CN115249236B - Automatic calculation method for aortic valve leaflet length - Google Patents
Automatic calculation method for aortic valve leaflet length Download PDFInfo
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- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
- G06T7/0012—Biomedical image inspection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
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- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30004—Biomedical image processing
- G06T2207/30048—Heart; Cardiac
Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic calculation method of aortic valve leaflet length, comprising the following steps: extracting the valve leaflet structure of the aortic valve and the sinus bottom coordinates of three sinuses based on three-dimensional medical image segmentation; performing surface fitting on the aortic valve leaflet structure; the leaflet length path of the aortic valve is extracted and the leaflet length is calculated. By applying the technical scheme of the invention, the time required by a doctor for evaluating the coronary artery blockage risk before TAVR operation can be effectively reduced, the accuracy of measuring the length of the valve leaflet can be ensured, and the success rate of preventing the coronary artery blockage can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical image processing, and particularly relates to an automatic calculation method of aortic valve leaflet length.
Background
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement, TAVR) is a minimally invasive valve replacement procedure that delivers a prosthetic heart valve to the aortic valve site via interventional catheter techniques, thereby completing prosthetic valve implantation and restoring valve function.
Since the first global example of catheter aortic valve replacement in 2002, TAVR has rapidly developed, and currently over 40 tens of thousands of cases have been completed worldwide, and its application range has also been extended from high-risk patient populations to medium-risk and even low-risk patient populations. However, TAVR suffers from a number of complications such as paravalvular leaks, vascular complications, cerebrovascular events, conduction blocks requiring permanent pacemaker therapy to be implanted, thrombosis, etc., where coronary occlusion is a rare (incidence < 1%) but life threatening complication that during or after TAVR surgery angiography or echocardiography, etc., shows new, partial or complete coronary ostia occlusion caused by leaflets, calcified clusters or interlayers.
Coronary artery occlusion does not occur at a high rate, but is a very fatal complication of TAVR procedures and postoperatively. Once occurring, mortality and post-operative cardiovascular adverse events are very high. For the prediction of coronary obstruction risk, comprehensive and accurate measurement and evaluation based on preoperative aortic root CT images are required to be carried out before operation, and related factors of evaluation include coronary artery opening height, french sinus size, calcification condition, length and shape of valve leaflets, and type and model of implanted valve. Among these, leaflet length is an important evaluation factor, and too long leaflet length will increase the risk of coronary occlusion. Therefore, the measurement of the leaflet length is of great significance.
Currently in the usual case, leaflet length measurements need to be measured by a physician through complex manual interactions using 3D medical image software. This requires both a high software operating experience for the doctor and time. Meanwhile, as the valve leaflet is a 3-dimensional space structure, errors necessarily exist in manual measurement, and the accuracy degree of the manual measurement is difficult to ensure. Therefore, a method capable of automatically calculating the length of the aortic valve leaflet is needed for a doctor to refer to, so that the time for preoperative evaluation of the doctor is greatly reduced, the accuracy of leaflet length measurement can be ensured, and the success rate of coronary artery blockage prevention is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at overcoming the defects in the prior art, and provides an automatic calculation method for the length of an aortic valve leaflet, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring three-dimensional medical image data of an aortic valve;
step 2: segmenting and extracting a valve leaflet structure of the aortic valve;
step 3:extracting coordinates of three sinus bottoms of aortic root, respectively P1 (x，y，z) 、P2 (x，y，z) And P3 (x，y，z) Forming an annulus plane based on the three sinus bottoms;
step 4: performing surface fitting on the aortic valve leaflet structure in the step 2;
step 5: extracting a leaflet length path of the aortic valve;
step 6: the leaflet length is calculated.
Further, the three-dimensional medical image data may be any medical image data containing aortic valve information of a human body.
Further, regarding the leaflet structure of the aortic valve in the step 2, since there are a plurality of leaflets of the aortic valve, it is necessary to divide the leaflet structure of different pieces, and the division extraction is performed by a machine learning algorithm or a conventional image division algorithm.
Further, the coordinates of the three sinus bottoms extracted from the aortic root in the step 3 are obtained by an automatic extraction algorithm or manually extracted.
Further, the method for performing surface fitting on the valve leaflet structure of the aortic valve in the step 4 specifically includes:
a. dou Dezuo standard sinus of the current valve She Duiying is found from the coordinates of the three sinus bottoms of the aortic root obtained in step 3 (x，y，z) ；
b. Obtaining the midpoint Meansinus of the coordinates of the three sinus bottoms of the aortic root in step 3 (x，y，z) ：Meansinus＝(P1+P2+P3)/3；
c. Traversing the valve leaflet structure, and calculating the distance between each voxel of the valve leaflet structure and the plane of the valve annulus to obtain a maximum distance maxD;
d. refer to midpoint Meansinus in step b (x，y，z) Obtaining a distance point Meansinus perpendicular to the plane of the valve annulus and towards the ascending aorta (x，y，z) Another point MeansinusPro several times the maxD distance (x，y，z) ；
e. Acquisition of sines (x，y，z) And MeansinusPro (x，y，z) Two ofMidpoint MidPos of point connection (x，y，z) MidPos is taken (x，y，z) And Meansinus (x，y，z) The connecting line direction is taken as a projection direction;
f. since the extracted leaflet structure is a spatial structure with a certain thickness, the average coordinate point set of the leaflet in the space is obtained based on the projection direction in the step e (x，y，z) ；
g. Based on the set of points LeafPointSet in step f (x，y，z) Quadric fitting was performed using least squares to obtain lobes She Qumian.
Further, the method for extracting the length path of the aortic valve leaflet in the step 5 specifically comprises the following steps:
a. marking sinus with corresponding Dou Dezuo (x，y，z) As a starting point for the leaflet length path;
b. by Meansinus (x，y，z) An initial reference point as a leaflet length path end point;
c. on the plane of the valve annulus, obtain sin us (x，y，z) As the center of a circle with sinus (x，y，z) And Meansinus (x，y，z) Takes the connecting line distance of sinus as radius (x，y，z) And Meansinus (x，y，z) A sector area with a connecting line of a central line;
d. in the sector area in the step c, uniformly sampling on the circular arc of the sector to obtain a group of point sets, taking one point P4, and taking the other point P4Pro which is perpendicular to the plane of the valve annulus and is several times of the maxD distance from the point P4 to the ascending aorta direction;
e. from Point sinus (x，y，z) P4 and P4Pro form a plane, and the intersection line of the plane and the flap She Qumian is obtained and used as a path corresponding to the current direction;
f. traversing all the points in the point set in the step d, obtaining all corresponding paths in the sector area according to the mode in the step e, and taking the position with the shortest path space distance as the leaflet length path.
Further, the calculating the leaflet length in the step 6 is calculating the space length according to the leaflet length path obtained in the step 5 to obtain the leaflet length.
The invention has the technical effects that:
by applying the technical scheme of the invention, the time required by a doctor for evaluating the coronary artery blockage risk before TAVR operation can be effectively reduced, the accuracy of measuring the length of the valve leaflet can be ensured, and the success rate of preventing the coronary artery blockage can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an automatic calculation method of the length of an aortic valve leaflet according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the aortic valve leaflet structure extracted by the segmentation in step 2 in the automatic calculation method of the aortic valve leaflet length according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing three sinus bottom positions of the aortic root extracted by the segmentation in the step 3 in the automatic calculation method of the aortic valve leaflet length according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the extracted leaflet length path of the aortic valve in step 5 according to the automatic calculation method of the aortic valve leaflet length of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the relationship between the spatial points and the projection of the same in the automatic calculation method of the aortic valve leaflet length of the present invention;
fig. 6 is another schematic diagram of the spatial point relationship and the associated projection in the automatic calculation method of aortic valve leaflet length according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that the examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it is understood that various changes and modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the disclosure of the present invention, and such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
As shown in fig. 1, the automatic calculation method of the aortic valve leaflet length of the present invention comprises the steps of:
step 1: three-dimensional medical image data of the aortic valve is acquired. In particular, the three-dimensional medical image data should include aortic valve information of the human body, and may be any medical image data type, such as a modality of CT, magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), or ultrasound imaging (US).
Step 2: the aortic valve leaflet structure is extracted by segmentation, and since the aortic valve has a plurality of leaflets, it is necessary to segment the leaflet structure of different pieces, as shown in fig. 2. Specifically, the method can be used for segmentation and extraction through a machine learning algorithm, can also be used for segmentation and extraction through a traditional image segmentation algorithm, and can be used for separating different valve leaflets through a clustering algorithm.
Step 3: extracting coordinates of three sinus bottoms of aortic root, respectively P1 (x，y，z) 、P2 (x，y，z) And P3 (x，y，z) An annulus plane is formed based on the three sinus bottoms as shown in fig. 3. Specifically, the three sinus bottom coordinates of the aortic root can be obtained by an automatic extraction algorithm or manually. The automatic extraction algorithm can be a machine learning method or a traditional image processing method; the manual extraction method can select three sinus bottom coordinates by using a three-dimensional image browsing tool and utilizing a multi-plane reconstruction (MPR) function.
Step 4: the aortic valve leaflet structure in the step 2 is subjected to surface fitting, and specifically, the implementation method comprises the following steps:
a. as shown in fig. 5, dou Dezuo standard sinus of the current valve She Duiying is found from the coordinates of the sinus floor of the aortic root obtained in step 3 (x，y，z) ；
b. Obtaining the midpoint Meansinus of three sinus bottom coordinates of the aortic root in step 3 (x，y，z) ：Meansinus＝(P1+P2+P3)/3；
c. Traversing the valve leaflet structure, calculating the distance between each voxel of the valve leaflet structure and the plane of the valve annulus to obtain the maximum distance of maxD, wherein in order to save algorithm time, the valve leaflet structure can be sampled without traversing each valve leaflet structure voxel, and the algorithm effect is not influenced;
d. refer to midpoint Meansinus in step b (x，y，z) Obtaining a distance point Meansinus perpendicular to the plane of the valve annulus and towards the ascending aorta (x，y，z) Several times (e.g., 1.5 times, 2 times, 2.5 times, etc.) the maxD distancePoint MeansinusPro (x，y，z) ；
e. Acquisition of sines (x，y，z) And MeansinusPro (x，y，z) Midpoint MidPos of two point connection (x，y，z) MidPos is taken (x，y，z) And Meansinus (x，y，z) The direction of the connecting line is taken as the projection direction, as shown in fig. 5;
f. since the extracted leaflet structure is a space structure with a certain thickness, the average coordinate point set of the leaflet in space is obtained based on the projection direction in the step e (x，y，z) ；
g. Based on the set of points LeafPointSet in step f (x，y，z) Quadric fitting was performed using least squares to obtain lobes She Qumian.
Step 5: an aortic valve leaflet length path is extracted. I.e. determining the start and end of a path, the leaflet length path is taken over the valve She Qumian in the direction of the two-point line. Since the sinus floor location is typically the lowest point of the sinus region, the sinus floor is defined as the origin of the leaflet length path.
The specific implementation method will be described below with reference to fig. 6:
a. marking sinus with corresponding Dou Dezuo (x，y，z) As a starting point for the leaflet length path;
b. by Meansinus (x，y，z) As the leaflet length path end point initial reference point;
c. on the plane of the valve annulus, obtain sin us (x，y，z) As the center of a circle with sinus (x，y，z) And Meansinus (x，y，z) Takes the connecting line distance of sinus as radius (x，y，z) And Meansinus (x，y，z) A sector of the midline, the sector having an included angle of 10 ° -60 °, preferably 15 ° -30 °;
d. in the sector area in the step c, uniformly sampling on the circular arc of the sector to obtain a group of point sets, taking one point P4 (the point is a point randomly selected on the circular arc), and selecting another point P4Pro which is perpendicular to the plane of the valve annulus and is a distance which is several times of maxD from the point P4 in the direction of ascending aorta;
e. from the following componentsPoint sinus (x，y，z) P4 and P4Pro form a plane, and the intersection line of the plane and the flap She Qumian is obtained and used as a path corresponding to the current direction;
traversing all the points in the point set in the step d, obtaining all corresponding paths in the sector area according to the mode in the step e, and taking the position with the shortest path space distance as the leaflet length path. Step 6: the calculated leaflet length is the leaflet length obtained by calculating the spatial length thereof from the leaflet length path obtained in step 5.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An automatic calculation method of the length of an aortic valve leaflet, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: acquiring three-dimensional medical image data of an aortic valve;
step 2: segmenting and extracting a valve leaflet structure of the aortic valve;
step 3: extracting coordinates of three sinus bottoms of aortic root, respectively P1 (x,y,z) 、P2 (x,y,z) And P3 (x,y,z) Forming an annulus plane based on the three sinus bottoms;
step 4: performing surface fitting on the valve leaflet structure of the aortic valve in the step 2;
step 5: extracting a leaflet length path of the aortic valve;
step 6: calculating the length of the valve leaflet;
in the step 4, the method for performing surface fitting on the aortic valve leaflet structure in the step 2 is as follows:
a. dou Dezuo standard sinus of the current valve She Duiying is found from the coordinates of the three sinus bottoms of the aortic root obtained in step 3 (x,y,z) ；
b. Obtaining the midpoint Meansinus of the coordinates of the three sinus bottoms of the aortic root in step 3 (x,y,z) ：Meansinus＝(P1+P2+P3)/3；
c. Traversing the valve leaflet tissue, and calculating the distance between each voxel of the valve leaflet tissue and the plane of the valve annulus to obtain the maximum distance maxD;
d. refer to midpoint Meansinus in step b (x,y,z) Obtaining a distance point Meansinus perpendicular to the plane of the valve annulus and towards the ascending aorta (x,y,z) Another point MeansinusPro several times the maxD distance (x,y,z) ；
e. Acquisition of sines (x,y,z) And MeansinusPro (x,y,z) Midpoint MidPos of two point connection (x,y,z) MidPos is taken (x,y,z) And Meansinus (x,y,z) The connecting line direction is taken as a projection direction;
f. since the extracted leaflet structure is a spatial structure with a certain thickness, the average coordinate point set of the leaflet in the space is obtained based on the projection direction in the step e (x,y,z) ；
g. Based on the set of points LeafPointSet in step f (x,y,z) Performing quadric surface fitting by using a least square method to obtain a lobe She Qumian;
the specific method for extracting the length path of the aortic valve leaflet in the step 5 is as follows:
a. marking sinus with corresponding Dou Dezuo (x,y,z) As a starting point for the leaflet length path;
b. by Meansinus (x,y,z) An initial reference point as a leaflet length path end point;
c. on the plane of the valve annulus, obtain sin us (x,y,z) As the center of a circle with sinus (x,y,z) And Meansinus (x,y,z) Takes the connecting line distance of sinus as radius (x,y,z) And Meansinus (x,y,z) A sector area with a connecting line of a central line;
d. in the sector area in the step c, uniformly sampling on the circular arc of the sector to obtain a group of point sets, taking one point P4, and taking the other point P4Pro which is perpendicular to the plane of the valve annulus and is several times of the maxD distance from the point P4 to the ascending aorta direction;
e. from Point sinus (x,y,z) P4 and P4Pro form a plane, and this plane is acquired with the flap She QumianIntersecting lines, which are paths corresponding to the current direction;
traversing all the points in the point set in the step d, obtaining all corresponding paths in the sector area according to the mode in the step e, and taking the position with the shortest path space distance as the leaflet length path.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the segmentation of the leaflet structure of the extracted aortic valve is performed by a machine learning algorithm or an image segmentation algorithm.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the coordinates of the three sinus bottoms of the aortic root are extracted, which are obtained by an automatic extraction algorithm or selected by manual positioning.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the calculating the leaflet length in the step 6 is calculating the space length from the leaflet length path obtained in the step 5 to obtain the leaflet length.
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