CN115248969A - Load prediction-based method for setting water supply temperature of floor radiation heating user - Google Patents

Load prediction-based method for setting water supply temperature of floor radiation heating user Download PDF

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CN115248969A
CN115248969A CN202110457010.8A CN202110457010A CN115248969A CN 115248969 A CN115248969 A CN 115248969A CN 202110457010 A CN202110457010 A CN 202110457010A CN 115248969 A CN115248969 A CN 115248969A
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floor
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凌继红
张晨
郭子兴
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Tianjin University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for setting the water supply temperature of a floor radiant heating user based on load prediction. Aiming at the condition that the regulation response time of a floor radiation heating system to flow and water supply temperature is long, a simple and feasible user water supply temperature setting method based on measured data is designed. The method comprises the following steps: installing monitoring equipment and acquiring data to obtain the indoor air temperature of a room, the surface temperature of the floor of the room, the flow rate of the room, the water supply temperature of the room and the return water temperature of the room; establishing an RC model of a floor radiation heating system by analogy with a resistance-capacitance theory; the determination of the parameters of the system RC model is the key of model construction, and calculation is carried out according to measured data; after the RC model is completed, the design indoor temperature and the heat load predicted value are used as input items by combining a load prediction technology, and the floor surface temperature within the prediction time is calculated; and calculating the required average water temperature in the pipe by using the model, and calculating the water supply temperature by combining the temperature difference in the test data.

Description

Method for setting water supply temperature of floor radiant heating user based on load prediction
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of centralized heating operation regulation, in particular to a water supply temperature setting method for floor radiant heating users based on load prediction.
Background
At present, the regulation modes of the user side of the heating system are mainly divided into quality regulation and quantity regulation, namely controlling the water supply temperature and controlling the user flow. The quantity regulation method can be further divided into start-stop regulation, intermittent regulation and variable flow regulation.
The start-stop regulation refers to controlling the opening or closing of a water pump or a thermal valve by setting upper and lower limits for target temperature under the condition of keeping the temperature and flow settings of the water supply unchanged. The target temperature may be an indoor air temperature or a floor surface temperature, or may be a composite temperature calculated according to a weight ratio. However, since the radiant floor heating system has a relatively significant heat storage capacity, the change in target temperature is often responded to after a relatively long period of time after the radiant floor heating system is turned on or off. This method is not suitable for radiant floor heating systems.
The intermittent adjustment means that the heating hours per day are changed according to the difference of outdoor temperature under the condition that the temperature and the flow rate of the supplied water are not set, and the temperature of the indoor air is kept stable by utilizing the heat inertia of the heating system. The heating time is generally distributed in the evening and the morning in a centralized manner, and the room temperature is kept stable by utilizing the action of solar radiation and the heat storage performance of the heating system in the daytime, so that the adjusting mode is more suitable for a floor radiation heating system, but the room temperature is easy to fluctuate greatly by adopting an intermittent heating mode under the condition of low outdoor temperature.
The variable flow rate adjustment is to set a target temperature and adjust the user flow rate by using a PID (proportional integral) operation method. And when the target temperature deviates from the set temperature, adjusting the user flow to different degrees according to the proportion of the deviation. The target temperature may be an indoor air temperature or a floor surface temperature, or may be a composite temperature calculated according to a weight ratio. However, due to the heat storage performance of the floor radiant heating system, the change of the target temperature tends to lag behind the adjustment behavior, and the target temperature tends to be higher or lower.
In recent years, a regulation method has been proposed which employs an expected control that takes into account the thermal delay of the system, estimates the final peak/valley temperature after the thermal valve is opened/closed at that time on the basis of start-stop regulation, and compares the peak/valley temperature with the set upper/lower temperature limits to determine whether or not the valve is to be opened/closed at that time. The quantitative delay effect from the viewpoint of the floor surface temperature is partially studied for the users of radiant floor heating. But since the indoor air temperature is disturbed by various factors other than the heating system, such as outdoor temperature, solar radiation, heat dissipation of indoor personnel and equipment, etc. It is not reasonable to make an estimate of thermal retardation only from the standpoint of floor surface temperature. Meanwhile, due to the room size coefficient of each user, the area of the outer enclosure structure has large difference, and the calculation amount by the method for establishing the specific model is too large to be implemented.
Based on this, this patent provides a simple and easy RC computational model based on measured data and weather forecast, can set for reasonable water supply temperature according to weather conditions and personnel's mode on that day.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a simple and feasible user water supply temperature setting method based on actual measurement data aiming at the condition that the regulation response time of a floor radiation heating system to flow and water supply temperature is longer, the method is favorable for maintaining the indoor air temperature stability of a user, and the heat using satisfaction degree of the user is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions, which are characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: and installing monitoring equipment and acquiring data to obtain the indoor air temperature of the room, the surface temperature of the floor of the room, the flow rate of the room, the water supply temperature of the room and the return water temperature of the room.
S2: and designing a room heat transfer model. Considering the problem of high delay of the floor radiation heating system, a room RC model adopting the floor radiation heating system is established by analogy with a resistance-capacitance theory.
S3: the room heat transfer model parameters are determined. The determination of the parameters (R value and C value) of the room RC model is the key for completing the model construction, and the determination of the parameters needs to be calculated according to measured data.
S4: the floor surface temperature is predicted. After the building of the room RC model is completed, the designed indoor temperature and the predicted heat load value in a future period of time are used as input items by combining a load prediction technology, and the temperature curve of the required floor surface temperature in the prediction time is calculated by using the RC model.
S5: and calculating the water supply temperature of the room. According to the RC model and the floor surface temperature required in the prediction time, the built model can be used for calculating the average water temperature in the pipe required by the floor radiation heating system, and the temperature difference of the water supply temperature and the water return temperature basically depends on the flow, so that the water supply temperature can be calculated according to the temperature difference in the test data.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the first step of installing the monitoring device and acquiring the data includes acquiring indoor air temperature of a room, floor surface temperature of the room, room flow rate, water supply temperature of the room, and water return temperature of the room, all the data need to be recorded according to a time sequence, the data need to include data records after adjustment for 48 hours, and the adjustment times are generally 3 to 5 times.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the second step of designing the room heat transfer model is specifically that, considering the problem of high delay of the floor radiant heating system, the key point of the room heat transfer model is to reflect the thermal delay process of the floor radiant heating system. According to the RC model basic principle, the electric potential is analogized to temperature, the current is analogized to heat flow, the resistance is analogized to thermal resistance, the capacitance is analogized to thermal capacity, and parameters required by the model are determined according to the heat transfer process of fluid in pipe-pipe wall-floor-indoor air and furniture. The parameters of the model include the flow-dependent portion R of the thermal resistance between the pipe and the floor surface 1 The portion R of the thermal resistance between the pipe and the floor surface that does not vary with the flow 2 And a heat capacity C reflecting the delay of the floor radiant heating system 1 。
In some embodiments of the invention, the third step of determining the room heat transfer model parameter is, in particular, R 1 The convective heat transfer coefficient between the pipe wall and the fluid in the pipe is in a negative correlation; r is 2 And R 1 The total heat resistance of the floor radiation heating system is formed together, and the heat resistance value of the part is not changed, so that the part can pass through the steady state working condition (namely C) 1 Working condition when branch heat flow is 0) total thermal resistance and R 1 Value pair R 2 Calculating; c 1 From regulating action to T in test data 1 When required to reach steady stateAnd (4) determining.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the fourth step of predicting the floor surface temperature specifically is to calculate a required floor surface temperature curve within a prediction time by using the designed indoor temperature and the heat load within a future period of time as input items based on the room load prediction value obtained by combining the constructed room heat transfer RC model with the load prediction technology.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the fifth step of calculating the room water supply temperature specifically includes calculating an average water temperature in a pipe of the radiant floor heating system by using the floor surface temperature required in the prediction time as an input item, also based on the constructed RC model for room heat transfer, and since the temperature difference between the water supply temperature and the water return temperature substantially depends on the flow rate, the water supply temperature can be calculated and determined according to the temperature difference in the test data and the average water temperature in the pipe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The calculation method provided by the patent is an RC model obtained based on user test data, and from the use perspective, the data has the data characteristics brought by some settings of a user floor radiation heating system, so that the method does not need a user to input specific information such as the size and the material of any room, and the requirement on initial setting is low. And the parameters in the model can be further calibrated by using the operation data in the using process of the user, so that the method has a certain learning function.
(2) The RC model provided by the patent has the characteristics of simple parameters and small calculated amount, and can rapidly obtain the required water supply temperature on the premise that the load in a period of time in the future is known.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2, a basic RC circuit schematic;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a model RC of a floor radiant heating system.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for setting a temperature of water supply for a radiant floor heating user based on test data and load prediction, comprising the steps of:
s1: and installing monitoring equipment and acquiring data to obtain the indoor air temperature of the room, the surface temperature of the floor of the room, the flow rate of the room, the water supply temperature of the room and the return water temperature of the room.
S2: and designing a room heat transfer model. Considering the problem of high delay of the floor radiation heating system, a room RC model adopting the floor radiation heating system is established by analogy with a resistance-capacitance theory.
S3: the room heat transfer model parameters are determined. The determination of the parameters (R value and C value) of the room RC model is the key for completing the model construction, and the determination of the parameters needs to be calculated according to measured data.
S4: the floor surface temperature is predicted. After the building of the room RC model is completed, the designed indoor temperature and the predicted heat load value in a future period of time are used as input items by combining a load prediction technology, and the temperature curve of the required floor surface temperature in the prediction time is calculated by using the RC model.
S5: and calculating the water supply temperature of the room. According to the RC model and the floor surface temperature required in the prediction time, the built model can be used for calculating the average water temperature in the pipe required by the floor radiation heating system, and the water supply temperature can be calculated according to the temperature difference in the test data because the temperature difference of the water supply and return temperature basically depends on the flow.
Specifically, in the first step of installing the monitoring device and collecting data, the data to be tested is as follows: room indoor air temperature, room floor surface temperature, room flow, room water supply temperature, and room return water temperature. All data need to be recorded according to time sequence, the data need to contain data records after adjustment for 48 hours, and the adjustment times are generally 3-5 times.
Specifically, the determination of the second step design room heat transfer model is specifically:
the RC model originates from electrical engineering. The basic RC circuit is shown in fig. 1, and if a change occurs in the potential at point a, it causes the potential at point B to change immediately to a value intermediate between a and C, assuming that the branch in which the capacitor is located is not present. However, in the circuit of fig. 1, due to the existence of the capacitor, a part of the current in AB is distributed to the capacitor branch to increase the potential difference between the two sides of the capacitor, so that the potential change at the point B is delayed. If the potential is analogized to temperature, the current is analogized to heat flow, the resistance is analogized to thermal resistance, and the capacitance is analogized to thermal capacitance, the delay process of the RC circuit is found to be very similar to the thermal delay process of the floor radiation heating system. Thus, the RC model can be used to simulate the thermal delay process of a floor radiation system.
The structure of a radiant floor heating system generally consists of four parts, respectively: concrete structure layer, heat preservation, heating pipe, filling layer, screed-coat and ground decorative layer. Each of which has a certain thermal insulation and heat storage capacity, so that the temperature of the floor surface is relatively stable, but at the same time, the problem of long response time of the floor radiation system is caused.
Three heat exchange modes exist in the interior of the radiant floor heating system: heat conduction, heat convection and radiation heat transfer. In the floor radiation heating system, radiation heat exchange only exists in the process of radiating heat to the indoor from the surface of the floor; the heat conduction process has a heat exchange process with the fluid, the pipe wall and other solid materials; the combined action of heat conduction and heat convection is called convection heat transfer, and the processes of heat dissipation of fluid in the pipe to the pipe wall and heat dissipation of the floor to indoor air belong to the convection heat transfer.
The thermal resistance value in the heat conduction process only depends on the physical properties and the size of the material, so that the thermal resistance value is relatively fixed; the thermal resistance value in the radiation heat exchange process depends on the temperature of each radiation surface and the angle coefficient between the radiation surfaces, and for residential buildings, the positions of indoor furniture and other radiation surfaces are relatively fixed, so the temperature of the floor and other surfaces is a main influence factor. The formula (1) is a calculation formula of the convective heat transfer coefficient, and the thermal resistance value of the convective heat transfer process is influenced by the flow velocity of the fluid in the pipe.
Figure BSA0000240702100000041
In the formula: h-convective heat transfer coefficient, namely reciprocal of thermal resistance;
N uf nursert number, for forced convection in tubes, when Re f When less than 2300, N uf 4.36 can be taken; when Re f When the pressure is higher than 2300, the pressure is high,
Figure BSA0000240702100000051
the dimensions of the inner diameter of the tube are negligible compared to the length of the tube, and can therefore be considered to be
Figure BSA0000240702100000052
The temperature of the inner wall of the tube is close to the temperature of the fluid, so that it can be considered that
Figure BSA0000240702100000053
Re f -the Reynolds number,
Figure BSA0000240702100000054
where u is the flow rate, d is the tube inside diameter, and v is the kinematic viscosity.
Because the flow (flow velocity) has a large influence on the thermal resistance between the fluid and the pipe wall and has a small influence on the thermal resistance of the rest parts, the RC model from the water temperature to the floor surface temperature can be divided into two parts, namely a part related to the flow and a part which does not change along with the flow.
In addition, a heat dissipation amount calculation section between the floor surface temperature and the room temperature should be included in the RC model. The general model diagram is shown in fig. 2. In the figure: t is pj Is the average temperature of the water in the tube, T fl Is the floor surface temperature, T a Is the temperature of the indoor air, T 1 Is T pj And T fl Intermediate temperature of (2)As an intermediate value of the thermal delay calculation, R 1 The portion of the thermal resistance between the tube and the floor surface that varies with flow, R 2 The part of the thermal resistance between the pipe and the floor surface that does not vary with the flow, C 1 Has a heat capacity of 1,Q 1 Is T pj And T 1 Heat flow in between, Q 2 Is T 1 And T fl Heat flow of (C) in between, Q 3 Is T fl And T a Heat flow in between.
Due to T fl And T a The form of heat transfer therebetween includes convective heat transfer and thermal radiation, and therefore cannot be expressed in the form of thermal resistance, and this portion is calculated by equation (2) in the calculation process.
Q 3 ＝2.13*(T fl -T a )*|T fl -T a | 0.31 (2)
Specifically, the third step determines the room heat transfer model parameters, specifically:
R 1 : the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger is inversely related to the convective heat transfer coefficient between the pipe wall and the fluid in the pipe, and the amplification coefficient k is required to be set to R due to the complex internal structure of the floor radiation heating system 1 The variation quantity is matched with the variation quantity of the convective heat transfer coefficient h; the magnification factor k is the difference of the total thermal resistances before and after adjustment divided by the variable quantity of 1/h.
R 2 : and R 1 The heat resistance of the parts is not changed, so that the parts can pass through the steady state working condition (namely C) 1 Working condition when branch heat flow is 0) total thermal resistance and R 1 Value pair R 2 And (4) performing calculation.
C 1 : the part is a key part reflecting the delay of the floor radiation heating system, and T is the critical part under the unsteady state working condition 1 Can be represented by formula (3):
Figure BSA0000240702100000055
in the formula: t 1 Is T 1 A final value of change;
T′ 1 is T 1 An initial value of change;
t is time;
τ is the time constant of the RC model, which is equal to R in this model 1 *C 1 ；
Theoretically, T tends to be infinite T 1 Can his final value be reached. However, in practical engineering, it is generally considered that when the time reaches 5. Tau, T is considered to be 1 The final value has been reached.
Therefore, a method of calculating the C value by testing data can be derived:
Figure BSA0000240702100000061
in the formula: Δ T is the time from the regulating action to T in the test data 1 The time required to reach steady state.
Specifically, the fourth step predicts the floor surface temperature, specifically, the required floor surface temperature T can be calculated according to equation (2) using the design indoor temperature and the heat load in the future period as input items fl The profile over a future period of time.
Assuming the heat demand Q of a known room 3 Is given (sequence is at 5min intervals), the desired floor surface temperature sequence is:
Figure BSA0000240702100000062
specifically, the fifth step is to calculate the room water supply temperature, specifically, to calculate the intermediate value T of the thermal delay calculation first 1 Then, the average water temperature T in the pipe is calculated pj Finally, calculating the set value T of the required water supply temperature g 。
T 1 The sequence can be calculated according to the calculation method of the RC model, namely, the formula (5):
T 1 [i]＝Q 3 [i]*R 2 +T fl [i] (5)
similarly, the required value can be calculated from equation (6)T pj ：
T pj [i]＝[Q 3 [i]+C 1 *(T 1 [i]-T 1 [i-1])]*R 2 +T 1 [i] (6)
Since the temperature difference of the supply and return water temperatures substantially depends on the flow rate, the supply water temperature can be calculated from the temperature difference in the test data, i.e., equation (7)
T g [i]＝T pj [i]+ΔT/2 (7)
In the formula: tg is the water supply temperature, and delta T is the temperature difference corresponding to the corresponding flow in the test data;
so far, the corresponding reasonable water supply temperature can be obtained.

Claims (6)

1. A method for setting the water supply temperature of a floor radiation heating user based on load prediction is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: and installing monitoring equipment and acquiring data to obtain the indoor air temperature of the room, the surface temperature of the floor of the room, the flow rate of the room, the water supply temperature of the room and the return water temperature of the room.
S2: and designing a room heat transfer model. Considering the problem of high delay of the floor radiation heating system, a room RC model adopting the floor radiation heating system is established by analogy with a resistance-capacitance theory.
S3: the room heat transfer model parameters are determined. The determination of the parameters (R value and C value) of the room RC model is the key for completing the model construction, and the determination of the parameters needs to be calculated according to measured data.
S4: the floor surface temperature is predicted. After the building of the room RC model is completed, the designed indoor temperature and the predicted heat load value in a future period of time are used as input items in combination with load prediction, and the temperature curve of the required floor surface temperature in the prediction time is calculated by using the RC model.
S5: and calculating the water supply temperature of the room. According to the RC model and the floor surface temperature required in the prediction time, the built model can be used for calculating the average water temperature in the pipe required by the floor radiation heating system, and the temperature difference of the water supply temperature and the water return temperature basically depends on the flow, so that the water supply temperature can be calculated according to the temperature difference in the test data.
2. The method for setting the supply water temperature of a floor radiant heating user based on load prediction as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first step of installing the monitoring equipment and collecting data specifically comprises the following steps: and analyzing the requirements, determining required monitoring parameters, monitoring through the existing monitoring equipment and newly added monitoring equipment, and acquiring measured data. The required data includes: the method comprises the steps of collecting the indoor air temperature of a room, the surface temperature of a floor of the room, the room flow, the water supply temperature of the room and the water return temperature of the room. All data need to be recorded according to a time sequence, the data need to contain data records of 48 hours after adjustment, and the adjustment times are generally 3-5 times.
3. The method for setting the supply water temperature of a floor radiant heating user based on load prediction as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the second step of determining the designed room heat transfer model is specifically as follows: in consideration of the problem of high delay of the floor radiant heating system, the key point of the room heat transfer model is to reflect the thermal delay process of the floor radiant heating system. According to the RC model basic principle, the electric potential is analogized to temperature, the current is analogized to heat flow, the resistance is analogized to thermal resistance, the capacitance is analogized to thermal capacity, and parameters required by the model are determined according to the heat transfer process of fluid in pipe-pipe wall-floor-indoor air and furniture. The parameters of the model include the flow-dependent portion R of the thermal resistance between the pipe and the floor surface 1 The portion R of the thermal resistance between the pipe and the floor surface that does not vary with the flow 2 Heat capacity C reflecting delay of floor radiation heating system 1 。
4. The method for setting the supply water temperature of a floor radiant heating user based on load prediction as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the third step is to determine the room heat transfer model parameters as follows: r 1 The convective heat transfer coefficient between the pipe wall and the fluid in the pipe is in a negative correlation; r is 2 And R 1 The total heat of the floor radiation heating system is formedSince the thermal resistance value of the part is not changed, the part can pass through the steady state working condition (namely C) 1 Working condition when branch heat flow is 0) total thermal resistance and R 1 Value pair R 2 Calculating; c 1 From regulating action to T in test data 1 The time required to reach steady state is determined.
5. The method for setting the supply water temperature of a floor radiant heating user based on load prediction as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and fourthly, predicting the surface temperature of the floor specifically, based on the constructed room heat transfer RC model and in combination with a room load predicted value obtained by a load prediction technology, taking the designed indoor temperature and the heat load in a period of time in the future as input items, and calculating a required surface temperature curve of the floor in the prediction time.
6. The method for setting the supply water temperature of a floor radiant heating user based on load prediction as claimed in claim 1, wherein: specifically, the calculation of the room water supply temperature is based on a constructed room heat transfer RC model, the required floor surface temperature in the prediction time is used as an input item, the average water temperature in a pipe of the floor radiant heating system is calculated, and the water supply temperature can be calculated and determined according to the temperature difference in the test data and the average water temperature in the pipe because the temperature difference of the water supply and return temperatures basically depends on the flow.
CN202110457010.8A 2021-04-28 2021-04-28 Load prediction-based method for setting water supply temperature of floor radiation heating user Pending CN115248969A (en)

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