CN115255382A - 3D printing conformal sintering supporting method and device thereof - Google Patents

3D printing conformal sintering supporting method and device thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115255382A
CN115255382A CN202210884851.1A CN202210884851A CN115255382A CN 115255382 A CN115255382 A CN 115255382A CN 202210884851 A CN202210884851 A CN 202210884851A CN 115255382 A CN115255382 A CN 115255382A
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printing
isolation
sintering
powder
area
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钟伟
段满堂
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Priority to CN202210884851.1A priority Critical patent/CN115255382A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2022/129059 priority patent/WO2024021352A1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10Formation of a green body
    • B22F10/14Formation of a green body by jetting of binder onto a bed of metal powder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/40Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

Abstract

The utility model relates to a 3D prints technical field, especially, relate to a 3D prints shape-following sintering supporting method and device, including towards the isolation of the interior injection barrier film of shaping workstation and beat printer head, in carrying out the part printing process, the isolation is beaten printer head and is jetted the barrier film towards the support area of alloy powder top, the isolation layer is printed the back with the same material of part and is made up and form the required bearing structure of target part in this position, because bearing structure prints at the part in-process, be convenient for control bearing structure's best position and size, this application has the effect that improves the part and prints the precision.

Description

3D printing conformal sintering supporting method and device thereof
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of sintering and curing after 3D printing and forming, in particular to a 3D printing shape-following sintering supporting method and device.
Background
3D printing (3 DP), a technique for constructing objects by layer-by-layer printing using bondable materials such as powdered metals or plastics based on digital model files, is one of the rapid prototyping techniques, also known as additive manufacturing.
BJ (binder injection molding) is also called binder injection molding technology, which is an additive manufacturing technology for molding powder by injecting binder. Referring to fig. 1, in the related art, an apparatus for printing by using a binder injection molding technology includes a molding workbench 001, a feeding workbench 002, an inkjet printing head 003 and a leveling roller 004, wherein the molding workbench 001 is internally provided with a lifting platform 005, when a part is printed, alloy powder is fully spread in the molding workbench 001 and the feeding workbench 002, the inkjet printing head 003 injects the binder into the powder, in the process of injecting the binder by the inkjet printing head 003, the lifting platform 002 drives the powder injected with the binder to move down, the leveling roller 004 pushes the alloy powder in the feeding workbench 002 into the molding workbench 001 and flattens the powder, and the alloy powder on the upper layer and the alloy powder on the lower layer are bonded by the binder. The ink jet head 003 continues to spray the binder to the alloy powder so that the alloy powder is bonded layer by layer.
When the special-shaped parts are formed by adopting the binder injection molding technology, a support body needs to be manufactured according to the shapes of the parts to support the reinforcing ribs of the parts, and a ceramic block is usually adopted as the support body in the related technology.
In view of the above-mentioned related art, the inventors believe that the precision of the ceramic block affects the printing precision of the part, and the ceramic block is difficult to process and has a long processing period. And the ceramic block is processed by adopting a sintering process, and after the ceramic block is cooled, the ceramic block can shrink and deform, so that the size change and the precision of the ceramic block are reduced, and the matching precision and the printing precision of the part are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the printing precision of parts, the application provides a 3D printing conformal sintering supporting method and a device thereof.
The application provides a 3D printing conformal sintering supporting method and a device thereof, which adopt the following technical scheme:
A3D printing conformal sintering supporting method comprises the following steps:
s1: manufacturing a three-dimensional model according to a part, inputting the three-dimensional model into a 3D printing device, determining a moving path for isolating a printing head (1) and an ink-jet printing head (003) according to the three-dimensional model, dividing a part to be printed of the part in a forming workbench (001) into a printing area, dividing a part to be supported of the part in the forming workbench (001) into a supporting area, and forming an isolating area between the supporting area and the printing area;
s2: an ink jet print head (003) sprays an adhesive toward a print area;
s3, the lifting platform drives the powder of the forming workbench (001) to descend, the leveling roller (004) pushes the alloy powder in the feeding workbench (002) into the forming workbench (001), and the upper layer powder and the lower layer powder are bonded through a bonding agent;
s4: repeating S2 to S3 until the isolated area is printed;
s5: the isolation printing head (1) sprays an isolation film towards an isolation area above the alloy powder;
s6: an ink jet print head (003) sprays an adhesive toward the print area and the support area;
s7: repeating S3, S5 and S6 until the support structure is printed;
s8: and repeating S2 and S3 until the printing of the part is completed.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, at the in-process of printing the part, the inkjet is beaten printer head and is sprayed the binder through the alloy powder to printing the region, bond the metal powder successive layer, after printing the support region, the isolation is beaten printer head and is sprayed the barrier film towards the support region, the barrier film is located the upper and lower both sides of bearing structure and makes bearing structure can not adhere with printing the part mutually, be convenient for follow-up bearing structure and the separation of part, bearing structure supports the part that the part needs to support, because bearing structure is printing the part in-process, be convenient for control the size of isolation layer, can improve the cooperation precision of bearing structure and part, can improve the printing precision of part.
Preferably, the release film in S5 includes a binder and a release material with high resistance to sintering adhesion mixed with each other.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the binder bonds isolation material for the isolation layer sprays in the isolation region more easily, and the isolation effect of barrier film can be guaranteed to the isolation material of high sintering adhesion of preventing, makes the part be difficult for appearing the adhesion with bearing structure, the separation of being convenient for.
Preferably, the release film in S5 comprises a release material with high resistance to sintering blocking.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the isolation material of high sintering adhesion of preventing can guarantee the isolation effect of barrier film.
Preferably, the isolation material is ceramic powder or refractory metal powder.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, ceramic powder and refractory metal powder's intensity is higher, and the intensity that forms bearing structure has higher intensity, can satisfy the supporting effect to the part, and ceramic powder and refractory metal powder's melting point is higher, and stable in structure is difficult for producing the heat altered shape for ceramic powder and refractory metal powder are difficult for producing the adhesion with the surface of part.
Preferably, the refractory metal powder is one or more of tungsten, molybdenum and vanadium.
By adopting the technical scheme, tungsten, molybdenum and vanadium have the characteristics of high melting point and high strength, so that the formed supporting structure is not easy to generate thermal deformation and adhesion with parts, and the isolation effect is good; the size of the supporting structure is stable, and enough structural strength can be met.
Preferably, in step S5, the isolation print head (1) sprays an isolation film formed by mixing a binder and ceramic powder/refractory metal powder into a paste onto the isolation region.
By adopting the technical scheme, the prepared paste isolating membrane is easy to attach to the supporting area.
Preferably, in step S5, the isolation print head (1) sprays ceramic powder/refractory metal powder onto the isolation region to form a powdered isolation film, and the inkjet print head (003) sprays an adhesive toward a surface of the powdered isolation film near the support region.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, powdered barrier film separates part and bearing structure, and the binder makes powdered barrier film adhere to bearing structure, reduces the possibility that powdered barrier film breaks away from appearing in the isolation process, guarantees to keep apart the effect.
Preferably, the insulating material is submicron/micron/several tens micron powder ceramic powder or refractory metal powder.
By adopting the technical scheme, the submicron/micron/dozens of micron-sized small-particle powder material is convenient to bond and fix, meanwhile, the smoothness of the surface of the isolation film formed after the submicron/micron/dozens of micron-sized powder is bonded is higher, and the contact part of the supporting structure and the part is smoother, so that the smoothness of the surface of the printed part can be improved, and the printing precision of the part is improved.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
s9: and moving the printed part into a sintering furnace for sintering, and separating the support structure from the part after the part is sintered.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, print the part and form the part of high density after the sintering, bearing structure prints the part to incomplete shaping in part sintering process and supports to obtain the higher part of precision, because bearing structure is the same with the material of printing the part, shrinkage factor in sintering process between them keeps unanimous, can guarantee the cooperation effect of bearing structure and part, thereby can improve the precision of part.
A3D printing conformal sintering supporting device comprises an isolation printing head which sprays an isolation film towards the inside of a forming workbench.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when printing the part, keep apart the printing head and need the position department injection barrier film that supports to the part, the barrier film makes and does not produce the bonding between part and the bearing structure, and bearing structure supports the back to the part, the bearing structure of being convenient for and the separation of supporting the part.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. in the process of printing the part, the ink-jet printing head sprays the binder to the alloy powder in the printing area to bond the metal powder layer by layer, after the part is printed in the supporting area, the isolation printing head sprays the isolation films towards the supporting area, the isolation films are positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the supporting structure to ensure that the supporting structure cannot be adhered to the printed part, so that the subsequent supporting structure is conveniently separated from the part, and the supporting structure supports the part of the part needing to be supported;
2. because the materials of the supporting structure and the printing part are the same, the shrinkage rates of the supporting structure and the printing part in the sintering process are kept consistent, the matching effect of the supporting structure and the printing part can be ensured, and the precision of the printing part can be improved;
3. by selecting the ceramic powder or the metal powder with submicron/micron/dozens of microns, the surface of the supporting structure formed by the ceramic powder and the metal powder is smooth due to small powder particles, so that the part of the part contacting the supporting structure can be ensured to have better smoothness, and the printing precision of the part can be improved while the supporting structure supports the part;
4. by selecting tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium and other isolation materials with high melting points and high strength, the formed supporting structure has high stability, and meanwhile, the supporting structure is not easy to generate thermal deformation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a structure of an apparatus for printing using a binder injection molding technique in the related art;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the present embodiment embodying a 3D printing method;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a 3D printing conformal sintering support device according to the present embodiment.
Reference numerals: 001. a forming workbench; 002. a feeding work table; 003. an ink jet print head; 004. a leveling roller; 1. the print head is isolated.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 2-3.
The embodiment of the application discloses a 3D printing conformal sintering supporting method and a device thereof.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, a 3D printing conformal sintering supporting method includes the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the steps of manufacturing a three-dimensional model according to a part, inputting the three-dimensional model into a 3D printing device, determining a moving path for isolating a printing head 1 and an ink-jet printing head 003 according to the three-dimensional model, dividing a part, needing to be printed, of the part in a forming workbench 001 into a printing area, dividing a part, needing to be supported, of the part in the forming workbench 001 into a supporting area, and forming an isolation area between the supporting area and the printing area.
The support area, the printing area and the isolation area are not specific areas, and the specific areas need to be specifically divided according to the shapes of specific parts.
S2: the ink jet print head 003 sprays the adhesive toward the print area.
In the present embodiment, the adhesive sprayed by the inkjet print head 003 is a ceramic adhesive. Ceramic binders are classified into ceramic organic binders for binding ceramic materials, ceramic inorganic binders, and ceramic metal powder binders for binding metal materials according to their uses. The ceramic binder has better binding effect aiming at different materials. However, the binder is not limited to ceramic binder, and other binders having good binding effect may be used.
And S3, the lifting platform drives the powder of the forming workbench 001 to descend, the leveling roller 004 pushes the alloy powder in the feeding workbench 002 into the forming workbench 001, and the upper layer powder and the lower layer powder are bonded through a binder.
S4: and repeating the steps from S2 to S3 until the isolated area is printed.
S5: the isolation print head 1 ejects an isolation film toward an isolation region above the alloy powder.
S6: the ink jet print head 003 sprays an adhesive toward the print area and the support area.
S7: repeating S3, S5 and S6 until the support structure printing is completed.
The barrier film is including having the barrier material of high structural strength and high advantages such as prevent sintering adhesion, and the barrier material chooses for use ceramic powder or refractory metal powder that do not produce the reaction with the printing part substrate, and ceramic powder and refractory metal powder all can form the higher bearing structure of structural strength after solidifying, can satisfy the supporting effect to the printing part.
When the isolation film is sprayed, the ceramic binder and the ceramic powder/refractory metal powder may be mixed in advance into a paste, and the paste isolation film is sprayed on the isolation region via the isolation print head 1, so that the paste isolation film is more easily attached to the surface of the alloy powder. Because the ceramic binder and the ceramic powder/refractory metal powder are pre-mixed, the resulting support structure is relatively strong.
When the isolating membrane is sprayed, the isolating printing head 1 can be used for directly spraying powdered ceramic powder/refractory metal powder on the isolating area, the ink-jet printing head 003 is used for spraying a binder towards the surface of the ceramic powder/refractory metal powder close to the supporting area, the binding of the powdered ceramic powder/refractory metal isolating membrane on the supporting structure is realized through the binder, the possibility of separation of the powdered ceramic powder/refractory metal isolating membrane in the isolating process is reduced, and the isolating effect is ensured.
In this embodiment, the ceramic powder/refractory metal powder may be selected from powders of different thicknesses, and when the smoothness requirement of the supported portion of the component is high, the ceramic powder/refractory metal powder is a submicron/micron/tens of micron powder particle, so that the ceramic powder/refractory metal powder is easily bonded with the binder. Since the powder particles of submicron/micron/several tens of micron are small, the surface of the formed separator is smooth. When the supporting structure supports the printed part, the contact part of the isolating membrane and the part is smooth, so that the surface of the supporting part of the part supported by the supporting structure has higher smoothness, and the printing precision of the part can be improved.
When the isolation material is refractory metal powder, the metal powder is one or more of tungsten, molybdenum and vanadium, the metals have the characteristics of high melting point and high strength, the supporting structure formed after the metals are solidified has higher structural strength, and the supporting structure formed is not easy to generate thermal deformation due to the higher melting point of the metals, so that the matching precision of the supporting structure and a printed part can be improved, and the printing precision of the part can be improved.
When the supporting mechanism is printed, the supporting structure and the part are printed in the same process, the raw materials selected for the supporting structure and the part are the same, and the physical properties of the supporting mechanism, such as hardness, melting point and the like, of the part are kept consistent.
S8: and repeating S2 and S3 until the printing of the part is completed.
S9: and moving the printed part into a sintering furnace for sintering, and separating the support structure from the part after the part is sintered.
The parts can be sintered to obtain parts with high density. The supporting structure always supports the part in the sintering process of the part because the part can generate thermal deformation in the sintering process, so that the part is not easy to generate thermal deformation, and a high-precision part can be obtained.
Because the materials of the supporting structure and the parts are the same, the shrinkage rates of the supporting structure and the parts in the sintering process are kept consistent, so that the supporting structure and the parts have higher matching precision in the sintering and heating process, and the precision of the parts can be ensured. Meanwhile, the isolating film is made of a high-melting-point material, so that the isolating film is not easy to generate thermal deformation in the heating process, and the isolation stability is ensured. Because the shrinkage rates of the supporting structure and the part are similar, the part and the supporting structure can be conveniently separated after the part is sintered.
Referring to fig. 3, a 3D printing conformal sintering support device includes an isolation printing head 1 moving above a forming table 001. The isolation print head 1 can spray an isolation film on the surface of the alloy powder in the molding table 001. When the part is printed, the isolation printing head 1 is sprayed with an isolation film towards the part to be supported by the part, and the isolation film printed by the isolation printing head 1 is convenient to separate the support structure and the part.
When having some strengthening ribs that the structure is comparatively complicated on printing the part, and the strengthening rib is difficult to direct attach to the part, thereby needs bearing structure to support the part and can guarantee the printing precision of part.
According to different structures of the printed parts, the supporting structure can be an integrated structure or a split structure. When the part structure is simpler, only a whole isolation structure needs to be printed to support the printed part.
When the structure of printing the part is comparatively complicated, if adopt integrative bearing structure to support, bearing structure's shape also can be comparatively complicated, and bearing structure is difficult for printing. Print a plurality of bearing structure and support a plurality of parts that need support of part respectively, when bearing structure is the components of a whole that can function independently structure, every bearing structure's the printing degree of difficulty reduces, also can guarantee every bearing structure's printing precision simultaneously, can make bearing structure and print and have better cooperation precision between the part, can improve the printing precision of part promptly. The isolation print head 1 sprays an isolation film toward the connection grooves of the plurality of support structures and the part so that the support structures are isolated from the part.
The implementation principle of the 3D printing conformal sintering supporting device is as follows: when printing the part, the inkjet printer head 003 spraying binder in forming table 001, the elevating platform drives the powder decline of forming table 001, and in leveling roller 004 pushed the alloy powder in the feed table 002 to forming table 001, upper powder and lower floor's powder passed through the binder and realized the bonding, carry out the successive layer to the part and print.
In the process of printing the part, the isolation printing head 1 sprays an isolation film at the position of the part needing to be supported, the support structure is printed by adopting the same process as the part printing, and the isolation film separates the support structure and the part. The supporting structure is printed in the process of printing the part, so that the size of the supporting structure is convenient to control, the matching precision of the supporting structure and the part can be improved, the printing precision of the part is improved, the part is supported by the supporting structure in the subsequent sintering process of the part, the possibility of thermal deformation of the part is reduced, the precision of the part is improved, and the part and the supporting structure are separated after sintering.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A3D printing conformal sintering supporting method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: manufacturing a three-dimensional model according to a part, inputting the three-dimensional model into a 3D printing device, determining a moving path for isolating a printing head (1) and an ink-jet printing head (003) according to the three-dimensional model, dividing a part to be printed of the part in a forming workbench (001) into a printing area, dividing a part to be supported of the part in the forming workbench (001) into a supporting area, and forming an isolating area between the supporting area and the printing area;
s2: an ink jet print head (003) sprays an adhesive toward a print area;
s3, the lifting platform drives the powder of the forming workbench (001) to descend, the leveling roller (004) pushes the alloy powder in the feeding workbench (002) into the forming workbench (001), and the upper layer powder and the lower layer powder are bonded through a bonding agent;
s4: repeating S2 to S3 until the isolated area is printed;
s5: the isolation printing head (1) sprays an isolation film towards an isolation area above the alloy powder;
s6: an ink jet print head (003) sprays an adhesive toward the print area and the support area;
s7: repeating S3, S5 and S6 until the support structure is printed;
s8: and repeating S2 and S3 until the printing of the part is completed.
2. The 3D printing conformal sintering support method according to claim 1, wherein: the release film in S5 includes a binder and a release material with high resistance to sintering adhesion mixed with each other.
3. The 3D printing conformal sintering support method according to claim 1, wherein: the isolation film in S5 comprises an isolation material with high sintering adhesion resistance.
4. The 3D printing conformal sintering support method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: the isolation material is ceramic powder or refractory metal powder.
5. The 3D printing conformal sintering support method according to claim 4, wherein: the refractory metal powder is one or more of tungsten, molybdenum and vanadium.
6. The 3D printing conformal sintering support method according to claim 4, wherein: in the step S5, the isolation printing head (1) sprays the isolation film formed by mixing the adhesive and the ceramic powder/refractory metal powder into a paste shape to the isolation area.
7. The 3D printing conformal sintering support method according to claim 4, wherein: in the step S5, the isolation printing head (1) sprays ceramic powder/refractory metal powder to the isolation region to form a powdery isolation film, and the ink jet printing head (003) sprays adhesive toward the surface of the powdery isolation film close to the support region.
8. The 3D printing conformal sintering support method according to claim 4, wherein: the isolating material is submicron/micron/dozens of micron powder ceramic powder or refractory metal powder.
9. The 3D printing conformal sintering support method according to claim 1, wherein: also comprises the following steps:
s9: and moving the printed part into a sintering furnace for sintering, and separating the support structure from the part after the part is sintered.
10. A 3D printing conformal sintering support device, which is suitable for the 3D printing conformal sintering support method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and is characterized in that: comprises an isolation print head (1) for ejecting an isolation film into a forming table (001).
CN202210884851.1A 2022-07-25 2022-07-25 3D printing conformal sintering supporting method and device thereof Pending CN115255382A (en)

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PCT/CN2022/129059 WO2024021352A1 (en) 2022-07-25 2022-11-01 3d printing conformal sintering supporting method and device

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