CN115247792A - Garbage fly ash cooperative treatment system and method in garbage power plant - Google Patents

Garbage fly ash cooperative treatment system and method in garbage power plant Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115247792A
CN115247792A CN202210870982.4A CN202210870982A CN115247792A CN 115247792 A CN115247792 A CN 115247792A CN 202210870982 A CN202210870982 A CN 202210870982A CN 115247792 A CN115247792 A CN 115247792A
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garbage
fly ash
treatment
flue gas
power plant
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王学斌
周澳
李靖杰
王建军
马道洋
张仪祥
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/005—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/343—Heat recovery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B01D53/70—Organic halogen compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/005—After-treatment of coke, e.g. calcination desulfurization
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
    • B01D2252/10—Inorganic absorbents
    • B01D2252/103—Water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/206—Organic halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/2064—Chlorine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
    • B01D2258/0291—Flue gases from waste incineration plants

Abstract

The invention discloses a system and a method for co-processing garbage fly ash in a garbage power plant, wherein the system for co-processing the garbage fly ash in the garbage power plant comprises a garbage cracking system, a fly ash processing system and a flue gas waste heat utilization system; the garbage cracking system comprises a drying kiln, a cracking kiln and a coke sorting device; the fly ash treatment system comprises a high-temperature melting furnace, a water washing device and a cooling device; the flue gas waste heat utilization system comprises a waste heat boiler. The system of the invention can realize harmless treatment of the garbage fly ash, and achieve the effect of treating waste by waste; but also can improve the generating efficiency of the garbage power plant, realize the full utilization of resources and have great environmental benefit and economic benefit.

Description

Garbage fly ash cooperative treatment system and method in garbage power plant
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage treatment, relates to the other end of garbage flying ash treatment, and particularly relates to a garbage flying ash cooperative treatment system and method in a garbage power plant.
Background
The garbage incineration power generation is a main mode for treating domestic garbage at the present stage, and the garbage incineration power generation year is estimated to reach 4.1 hundred million tons of garbage treated by 2035 years. The garbage fly ash is a fine particulate matter trapped in a flue gas purification system and a heat recovery system of a garbage power plant, and is a necessary product of garbage incineration.
At present, the waste fly ash contains easily leached heavy metal pollutants and highly toxic dioxin due to the fact that effective classification cannot be carried out before waste incineration, and if the waste fly ash is not effectively treated, secondary pollution can be caused to the environment, and adverse effects can be caused to human health. The existing garbage fly ash treatment mode mainly comprises methods of landfill, high-temperature melting, cement solidification and the like; among them, the landfill method occupies a large amount of land; the cement curing method is easy to cause heavy metal leaching and harm the environment; the high temperature melting method requires a large amount of energy.
Based on the above analysis, the existing garbage fly ash treatment methods have some defects, and a new environment-friendly and economical garbage fly ash treatment method is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a system and a method for co-processing waste fly ash in a waste power plant, so as to solve one or more of the above-mentioned problems. The system or the method provided by the invention can realize harmless treatment of the garbage fly ash, and achieve the effect of treating waste by waste; but also can improve the generating efficiency of the garbage power plant, realize the full utilization of resources and have great environmental benefit and economic benefit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a garbage fly ash cooperative treatment system in a garbage power plant, which comprises:
the drying kiln is used for introducing household garbage, performing drying treatment and outputting the garbage after the drying treatment;
the cracking kiln is used for introducing the garbage after the drying treatment, performing pyrolysis treatment and outputting pyrolysis oil gas and solid products;
the coke sorting device is used for inputting the solid product, performing sorting processing and outputting a classified product; the classified product comprises garbage charcoal;
the washing device is used for introducing the garbage fly ash to be treated, carrying out washing dechlorination treatment on the garbage fly ash and outputting the garbage fly ash subjected to the washing dechlorination treatment;
the high-temperature melting furnace is used for introducing air, the pyrolysis oil gas and the washed dechlorinated garbage fly ash, the washed dechlorinated garbage fly ash is subjected to high-temperature melting treatment by generating a 1300-1500 ℃ high-temperature environment through combustion of the pyrolysis oil gas, and high-temperature flue gas and a high-temperature melt body are output;
the cooling device is used for introducing the high-temperature molten mass, cooling and outputting a cooled product;
the waste heat boiler is used for introducing the high-temperature flue gas, exchanging heat with a preset working medium and outputting the flue gas and the working medium after heat exchange; the heat-exchanged flue gas is sequentially used as a heat source for pyrolysis treatment of the cracking kiln and drying treatment of the drying kiln.
The system of the invention is further improved in that the realization form that the heat-exchanged flue gas is sequentially used as the heat source for the pyrolysis treatment of the cracking kiln and the drying treatment of the drying kiln is specifically that the garbage fly ash cooperative treatment system in the garbage power plant further comprises: a denitration device and a dust remover;
and the flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler is communicated with the inlet of the dust remover sequentially through the denitration device, the outer cylinder of the cracking kiln and the outer cylinder of the drying kiln.
The system of the invention is further improved in that the system also comprises:
and the heat exchanger is arranged between the flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler and the inlet of the denitration device.
The system is further improved in that the drying treatment temperature of the drying kiln is 110-140 ℃.
The system is further improved in that the pyrolysis treatment temperature of the pyrolysis kiln is 350-450 ℃.
The system of the invention is further improved in that the cooling device is a water quenching cooling device.
The invention provides a cooperative treatment method of garbage fly ash in a garbage power plant, which is based on the cooperative treatment system of the garbage fly ash in the garbage power plant, and comprises the following steps:
the household garbage in the garbage power plant is sent into a drying kiln for drying and dehydration;
feeding the dried household garbage into a cracking kiln for pyrolysis to generate pyrolysis oil gas and garbage carbon;
feeding the garbage fly ash to be treated into a washing device for washing dechlorination;
the generated pyrolysis oil gas and air are sent into a high-temperature melting furnace together for full combustion to form a high-temperature environment of 1300-1500 ℃; feeding the garbage fly ash subjected to water washing dechlorination treatment and a fluxing agent in a predetermined proportion into a high-temperature melting furnace for high-temperature melting, and outputting high-temperature flue gas and a high-temperature melt;
feeding the high-temperature molten mass into a water cooling device for quenching and forming to form a glass body;
introducing the high-temperature flue gas into a waste heat boiler for waste heat utilization; and the flue gas after waste heat utilization sequentially enters a cracking kiln and a drying kiln to provide heat for garbage pyrolysis and drying.
The method is further improved in that when the flue gas after waste heat utilization sequentially enters the cracking kiln and the drying kiln to provide heat for pyrolysis and drying of the garbage, the flow direction of the flue gas is opposite to the garbage treatment direction.
The method of the invention is further improved in that the method also comprises the following steps:
introducing the flue gas output by the drying kiln into a dust remover to remove fly ash in the flue gas, inputting the flue gas into a flue gas treatment system of a garbage power plant for treatment, and then discharging; and sending the secondary fly ash collected by the dust collector into a high-temperature melting furnace for melting treatment.
The method of the invention is further improved in that the method also comprises the following steps:
and sending the generated garbage carbon into a garbage incineration boiler to be incinerated together with the garbage to generate power.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the system provided by the invention comprises a garbage cracking system, a fly ash treatment system and a flue gas waste heat utilization system; the garbage cracking system comprises a drying kiln, a cracking kiln and a coke sorting device; the fly ash treatment system comprises a high-temperature melting furnace, a water washing device and a cooling device; the flue gas waste heat utilization system comprises a waste heat boiler (further preferably, the flue gas waste heat utilization system also comprises a denitration device and a dust remover); the invention can realize harmless disposal of the garbage fly ash and achieve the effect of treating waste by waste; but also can improve the generating efficiency of the garbage power plant, realize the full utilization of resources and have great environmental benefit and economic benefit.
The specific effects of the method provided by the invention comprise: (1) The household garbage in the garbage power plant is pyrolyzed to generate pyrolysis oil gas with high quality or high heat value, the pyrolysis oil gas is combusted in air or pure oxygen atmosphere to generate high-temperature environment to carry out high-temperature melting and vitrification treatment on hazardous waste 'garbage fly ash' generated by an original garbage incinerator in the garbage power plant, and energy supply in the garbage fly ash high-temperature melting process does not need off-site fuel and electric energy, so that zero fuel or zero power consumption in the garbage fly ash melting and vitrification process is realized, and the problem of high cost of the existing natural gas melting furnace and plasma torch melting is thoroughly solved; (2) The raw material for drying and pyrolysis is domestic garbage, belongs to solid waste, and can be directly utilized in a garbage power plant, so that the purpose of treating waste by waste is realized, the treatment cost of the garbage power plant is reduced, or the garbage treatment capacity of the garbage power plant can be increased in a variable way; (3) The garbage carbon generated by the pyrolysis of the household garbage can directly enter a boiler of a garbage power plant to generate power, and the generated flue gas is directly treated by a flue gas treatment system of the power plant, so that the operation and treatment are convenient, and the environment-friendly investment cost of the garbage power plant in the aspect of treating garbage fly ash can be reduced; (4) Flue gas generated by the melting furnace passes through the waste heat boiler and the heat exchanger and then enters the pyrolysis kiln and the drying kiln to be used as heat sources for pyrolysis and drying, so that efficient utilization and gradient utilization of energy are realized, a large amount of heat energy in the treatment process of garbage fly ash is utilized, and the operation cost is reduced; (5) The fly ash is subjected to water washing dechlorination and then enters a high-temperature melting furnace for melting treatment, so that the generation of dioxin is avoided; the temperature of the melting furnace can reach more than 1500 ℃, so that the original dioxin in the garbage flying ash can be decomposed; the heavy metals in the waste fly ash can be solidified in the glass generated by melting, and the ash content in the flue gas is collected by the dust remover and then enters the melting furnace again, so that the release of the heavy metals in the fly ash is prevented, and the process system can realize the harmless treatment of the waste fly ash.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art are briefly introduced below; it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for co-processing waste fly ash in a waste power plant according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for co-processing waste fly ash in a waste power plant according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a simulated curve of the relationship between the combustion temperature of pyrolysis oil gas and the oxygen content at the oxygen content of 21% in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a simulated curve of the relationship between the combustion temperature of pyrolysis oil gas and the oxygen content at the oxygen content of 40% in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a simulation curve of the relationship between the combustion temperature of pyrolysis oil gas and the oxygen content when the oxygen content is 100% in the embodiment of the invention;
in the figure, 1, domestic waste; 2. drying the kiln; 3. cracking kiln; 4. a high temperature melting furnace; 5. a coke sorting device; 6. a waste heat boiler; 7. a heat exchanger; 8. a denitration device; 9. a dust remover; 10. a flue gas treatment system; 11. garbage fly ash; 12. a water washing device; 13. and a cooling device.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, a system for co-processing garbage fly ash in a garbage power plant according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the system comprises a garbage cracking system, a fly ash treatment system and a flue gas waste heat utilization system; the garbage cracking system comprises a drying kiln 2, a cracking kiln 3 and a coke sorting device 5; the fly ash treatment system comprises a high-temperature melting furnace 4, a water washing device 12 and a cooling device 13 (which can be a water quenching cooling device for example); the flue gas waste heat utilization system comprises a waste heat boiler 6, a heat exchanger 7, a denitration device 8 and a dust remover 9.
In the embodiment of the invention, an inlet of a drying kiln 2 is used for introducing household garbage 1, an outlet is communicated with an inlet of a cracking kiln 3, and an outlet of an inner cylinder of the cracking kiln 3 is respectively connected with an inlet of a high-temperature melting furnace 4 and an inlet of a coke sorting device 5 and used for conveying pyrolysis oil gas and garbage carbon; the inlet of the high-temperature melting furnace 4 is also communicated with the outlet of the water washing device 12, the garbage fly ash 11 after being washed by water is sent into the high-temperature melting furnace 4, and meanwhile, a fluxing agent with the proportion of 5 to 10 percent, such as common limestone, ceramsite, siO2 quartz and the like, can be added at the inlet; the high-temperature melting furnace 4 is provided with two outlets, wherein one outlet is a high-temperature flue gas outlet and is connected with the waste heat boiler 6, and the other outlet is connected with a water cooling device to quench and form the melted garbage fly ash; the exhaust-heat boiler 6 utilizes the heat of high temperature flue gas to change the cold working medium of import into hot working medium and send out, and a miniature heat exchanger 7 is connected to its exhanst gas outlet, cools down the flue gas, and the export of heat exchanger 7 is connected with denitrification facility 8, carries out denitration treatment to the flue gas. An outlet of the denitration device 8 is connected with an inlet of an outer cylinder of the cracking kiln 3, an outlet of the outer cylinder is connected with an outlet of the drying kiln 2, and flue gas is used as a heat source for pyrolysis and drying. The outlet of the outer cylinder of the drying kiln 2 is connected with a dust remover 9 for removing dust again, and the outlet of the dust remover 9 is connected with a flue gas treatment system 10 of a garbage power plant.
In the embodiment of the invention, the inlet of the water washing device 12 is filled with the garbage fly ash 11 to be treated; the outlet of the coke sorting device 5 is made of garbage carbon, metal, glass and other substances; further specifically, the generated garbage carbon can be sent to a boiler of a garbage power plant to be mixed with garbage for incineration to generate power.
It is further preferable in the embodiment of the present invention that the secondary fly ash collected in the dust collector 9 is re-fed into the high-temperature melting furnace 4 to be melted.
Based on the system for the cooperative treatment of the garbage fly ash in the garbage power plant provided by the embodiment of the invention, the embodiment of the invention also provides a method for treating the garbage fly ash by using the device, which comprises the following steps:
the household garbage 1 in the garbage power plant is sent into a drying kiln 2 for drying and dehydration, and the temperature of the drying kiln 2 is 110-140 ℃;
feeding the dried household garbage 1 into a cracking kiln 3 for pyrolysis to generate pyrolysis oil gas and garbage carbon, wherein the temperature of the cracking kiln 3 is 350-450 ℃;
feeding the waste fly ash 11 generated by waste incineration into a washing device 12 for washing and dechlorinating, so as to avoid the generation of dioxin in the melting process;
the generated pyrolysis oil gas and air are sent into a high-temperature melting furnace 4 together for full combustion to form a high-temperature environment of 1300-1500 ℃. Meanwhile, the washed garbage fly ash is matched with a certain proportion of fluxing agent and sent into a high-temperature melting furnace 4 for high-temperature melting;
feeding the molten high-temperature melt into a water cooling device for quenching and forming, wherein the formed glass body can be used as a glass building material;
high-temperature flue gas discharged from the high-temperature melting furnace 4 is introduced into the waste heat boiler 6 to be subjected to waste heat utilization, is cooled by the heat exchanger 7 and then enters the denitration device 8 to be subjected to denitration, and then enters the cracking kiln 3 and the drying kiln 2 to provide heat for garbage pyrolysis and drying. Preferably, the flow direction of the flue gas is opposite to the direction of the garbage treatment;
the flue gas from the drying kiln 2 is firstly treated by a dust remover 9 to remove most of fly ash in the flue gas, and then enters a flue gas treatment system 10 of a power plant for treatment and then is discharged;
the secondary fly ash collected by the dust remover 9 is sent into the high-temperature melting furnace 4 again for melting treatment;
the coke generated by pyrolysis is removed by a sorting device from substances such as non-combustible metal, glass and the like and then is sent to a waste incineration boiler to be incinerated with waste for power generation.
The embodiment of the invention provides the invention point analysis of the technical scheme: the pyrolysis technology has wide application prospect as a novel solid waste disposal technology, and has the advantages of less discharged flue gas amount and air pollutants, effective reduction of greenhouse gas emission and the like compared with the traditional incineration technology.
Pyrolysis technology has now gained increasing use, particularly in biomass, sludge and household waste. And the oil gas and coke produced by pyrolysis can be reused, particularly the calorific value of the oil gas produced by pyrolysis can reach 13MJ/kg, thereby generating greater economic benefit. Therefore, if the pyrolysis technology can be combined with the treatment of the garbage fly ash, the pyrolysis oil gas generated by the pyrolysis of the household garbage is used as a heat source for the treatment of the garbage fly ash, and the method is a new environment-friendly and economic garbage fly ash treatment mode.
The invention utilizes the domestic garbage in the garbage power plant to pyrolyze to generate high-quality or high-heat value pyrolysis oil gas, utilizes the high-temperature environment generated by the combustion of the pyrolysis oil gas in the air or pure oxygen atmosphere to carry out high-temperature melting on hazardous waste 'garbage fly ash' generated by the original garbage incinerator in the garbage power plant and carry out vitrification treatment on the energy supply of the garbage fly ash in the high-temperature melting process without off-site fuel and electric energy, realizes zero fuel or zero power consumption in the 'garbage fly ash' melting vitrification process, and thoroughly solves the problem of high cost of the existing natural gas melting furnace and plasma torch melting; the raw material for drying and pyrolysis is domestic garbage, belongs to solid waste, and can be directly utilized in a garbage power plant, so that the purpose of treating waste by waste is realized, the treatment cost of the garbage power plant is reduced, or the garbage treatment capacity of the garbage power plant can be increased in a variable way; the garbage carbon generated by the pyrolysis of the household garbage can directly enter a boiler of a garbage power plant to generate power, and the generated flue gas is directly treated by a flue gas treatment system of the power plant. The operation and treatment are convenient, and the environmental protection investment cost of a garbage power plant in the aspect of treating garbage fly ash can be reduced; flue gas generated by the melting furnace passes through the waste heat boiler and the heat exchanger and then enters the pyrolysis kiln and the drying kiln to be used as heat sources for pyrolysis and drying, so that efficient utilization and gradient utilization of energy are realized, a large amount of heat energy in the disposal process of garbage fly ash is utilized, and the operation cost is reduced; the fly ash is subjected to water washing dechlorination and then enters a high-temperature melting furnace for melting treatment, so that the generation of dioxin is avoided; the temperature of the melting furnace can reach more than 1500 ℃, so that the original dioxin in the waste fly ash can be decomposed; the heavy metals in the waste fly ash can be solidified in the glass generated by melting, and the ash content in the flue gas is collected by the dust remover and then enters the melting furnace again, so that the release of the heavy metals in the fly ash is prevented, and the process system can realize the harmless treatment of the waste fly ash.
Referring to fig. 2, after entering a garbage power plant, the garbage respectively enters a garbage power generation system for power generation and a fly ash co-processing system to serve as raw materials for garbage fly ash processing, the garbage is changed into slag and clean flue gas after passing through the garbage power generation system, and the garbage is changed into glass building materials after passing through the fly ash co-processing system; inside the system, the fly ash cooperative treatment system can provide high-temperature flue gas and garbage carbon with a certain calorific value for the garbage power generation system for boiler power generation, and simultaneously, hazardous waste fly ash generated by the garbage power generation system is timely treated, so that garbage is treated by using garbage, waste is treated by using waste, not only is the garbage and the garbage fly ash treated, but also the garbage resource is fully utilized, and the system has great environmental benefit and economic benefit.
Referring to fig. 3 to 5, in order to ensure that the combustion temperature of the pyrolysis oil gas in the high-temperature melting furnace can reach a high temperature of 1300 ℃ to 1500 ℃, as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the adiabatic combustion temperature and the possible actual combustion temperature of the combustion of the pyrolysis oil gas of the garbage under the condition of different oxygen contents are simulated by taking garbage used by a garbage power plant which is processed for 100t/d at a certain day as a prototype, and it can be seen from the figure that when the air distribution is air, the optimal air distribution amount is about 11000kg/h, but the actual combustion temperature is at most 1588 ℃; when the air distribution is air with 40 percent of oxygen content, the optimal air distribution is about 5500kg/h, the actual combustion temperature can reach up to 2000 ℃, and the requirement of a high-temperature melting furnace is met; when the air distribution is pure oxygen, the optimal air distribution amount is about 2500kg/h, and the actual combustion temperature is up to 2300 ℃; therefore, in the present embodiment, the air distribution of the high-temperature melting furnace can be made to be air with an oxygen content of 21% to 40%, thereby achieving the temperature required for the high-temperature melting furnace.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention discloses a method and a system for co-processing garbage fly ash in a garbage power plant, wherein the system comprises a garbage cracking system, a fly ash processing system and a flue gas waste heat utilization system, wherein the garbage cracking system comprises a drying kiln, a cracking kiln and a coke sorting device; the fly ash treatment system comprises a high-temperature melting furnace, a water washing device and a cooling device; the flue gas waste heat utilization system comprises a waste heat boiler, a heat exchanger, a denitration device and a dust remover. The method comprises the steps of treating the garbage flying ash in a garbage power plant by adopting a high-temperature melting treatment method, washing and dechlorinating the flying ash in advance to avoid the generation of dioxin in the flying ash treatment process, using high-heat-value oil gas generated by pyrolysis of household garbage as a heat source for the high-temperature melting treatment, sending high-temperature flue gas from a melting furnace into a waste heat boiler to generate electricity, and then introducing the generated electricity into a cracking kiln and a drying kiln to pyrolyze and dry the household garbage.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A system for the cooperative processing of waste fly ash in a waste power plant is characterized by comprising:
the drying kiln (2) is used for introducing household garbage, performing drying treatment and outputting the garbage after the drying treatment;
the cracking kiln (3) is used for introducing the garbage subjected to drying treatment, performing pyrolysis treatment and outputting pyrolysis oil gas and solid products;
the coke sorting device (5) is used for inputting the solid product, performing sorting processing on the solid product and outputting a classified product; the classified product comprises garbage charcoal;
the washing device (12) is used for introducing the garbage fly ash to be treated, carrying out washing dechlorination treatment on the garbage fly ash, and outputting the garbage fly ash after the washing dechlorination treatment;
the high-temperature melting furnace (4) is used for introducing air, the pyrolysis oil gas and the washed dechlorinated garbage fly ash, the pyrolysis oil gas is combusted to generate a 1300-1500 ℃ high-temperature environment for performing high-temperature melting treatment on the washed dechlorinated garbage fly ash, and high-temperature flue gas and high-temperature melt are output;
the cooling device (13) is used for introducing the high-temperature molten mass, performing cooling treatment and outputting a cooled product;
the waste heat boiler (6) is used for introducing the high-temperature flue gas, exchanging heat with a preset working medium and outputting the flue gas and the working medium after heat exchange; the heat-exchanged flue gas is sequentially used as a heat source for pyrolysis treatment of the cracking kiln (3) and drying treatment of the drying kiln (2).
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the heat-exchanged flue gas is sequentially used as a heat source for the pyrolysis treatment in the cracking kiln (3) and the drying treatment in the drying kiln (2) in the co-processing system of garbage fly ash in the garbage power plant, and the system further comprises: a denitration device (8) and a dust remover (9);
and a flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler (6) is communicated with an inlet of the dust remover (9) through the denitration device (8), the outer cylinder of the cracking kiln (3) and the outer cylinder of the drying kiln (2) in sequence.
3. The system of claim 2, further comprising:
the heat exchanger (7) is arranged between the flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler (6) and the inlet of the denitration device (8).
4. The system for the co-processing of the fly ash of the garbage in the garbage power plant according to the claim 1, wherein the drying temperature of the drying kiln (2) is 110 ℃ to 140 ℃.
5. The system for the co-processing of the fly ash of garbage in the garbage power plant according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis temperature of the pyrolysis kiln (3) is 350 ℃ to 450 ℃.
6. The system for the co-processing of the fly ash of garbage power plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cooling device (13) is a water quenching cooling device.
7. The method for co-processing the waste fly ash in the waste power plant is characterized in that based on the system for co-processing the waste fly ash in the waste power plant of claim 1, the method for co-processing the waste fly ash in the waste power plant comprises the following steps:
the household garbage in the garbage power plant is sent into a drying kiln (2) for drying and dehydration;
feeding the dried household garbage into a cracking kiln (3) for pyrolysis to generate pyrolysis oil gas and garbage carbon;
feeding the garbage fly ash to be treated into a washing device (12) for washing dechlorination;
the generated pyrolysis oil gas and air are sent into a high-temperature melting furnace (4) together for full combustion to form a high-temperature environment of 1300-1500 ℃; feeding the garbage fly ash subjected to water washing dechlorination treatment into a high-temperature melting furnace (4) together with a melting aid in a predetermined proportion for high-temperature melting, and outputting high-temperature flue gas and a high-temperature molten mass;
feeding the high-temperature molten mass into a water cooling device for quenching and forming to form a glass body;
introducing the high-temperature flue gas into a waste heat boiler (6) for waste heat utilization; and the flue gas after waste heat utilization sequentially enters a cracking kiln (3) and a drying kiln (2) to provide heat for garbage pyrolysis and drying.
8. The method for the co-processing of the fly ash of the garbage in the garbage power plant according to claim 7, wherein the flue gas after the waste heat utilization sequentially enters the cracking kiln (3) and the drying kiln (2) to provide heat for the pyrolysis and the drying of the garbage, and the flow direction of the flue gas is opposite to the garbage processing direction.
9. The method of claim 7, further comprising the steps of:
the flue gas output by the drying kiln (2) is introduced into a dust remover (9) to remove fly ash in the flue gas, and then is input into a flue gas treatment system of a garbage power plant for treatment and then is discharged; and sending the secondary fly ash collected by the dust collector (9) into a high-temperature melting furnace (4) for melting treatment.
10. The method of claim 7, further comprising the steps of:
and sending the generated garbage carbon into a garbage incineration boiler to be incinerated together with the garbage to generate power.
CN202210870982.4A 2022-07-22 2022-07-22 Garbage fly ash cooperative treatment system and method in garbage power plant Pending CN115247792A (en)

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CN202210870982.4A CN115247792A (en) 2022-07-22 2022-07-22 Garbage fly ash cooperative treatment system and method in garbage power plant

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