CN115238554A - An Analysis Method Based on Multiphysics Bidirectional Coupling Refinement Modeling - Google Patents
An Analysis Method Based on Multiphysics Bidirectional Coupling Refinement Modeling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于多物理场双向耦合精细化建模的分析方法，该方法包括：研究所涉及物理场的确定；各物理场模型的建立；分析电‑磁‑热多物理场耦合机理及形式；多物理场双向耦合瞬态精细化模型的建立；多物理场耦合模型的求解；电磁特性、能耗及温升测试试验；判断研究对象内部能耗、温升分布随时间与空间位置的瞬态变化规律以及温升作用下的电磁特性变化规律；得到多物理场耦合特性。本发明通过电场、磁场和热场的物理场所耦合，考虑到损耗累积产生的温度变化的同时，结合热特性对导体电阻率、软磁材料磁导率及永磁体工作点的影响，减少铁耗模型描述机构内部损耗特性的误差，从而提高分析结果的准确性。
The invention discloses an analysis method based on multi-physics bidirectional coupling fine modeling, the method includes: determining the physical fields involved in the research; establishing each physical field model; analyzing the coupling mechanism of electric-magnetic-thermal multi-physical fields and form; establishment of multi-physics bidirectional coupling transient refined model; solution of multi-physics coupling model; electromagnetic characteristics, energy consumption and temperature rise test experiments; judgment of the internal energy consumption and temperature rise distribution of the research object over time and space The transient change law of , and the change law of electromagnetic characteristics under the action of temperature rise; the multi-physics coupling characteristics are obtained. Through the physical field coupling of the electric field, the magnetic field and the thermal field, the invention takes into account the temperature change caused by the accumulation of losses, and combines the influence of the thermal characteristics on the resistivity of the conductor, the permeability of the soft magnetic material and the working point of the permanent magnet, so as to reduce the iron loss. The model describes the error of the internal loss characteristics of the mechanism, thereby improving the accuracy of the analysis results.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及仿真分析技术领域，具体涉及一种基于多物理场双向耦合精细化建模的分析方法。The invention relates to the technical field of simulation analysis, in particular to an analysis method based on multi-physics bidirectional coupling refined modeling.
背景技术Background technique
电磁机构或电机的运行是一个包含了电场、磁场和热场等多场耦合的复杂过程，这些物理场之间互相影响、彼此制约。电磁机构或电机正常运行状态下，需要协调各物理场之间的关系，使各物理场之间达到相对平衡的状态。分布不合理会产生诸多问题，影响电磁机构或电机的电气性能。因此，明确各物理场特性间的相互关系及影响因素，系统化的研究电磁机构或电机的多物理场耦合特性显得尤为重要。The operation of an electromagnetic mechanism or motor is a complex process involving the coupling of multiple fields such as electric, magnetic and thermal fields, and these physical fields influence and restrict each other. In the normal operation state of the electromagnetic mechanism or motor, the relationship between the physical fields needs to be coordinated, so that the physical fields can reach a relatively balanced state. Unreasonable distribution will cause many problems and affect the electrical performance of the electromagnetic mechanism or motor. Therefore, it is particularly important to clarify the interrelationships and influencing factors among the characteristics of various physical fields, and to systematically study the multi-physics coupling characteristics of electromagnetic mechanisms or motors.
现阶段对于电磁机构或电机多物理场耦合特性的研究也不少，但精确度不高，原因在于使用的铁耗模型能够描述机构内部损耗特性，误差较大，导致能耗求解精度较低，进而影响温升特性的求解精度；对于电磁机构或电机多物理场耦合特性的研究大多为单向耦合，只考虑了损耗累积产生的温度变化，而忽略了热特性对导体电阻率、软磁材料磁导率及永磁体工作点的影响。At this stage, there are also many studies on the multi-physics coupling characteristics of electromagnetic mechanisms or motors, but the accuracy is not high. The reason is that the iron loss model used can describe the internal loss characteristics of the mechanism, and the error is large, resulting in low energy consumption solution accuracy. In turn, it affects the solution accuracy of the temperature rise characteristics; most of the studies on the multi-physics coupling characteristics of electromagnetic mechanisms or motors are one-way coupling, only considering the temperature change caused by the accumulation of losses, while ignoring the thermal characteristics of the conductor resistivity, soft magnetic materials. The effect of permeability and the working point of permanent magnets.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明针对上述的不足之处提供一种误差小、高精度的多物理场双向耦合精细化建模的分析方法。Aiming at the above shortcomings, the present invention provides an analysis method for multi-physics bidirectional coupling refined modeling with small error and high precision.
本发明目的是这样实现的：一种基于多物理场双向耦合精细化建模的分析方法，其特征在于：所述该分析方法的步骤如下：The purpose of the present invention is to achieve: an analysis method based on multi-physics bidirectional coupling refined modeling, characterized in that: the steps of the analysis method are as follows:
S1：研究所涉及物理场的确定；S1: Determination of the physical fields involved in the research;
S2：各物理场模型的建立；S2: Establishment of each physical field model;
S3：分析电-磁-热多物理场耦合机理及形式；S3: Analyze the coupling mechanism and form of electrical-magnetic-thermal multiphysics;
S4：多物理场双向耦合瞬态精细化模型的建立；S4: Establishment of a multi-physics bidirectional coupled transient refined model;
S5：多物理场耦合模型的求解；S5: Solution of the multiphysics coupling model;
S6：电磁特性、能耗及温升测试试验；S6: Electromagnetic characteristics, energy consumption and temperature rise test;
S7：判断步骤S5中研究对象内部能耗、温升分布随时间与空间位置的瞬态变化规律以及温升作用下的电磁特性变化规律与步骤S6中电磁特性、能耗及温升作用下的电磁特性进行吻合？S7: Determine the transient change law of the internal energy consumption and temperature rise distribution of the research object in step S5 with time and space position, and the change law of electromagnetic characteristics under the action of temperature rise and the electromagnetic characteristics, energy consumption and temperature rise in step S6. Electromagnetic properties to match?
S8：吻合一致，则得到多物理场耦合特性，吻合不一致，重复步骤S5至步骤S6。S8: If the agreement is consistent, the multi-physics coupling characteristics are obtained, and the agreement is inconsistent, and steps S5 to S6 are repeated.
优选的，所述步骤S2中各物理场模型的建立及正确性验证借助于电磁分析有限元软件；所述物理场模型包括电场模型、磁场模型和热场模型。电磁分析有限元软件采用有限元法，耦合模型采用3D模型，可以自定义铁耗计算模型以达到不同的计算精度需求，以非简化的能耗分布为热源进行热场计算，热场的分析结果可以反向耦合，以调整电磁场中的材料特性；电磁分析有限元软件可以采用JMAG18.1版本。Preferably, the establishment and correctness verification of each physical field model in the step S2 is performed by means of electromagnetic analysis finite element software; the physical field model includes an electric field model, a magnetic field model and a thermal field model. The electromagnetic analysis finite element software adopts the finite element method, and the coupling model adopts the 3D model. The iron loss calculation model can be customized to meet different calculation accuracy requirements, and the thermal field calculation is performed with the non-simplified energy consumption distribution as the heat source. Reverse coupling can be used to adjust material properties in electromagnetic fields; electromagnetic analysis finite element software can use JMAG18.1 version.
优选的，所述电场模型包含电源和内部线圈，激励电流的频率和幅值以及线圈电阻的变化对能耗中铜耗大小的影响；Preferably, the electric field model includes the power supply and the inner coil, the frequency and amplitude of the excitation current and the influence of the change of the coil resistance on the copper consumption in the energy consumption;
所述磁场模型包含模型材料的添加，激励电流的加载和运动条件的设置，永磁体和软磁材料属性、磁感应强度、激励电流频率和运动条件的变化对能耗中铁损大小的影响；The magnetic field model includes the addition of model materials, the loading of excitation current and the setting of motion conditions, the effects of changes in the properties of permanent magnets and soft magnetic materials, magnetic induction, frequency of excitation current and motion conditions on the magnitude of iron loss in energy consumption;
所述热场模型包含模型材料的添加和热电路，热交换边界的设置，热交换系数、导热系数和热源的确定，能耗的分布和累积对温升大小的影响。The thermal field model includes the addition of model materials and thermal circuits, the setting of heat exchange boundaries, the determination of heat exchange coefficient, thermal conductivity and heat source, and the influence of energy consumption distribution and accumulation on temperature rise.
优选的，所述步骤S3中分析电-磁-热多物理场耦合机理及形式，包括对材料饱和、激励条件对涡流、杂散等动态损耗的影响；通过建立铁耗分离、可变系数的能耗理论模型，分析机构内部的生热、传热与散热机理以及热特性对电阻率、磁导率及永磁体工作点的影响。Preferably, in the step S3, the electro-magnetic-thermal multi-physics coupling mechanism and form are analyzed, including the influence of material saturation and excitation conditions on dynamic losses such as eddy currents and stray currents; The theoretical model of energy consumption analyzes the mechanism of heat generation, heat transfer and heat dissipation inside the mechanism and the influence of thermal characteristics on resistivity, magnetic permeability and the working point of permanent magnets.
优选的，所述建立铁耗分离、可变系数的能耗理论模型包括：Preferably, the establishment of a theoretical model of energy consumption for separation of iron consumption and variable coefficient includes:
式中σ-铁磁材料电导率；h-铁心叠片厚度；δ-铁磁材料密度；T、f-基波的周期和频率；Bm、ΔBi-一个周期内磁密最大值和局部磁密变化量；n-局部磁密变换次数；where σ-conductivity of ferromagnetic material; h-core lamination thickness; δ-density of ferromagnetic material; T, f-period and frequency of fundamental wave; B m , ΔB i - maximum and local magnetic density in a period Magnetic density variation; n-number of local magnetic density transformations;
对经典Bertotti三项常系数铁耗模型进行变式得到式(3)：Equation (3) is obtained by changing the classic Bertotti three-term constant coefficient iron loss model:
Steinmetz系数α的取值，由传统电机设计理论可知，其值一般取1.6-2.2，kh、ke、ka分别是磁滞损耗，涡流损耗，杂散损耗的损耗系数；The value of the Steinmetz coefficient α is known from the traditional motor design theory, and its value is generally 1.6-2.2, and k h , ke , and ka are the loss coefficients of hysteresis loss, eddy current loss, and stray loss, respectively;
利用实测得到的损耗数据，可得式(4)：Using the measured loss data, equation (4) can be obtained:
对该式在某一频率下以B为变量进行拟合求解(可取1、2、3阶曲线拟合)，如下：The formula is fitted and solved with B as a variable at a certain frequency (1st, 2nd, and 3rd order curve fitting can be taken), as follows:
ke＝ke0+ke1B+ke2B2+ke3B3 式(5)k e =k e0 +k e1 B+k e2 B 2 +k e3 B 3 Formula (5)
ka＝ka0+ka1B+ka2B2+ka3B3 式(6)k a =k a0 +k a1 B+k a2 B 2 +k a3 B 3 Formula (6)
logα＝log kh+(α0+α1B+α2B2+α3B3)log B 式(7)logα=log k h +(α 0 +α 1 B+α 2 B 2 +α 3 B 3 )log B Equation (7)
在同一频率下，需对不同磁密点进行拟合，得到系数ke0、ke1、ke2、ke3、kh、a0、a1、a2、a3后，即可得到任意频率和磁密下的损耗系数；At the same frequency, it is necessary to fit different magnetic density points to obtain the coefficients k e0 , k e1 , k e2 , k e3 , k h , a 0 , a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , and then any frequency can be obtained and the loss coefficient under the magnetic density;
其中热特性对电阻率、磁导率及永磁体工作点的影响包含：The influence of thermal characteristics on resistivity, permeability and the working point of permanent magnets includes:
温升对执行器线圈电阻的影响可表示为式(8)和式(9)：The effect of temperature rise on the actuator coil resistance can be expressed as equations (8) and (9):
式中：R为线圈电阻；为电阻增加系数；ρt为t0温度下的电阻率；A0为导线截面积；β为导线电阻的温度系数；t为导线温度；In the formula: R is the coil resistance; is the resistance increase coefficient; ρ t is the resistivity at t 0 temperature; A 0 is the cross-sectional area of the wire; β is the temperature coefficient of the wire resistance; t is the wire temperature;
软磁材料起始磁导率可用式(10)近似计算：The initial permeability of soft magnetic materials can be approximated by equation (10):
式中：μ0为常温下的磁导率；MS为饱和磁化强度；Ku为磁各向异性常数；MS和Ku随温度变化的情况不同；where μ 0 is the magnetic permeability at room temperature; MS is the saturation magnetization; Ku is the magnetic anisotropy constant; MS and Ku vary with temperature;
温度变化对永磁体剩磁影响可表示为式(11)：The effect of temperature change on permanent magnet remanence can be expressed as formula (11):
式中：Brt1为t1温度下的剩磁强度；Brt0为t0温度下的剩磁强度；IL为剩磁强度的不可逆损失率；
优选的，所述步骤S4中多物理场双向耦合瞬态精细化模型的建立基于步骤S3，以电磁场分析的损耗结果作为热场分析的热源，分析温升作用对线圈电阻率、软磁材料磁导率及永磁体工作点的影响，然后根据热场分析结果对激励电流的频率和幅值、线圈电阻率以及永磁体和软磁材料属性进行修正，不断修改反馈结果，使得仿真结果更精确。Preferably, the establishment of the multi-physics bidirectional coupling transient refinement model in the step S4 is based on the step S3, and the loss result of the electromagnetic field analysis is used as the heat source of the thermal field analysis to analyze the effect of temperature rise on the resistivity of the coil and the magnetic properties of the soft magnetic material. Conductivity and the influence of the working point of the permanent magnet, and then correct the frequency and amplitude of the excitation current, the coil resistivity, and the properties of the permanent magnet and soft magnetic materials according to the thermal field analysis results, and constantly modify the feedback results to make the simulation results more accurate.
优选的，所述步骤S5的多物理场耦合模型的求解可以得到研究对象内部能耗、温升分布随时间与空间位置的瞬态变化规律以及温升作用下的电磁特性变化规律。Preferably, the solution of the multi-physics coupling model in the step S5 can obtain the internal energy consumption of the research object, the transient change law of the temperature rise distribution with time and space position, and the change law of the electromagnetic characteristics under the action of temperature rise.
本发明的有益效果：1、通过电场、磁场和热场的物理场所耦合，考虑到损耗累积产生的温度变化的同时，结合热特性对导体电阻率、软磁材料磁导率及永磁体工作点的影响，减少铁耗模型描述机构内部损耗特性的误差，从而提高分析结果的准确性。Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1. Through the physical field coupling of electric field, magnetic field and thermal field, taking into account the temperature change generated by the accumulation of loss, combined with thermal characteristics, conductor resistivity, soft magnetic material permeability and permanent magnet operating point The influence of iron loss model reduces the error of describing the internal loss characteristics of the mechanism, thereby improving the accuracy of the analysis results.
2、通过铁耗分离变系数三项式模型，将误差缩小到5％以内；在涡流损耗项中和磁滞损耗项中引入附加磁通密度项，用于考虑磁路饱和导致的涡流损耗增加及由于谐波磁场引起的磁滞损耗增加，使得铁耗模型更加完善和精确；通过场分析结果对激励电流的频率和幅值、线圈电阻率以及永磁体和软磁材料属性进行修正，进一步提高分析结果的准确性。2. Through the iron loss separation variable coefficient trinomial model, the error is reduced to less than 5%; the additional magnetic flux density term is introduced into the eddy current loss term and the hysteresis loss term to consider the eddy current loss caused by the saturation of the magnetic circuit The increase and the increase of the hysteresis loss due to the harmonic magnetic field make the iron loss model more complete and accurate; the frequency and amplitude of the excitation current, the coil resistivity, and the properties of the permanent magnet and soft magnetic materials are corrected through the field analysis results, and further Improve the accuracy of analysis results.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的流程图。FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本发明做进一步概括。The present invention is further summarized below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，一种基于多物理场双向耦合精细化建模的分析方法，方法包括：As shown in Figure 1, an analysis method based on multi-physics bidirectional coupling refined modeling, the method includes:
S1：研究所涉及物理场的确定；步骤S1的研究所涉及物理场的确定包含电场，磁场，热场。S1: The research involves the determination of the physical field; the research in step S1 involves the determination of the physical field, including electric field, magnetic field, and thermal field.
S2：各物理场模型的建立；步骤S2的各物理场模型的建立借助于电磁分析有限元软件。电场模型包含电源和内部线圈；磁场模型包含模型材料的添加，激励电流的加载和运动条件的设置；热场模型包含模型材料的添加和热电路，热交换边界的设置，热交换系数、导热系数和热源的确定。各物理场模型的建立涉及研究对象内部能耗与温升的定量分析。其中电场模型包含激励电流的频率和幅值以及线圈电阻的变化对能耗中铜耗大小的影响；磁场模型包含永磁体和软磁材料属性、磁感应强度、激励电流频率和运动条件的变化对能耗中铁损大小的影响；热场模型包含能耗的分布和累积对温升大小的影响。S2: establishment of each physical field model; the establishment of each physical field model in step S2 is performed by means of electromagnetic analysis finite element software. The electric field model includes the power supply and internal coils; the magnetic field model includes the addition of model materials, the loading of excitation current and the setting of motion conditions; the thermal field model includes the addition of model materials and thermal circuits, the setting of heat exchange boundaries, heat exchange coefficient, thermal conductivity and heat source determination. The establishment of each physical field model involves the quantitative analysis of the internal energy consumption and temperature rise of the research object. The electric field model includes the influence of the frequency and amplitude of the excitation current and the change of the coil resistance on the energy consumption of copper; The influence of iron loss in the consumption; the thermal field model includes the influence of the distribution and accumulation of energy consumption on the temperature rise.
S3：分析电-磁-热多物理场耦合机理及形式；步骤S3的分析电-磁-热多物理场耦合机理及形式包含材料饱和、激励条件对涡流、杂散等动态损耗的影响，建立铁耗分离、可变系数的能耗理论模型，分析研究对象内部的生热、传热与散热机理以及热特性对电阻率、磁导率及永磁体工作点的影响。S3: Analyze the coupling mechanism and form of the electric-magnetic-thermal multi-physics field; in step S3, analyze the coupling mechanism and form of the electric-magnetic-thermal multi-physics field, including the influence of material saturation, excitation conditions on eddy current, stray and other dynamic losses, and establish The theoretical model of energy consumption with separation of iron loss and variable coefficient analyzes the internal heat generation, heat transfer and heat dissipation mechanism of the research object, as well as the influence of thermal characteristics on resistivity, magnetic permeability and the working point of permanent magnets.
其中建立铁耗分离、可变系数的能耗理论模型包括：Among them, the theoretical model of energy consumption for establishing iron consumption separation and variable coefficient includes:
式中σ-铁磁材料电导率；h-铁心叠片厚度；δ-铁磁材料密度；T、f-基波的周期和频率；Bm、ΔBi-一个周期内磁密最大值和局部磁密变化量；n-局部磁密变换次数。where σ-conductivity of ferromagnetic material; h-core lamination thickness; δ-density of ferromagnetic material; T, f-period and frequency of fundamental wave; B m , ΔB i - maximum and local magnetic density in a period Magnetic density variation; n-the number of local magnetic density transformations.
上述式(1)和式(2)所示，铁耗计算模型是目前利用有限元计算电机铁耗最常用的一种模型，该模型对大多数硅钢片的计算误差在10％以内，足以描述研究对象内部的损耗特性，而本发明使用的铁耗分离变系数三项式模型可进一步将误差缩小到5％以内。As shown in the above formulas (1) and (2), the iron loss calculation model is currently the most commonly used model for calculating the iron loss of a motor using finite element. The calculation error of this model for most silicon steel sheets is within 10%, which is sufficient to describe The internal loss characteristics of the object are studied, and the iron loss separation variable coefficient trinomial model used in the present invention can further reduce the error to within 5%.
对经典Bertotti三项常系数铁耗模型进行变式得到式(3)：Equation (3) is obtained by changing the classic Bertotti three-term constant coefficient iron loss model:
Steinmetz系数α的取值，由传统电机设计理论可知，其值一般取1.6-2.2，kh、ke、ka分别是磁滞损耗，涡流损耗，杂散损耗的损耗系数；The value of the Steinmetz coefficient α is known from the traditional motor design theory, and its value is generally 1.6-2.2, and k h , ke , and ka are the loss coefficients of hysteresis loss, eddy current loss, and stray loss, respectively;
利用实测得到的损耗数据，可得式(4)：Using the measured loss data, equation (4) can be obtained:
对该式在某一频率下以B为变量进行拟合求解，可取1、2、3阶曲线拟合，如下：To fit and solve this formula with B as a variable at a certain frequency, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd order curve fitting can be taken as follows:
ke＝ke0+ke1B+ke2B2+ke3B3 式(5)k e =k e0 +k e1 B+k e2 B 2 +k e3 B 3 Formula (5)
ka＝ka0+ka1B+ka2B2+ka3B3 式(6)k a =k a0 +k a1 B+k a2 B 2 +k a3 B 3 Formula (6)
logα＝log kh+(α0+α1B+α2B2+α3B3)log B 式(7)logα=log k h +(α 0 +α 1 B+α 2 B 2 +α 3 B 3 )log B Equation (7)
在同一频率下，需对不同磁密点进行拟合，得到系数ke0、ke1、ke2、ke3、kh、a0、a1、a2、a3后，即可得到任意频率和磁密下的损耗系数。At the same frequency, it is necessary to fit different magnetic density points to obtain the coefficients k e0 , k e1 , k e2 , k e3 , k h , a 0 , a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , and then any frequency can be obtained and the loss coefficient at the magnetic density.
基于经典Bertotti三项常系数铁耗模型，在涡流损耗项中和磁滞损耗项中引入附加磁通密度项，用于考虑磁路饱和导致的涡流损耗增加及由于谐波磁场引起的磁滞损耗增加，由此使铁耗模型更加完善和精确。模型中涡流损耗，磁滞损耗，杂散损耗系数均随磁通密度幅值和频率变化，反映了非线性因素和谐波磁场对铁耗的影响。Based on the classic Bertotti three-term constant coefficient iron loss model, an additional magnetic flux density term is introduced into the eddy current loss term and the hysteresis loss term to consider the increase in eddy current loss caused by magnetic circuit saturation and the hysteresis loss caused by harmonic magnetic fields. increase, thereby making the iron loss model more complete and accurate. The eddy current loss, hysteresis loss and stray loss coefficient in the model all change with the amplitude and frequency of the magnetic flux density, reflecting the influence of nonlinear factors and harmonic magnetic fields on iron loss.
其中热特性对电阻率、磁导率及永磁体工作点的影响包含：The influence of thermal characteristics on resistivity, permeability and the working point of permanent magnets includes:
温升对线圈电阻率的影响可表示为式(8)和式(9)：The effect of temperature rise on coil resistivity can be expressed as equations (8) and (9):
式中：R为线圈电阻；KF为电阻增加系数；ρt为t0温度下的电阻率；A0为导线截面积；β为导线电阻的温度系数；t为导线温度。In the formula: R is the coil resistance; K F is the resistance increase coefficient; ρ t is the resistivity at t 0 temperature; A 0 is the cross-sectional area of the wire; β is the temperature coefficient of the wire resistance; t is the wire temperature.
软磁材料起始磁导率可用式(10)近似计算：The initial permeability of soft magnetic materials can be approximated by equation (10):
式中：μ0为常温下的磁导率；MS为饱和磁化强度；Ku为磁各向异性常数。MS和Ku随温度变化的情况不同。In the formula: μ 0 is the magnetic permeability at room temperature; M S is the saturation magnetization; Ku is the magnetic anisotropy constant. M S and K u vary with temperature differently.
温度对永磁材料磁性能影响较大，不同温度下永磁体工作点不同，影响研究对象的性能。所以，永磁体工作温度直接影响其工作点。Temperature has a great influence on the magnetic properties of permanent magnet materials, and the working points of permanent magnets are different at different temperatures, which affects the performance of the research object. Therefore, the working temperature of the permanent magnet directly affects its working point.
温度变化对永磁体剩磁影响可表示为式(11)：The effect of temperature change on permanent magnet remanence can be expressed as formula (11):
式中：Brt1为t1温度下的剩磁强度；Brt0为t0温度下的剩磁强度；IL为剩磁强度的不可逆损失率；
S4：多物理场双向耦合瞬态精细化模型的建立；通过电磁有限元分析软件对研究对象进行3D瞬态有限元分析。在磁场瞬态分析中导入电流曲线作为激励源，并对研究对象进行运动条件设置，仿真研究典型工况下铜耗，铁损(涡流损耗，杂散损耗等动态损耗)的变化规律；进一步分析不同运动模式下不同工况的铜耗，铁损中涡流损耗，杂散损耗等动态损耗的变化规律。在此基础上，以电磁场分析的损耗结果作为热场分析的热源，并设定各部件材料的相关属性参数及传热系数，设置热交换边界和热交换系数，进行不同工况下的温升仿真，从而在热场中分析得到研究对象的热场分布及温升情况，同时揭示温升作用对电阻率、磁导率及永磁体工作点的影响，根据热场分析结果对激励电流的频率和幅值、线圈电阻率以及永磁体和软磁材料属性进行修正，不断修改反馈结果，充分利用各物理场的互通性，使得仿真结果更精确，更具有实用价值。S4: Establishment of a multi-physics bidirectional coupling transient refined model; 3D transient finite element analysis of the research object is carried out through electromagnetic finite element analysis software. In the transient analysis of the magnetic field, the current curve is imported as the excitation source, and the motion conditions of the research object are set to simulate the change law of copper loss and iron loss (dynamic loss such as eddy current loss, stray loss, etc.) under typical working conditions; further analysis The changing laws of dynamic losses such as copper loss, eddy current loss in iron loss, stray loss, etc. in different working conditions under different motion modes. On this basis, the loss result of the electromagnetic field analysis is used as the heat source of the thermal field analysis, and the relevant property parameters and heat transfer coefficients of the materials of each component are set, the heat exchange boundary and heat exchange coefficient are set, and the temperature rise under different working conditions is carried out. Simulation, so as to analyze the thermal field distribution and temperature rise of the research object in the thermal field, and at the same time reveal the effect of temperature rise on resistivity, magnetic permeability and the working point of the permanent magnet, according to the thermal field analysis results on the excitation current frequency And the amplitude, coil resistivity and the properties of permanent magnets and soft magnetic materials are corrected, the feedback results are constantly modified, and the interoperability of each physical field is fully utilized to make the simulation results more accurate and more practical.
S5：多物理场耦合模型的求解；步骤S5的多物理场耦合模型的求解可以得到研究对象内部能耗、温升分布随时间与空间位置的瞬态变化规律以及温升作用下的电磁特性变化规律。S5: Solution of the multi-physics coupling model; the solution of the multi-physics coupling model in step S5 can obtain the internal energy consumption of the research object, the transient change law of the temperature rise distribution with time and space position, and the change of electromagnetic characteristics under the action of temperature rise. law.
S6：电磁特性、能耗及温升测试试验；步骤S6的电磁特性、能耗及温升测试试验均与研究对象的材料属性、结构参数，激励电流和控制参数相关。S6: Electromagnetic characteristics, energy consumption and temperature rise test experiments; the electromagnetic characteristics, energy consumption and temperature rise test experiments of step S6 are all related to the material properties, structural parameters, excitation current and control parameters of the research object.
S7：结果吻合？判断步骤S5中研究对象内部能耗、温升分布随时间与空间位置的瞬态变化规律以及温升作用下的电磁特性变化规律与步骤S6中电磁特性、能耗及温升作用下的电磁特性进行吻合？S7: The results match? Determine the transient change law of the internal energy consumption and temperature rise distribution of the research object with time and space position in step S5 and the change law of electromagnetic characteristics under the action of temperature rise and the electromagnetic characteristics, energy consumption and electromagnetic characteristics under the action of temperature rise in step S6 perform anastomosis?
S8：吻合一致，则得到多物理场耦合特性，吻合不一致，重复步骤S5至步骤S6。S8: If the agreement is consistent, the multi-physics coupling characteristics are obtained, and the agreement is inconsistent, and steps S5 to S6 are repeated.
工作原理：本发明的分析方法首先确定了研究所涉及的物理场-电场、磁场、热场并建立各物理场模型；比较精细和准确地分析了电-磁-热多物理场耦合机理及形式，包含材料饱和、激励条件对涡流、杂散等动态损耗的影响；建立铁耗分离、可变系数的能耗理论模型，与经典三项常系数铁耗模型相比可将误差缩小到5％以内，能耗求解精度更高；分析研究对象内部的生热、传热与散热机理以及热特性对电阻率、磁导率及永磁体工作点的影响，温度对永磁材料磁性能影响较大，不同温度下永磁体工作点不同，影响研究对象的性能。根据得到的永磁体工作温度直接影响其工作点，明确了各物理场特性间的相互关系及影响因素，系统化的研究了研究对象的多物理场耦合特性。采用对比不同运行模式，不同运行工况的研究对象的电磁特性、能耗及温升测试试验结果，研究内部能耗、温升分布随时间与空间位置的瞬态变化规律和温升作用下的电磁特性变化规律，获得研究对象高精度的多物理场耦合特性。Working principle: The analysis method of the present invention firstly determines the physical fields involved in the research - electric field, magnetic field, and thermal field, and establishes the physical field models; more precisely and accurately analyzes the electro-magnetic-thermal multi-physical field coupling mechanism and form , including the influence of material saturation and excitation conditions on dynamic losses such as eddy current and stray current; establish a theoretical model of energy consumption with separation of iron loss and variable coefficient, which can reduce the error to 5% compared with the classic three-term constant coefficient iron loss model The energy consumption solution has higher accuracy; the internal heat generation, heat transfer and heat dissipation mechanism of the research object and the influence of thermal characteristics on resistivity, permeability and permanent magnet operating point are analyzed, and temperature has a greater impact on the magnetic properties of permanent magnet materials , the working point of the permanent magnet is different at different temperatures, which affects the performance of the research object. According to the obtained working temperature of the permanent magnet, which directly affects its working point, the interrelationship and influencing factors of the characteristics of each physical field are clarified, and the multi-physics coupling characteristics of the research object are systematically studied. By comparing the electromagnetic characteristics, energy consumption and temperature rise test results of the research objects in different operating modes and operating conditions, the transient change law of internal energy consumption and temperature rise distribution with time and space position and the temperature rise under the action of temperature rise are studied. The electromagnetic characteristics change law, and the high-precision multi-physics coupling characteristics of the research object are obtained.
以上所述仅为本发明的实施方式而已，并不用于限制本发明。对于本领域技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原理内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包括在本发明的权利要求范围之内。The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible for those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
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| CN116455283A (en) * | 2023-04-18 | 2023-07-18 | 江苏大学 | Design method of magnetic suspension centrifugal blood pump motor considering magneto-thermal coupling |
| CN117313619A (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2023-12-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | Analysis method for influence of frequency on atmospheric pressure low-frequency spark discharge characteristics |
| CN119380895A (en) * | 2024-10-23 | 2025-01-28 | 江西尚朋电子科技有限公司 | A method for calculating eddy current loss of magnetic materials based on magnetic induction principle |
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| CN116455283A (en) * | 2023-04-18 | 2023-07-18 | 江苏大学 | Design method of magnetic suspension centrifugal blood pump motor considering magneto-thermal coupling |
| CN117313619A (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2023-12-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | Analysis method for influence of frequency on atmospheric pressure low-frequency spark discharge characteristics |
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