CN115238554A - Analysis method based on multi-physical-field bidirectional coupling refined modeling - Google Patents
Analysis method based on multi-physical-field bidirectional coupling refined modeling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an analysis method based on multi-physical-field bidirectional coupling refined modeling, which comprises the following steps: determination of the physical fields involved in the study; establishing a physical field model; analyzing the coupling mechanism and form of the electric-magnetic-thermal multi-physical field; establishing a multi-physical-field bidirectional coupling transient refined model; solving a multi-physical-field coupling model; electromagnetic property, energy consumption and temperature rise test; judging the transient change rule of the internal energy consumption and the temperature rise distribution of the research object along with time and space position and the change rule of the electromagnetic characteristic under the temperature rise effect; the coupling characteristic of multiple physical fields is obtained. According to the invention, through the physical field coupling of the electric field, the magnetic field and the thermal field, the influence of thermal characteristics on the conductor resistivity, the magnetic permeability of the soft magnetic material and the working point of the permanent magnet is considered while the temperature change generated by loss accumulation is considered, and the error of the loss characteristics in the iron loss model description mechanism is reduced, so that the accuracy of an analysis result is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of simulation analysis, in particular to an analysis method based on multi-physical-field bidirectional coupling refined modeling.
Background
The operation of an electromagnetic mechanism or motor is a complex process involving the coupling of multiple fields, such as electric, magnetic and thermal fields, which interact and constrain each other. Under the normal operation state of an electromagnetic mechanism or a motor, the relationship among the physical fields needs to be coordinated, so that the physical fields reach a relatively balanced state. The misdistribution causes many problems, which affect the electrical performance of the electromagnetic mechanism or the motor. Therefore, it is important to determine the interrelation and influence factors among the physical field characteristics and systematically study the coupling characteristics of the electromagnetic mechanism or the motor.
At the present stage, the multi-physical field coupling characteristics of an electromagnetic mechanism or a motor are not researched very much, but the accuracy is not high, because the used iron loss model can describe the internal loss characteristics of the mechanism, the error is large, the energy consumption solving accuracy is low, and the solving accuracy of the temperature rise characteristics is influenced; the study on the multi-physical field coupling characteristics of an electromagnetic mechanism or a motor is mostly one-way coupling, only the temperature change generated by loss accumulation is considered, and the influence of the thermal characteristics on the conductor resistivity, the magnetic permeability of a soft magnetic material and the working point of a permanent magnet is neglected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides an analysis method for multi-physical-field bidirectional coupling refined modeling with small error and high precision.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: an analysis method based on multi-physical-field bidirectional coupling refined modeling is characterized in that: the steps of the analysis method are as follows:
s1: determination of the physical fields involved in the study;
s2: establishing a physical field model;
s3: analyzing the coupling mechanism and form of the electric-magnetic-thermal multi-physical field;
s4: establishing a multi-physical-field bidirectional coupling transient refined model;
s5: solving a multi-physical-field coupling model;
s6: electromagnetic property, energy consumption and temperature rise test;
s7: determine that the transient change law of the internal energy consumption and temperature rise distribution of the research object over time and spatial position in step S5 and the electromagnetic characteristic change law under the temperature rise are consistent with the electromagnetic characteristic, energy consumption and electromagnetic characteristic under the temperature rise in step S6?
S8: and if the matching is consistent, obtaining the coupling characteristics of the multiple physical fields, if the matching is inconsistent, and repeating the step S5 to the step S6.
Preferably, in the step S2, the establishment and correctness verification of each physical field model is performed by means of electromagnetic analysis finite element software; the physical field model comprises an electric field model, a magnetic field model and a thermal field model. The electromagnetic analysis finite element software adopts a finite element method, the coupling model adopts a 3D model, the iron loss calculation model can be customized to meet different calculation precision requirements, the non-simplified energy consumption distribution is used as a heat source for calculating the thermal field, and the analysis result of the thermal field can be reversely coupled to adjust the material characteristics in the electromagnetic field; electromagnetic analysis finite element software may employ JMAG version 18.1.
Preferably, the electric field model comprises a power supply and an internal coil, and the frequency and amplitude of the excitation current and the influence of the change of the resistance of the coil on the copper loss in the energy consumption;
the magnetic field model comprises the addition of model materials, the loading of exciting current and the setting of motion conditions, and the influence of the properties of the permanent magnet and the soft magnetic material, the magnetic induction intensity, the exciting current frequency and the change of the motion conditions on the iron loss in the energy consumption;
the thermal field model comprises the addition of model materials, a thermal circuit, the setting of a heat exchange boundary, the determination of a heat exchange coefficient, a heat conduction coefficient and a heat source, and the influence of the distribution and the accumulation of energy consumption on the temperature rise.
Preferably, the electro-magnetic-thermal multi-physical field coupling mechanism and the form, including the influence on the dynamic losses of material saturation, excitation conditions on eddy currents, stray currents and the like, are analyzed in the step S3; by establishing an iron loss separation and variable coefficient energy consumption theoretical model, the influence of heat generation, heat transfer and heat dissipation mechanisms and thermal characteristics in the mechanism on the resistivity, the magnetic permeability and the working point of the permanent magnet is analyzed.
Preferably, the establishing of the iron loss separation and variable coefficient energy consumption theoretical model includes:
wherein the sigma-ferromagnetic material electrical conductivity; h-the thickness of the iron core lamination; a delta-ferromagnetic material density; the period and frequency of the T, f-fundamental; b is m 、ΔB i -a maximum value of flux density and a local flux density variation in a period; n-local flux density transformation times;
performing a variant on a classic Bertotti three-term constant coefficient iron loss model to obtain a formula (3):
the value of Steinmetz coefficient alpha is known from the traditional motor design theory, the value is generally 1.6-2.2, k h 、k e 、k a The loss coefficients of hysteresis loss, eddy current loss and stray loss are respectively;
using the measured loss data, formula (4) can be obtained:
fitting solution is carried out on the formula at a certain frequency by taking B as a variable (1, 2 and 3-order curve fitting can be taken), and the following steps are carried out:
k e ＝k e0 +k e1 B+k e2 B 2 +k e3 B 3 formula (5)
k a ＝k a0 +k a1 B+k a2 B 2 +k a3 B 3 Formula (6)
logα＝log k h +(α 0 +α 1 B+α 2 B 2 +α 3 B 3 ) Log B type (7)
Under the same frequency, different magnetic density points need to be fitted to obtain a coefficient k e0 、k e1 、k e2 、k e3 、k h 、a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 Then, the loss coefficient under any frequency and magnetic density can be obtained;
wherein the influence of the thermal characteristics on the resistivity, the permeability and the working point of the permanent magnet comprises:
the effect of temperature rise on actuator coil resistance can be expressed as equation (8) and equation (9):
in the formula: r is a coil resistance; increasing the coefficient for resistance; rho t Is t 0 Resistivity at temperature; a. The 0 Is the sectional area of the wire; beta is the temperature coefficient of the wire resistance; t is the wire temperature;
the initial permeability of the soft magnetic material can be approximately calculated by equation (10):
in the formula: mu.s 0 Magnetic permeability at normal temperature; m S Is the saturation magnetization; k u Is the magnetic anisotropy constant; m is a group of S And K u The situation is different along with the temperature change;
the influence of temperature variation on the remanence of the permanent magnet can be expressed as formula (11):
in the formula: b rt1 Is t 1 Residual magnetic strength at temperature; b rt0 Is t 0 Residual magnetic strength at temperature; IL is the irreversible loss rate of residual magnetic strength;
reversible temperature coefficient of remanence; t is t 1 Is the working temperature; t is t 0 Is the initial operating temperature.
Preferably, the establishment of the multi-physical-field bidirectional coupling transient refinement model in the step S4 is based on the step S3, the loss result of the electromagnetic field analysis is used as a heat source for the thermal field analysis, the influence of the temperature rise effect on the coil resistivity, the magnetic permeability of the soft magnetic material and the working point of the permanent magnet is analyzed, then the frequency and amplitude of the excitation current, the coil resistivity and the properties of the permanent magnet and the soft magnetic material are corrected according to the thermal field analysis result, and the feedback result is continuously modified, so that the simulation result is more accurate.
Preferably, the solving of the multi-physical-field coupling model in the step S5 can obtain a transient change rule of the internal energy consumption and the temperature rise distribution of the research object along with time and a spatial position, and an electromagnetic characteristic change rule under the temperature rise effect.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. through the physical field coupling of an electric field, a magnetic field and a thermal field, the influence of thermal characteristics on the conductor resistivity, the magnetic permeability of a soft magnetic material and the working point of a permanent magnet is considered while the temperature change generated by loss accumulation is considered, and the error of the loss characteristics in the iron loss model description mechanism is reduced, so that the accuracy of an analysis result is improved.
2. Reducing the error to be within 5 percent through an iron loss separation variable coefficient trinomial model; an additional magnetic flux density term is introduced into the eddy current loss term and the hysteresis loss term and is used for considering the eddy current loss increase caused by magnetic circuit saturation and the hysteresis loss increase caused by a harmonic magnetic field, so that an iron loss model is more perfect and accurate; and the frequency and amplitude of the excitation current, the coil resistivity and the properties of the permanent magnet and the soft magnetic material are corrected through the field analysis result, so that the accuracy of the analysis result is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further summarized below with reference to the appended drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, an analysis method based on multi-physical field bidirectional coupling refinement modeling includes:
s1: determination of the physical fields involved in the study; the determination of the physical field involved in the study of step S1 includes an electric field, a magnetic field, and a thermal field.
S2: establishing a physical field model; the creation of the physical field models of step S2 is done by means of electromagnetic analysis finite element software. The electric field model comprises a power supply and an internal coil; the magnetic field model comprises the addition of model materials, the loading of excitation current and the setting of motion conditions; the thermal field model comprises the addition of model materials and a thermal circuit, the setting of a heat exchange boundary, and the determination of a heat exchange coefficient, a heat conduction coefficient and a heat source. The establishment of each physical field model relates to the quantitative analysis of the internal energy consumption and temperature rise of a research object. The electric field model comprises the influence of the frequency and amplitude of the excitation current and the change of the coil resistance on the copper loss in the energy consumption; the magnetic field model comprises the influence of the properties of the permanent magnet and the soft magnetic material, the magnetic induction intensity, the excitation current frequency and the change of the motion condition on the iron loss in the energy consumption; the thermal field model includes the influence of distribution and accumulation of energy consumption on the temperature rise.
S3: analyzing the coupling mechanism and form of the electric-magnetic-thermal multi-physical field; and S3, analyzing the influence of the electric-magnetic-thermal multi-physical field coupling mechanism and form on dynamic losses such as eddy current and stray under material saturation and excitation conditions, establishing an iron loss separation and variable coefficient energy consumption theoretical model, and analyzing the influence of heat generation, heat transfer and heat dissipation mechanisms and thermal characteristics in a research object on resistivity, magnetic permeability and permanent magnet working points.
The method for establishing the iron loss separation and variable coefficient energy consumption theoretical model comprises the following steps:
wherein the sigma-ferromagnetic material electrical conductivity; h-core lamination thickness; a delta-ferromagnetic material density; the period and frequency of the T, f-fundamental; b is m 、ΔB i -a maximum value of flux density and a local flux density variation in a period; n-number of local flux density transitions.
As shown in the formula (1) and the formula (2), the iron loss calculation model is the most common model for calculating the iron loss of the motor by using the finite element at present, the calculation error of the model on most silicon steel sheets is within 10 percent, and the model is enough to describe the loss characteristic inside a research object, and the iron loss separation variable coefficient trinomial model used by the invention can further reduce the error to be within 5 percent.
Performing a variant on a classic Bertotti three-term constant coefficient iron loss model to obtain a formula (3):
the value of Steinmetz coefficient alpha is known from the traditional motor design theory, the value is generally 1.6-2.2, k h 、k e 、k a The loss coefficients of hysteresis loss, eddy current loss and stray loss are respectively;
using the measured loss data, equation (4) can be obtained:
the fitting solution is carried out on the formula under a certain frequency by taking B as a variable, and curve fitting of 1, 2 and 3 orders can be taken as follows:
k e ＝k e0 +k e1 B+k e2 B 2 +k e3 B 3 formula (5)
k a ＝k a0 +k a1 B+k a2 B 2 +k a3 B 3 Formula (6)
logα＝log k h +(α 0 +α 1 B+α 2 B 2 +α 3 B 3 ) Log B type (7)
Under the same frequency, different magnetic density points need to be fitted to obtain a coefficient k e0 、k e1 、k e2 、k e3 、k h 、a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 Then, the loss coefficient under any frequency and magnetic density can be obtained.
Based on a classic Bertotti three-term constant coefficient iron loss model, an additional magnetic flux density term is introduced into an eddy current loss term and a hysteresis loss term and is used for considering eddy current loss increase caused by magnetic circuit saturation and hysteresis loss increase caused by a harmonic magnetic field, so that the iron loss model is more perfect and accurate. Eddy current loss, magnetic hysteresis loss and stray loss coefficient in the model all change along with the magnetic flux density amplitude and frequency, and the influence of nonlinear factors and harmonic magnetic fields on iron loss is reflected.
Wherein the influence of the thermal characteristics on the resistivity, the permeability and the working point of the permanent magnet comprises:
the effect of temperature rise on coil resistivity can be expressed as equation (8) and equation (9):
in the formula: r is a coil resistance; k is F Increasing the coefficient for resistance; rho t Is t 0 Resistivity at temperature; a. The 0 Is the cross-sectional area of the wire; beta is the temperature coefficient of the wire resistance; t is the wire temperature.
The initial permeability of the soft magnetic material can be approximated by equation (10):
in the formula: mu.s 0 Magnetic permeability at normal temperature; m S Is the saturation magnetization; k u Is the magnetic anisotropy constant. M is a group of S And K u The situation is different depending on the temperature.
The temperature has a great influence on the magnetic performance of the permanent magnet material, and the working points of the permanent magnet are different at different temperatures, so that the performance of a research object is influenced. Therefore, the operating temperature of the permanent magnet directly affects its operating point.
The influence of temperature change on the remanence of the permanent magnet can be expressed as formula (11):
in the formula: b is rt1 Is t 1 Residual magnetic strength at temperature; b is rt0 Is t 0 Residual magnetic strength at temperature; IL is the irreversible loss rate of remanence;
reversible temperature coefficient of remanence; t is t 1 Is the working temperature; t is t 0 Is the initial operating temperature.
S4: establishing a multi-physical-field bidirectional coupling transient refined model; and 3D transient finite element analysis is carried out on the research object through electromagnetic finite element analysis software. Introducing a current curve as an excitation source in magnetic field transient analysis, setting motion conditions of a research object, and simulating and researching the change rule of copper loss and iron loss (dynamic losses such as eddy current loss and stray loss) under typical working conditions; further analyzing the change rules of dynamic losses such as copper loss, eddy current loss in iron loss, stray loss and the like under different working conditions in different motion modes. On the basis, the loss result of electromagnetic field analysis is used as a heat source of thermal field analysis, relevant attribute parameters and heat transfer coefficients of materials of all parts are set, heat exchange boundaries and heat exchange coefficients are set, temperature rise simulation under different working conditions is carried out, the thermal field distribution and the temperature rise condition of a research object are obtained through analysis in a thermal field, the influences of the temperature rise on the resistivity, the magnetic conductivity and the working point of a permanent magnet are revealed, the frequency and the amplitude of exciting current, the coil resistivity and the attributes of the permanent magnet and the soft magnetic material are corrected according to the thermal field analysis result, the feedback result is continuously modified, the interoperability of all physical fields is fully utilized, the simulation result is more accurate, and the practical value is higher.
S5: solving a multi-physical-field coupling model; and S5, solving the multi-physical-field coupling model to obtain the transient change rule of the internal energy consumption and the temperature rise distribution of the research object along with time and space positions and the electromagnetic characteristic change rule under the temperature rise effect.
S6: electromagnetic property, energy consumption and temperature rise test tests; and S6, the electromagnetic characteristic, the energy consumption and the temperature rise test of the step S6 are all related to the material attribute, the structural parameter, the exciting current and the control parameter of the research object.
S7: is the result matched? Determine that the transient change law of the internal energy consumption and temperature rise distribution of the research object over time and spatial position in step S5 and the electromagnetic characteristic change law under the temperature rise are consistent with the electromagnetic characteristic, energy consumption and electromagnetic characteristic under the temperature rise in step S6?
S8: and if the matching is consistent, obtaining the coupling characteristics of multiple physical fields, if the matching is inconsistent, and repeating the steps S5 to S6.
The working principle is as follows: the analysis method firstly determines physical fields, namely an electric field, a magnetic field and a thermal field, which are involved in research, and establishes physical field models; the electric-magnetic-thermal multi-physical field coupling mechanism and the form including the influence of material saturation and excitation conditions on dynamic losses such as eddy current and stray are analyzed more finely and accurately; an energy consumption theoretical model with iron loss separation and variable coefficients is established, compared with the classical three-term constant coefficient iron loss model, the error can be reduced to be within 5%, and the energy consumption solving precision is higher; the influence of heat generation, heat transfer and heat dissipation mechanisms and thermal characteristics in the research object on the resistivity, the magnetic conductivity and the working point of the permanent magnet is analyzed, the influence of the temperature on the magnetic performance of the permanent magnet material is large, and the influence of the working point of the permanent magnet on the performance of the research object is different at different temperatures. According to the obtained working temperature of the permanent magnet, the working point of the permanent magnet is directly influenced, the interrelation and influencing factors among the physical field characteristics are determined, and the multi-physical field coupling characteristics of the research object are systematically researched. And (3) comparing the electromagnetic characteristic, energy consumption and temperature rise test results of the research object with different operation modes and different operation working conditions, researching the transient change rule of internal energy consumption and temperature rise distribution along with time and space positions and the electromagnetic characteristic change rule under the temperature rise effect, and obtaining the high-precision multi-physical-field coupling characteristic of the research object.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement or the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An analysis method based on multi-physical-field bidirectional coupling refined modeling is characterized in that: the analytical method comprises the following steps:
s1: determination of the physical fields involved in the study;
s2: establishing a physical field model;
s3: analyzing the coupling mechanism and form of the electric-magnetic-thermal multi-physical field;
s4: establishing a multi-physical-field bidirectional coupling transient refined model;
s5: solving a multi-physical-field coupling model;
s6: electromagnetic property, energy consumption and temperature rise test;
s7: determine that the transient change law of the internal energy consumption and temperature rise distribution of the research object over time and spatial position in step S5 and the electromagnetic characteristic change law under the temperature rise are consistent with the electromagnetic characteristic, energy consumption and electromagnetic characteristic under the temperature rise in step S6?
S8: and if the matching is consistent, obtaining the coupling characteristics of the multiple physical fields, if the matching is inconsistent, and repeating the step S5 to the step S6.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the physical field in the step S1 includes an electric field, a magnetic field, and a thermal field.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: establishing each physical field model and verifying the correctness in the step S2 by means of electromagnetic analysis finite element software; the electromagnetic analysis finite element software self-defines an iron loss calculation model to meet different calculation precision requirements, non-simplified energy consumption distribution is used as a heat source to perform thermal field calculation, and the analysis result of the thermal field can be reversely coupled to adjust the material characteristics in the electromagnetic field.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein: the electric field model comprises a power supply and an internal coil, and the frequency and amplitude of excitation current and the influence of the change of coil resistance on the copper loss in energy consumption;
the magnetic field model comprises the addition of model materials, the loading of excitation current and the setting of motion conditions, and the influence of the properties of the permanent magnet and the soft magnetic material, the magnetic induction intensity, the excitation current frequency and the change of the motion conditions on the iron loss in the energy consumption;
the thermal field model comprises the addition of model materials, a thermal circuit, the setting of a heat exchange boundary, the determination of a heat exchange coefficient, a heat conduction coefficient and a heat source, and the influence of the distribution and the accumulation of energy consumption on the temperature rise.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, the electric-magnetic-thermal multi-physical field coupling mechanism and the form, including the influence on the material saturation and the influence of the excitation condition on the dynamic losses such as eddy current and stray, are analyzed; by establishing an iron loss separation and variable coefficient energy consumption theoretical model, the influence of heat generation, heat transfer and heat dissipation mechanisms and thermal characteristics in the mechanism on the resistivity, the magnetic permeability and the working point of the permanent magnet is analyzed.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the establishment of the iron loss separation and variable coefficient energy consumption theoretical model comprises the following steps:
wherein the sigma-ferromagnetic material electrical conductivity; h-core lamination thickness; a delta-ferromagnetic material density; the period and frequency of the T, f-fundamental; b m 、ΔB i -a maximum value of flux density and a local flux density variation in a period; n-local flux density transformation times;
and (3) performing a variant on the classical Bertotti three-term constant coefficient iron loss model to obtain a formula (3):
the value of Steinmetz coefficient alpha is obtained by the traditional motor design theory, the value is generally 1.6-2.2 h 、k e 、k a The loss coefficients of hysteresis loss, eddy current loss and stray loss are respectively;
using the measured loss data, formula (4) can be obtained:
the formula is fitted and solved by taking B as a variable under a certain frequency, and 1, 2 and 3-order curves are fitted as follows:
k e ＝k e0 +k e1 B+k e2 B 2 +k e3 B 3 formula (5)
k a ＝k a0 +k a1 B+k a2 B 2 +k a3 B 3 Formula (6)
logα＝logk h +(α 0 +α 1 B+α 2 B 2 +α 3 B 3 ) Log B type (7)
Under the same frequency, different magnetic density points need to be fitted to obtain a coefficient k e0 、k e1 、k e2 、k e3 、k h 、a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 Then, obtaining the loss coefficient under any frequency and magnetic density;
wherein the influence of the thermal characteristics on the resistivity, the permeability and the working point of the permanent magnet comprises:
the effect of temperature rise on actuator coil resistance can be expressed as equation (8) and equation (9):
in the formula: r is a coil resistance; increasing the coefficient for resistance; rho t Is t 0 Resistivity at temperature; a. The 0 Is the cross-sectional area of the wire; beta is the temperature coefficient of the wire resistance; t is the wire temperature;
the initial permeability of the soft magnetic material can be approximately calculated by equation (10):
in the formula: mu.s 0 Magnetic permeability at normal temperature; m is a group of S Is the saturation magnetization; k u Is the magnetic anisotropy constant; m is a group of S And K u The situation is different along with the temperature change;
the influence of temperature change on the remanence of the permanent magnet can be expressed as formula (11):
in the formula: b is rt Is t 1 Residual magnetic strength at temperature; b is rt0 Is t 0 Residual magnetic strength at temperature; IL is the irreversible loss rate of remanence;
reversible temperature coefficient of remanence; t is t 1 Is the working temperature; t is t 0 Is the initial operating temperature.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: and the establishment of the multi-physical-field bidirectional coupling transient refined model in the step S4 is based on the step S3, the loss result of the electromagnetic field analysis is used as a heat source of the thermal field analysis, the influence of the temperature rise on the coil resistivity, the magnetic permeability of the soft magnetic material and the working point of the permanent magnet is analyzed, then the frequency and amplitude of the excitation current, the coil resistivity and the properties of the permanent magnet and the soft magnetic material are corrected according to the thermal field analysis result, and the feedback result is continuously modified.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: and S5, solving the multi-physical-field coupling model to obtain a transient change rule of the internal energy consumption and the temperature rise distribution of the research object along with time and space positions and an electromagnetic characteristic change rule under the action of temperature rise.
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| CN117313619B (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2024-04-19 | 北京航空航天大学 | Analysis method for influence of frequency on atmospheric pressure low-frequency spark discharge characteristics |
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