CN115248155A - Novel three-dimensional stretching loading device - Google Patents

Novel three-dimensional stretching loading device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115248155A
CN115248155A CN202111576286.4A CN202111576286A CN115248155A CN 115248155 A CN115248155 A CN 115248155A CN 202111576286 A CN202111576286 A CN 202111576286A CN 115248155 A CN115248155 A CN 115248155A
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China
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plate
rod
test piece
force transmission
pull
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CN202111576286.4A
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张绪涛
孟昭博
张保良
田忠喜
尹瑞杰
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Liaocheng University
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Liaocheng University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
    • G01N2203/0003—Steady
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0017—Tensile
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
    • G01N2203/0252—Monoaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along a single axis of the specimen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
    • G01N2203/0254—Biaxial, the forces being applied along two normal axes of the specimen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
    • G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel three-way stretching loading device which comprises a vertical force transmission mechanism, a lateral force transmission mechanism and a supporting mechanism, wherein the vertical force transmission mechanism transmits the force action to 6 surfaces of a test piece through the lateral force transmission mechanism and the supporting mechanism; the lengths of the upper inclined rod and the lower inclined rod can be adjusted, and the included angle between the upper inclined rod and the horizontal pull rod can be changed by adjusting the lengths of the upper inclined rod and the lower inclined rod, so that the proportional relation of three main stresses when the test piece is pulled is changed; when the included angle is 45 degrees, the main tensile stresses in three directions are equal, namely, when the included angle is 60 degrees, the main tensile stresses in three directions have the relation of
Figure 778570DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
. The device is matched with a universal testing machine for use, can directly test the tensile strength of materials such as concrete, rock and the like in the states of unidirectional stretching, bidirectional stretching and three-dimensional stretching, and ensures the reliability of a test result.

Description

Novel three-dimensional stretching loading device
Technical Field
The invention relates to a testing device, in particular to a novel three-way stretching loading device.
Background
In the field of civil engineering, the one-way tensile strength of materials such as concrete, rock and the like is one of basic mechanical indexes; in addition, the constitutive model of concrete, rock and other materials also often uses the unidirectional or multidirectional tensile strength as an important verification basis; therefore, it is necessary to perform unidirectional or multidirectional tensile strength tests on materials such as concrete and rock.
Because the direct tensile test of materials such as concrete, rock and the like is difficult to realize, the tensile strength test of the materials such as concrete, rock and the like at present mostly adopts an indirect method, such as: splitting test, bending test, etc. On one hand, the indirect testing methods cannot truly reproduce the stress state of the material when the material is pulled, so that the measured tensile strength is distorted; on the other hand, the tensile strength of the material in a two-way or three-way stretching state cannot be tested. Therefore, it is very urgent to develop a unidirectional or multidirectional direct tensile test device for concrete, rock and other materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel three-way tensile loading device, which is matched with a universal testing machine for use, can directly test the tensile strength of materials such as concrete, rock and the like in the states of unidirectional stretching, bidirectional stretching and three-way stretching, and ensures the reliability of a test result.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical means:
a novel three-way stretching loading device comprises a vertical force transmission mechanism, a lateral force transmission mechanism and a supporting mechanism, wherein the vertical force transmission mechanism comprises a loading plate, a vertical force transmission rod, a lower force transmission plate, an upper pin shaft, a lower pin shaft, an upper pull rod, a lower pull rod, an upper pull head and a lower pull head; the loading plate and the lower force transmission plate are arranged in parallel at intervals, the loading plate and the lower force transmission plate are connected through a vertical force transmission rod, the top end of the vertical force transmission rod is connected with the loading plate, and the bottom end of the vertical force transmission rod is connected with the lower force transmission plate; a lower pull rod is vertically arranged at the center of the bottom surface of the lower dowel plate; the loading plate is contacted with a pressure head of the universal testing machine and bears the pressure loaded by the testing machine;
the test piece is a square test piece, and 6 surfaces of the test piece are provided with pull heads; the pull head is provided with a base part and a conducting rod, the inner end of the conducting rod is connected with the base part, and the base part is connected with the surface of the test piece; the pull head arranged on the lower surface of the test piece is hinged with the top end of the lower pull rod through a lower pin shaft; the pull head arranged on the upper surface of the test piece is hinged with the center of the upper supporting plate through an upper pin shaft;
the supporting mechanism comprises an upper supporting plate, a bottom plate and an upright post; the bottom plate is fixedly connected with an upper supporting plate through a stand column, the upper supporting plate is provided with through holes for the vertical dowel bars to pass through, and the upper supporting plate is provided with strip-shaped grooves for the tops of the four upper oblique bars to pass through;
the lateral force transmission mechanism is provided with a linkage plate, four upper rotating shafts, four middle rotating shafts, four lower rotating shafts, four upper inclined rods, four horizontal pull rods and four lower inclined rods, the linkage plate is horizontally arranged below the loading plate and fixedly connected with the vertical force transmission rods, the upper rotating shafts are arranged at the central parts of four side walls of the linkage plate, the four lower rotating shafts are arranged on the bottom plate, the top ends of the upper inclined rods are hinged with the upper rotating shafts on the corresponding side surfaces, and the inner ends of the horizontal pull rods are connected with pull heads on the corresponding side surfaces of the test piece through pin shafts; the bottom end of the lower inclined rod is hinged with the lower rotating shaft on the corresponding side surface; the bottom end of the upper inclined rod, the outer end of the horizontal pull rod and the top end of the lower inclined rod are hinged to the middle rotating shaft.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the loading plate is contacted with a pressure head of the universal testing machine to bear the pressure loaded by the testing machine, the pressure loaded by the loading plate is transmitted to the lower force transmission plate through the vertical force transmission rod, and the lower force transmission plate is connected with the lower pull rod and acts on the test piece through the lower pull rod to provide downward tensile force to the lower surface of the test piece; the upper pull rod generates upward pulling force on the top surface of the test piece; meanwhile, the pressure of the loading plate applies pulling force to four side surfaces of the test piece through lateral force transmission mechanisms symmetrically arranged on the side surfaces.
The further preferred technical scheme is as follows:
the size of the base portion is the same as the size of the sample surface.
The base part is bonded and connected with the high-strength adhesive on the surface of the test sample.
The upper inclined rod, the horizontal pull rod and the lower inclined rod are changed in different lengths to change the included angles between the upper inclined rod, the lower inclined rod and the horizontal pull rod.
The through hole arranged on the upper supporting plate (19) is provided with a shaft sleeve for the vertical dowel bar (2) to pass through.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the three-way tensile loading device provided by the invention is matched with a universal testing machine, and can be used for testing the tensile strength of materials such as concrete, rock and the like in a one-way tensile, two-way tensile and three-way tensile state in a direct tensile mode, so that the reliability of a test result is ensured.
2. The invention can be provided with the pull heads with various sizes, such as 50mm, 100mm, 150mm and the like, and is convenient for testing the tensile strength of test pieces with different materials and different sizes.
3. The length of the upper and lower inclined rods can be adjusted, and the included angle between the upper and lower inclined rods and the horizontal pull rod can be changed by adjusting the length of the upper and lower inclined rods, so that the proportional relation of three main stresses when a test piece is pulled is changed; when the included angle is 45 degrees, the main tensile stresses in three directions are equal, namely, when the included angle is 60 degrees, the main tensile stresses in three directions have the relation of
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
。
4. The pin shaft which is convenient to disassemble and assemble is arranged between the pull rod and the pull head, and the pin shaft can rotate freely to eliminate the eccentricity of the test piece when the test piece is pulled.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals: 1-a loading plate; 2-vertical dowel bars; 3-lower force transmission plate; 4-upper pin shaft; 5-lower pin shaft; 6-upper pull rod; 7-a lower pull rod; 8-pulling the head; 9-lower slider; 10-a linkage plate; 11-upper rotating shaft; 12-a central rotating shaft; 13-lower spindle; 14-upper diagonal rods; 15-horizontal pull rod; 16-lower diagonal rod; 17-a left pin shaft; 18-left slider; 19-an upper support plate; 20-a base plate; 21-upright post; 22-test piece.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the novel three-way stretching loading device of the invention comprises a vertical force transmission mechanism, a lateral force transmission mechanism and a supporting mechanism; the vertical force transmission mechanism comprises a loading plate 1, a vertical force transmission rod 2, a lower force transmission plate 3, an upper pin shaft 4, a lower pin shaft 5, an upper pull rod 6, a lower pull rod 7, an upper pull head 8 and a lower pull head 9; the loading plate 1 and the lower dowel plate 3 are arranged in parallel at intervals, the loading plate 1 and the lower dowel plate 3 are connected through a vertical dowel bar 2, the top end of the vertical dowel bar 2 is connected with the loading plate 1, and the bottom end of the vertical dowel bar 2 is connected with the lower dowel plate 3; a lower pull rod 7 which is vertically arranged is arranged at the center of the bottom surface of the lower dowel plate 3; the loading plate 1 is contacted with a pressure head of a universal testing machine and bears the loading pressure of the testing machine;
the test piece 22 is a square test piece, 6 surfaces of the test piece 22 are provided with sliders, and the sliders are an upper slider 8, a lower slider 9, a left slider 18, a right slider, a front slider and a rear slider respectively; the slider is provided with a base part and a conducting rod, the inner end of the conducting rod is connected with the base part, and the base part is connected with the surface of the test piece 22; the pull head arranged on the lower surface of the test piece 22 is hinged with the top end of the lower pull rod 7 through a lower pin shaft 5; the pull head arranged on the upper surface of the test piece 22 is hinged with the center of the upper support plate 19 through an upper pin shaft 4;
the supporting mechanism comprises an upper supporting plate 19, a bottom plate 20 and a stand column 21; the bottom plate 20 is fixedly connected with an upper supporting plate 19 through a stand column 21, the upper supporting plate 19 is provided with through holes for the vertical dowel bars 2 to pass through, and the upper supporting plate 19 is provided with strip-shaped grooves for the tops of four upper oblique bars to pass through;
the lateral force transmission mechanism is provided with a linkage plate 10, four upper rotating shafts, four middle rotating shafts, four lower rotating shafts, four upper oblique rods, four horizontal pull rods and four lower oblique rods, the linkage plate 10 is horizontally arranged below the loading plate 1, the linkage plate 10 is fixedly connected with the vertical force transmission rods 2, the central parts of four side walls of the linkage plate 10 are provided with the upper rotating shafts, the four lower rotating shafts are arranged on the bottom plate 20, the top ends of the upper oblique rods are hinged with the upper rotating shafts on the corresponding side surfaces, and the inner ends of the horizontal pull rods are connected with pull heads on the corresponding side surfaces of the test piece 22 through pin shafts; the bottom end of the lower inclined rod is hinged with the lower rotating shaft on the corresponding side surface; the bottom end of the upper inclined rod, the outer end of the horizontal pull rod and the top end of the lower inclined rod are hinged to the middle rotating shaft.
The lateral force transmission mechanism can apply tension to the test piece 22 in four directions, namely front, back, left and right, force transmission devices in the four directions are strictly symmetrical, and the left side surface is taken as an example for description; the left force transmission device comprises a linkage plate 10, an upper rotating shaft 11, a middle rotating shaft 12, a lower rotating shaft 13, an upper inclined rod 14, a horizontal pull rod 15, a lower inclined rod 16, a left pin shaft 17 and a left pull head 18. The component structure composition of other side surfaces is the same as that of the left side surface.
The size of the base portion is the same as the size of the sample surface. The same size facilitates uniform transmission of force.
The base part is adhesively bonded to the high-strength adhesive of the sample surface. The adhesive connection makes the material connection uniform and tight.
The upper inclined rod, the horizontal pull rod and the lower inclined rod are replaced by different lengths to change the included angle between the upper inclined rod, the lower inclined rod and the horizontal pull rod. Thereby changing the proportional relationship of the three principal stresses when the test piece is under tension.
The through hole arranged on the upper supporting plate 19 is provided with a shaft sleeve for the vertical dowel bar 2 to pass through. A bushing is provided to facilitate the frictionless penetration of the dowel bar 2 through the upper support plate 19.
The upper supporting plate 19 is a square steel plate, and is slotted at the middle of four sides so as to facilitate the upper diagonal rod 14 to pass through. The base plate 20 is the base of the entire device. The columns 21 are four in number and are symmetrically arranged to fix the upper support plate 19 and the bottom plate 20 together to form a support framework of the whole device. The four vertical dowel bars 2 are symmetrically arranged and penetrate through the upper supporting plate 19 by means of shaft sleeves.
The upper rotating shaft 11, the middle rotating shaft 12 and the lower rotating shaft 13 can rotate freely and are convenient to disassemble and assemble.
The upper pin shaft 4, the lower pin shaft 5 and the left pin shaft 17 are in pin joint, so that the connection and the disassembly and the assembly are convenient.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the loading plate 1 is contacted with a pressure head of a universal testing machine to bear the pressure loaded by the testing machine, the pressure loaded by the loading plate 1 is transmitted to the lower dowel plate 3 through the vertical dowel bar 2, and the lower dowel plate 3 is connected with the lower pull rod 7 and acts on a test piece 22 through the lower pull rod 7; the upper pull rod 6 generates an upward pulling force on the top surface of the test piece 22; meanwhile, the pressure of the loading plate 1 is applied to four lateral pulling forces of the test piece through lateral force transmission mechanisms symmetrically arranged on the lateral sides.
1. The three-way tensile loading device provided by the invention is matched with a universal testing machine, and can be used for testing the tensile strength of materials such as concrete, rock and the like in a one-way tensile, two-way tensile and three-way tensile state in a direct tensile mode, so that the reliability of a test result is ensured.
2. The invention can be configured with sliders with various sizes, such as 50mm, 100mm, 150mm and the like, and is convenient for testing the tensile strength of test pieces with different materials and different sizes.
3. The length of the upper diagonal rod and the length of the lower diagonal rod can be adjusted, and the included angle between the upper diagonal rod and the horizontal pull rod can be changed by adjusting the lengths of the upper diagonal rod and the lower diagonal rod, so that the proportional relation of three main stresses when a test piece is tensioned is changed; when the included angle is 45 degrees, the main tensile stresses in three directions are equal, namely, when the included angle is 60 degrees, the main tensile stresses in three directions have the relation of
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
。
4. The pin shaft which is convenient to disassemble and assemble is arranged between the pull rod and the pull head, and the pin shaft can rotate freely to eliminate the eccentricity of the test piece when the test piece is pulled.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, but rather is intended to cover all equivalent structural changes made by the present specification and drawings.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a novel three-dimensional tensile loading device, includes vertical power transmission mechanism, side direction power transmission mechanism, supporting mechanism and test piece, its characterized in that:
the vertical force transmission mechanism comprises a loading plate (1), a vertical force transmission rod (2), a lower force transmission plate (3), an upper pin shaft (4), a lower pin shaft (5), an upper pull rod (6), a lower pull rod (7), an upper pull head (8) and a lower pull head (9); the loading plate (1) and the lower dowel plate (3) are arranged in parallel at intervals, the loading plate (1) and the lower dowel plate (3) are connected through a vertical dowel bar (2), the top end of the vertical dowel bar (2) is connected with the loading plate (1), and the bottom end of the vertical dowel bar (2) is connected with the lower dowel plate (3); a lower pull rod (7) which is vertically arranged is arranged at the center of the bottom surface of the lower dowel plate (3); the loading plate (1) is contacted with a pressure head of the universal testing machine and bears the pressure loaded by the testing machine;
the test piece (22) is a square test piece, and 6 surfaces of the test piece (22) are provided with sliders; the pull head is provided with a base part and a conduction rod, the inner end of the conduction rod is connected with the base part, and the base part is connected with the surface of a test piece (22); the pull head arranged on the lower surface of the test piece (22) is hinged with the top end of the lower pull rod (7) through a lower pin shaft (5); a pull head arranged on the upper surface of the test piece (22) is hinged with the center of the upper support plate (19) through an upper pin shaft (4);
the supporting mechanism comprises an upper supporting plate (19), a bottom plate (20) and an upright post (21); the bottom plate (20) is fixedly connected with an upper supporting plate (19) through a stand column (21), the upper supporting plate (19) is provided with through holes for the vertical dowel bars (2) to pass through, and the upper supporting plate (19) is provided with strip-shaped grooves for the tops of four upper inclined bars to pass through;
the lateral force transmission mechanism is provided with a linkage plate (10), four upper rotating shafts, four middle rotating shafts, four lower rotating shafts, four upper inclined rods, four horizontal pull rods and four lower inclined rods, the linkage plate (10) is horizontally arranged below the loading plate (1), the linkage plate (10) is fixedly connected with the vertical force transmission rods (2), the upper rotating shafts are arranged at the central parts of four side walls of the linkage plate (10), the four lower rotating shafts are arranged on the bottom plate (20), the top ends of the upper inclined rods are hinged and connected with the upper rotating shafts on the corresponding side surfaces, and the inner ends of the horizontal pull rods are connected with pull heads on the corresponding side surfaces of the test piece (22) through pin shafts; the bottom end of the lower inclined rod is hinged with the lower rotating shaft on the corresponding side surface; the bottom end of the upper inclined rod, the outer end of the horizontal pull rod and the top end of the lower inclined rod are hinged to the middle rotating shaft.
2. The novel three-way stretch loading device of claim 1, wherein: the size of the base portion is the same as the size of the sample surface.
3. The novel three-way stretch loading device of claim 2, wherein: the base part is bonded and connected with the high-strength adhesive on the surface of the test sample.
4. The novel three-way stretch loading device of claim 1, wherein: the upper inclined rod, the horizontal pull rod and the lower inclined rod are changed in different lengths to change the included angles between the upper inclined rod, the lower inclined rod and the horizontal pull rod.
5. The novel three-way stretch loading device of claim 1, wherein: the through hole arranged on the upper supporting plate (19) is provided with a shaft sleeve for the vertical dowel bar (2) to pass through.
CN202111576286.4A 2021-12-22 2021-12-22 Novel three-dimensional stretching loading device Pending CN115248155A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117074168A (en) * 2023-07-05 2023-11-17 中国矿业大学(北京) Surrounding rock deformation experimental device and method for horizontal and vertical linkage mechanics simulation

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117074168A (en) * 2023-07-05 2023-11-17 中国矿业大学(北京) Surrounding rock deformation experimental device and method for horizontal and vertical linkage mechanics simulation
CN117074168B (en) * 2023-07-05 2024-05-24 中国矿业大学(北京) Surrounding rock deformation experimental device and method for horizontal and vertical linkage mechanics simulation

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