CN115238548A - Fatigue durability analysis method for steel plate spring with limiting block - Google Patents
Fatigue durability analysis method for steel plate spring with limiting block Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A steel plate spring fatigue durability analysis method with a limiting block is based on HyperWorks, a steel plate spring finite element model is firstly established, a BUSH unit is adopted to simulate a limiting block cushion on a steel plate spring, then U-shaped bolt pretightening force is applied between the steel plate spring and an upper pressure plate, contact setting is carried out, random displacement is applied to the lower surface of the steel plate spring under a full-load Belgium road spectrum, an OP2 file is obtained by utilizing nonlinear transient analysis calculation, then variable amplitude fatigue analysis is carried out on the steel plate spring, the maximum damage point and the corresponding damage value are obtained, and therefore the fatigue life of the steel plate spring is determined. The invention effectively improves the precision of fatigue endurance simulation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of research on CAE of automobiles, and particularly relates to a fatigue durability analysis method for a leaf spring with a limiting block.
Background
Compared with other elastic elements, the leaf spring not only can play the basic function of the elastic element, but also can play the function of a guide element, and meanwhile, the contact and friction of the leaf piece of the leaf spring can play the role of damping when the spring vibrates, so that the transmission of the vibration is reduced. Due to the above advantages, the leaf spring is widely used in commercial vehicle suspension.
To bear big vehicle, at vertical impact operating mode and other comparatively abominable operating modes, vehicle leaf spring and stopper cushion all play very important effect. The current steel plate spring fatigue endurance test standard and simulation analysis method do not consider the influence of the limiting block on the fatigue life of the steel plate spring, so that the fatigue endurance simulation result is inaccurate, and the fatigue endurance simulation result cannot be accurately aligned with a real vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fatigue endurance analysis method for a steel plate spring with a limiting block, which can effectively improve simulation precision and aims at solving the problems in the prior art.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a fatigue durability analysis method for a steel plate spring with a limiting block sequentially comprises the following steps:
step A, based on HyperWorks, firstly establishing a finite element model of a steel plate spring, and then simulating a limit block soft cushion on the steel plate spring by adopting a BUSH unit;
step B, applying a U-shaped bolt pretightening force between the steel plate spring and the upper pressure plate, and performing contact setting;
step C, applying random displacement to the lower surface of the steel plate spring under the full load Belgium road spectrum, and obtaining an OP2 file by utilizing nonlinear transient analysis and calculation;
and D, carrying out variable amplitude fatigue analysis on the leaf spring based on the obtained OP2 file to obtain a maximum damage point and a corresponding damage value, thereby determining the fatigue life of the leaf spring.
In step A, adopt the BUSH unit to simulate the stopper cushion on the leaf spring and include:
the joint of the limiting block support and the limiting block cushion on the steel plate spring is connected through the RBE2 rigid unit, the lower surface of the limiting block cushion is connected through the RBE2 rigid unit, then the BUSH unit is built between the central points of the two connected RBE2 rigid units, the length of the BUSH unit is determined by the length of the limiting block cushion, and the rigidity of the BUSH unit is determined through a limiting block cushion bench test.
In the finite element model of the leaf spring in the step A, for parts with thickness exceeding 8mm and unequal section thickness, a hexahedron unit is adopted for simulation, and other parts are simulated by a quadrilateral shell unit, wherein the hexahedron unit simulation comprises the following steps:
the end face of the part is divided into regular quadrilateral shell units, and then the divided quadrilateral shell units are stretched into hexahedral units by using the boundary lines of the geometric multi-strip characteristics of the part.
In the step B, the implementation mode of applying the pre-tightening force of the U-shaped bolt between the steel plate spring and the upper pressure plate is as follows:
a BEAM BEAM unit is firstly established between a steel plate spring and an upper pressure plate, two ends of the BEAM BEAM unit are connected with the positions of the lowest reeds in the upper pressure plate and the main spring through rigid units, and then U-shaped bolt pretightening force is applied through the BEAM BEAM unit.
In step B, the contact setting includes: the contact setting is carried out between the lower surface of stopper cushion and the upper surface of rear axle housing, between the adjacent reed respectively.
The type of contact is SLIDE.
The step B further comprises creating boundary conditions, the creating boundary conditions comprising:
creating SPC constraints at the section of the frame rail: 1. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 degrees of freedom;
creating SPC constraints around the rear axle housing upper surface: 2. 4, 6 degrees of freedom;
an axial revolute pair is established between the rear end lug of the main spring and the upper end of the swing arm;
SPC constraints are created at the center point of the spring ear at the front end of the main spring and the center point of the lower end of the swing arm: 1. 2, 3, 4, 6 degrees of freedom.
In the step C, the position for applying the random displacement is the central point of the RBE2 rigid unit established at the central part of the lower surface of the main spring.
In Step D, the variable amplitude fatigue analysis uses Ncode software and Time Step load type.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention relates to a fatigue endurance analysis method of a steel plate spring with a limit block, which is based on HyperWorks, and comprises the steps of firstly establishing a steel plate spring finite element model, simulating a limit block soft cushion on the steel plate spring by using a BUSH unit, then applying U-shaped bolt pretightening force between the steel plate spring and an upper pressure plate, carrying out contact setting, then applying random displacement to the lower surface of the steel plate spring under a full-load Belgium road spectrum, calculating by using nonlinear transient analysis to obtain an OP2 file, carrying out variable amplitude fatigue analysis on the steel plate spring, and obtaining a maximum damage point and a corresponding damage value, thereby determining the fatigue life of the steel plate spring. Therefore, the fatigue endurance simulation method effectively improves the precision of fatigue endurance simulation.
2. According to the method for analyzing the fatigue durability of the leaf spring with the limiting blocks, in the process of establishing the finite element model of the leaf spring, parts with the thickness exceeding 8mm and unequal section thicknesses are simulated by adopting the hexahedron units, and other parts are simulated by adopting the quadrilateral shell units. Therefore, the invention improves the accuracy of modeling.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a CAD model diagram of a leaf spring used in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a BUSH unit simulation of embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the creation of the U-bolt pretension in embodiment 1.
In the figure, a frame longitudinal beam 1, an auxiliary spring front support 2, an auxiliary spring 3, a main spring 4, an auxiliary spring rear support 5, an upper pressure plate 6, a swing arm 7, a cushion plate 8, a limit block support 9, a limit block cushion 10, a rear axle housing 11, a U-shaped bolt 12 and a lower pressure plate 13.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A fatigue durability analysis method for a steel plate spring with a limiting block sequentially comprises the following steps:
step A, based on HyperWorks, firstly establishing a finite element model of a steel plate spring, and then simulating a limit block soft cushion on the steel plate spring by adopting a BUSH unit;
step B, applying a U-shaped bolt pretightening force between the steel plate spring and the upper pressure plate, and performing contact setting;
step C, applying random displacement to the lower surface of the steel plate spring under the full load Belgium road spectrum, and calculating by utilizing nonlinear transient analysis to obtain an OP2 file;
and D, carrying out variable amplitude fatigue analysis on the leaf spring based on the obtained OP2 file to obtain a maximum damage point and a corresponding damage value, thereby determining the fatigue life of the leaf spring.
In step A, adopt BUSH unit simulation leaf spring's last stopper cushion to include:
the joint of the limiting block support and the limiting block cushion on the steel plate spring is connected through the RBE2 rigid unit, the lower surface of the limiting block cushion is connected through the RBE2 rigid unit, then the BUSH unit is built between the central points of the two connected RBE2 rigid units, the length of the BUSH unit is determined by the length of the limiting block cushion, and the rigidity of the BUSH unit is determined through a limiting block cushion bench test.
In the finite element model of the leaf spring in the step A, for parts with thickness exceeding 8mm and unequal section thickness, a hexahedron unit is adopted for simulation, and other parts are simulated by a quadrilateral shell unit, wherein the hexahedron unit simulation comprises the following steps:
the end face of the part is divided into regular quadrilateral shell units, and then the divided quadrilateral shell units are stretched out into hexahedral units by using the boundary lines of the geometric multi-strip characteristics of the part.
In the step B, the implementation mode of applying the pre-tightening force of the U-shaped bolt between the steel plate spring and the upper pressure plate is as follows:
a BEAM BEAM unit is firstly established between a steel plate spring and an upper pressure plate, two ends of the BEAM BEAM unit are connected with the positions of the lowest reeds in the upper pressure plate and the main spring through rigid units, and then U-shaped bolt pretightening force is exerted through the BEAM BEAM unit.
In step B, the contact setting includes: the contact setting is carried out between the lower surface of stopper cushion and the upper surface of rear axle housing, between the adjacent reed respectively.
The type of contact is SLIDE.
The step B further comprises creating boundary conditions, the creating boundary conditions comprising:
creating SPC constraints at the section of the frame rail: 1. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 degrees of freedom;
creating SPC constraints around the rear axle housing upper surface: 2. 4, 6 degrees of freedom;
an axial revolute pair is established between the rear end lug of the main spring and the upper end of the swing arm;
SPC constraints are created at the center point of the spring ear at the front end of the main spring and the center point of the lower end of the swing arm: 1. 2, 3, 4, 6 degrees of freedom.
In the step C, the position for applying the random displacement is the central point of the RBE2 rigid unit established at the central part of the lower surface of the main spring.
In Step D, the variable amplitude fatigue analysis adopts Ncode software and a Time Step load type.
Example 1:
the method for analyzing the fatigue durability of the leaf spring with the limiting block takes a rear leaf spring with an auxiliary spring positioned on the left side of a frame under a whole vehicle coordinate system as a research object (a CAD model drawing of the rear leaf spring is shown in a figure 1), and sequentially comprises the following steps of:
1. based on HyperWorks, establish leaf spring finite element model, wherein, to auxiliary spring 3, main spring 4, auxiliary spring after-poppet 5, swing arm 7, its thickness all exceeds 8mm and the section is not uniform thick, adopts hexahedron unit simulation, and other parts then adopt the simulation of four-sided shell unit, just the hexahedron unit simulation is:
firstly, dividing the end faces of an auxiliary spring 3 and a main spring 4 into regular 5mm quadrilateral shell units under a Hypermesh-2D-automesh panel, then stretching the divided quadrilateral shell units into hexahedral units by using the geometrical boundary lines with multiple strips of characteristics of the part under the Hypermesh-3D-solidmap-line drag panel, and fusing the reeds of the auxiliary spring 3 and the main spring 4 in the area of a base plate 7 by adopting nodes.
2. Referring to fig. 2, the joint of the limit block support 9 and the limit block cushion 10 is firstly connected by the RBE2 rigid unit, the lower surface of the limit block cushion 10 is connected by the RBE2 rigid unit, and then a BUSH unit is established between the central points of the two connected RBE2 rigid units, wherein the length of the BUSH unit is determined by the length of the limit block cushion, and the rigidity of the BUSH unit is determined by a limit block cushion bench test.
3. Referring to fig. 3, a BEAM unit is created at a position where a pre-tightening force needs to be applied between a main spring 4 and an upper pressing plate 6, two ends of the BEAM unit are connected to positions of the lowest reeds in the upper pressing plate 6 and the main spring 4 through rigid units, and then the pre-tightening force of U-shaped bolts is applied through the BEAM unit.
4. Creating boundary conditions, including:
SPC constraints are created at the cross-section of the frame rail 1, at the mounting holes of the sub-spring front bracket 2 and the sub-spring rear bracket 5: 1. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 degrees of freedom;
the SPC constraint is created around the upper surface of the rear axle housing 11: 2. 4, 6 degrees of freedom;
an axial revolute pair is established between the rear-end eye of the main spring 4 and the upper end of the swing arm 7;
SPC constraints are created at the center point of the eye at the front end of the main spring 4 and the center point of the lower end of the swing arm 7: 1. 2, 3, 4, 6 degrees of freedom.
5. A contact arrangement comprising: set up the contact respectively between the lower surface of stopper cushion 10 and the upper surface of rear axle housing 11, between the reed of auxiliary spring 3 and main spring 4, between auxiliary spring 3 and preceding auxiliary spring support 2, between auxiliary spring 3 and the back auxiliary spring support 5, wherein, the type of contact is SLIDE.
6. Applying random displacement to the lower surface of the steel plate spring under a full-load Belgium road spectrum, and calculating by utilizing nonlinear transient analysis to obtain an OP2 file, wherein the position of applying the random displacement is the central point of an RBE2 rigid unit established at the central part of the lower surface of the main spring 4, and the nonlinear transient analysis is set as follows:
the working condition setting comprises two continuous working conditions: working condition 1, and setting a pretightening force working condition; and under the working condition 2, adding forced displacement of a full-load Belgium road spectrum on the basis of the pre-tightening force working condition.
Condition 1 nonlinear transient analysis (non-linear transient): selecting: SPC constraints; NLSTAT (LGDISP) nonlinear large deformation quasi-static; PRETENSION PRETENSION; NLOUT.
Condition 2 nonlinear transient analysis (non-linear transient): selecting: SPC constraints; NLSTAT (LGDISP) nonlinear large deformation quasi-static; RLOAD forced displacement; STATSUB (PRETENS) pretension condition; NLOUT; and (4) checking the continuous working condition of the CNTNLSUB in the SUBCASE OPTIONS.
The maximum stress value calculated by the embodiment is located on the second leaf spring of the auxiliary spring, and the stress value is 608.3MPa.
7. Carrying out variable amplitude fatigue analysis on the leaf spring to obtain the maximum damage point positioned on the second leaf spring of the auxiliary spring, wherein the corresponding damage value is 2.174E -6 And determining the fatigue life of the steel plate spring to be 46 ten thousand times, wherein the variable amplitude fatigue analysis adopts Ncode software and a Time Step load type.
Claims (9)
1. A fatigue durability analysis method for a steel plate spring with a limiting block is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the analysis method comprises the following steps in sequence:
step A, based on HyperWorks, firstly establishing a finite element model of a steel plate spring, and then simulating a limiting block soft cushion on the steel plate spring by adopting a BUSH unit;
step B, applying a U-shaped bolt pretightening force between the steel plate spring and the upper pressure plate, and performing contact setting;
step C, applying random displacement to the lower surface of the steel plate spring under the full load Belgium road spectrum, and obtaining an OP2 file by utilizing nonlinear transient analysis and calculation;
and D, carrying out variable amplitude fatigue analysis on the steel plate spring based on the obtained OP2 file to obtain a maximum damage point and a corresponding damage value, thereby determining the fatigue life of the steel plate spring.
2. The method for analyzing the fatigue durability of the leaf spring with the limiting block according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in step A, adopt the BUSH unit to simulate the stopper cushion on the leaf spring and include:
the connecting part of the limiting block support and the limiting block cushion on the steel plate spring is connected by an RBE2 rigid unit, the lower surface of the limiting block cushion is connected by the RBE2 rigid unit, then a BUSH unit is built between the central points of the two connected RBE2 rigid units, wherein the length of the BUSH unit is determined by the length of the limiting block cushion, and the rigidity of the BUSH unit is determined by a limiting block cushion bench test.
3. The method for analyzing the fatigue durability of the leaf spring with the limiting block according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the finite element model of the leaf spring in the step A, for parts with thickness exceeding 8mm and unequal section thickness, a hexahedron unit is adopted for simulation, and other parts are simulated by a quadrilateral shell unit, wherein the hexahedron unit simulation comprises the following steps:
the end face of the part is divided into regular quadrilateral shell units, and then the divided quadrilateral shell units are stretched into hexahedral units by using the boundary lines of the geometric multi-strip characteristics of the part.
4. The method for analyzing the fatigue durability of the leaf spring with the limiting block according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step B, the implementation mode of applying the pre-tightening force of the U-shaped bolt between the steel plate spring and the upper pressure plate is as follows:
a BEAM BEAM unit is firstly established between a steel plate spring and an upper pressure plate, two ends of the BEAM BEAM unit are connected with the positions of the lowest reeds in the upper pressure plate and the main spring through rigid units, and then U-shaped bolt pretightening force is exerted through the BEAM BEAM unit.
5. The method for analyzing the fatigue durability of the leaf spring with the limiting block according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in step B, the contact setting includes: the contact setting is carried out between the lower surface of stopper cushion and the upper surface of rear axle housing, between the adjacent reed respectively.
6. The method for analyzing the fatigue durability of the leaf spring with the limiting block according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the type of contact is SLIDE.
7. The method for analyzing the fatigue durability of the leaf spring with the limiting block according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the step B further comprises creating boundary conditions, the creating boundary conditions comprising:
creating SPC constraints at the section of the frame rail: 1. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 degrees of freedom;
creating SPC constraints around the rear axle housing upper surface: 2. 4, 6 degrees of freedom;
an axial revolute pair is established between the rear end lug of the main spring and the upper end of the swing arm;
SPC constraints are created at the center point of the spring ear at the front end of the main spring and the center point of the lower end of the swing arm: 1. 2, 3, 4, 6 degrees of freedom.
8. The method for analyzing the fatigue durability of the leaf spring with the limiting block according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step C, the position for applying the random displacement is the central point of the RBE2 rigid unit established at the central part of the lower surface of the main spring.
9. The method for analyzing the fatigue durability of the leaf spring with the limiting block according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in Step D, the variable amplitude fatigue analysis uses Ncode software and Time Step load type.
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