solid waste base
The amount of water is an important factor affecting the strength of the concrete. Under the condition of meeting the flowability requirement of fresh concrete, the concrete sample can be fully vibrated and compacted during molding as long as the water consumption of the concrete per unit cubic meter is lower, the porosity of the hardened concrete is lower, and the strength of the concrete is higher. Therefore, the influence of different single water consumption on the flowability of the fresh concrete and the compressive strength of the hardened concrete sample is investigated in the test. For convenience, the single-material water consumption in the test process is represented by the ratio of the water consumption to the gelled material consumption, namely the water-gel ratio, and the change of the water-gel ratio means the change of the single-material water consumption because the single-material consumption of the gelled material is not changed.
As can be seen from fig. 9 (a), as the water-cement ratio increases, the slump of the fresh concrete also gradually increases. When the water-cement ratio is 0.19, the slump is minimum. The slump is that the slump reaches 201mm when the water-cement ratio is 0.22, because under the condition that the using amount of the cementing materials is constant, the water consumption is increased due to the increase of the water-cement ratio, and the flowability of the fresh concrete is improved. When the water-cement ratio reaches 0.21 and above, the slump is larger than 180mm, and the fresh concrete can reach the standard of fluid concrete and can be used as pump concrete. As can be seen from fig. 9 (b), the compressive strength of the hardened concrete specimen at each age showed a tendency to gradually decrease as the water-cement ratio increased. And in the 3d age, the compressive strength of the concrete sample with the water-cement ratio of 0.21 is the highest and reaches 66.89MPa, and the compressive strength of the concrete sample with the water-cement ratio of 0.19 is 11 percent higher. And when the concrete sample is in the age of 28d, the concrete sample with the water-cement ratio of 0.19 has the highest compressive strength, and the compressive strength reaches 98.50MPa. When the water-to-glue ratio is more than 0.19, the water consumption is too large, and redundant water can remain in the test piece to form bubbles after the concrete is solidified and hardened or form air holes after the water is evaporated, so that the compactness and the load resistance of the concrete are greatly reduced, and the mechanical property of the concrete is reduced.
EXAMPLE 2 Effect of curing on the Properties of high-Performance concrete for solid waste base
The curing mode of the concrete directly influences the hydration process of each component in the concrete and the characteristics of hydration products, so that the structural formation and strength development conditions of the concrete are determined. In order to enable the solid waste base high-performance concrete to be better applied to actual projects with different requirements, the following four different curing modes are selected to investigate the influence of the curing modes on the strength increase of the solid waste base high-performance concrete, namely standard curing, in-water curing, steam curing and room-temperature wet curing.
FIG. 10 shows the effect of curing on the compressive strength of green high-performance concrete at various ages. As can be seen from the figure, the compressive strength of the concrete samples in different curing modes at all ages is increased along with the extension of the ages, and the phenomenon of strength collapse is avoided. When the sample is aged for 3d, the compressive strength of the steam cured hardened concrete sample is highest and reaches 85.16MPa; the compressive strength of the hardened concrete under the standard curing and the in-water curing conditions is not greatly different, and the 3d age strength of the four curing modes is slowly developed. As a result, under the steam curing condition, the high-temperature and high-humidity environment can promote the reaction between the material with hydration reaction activity in the concrete and water, and increase the reaction rate of the hydration reaction, so that more hydration products are generated in the same curing time, and higher strength is generated. At the age of 28d, the compressive strength of a hardened concrete test piece cured at room temperature is the highest and reaches 99MPa, and the possible reason is that under the room-temperature wet curing condition, the curing time is a period of relatively high room temperature and can reach more than 30 ℃, so that the temperature of the environment where the concrete test piece is located is relatively high, the formation of hydration products is accelerated, and other curing modes are in a constant-temperature curing box, the temperature is about 20 ℃, the temperature is relatively low, and the strength of the room-temperature wet curing is slightly higher than that of other curing modes. Compared with common concrete, the solid waste base high-performance concrete has relatively low water-cement ratio, so that the structure of the solid waste base high-performance concrete is more compact, the wet exchange with the environment is more difficult, the sensitivity to the environmental humidity is reduced, and the compressive strength of the solid waste base high-performance concrete test piece is not greatly different under different curing conditions in the later stage of hydration.
EXAMPLE 2 phase composition and Structure of composite cementitious Material Net-slurry hydration product
FIG. 11 is an XRD spectrum of the composite cementitious material paste samples cured for 3d, 7d and 28d, and the main mineral phases of the composite cementitious material paste samples are quartz, ettringite (AFt) and Ca (OH)2And C2And S. The diffraction peak of AFt is obvious after 3d of pouring, and the strength is continuously enhanced along with the prolonging of the curing time, which shows that the hydration reaction is obvious, and the cement clinker and the gypsum in the initial composite cementing material react to generate AFt. The broad "convex hull" background appears at 25 ° to 35 ° in the figure, indicating the presence of low crystallinity or amorphous C-S-H gels, etc., in the hardened slurry. The formation of C-S-H gel in the system is mainly C2S、C3Hydration and active silicon of STwo main ways of secondary volcanic ash activity reaction of the aluminum raw material are provided. At the initial stage of hydration, C in the composite cementing material2S and C3S generating hydration product Ca (OH)2And C-S-H gels. Due to C3The hydration rate of S is fast, the S reacts completely in the early stage of hydration through maintenance, and no diffraction peak appears in an XRD (X-ray diffraction) pattern. And C2The S hydration rate is relatively slow, so that diffraction peaks in the XRD pattern of 3d are clear and visible. With the progress of hydration reaction, C2The diffraction peak of S gradually decreased. Simultaneously, caO in the composite cementing material is hydrated to generate Ca (OH)2. Early generation of Ca (OH)2Low crystallinity, small size of grains, ca (OH)2The active particles in the system can react quickly, most of the active particles are consumed, but the active SiO in the ultra-fine particles and the nano particles which can react in the system can be used as the age of the system is prolonged2Decrease in Ca (OH)2Is generated at a rate higher than the rate at which it is consumed, resulting in Ca (OH)2Is accumulated. With the prolongation of hydration age, ca (OH)2Increased crystallinity, large particle size, and increased diffraction, resulting in a 28d Ca (OH)2The diffraction peak of (2) is enhanced. The study showed that Ca (OH)2The crystal grains grow, and volume expansion is also caused, so that the self-contraction of the concrete is inhibited.
FIG. 12 is a FT-IR comparison chart of composite gelled material pure slurry hydration 3d, 7d and 28, and it can be seen that the spectrums of samples in different ages are similar, and basically present the same characteristic absorption band, and each absorption peak is shifted to the direction of small wave number. The wave number in the figure is 459cm-1The absorption peak at (A) is attributed to bending vibration of Si-O bond, 795cm-1The left and right are vibration absorption peaks of quartz. Wave number 990cm-1The absorption peak of (A) is represented by [ SiO ]4]The characteristic peak of C-S-H is caused by the asymmetric vibration of Si-O in the structure. The wave number is 1427cm-1In absorption band of CO3 2-May be due to carbonization of the sample. Wave number of 1645cm-1The absorption band of (A) is attributed to the bending vibration of the O-H bond in water. Wave number of 3425cm-1The bands on the left and right are the stretching vibration bands of the structural water in the hydration product C-S-H gel, which shows that the age is increasedC-S-H gel is continuously generated. As can be seen from the figure, 3635cm reflecting the O-H stretching vibration-1The absorption peaks are not evident, since the hydroxyl groups in neither ettringite nor C-S-H gels are typical hydroxyl groups, they are not distinct boundaries with respect to hydrogen and molecular bonds in the crystal water and therefore would be 3425cm-1The water of crystallization peak is masked. However, since most of the water in AFt is water of crystallization, at 3425cm-1The absorption peak of the compound is overlapped with the absorption peak of the structural water of C-S-H, and the compound shows a stronger absorption peak. 1090cm-1The strong absorption band belongs to the asymmetrical stretching vibration of an S-O bond, the vibration peak of the vibration band is enhanced and sharpened along with the prolonging of the curing time, and the cured 3d sample is 1090cm-1Obvious absorption peaks exist, which shows that the hydration 3d has generated AFt, and a considerable amount of AFt is formed after the hydration 3d, so that the formation speed of AFt is quite high, which is consistent with the analysis result. 990cm-1And 1090cm-1The absorption peaks of (a) reflect the rapid coordinated growth of ettringite and C-S-H gel at each age, which is consistent with the disappearance of the gypsum diffraction peaks in the XRD pattern of FIG. 11.
FIG. 13 is a DTA-TG comparison of composite cement neat paste hydration 3d, 7d, 28. On the DTA-TG curves of fig. 13 (a), 13 (b), 13 (c), there are 3 endothermic peaks and 1 exothermic valleys in common in the following temperature range of 1000 ℃ or less: the endothermic peak at about 120 ℃ is the dehydration endothermic peak of C-S-H gel and ettringite in the hydration product; endothermic peak at about 450 ℃ corresponding to Ca (OH)2Decomposition of (2); the endothermic peak at about 695 ℃ is that the steel slag and the cement have beta-C which is not hydrated yet2S direction alpha-C2S is caused; the heat release valley at about 800 ℃ is C-S-H to form beta-wollastonite. In addition, the endothermic peak at 143.3 ℃ in the figure is due to gypsum (CaSO)4·2H2O) dehydration to hemihydrate gypsum (CaSO)4·0.5H2O), indicating that there is gypsum that has not hydrated when hydrated for 3 d.
From DTA-TG diagrams of the cementing material at different hydration times, the mass loss of the cementing material between 30 ℃ and 400 ℃ is respectively 6.23 percent, 7.33 percent and 8.49 percent, and the mass loss in the temperature interval is mainly caused by C-S-H gel and ettringite dehydration (a small amount of gypsum is also contained when the cementing material is hydrated for 3 d)) Indirectly reflect the contents of the two hydration products in different age periods. It can be seen that from 3d to 28d of hydration, the contents of two main hydration products, namely C-S-H gel and ettringite, are in an increasing trend, and the strength of the composite cementing material can be ensured to be increased. Most of the combined water of the C-S-H gel is decomposed and evaporated at the temperature of 100-400 ℃; AFt generated by hydration of Al, fe, S and the like also contains bound water, and the decomposition temperature is 100-400 ℃; ca (OH)2The temperature for decomposing and dehydrating is 400-550 ℃; if the slurry is carbonized, a part of CaCO exists at the temperature of 600-800 DEG C3And (5) decomposing. Therefore, the mass loss on the TG curve corresponding to the temperature between the starting point and the ending point of the endothermic peak between 400 ℃ and 550 ℃ (the intersection point of tangents on both sides of the inflection point) on the DTA curve is represented as Ca (OH)2The mass of the decomposed water is converted to obtain Ca (OH)2Content (in percent).
FIG. 14 is SEM photographs of composite cement paste at 1d, 3d, 7d and 28d. The main hydration products of the cured samples are a large amount of low-crystallinity or amorphous C-S-H gel and a small amount of fibrous hydration product AFt, which indicates that the 12H sample has undergone a certain degree of hydration reaction. The composite gelled material calcium ions and aluminate ions react with gypsum in alkaline solution to generate AFt, which is beneficial to obtaining higher structural strength of a gelled hardened body, and the self-expansion performance of the AFt can inhibit the self-contraction of partial concrete. As can be seen from FIG. 14 (b), a large amount of C-S-H gel and overlapped acicular AFt are generated in the 3d hydrated slurry, and the C-S-H gel and the AFt form a spatial network structure together, so that the test block can obtain certain early strength. Compared with the figure 14 (a), the compactness of the gel system is obviously improved, the compactness of the C-S-H gel system is improved, and the surface part of the particle which does not participate in the reaction and is larger is wrapped by the hydration product. In the hardened slurry diagram (C) aged 7d, a large number of needle-shaped AFt crystals with better crystal forms are further increased, are mutually staggered and are inserted among the C-S-H gels, gaps among large particles are reduced, the compactness of a sample is further improved, in the hardened slurry diagram (d) aged 28d, the AFt crystals are completely wrapped and cemented by the gels, and with the large amount of generated hydration products, the C-S-H gels are continuously generated in the hydration process and are filled into the gaps, so that the large gaps are reduced, and the slurry structure becomes more compact. Larger particles of steel slag are also almost wrapped in the hydrated product and are cemented into a whole, thereby improving the mechanical property of the hardened slurry.
In conclusion, the invention utilizes the synergistic effect of industrial solid waste, agricultural solid waste, marine solid waste and building solid waste to obtain the solid waste base high-performance concrete, and realizes the high value-added utilization of waste resources. The Fe grade in the high-intensity magnetic separation recovered metal fine selection powder can reach 65-72%, and the iron-making requirement of the steel industry is met. The Fe grade in the metal fine selection powder of the product after high-temperature calcination can reach 85-95%, and the Fe recovery rate is 90-97%. The invention has great environmental protection value and economic benefit.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing solid waste base high-performance concrete from tailings after multi-element solid waste iron separation comprises the following steps:
s1, stainless steel slag pretreatment: putting 10-20 mm particles of undisturbed stainless steel slag into a carbonization box for carbonization for 72-120 h, then putting the carbonized stainless steel slag into a drying box at 100 ℃ for blast drying to constant weight, then crushing the stainless steel slag into particles with the particle size of 1-3 mm by a jaw crusher, and then putting the particles into a ball mill for grinding until the specific surface area is 200-300m2/kg；
S2, steel slag pretreatment: crushing the steel slag into particles of 1-3 mm by a jaw crusher, putting the steel slag into a carbonization box for carbonization for 40-56 h, drying the carbonized steel slag at 100 ℃ for 12h, and then putting the steel slag into a ball mill for grinding until the specific surface area is 100-200 m2/kg；
S3, strong magnetic separation: uniformly mixing stainless steel slag and steel slag according to a ratio of 2-4;
s4, pretreatment of a carbonaceous raw material:
(1) Coal slime pretreatment: stacking and airing the coal slime to ensure that the water content of the coal slime is less than 15-25%, then drying the coal slime at 100 ℃, cooling the coal slime in dry air, and dispersing the coal slime by adopting a planetary ball mill to ensure that the specific surface area of the material reaches 250-350 m2/kg；
(2) Pretreating waste coconut shells; washing coconut shells, removing surface impurities such as sand and stone, stacking the coconut shells in the shade, drying, placing the crushed coconut shells into a 70 ℃ drying box, drying by air until the weight is constant, and crushing the coconut shells into particles with the particle size of 1-2 mm by a crusher;
(3) Uniformly mixing the pretreated coal slime and coconut shells according to the mass ratio of 1-4;
s5, pretreatment of a calcareous raw material:
(1) Pretreating the calcium silicate slag: firstly, screening the calcium silicate slag, screening out organic impurities in the calcium silicate slag, and then placing the calcium silicate slag in an electrothermal drying oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 12 hours for later use;
(2) Pretreatment of waste shells: screening waste shells, screening to remove impurities in the waste shells, cleaning the waste shells, drying in the air, placing the dried waste shells in an electric heating drying box at 100 ℃ for drying for 12 hours, and crushing the dried waste shells to 1-3 cm in a jaw crusher for later use;
(3) Mixing the pretreated calcium silicate slag and the waste shells according to the proportion of 1-4: heating the mixture from room temperature to 300 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, and then, keeping the temperature for 30min; then raising the temperature from 300 ℃ to 800-900 ℃, wherein the temperature raising rate is 4 ℃/min, and then preserving the heat for 60-120 min; after the calcination is finished, taking out the sample when the temperature is cooled to 100 ℃ by air blast; then placing the sample cooled to room temperature into a cement ball mill, and grinding the sample until the specific surface area is 350-500 m2Per kg, obtaining a calcareous raw material for later use;
s6, pretreatment of a silicon-aluminum raw material:
(1) Pretreatment of waste wind power blades: cutting the waste wind power blades into blocks, putting the blocks into a crusher to crush the blocks into particles with the particle size of 1-3 mm, and drying the particles for later use;
(2) Coal ash pretreatment: screening and separating organic matters in the fly ash, removing surface impurities, and then placing the fly ash into a drying oven at 70 ℃ for drying to constant weight for later use;
(3) Placing the dried waste wind power blade particles and the fly ash into a cement ball mill with the rotating speed of 48r/min according to the mass ratio of 1-42Per kg, obtaining a silicon-aluminum raw material;
s7, press forming: placing the carbonaceous raw material in the powder 1, the carbonaceous raw material in S4, the calcareous raw material in S5 and the silicon-aluminum raw material in S6 into a planetary mill according to the mass ratio of 35-45; adding water accounting for 8-10% of the mass of the obtained dry material mixture, uniformly mixing, putting into a die, and pressing into pellets with the diameter of phi 30mm multiplied by 20mm by a hydraulic press; placing the pellets in an electric heating drying oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 20-40 min at constant temperature;
s8, high-temperature calcination: and (4) putting the pellets subjected to the compression molding in the step S7 into a corundum crucible with a cover, and placing the corundum crucible into a muffle furnace for high-temperature calcination, wherein the calcination system is as follows: heating from room temperature to 800 deg.C at a heating rate of 0.5 deg.C/min, and maintaining for 20min; then raising the temperature from 800 ℃ to 1200-1300 ℃, wherein the temperature raising rate is 3.5 ℃/min, and then preserving the heat for 30-120 min; after the calcination is finished, the temperature is reduced to 1000-1100 ℃, the sample is taken out, and the taken sample is quenched to room temperature by water quenching;
s9, wet beneficiation: crushing the high-temperature calcined product in the step S8 to particles of 1-3 mm by using a jaw crusher, wet-milling by using an RK/BK type three-roll four-cylinder rod mill, performing wet separation in a low-intensity magnetic field magnetic separation tube to obtain metal fine separation powder 2 and tailings modified powder, placing the dried products of the metal fine separation powder 2 and tailings modified dry powder into a cement ball mill with the rotating speed of 48r/min, and grinding until the specific surface area is 500-700 m2Per kg, to obtain powder 2;
s10, pretreating powder 3:
(1) Pretreatment of vanadium tailings: screening the vanadium tailings, screening out organic impurities in the vanadium tailings, and then placing the vanadium tailings in an air-blast drying oven to dry the vanadium tailings to constant weight;
(2) Waste stone powder pretreatment: putting the waste stone powder into a drying oven at 100 ℃ for blast drying until the water content is less than 1%;
(3) Putting the dried vanadium tailings and the waste stone powder into a planetary mill according to the mass ratio of 1-4 to 1-4, uniformly mixing, and then putting into a muffle furnace for calcining, wherein the calcining system is as follows: heating from room temperature to 300 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, and then keeping the temperature for 25min; then raising the temperature from 300 ℃ to 750-900 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and then preserving the heat for 50-100 min; after the calcination is finished, taking out the sample when the blast cooling is carried out to the room temperature, then putting the powder cooled to the room temperature into a ball mill, and grinding the powder to the specific surface area of 400-600 m2Per kg, powder 3 is obtained;
s11, pretreatment of the composite gypsum: respectively scattering fluorgypsum and citric acid gypsum, then placing the fluorgypsum and the citric acid gypsum into a 50-70 ℃ blast drying oven for drying for 48-60 h, uniformly mixing the dried fluorgypsum and the citric acid gypsum according to the mass ratio of 1-42Per kg, to give powder 4;
s12, cement clinker pretreatment: placing the cement clinker into a jaw crusher, crushing the cement clinker into particles with the particle size of 1-3 mm, drying the crushed cement clinker for 12 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃, and then placing the dried cement clinker into a cement ball mill with the rotating speed of 42r/min for grinding until the specific surface area is 300-400 m2/kg；
S13, pretreating powder 5: mixing the powder 2 obtained in the step S9, the powder 3 in the step S10, the powder 4 in the step S11 and the cement clinker in the step S12 according to the mass ratio of 60-75 percent, 10-15 percent and 5-15 percent to obtain composite cementing material powder 5;
s14, granite waste stone pretreatment: carrying out jaw crushing, shaping and screening on the granite waste stone to obtain waste stone particles with the particle sizes of more than 20mm, 5-20 mm, 0.15-4.75 mm and less than 150 mu m, wherein the granite waste stone with the particle size of 5-20 mm is used as a coarse aggregate, and the granite waste stone powder with the particle size of 0.15-4.75 mm is used as a fine aggregate;
s15, bagasse pretreatment: putting the bagasse into a 50-70 ℃ forced air drying oven to dry to constant weight, and then cutting the bagasse into bagasse with the length of 1-3 mm; mixing 10% kerosene and 98% concentrated sulfuric acid uniformly according to the volume ratio of 2:1 to obtain a mixed solution, adding 20-40% of cane sugar residues in the mass of the mixed solution at 40-65 ℃ to stir, then cooling to room temperature to separate out a solvent, neutralizing with 20-35% of sodium hydroxide solution, filtering, carrying out suction filtration on a filtrate, adding 80% of aminosulfonic acid-aromatic aminosulfonic acid polymer in mass ratio into the filtrate, and stirring for 30-60 min to obtain a 30-50% bagasse solution;
s16, pretreatment of bean curd wastewater: refrigerating the bean curd wastewater at the temperature of 1-6 ℃, adding steel slag with the particle size of 1.18-4.75 mm into the bean curd wastewater for flocculation treatment for not less than 3 hours, and filtering to obtain filtrate;
s17, preparing a water reducing agent: mixing the bagasse solution after pretreatment in S15 with the bean curd wastewater filtrate in S16 according to a volume ratio of 1;
s18, preparing glutinous rice mixed slurry: cleaning and drying glutinous rice, processing the dried glutinous rice into the grain size of 0.16-0.212 mm by a grinder, uniformly mixing the glutinous rice powder in distilled water, slowly pouring the mixture into the distilled water heated to 100 ℃, uniformly stirring, decocting with slow fire for 4-4.5 h, keeping the concentration of glutinous rice pulp at 5-10% during the decoction, and then pressing the glutinous rice pulp and water by 5-15%: 85-95% of the glutinous rice mixed pulp is obtained;
s19, preparing solid waste base high-performance concrete: respectively mixing the powder 5 in the S13, the coarse aggregate in the S14 and the fine aggregate in the S14 according to a mass ratio of 560-820 to 1150-1400; adding a water reducing agent accounting for 0.1-0.3 percent of the powder material by mass 5, uniformly stirring by a stirrer, and then adding Ca (NO) accounting for 0.1-0.3 percent of the powder material by mass 53)2And (3) stirring the admixture for 30-50 s, and finally pouring, demolding and maintaining the mixed slurry to obtain the solid waste base high-performance concrete product.
2. The method for preparing the solid waste base high-performance concrete according to claim 1, wherein the carbonization conditions in the steps S1 and S2 are as follows: CO 22The concentration is 15-30%, the temperature is 19 +/-1 ℃, and the humidity is 84% +/-1.
3. The method for preparing the solid waste base high-performance concrete according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the magnetic separation intensity of the magnetic separator is 1-3T, and the rotating speed of the magnetic separator is 10-30 r/min.
4. The method for preparing the solid waste base high-performance concrete according to claim 1, wherein in the step S7, the pressure for press forming is 15-25 MPa.
5. The method for preparing the solid waste based high-performance concrete according to claim 1, wherein the stainless steel slag of the step S1 comprises the following main chemical components in percentage by weight: al (Al)2O3 5～10％，SiO2 16～20％，CaO 9～48％，MgO 2～8％，Fe2O3 27％～31％，MnO 1～6％，Cr2O3 4～10％；
The main chemical composition of the steel slag in the step S2 is as follows: siO 22 10～20％，Al2O3 1～7％，Fe2O3 2～33％，MgO 3～12％，CaO 30～50％，FeO3～15％，Na2O 0.01～3％，K2O 0.01～3％，SO3 0.26％，P2O5 1～6％。
6. The method for preparing the solid waste base high-performance concrete according to claim 1, wherein the coal slurry in the step S4 comprises the following main components in percentage by weight: siO 22 35～60％，Al2O3 15～35％，Fe2O3 5～15％，FeO 0.1～4％，MgO 0.1～4％，CaO 1～10％，K2O 0.01～2％，SO30.1-4%, loss on ignition 15-25%, and heat value 2000-3000 kJ/kg; the coconut shell mainly comprises lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose, and the chemical composition and industrial analysis of the coconut shell are as follows: 40 to 60 percent of C, 5 to 8 percent of H, 30 to 45 percent of O, 0.01 to 0.20 percent of N, 13 to 20 percent of water, 0.3 to 1.8 percent of ash, 65 to 80 percent of volatile component and 15 to 20 percent of fixed carbon.
7. The method for preparing the solid waste base high-performance concrete according to claim 1, wherein the fluorine gypsum in the S5 comprises the following main components in percentage by weight: 32 to 40 percent of CaO and SiO2 0.1～5％，Al2O3 0.1～3％，MgO 0.1～1％，SO3 35～55％，CaF22 to 7 percent. The main chemical composition of the calcium silicate slag in the step S5 is as follows: siO 22 20～35％，Al2O35～20％，Fe2O32-4%, mgO 1-3%, caO 40-50%; the main mineral phases of the waste shells are calcite and aragonite, and the main chemical components and contents are as follows: caCO3 80～90％，MgCO3 1～8％，Ca3(PO4)2 0.01～2％，SiO20.01～2.5％，Al2O3+CaO+Fe2O30.01-2% and loss on ignition 1-10%; the main components and contents of the fly ash in the step S6 are as follows: siO 22 33～60％，Al2O3 16～35％，Fe2O 1.5～20％，CaO 0.8～10.4％，MgO 0.7～1.9％。
8. The method for preparing the solid waste base high-performance concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in the step S9, the solid waste base high-performance concrete is ground by a wet method until the grain size is-0.074 mm, and the grain size is 90-95% or more, and the strength of the magnetic separation device of the low-intensity magnetic separation tube is 1600-1800 Oe.
9. The method for preparing the solid waste based high-performance concrete according to claim 8, wherein the main mineral phases of the vanadium tailings in the step S10 are orthoclase, quartz, pyrite and anhydrite, and the main chemical components and contents are as follows: siO 2255％～75％；Al2O3 1％～13％；Fe2O3+FeO 3％～16％；P2O5 0.01％～5％；MgO 0.1％～7％；CaO 15％～25％；K2O 0.1％～1％；Na2O 0.1％～1％；TiO20.01 to 0.3 percent; mnO 0.01-0.8%; the ignition loss is 0.1 to 5 percent, and the others are 0.01 to 2.5 percent; in the step S10The main mineral phases of the waste stone powder are calcite and quartz, and the main chemical components and contents are as follows: siO 22 5～25％，Al2O3 3～10％，CaO 55～80％，Fe2O30.1～5％，MgO 2～6％，K2O 0.01～1％，Na20.01 to 1 percent of O and 15 to 35 percent of ignition loss; the powder 3 prepared in the step S10 has the effective CaO content of 68-72%, the MgO content of less than 3%, the digestion temperature of 66-70 ℃, the digestion time of 10-14min and the screen residue of a 0.08 square-hole sieve of 9-13%, and meets the requirements of ASTM C5-2010 standard specification of quicklime for buildings.
10. The method for preparing the solid waste base high-performance concrete according to claim 9, wherein the main chemical components and contents of the fluorgypsum in the step S11 are as follows: 35 to 40 percent of CaO and SiO2 0.2～6％，Al2O3 0.2～4％，MgO 0.1～1％，SO3 35～50％，CaF22 to 8 percent; the main chemical components and contents of the citric acid gypsum in the step S11 are as follows: 32 to 40 percent of CaO and SiO2 0.1～5％，Al2O3 0.1～3％，MgO 0.1～1％，SO3 35～55％，CaF2 2～7％。K2O 0.01～1％，P2O5 0.01～1％。
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