CN115231652A - 一种紫外光协同过硫酸盐与溴离子降解水体有机微污染物的方法 - Google Patents
一种紫外光协同过硫酸盐与溴离子降解水体有机微污染物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种紫外光协同过硫酸盐与溴离子降解水体有机微污染物的方法，属于水处理技术领域，重点解决的是水体深度净化处理的问题。本发明通过向含有机污染物水体中加入过硫酸盐与溴化物，经过紫外光照射可产生硫酸根自由基、羟基自由基、溴自由基等氧化性强的活性物质，能够彻底降解有机污染物，溴离子的加入能体现出良好的协同处理作用，在紫外过硫酸盐氧化体系的基础上提升反应速率以及提高去除率，能够有效降解传统水处理工艺难以有效降解的有机微污染物。本发明可广泛应用于污染水体深度处理领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水体深度处理领域，处理对象主要包括有毒有害难降解的有机污染物，可用于饮用水处理、污水深度处理、水再生利用方向，具体涉及一种紫外光协同过硫酸盐与溴离子降解水体有机微污染物的方法。
背景技术
有机污染物广泛存在于生产生活中，在江河湖泊等自然水体中也经常被检测到，有机污染物的来源主要来源于三大类方向：（1）农业领域：其主要是农药在农田防治病虫害中大规模应用，主要因素有农药、兽药、饲料添加剂、动物粪便和养殖废水等。（2）工业及生活领域：其主要来源于工业生产过程中排出的废水、污水和废液，包括医药行业废水；生活废水主要包括居民生活中使用的各种洗涤剂和排放的污水、垃圾、粪便等。（3）自然界领域：主要包括微生物转化为有机污染物，其包括水体中生物或者微生物的作用产生的溴味物质。以上微污染物大多具有浓度含量低、化学物质稳定、易于生物积累等特性，大多数有机微污染物具有影响人体内分泌系统、致癌、致畸、致突变等作用。传统的物理法、化学法水处理技术已经难以适用水体中复杂的有机微污染物处理，近年来，针对各种有机微污染物的深度处理技术被广泛研究开发和应用，主要包括膜处理技术、吹脱法、生物处理技术和吸附处理技术。
膜分离是一种通过半透膜分离水中杂质的物理方法，可有效去除水中的嗅味、色度、消毒副产物前体、其它有机物和微生物。用于净水处理的膜分离法主要有反渗透、纳滤和超滤等。膜处理技术虽然具有较好的截留效果，但是其在水处理应用中也存在一些缺点跟问题，例如反渗透工艺中有原水利用率较低、高浓度水处理率较低和外加压力所需能量较高，且对外部水体环境应变能力较差，产水量小、成本高，限制了其大规模推广，在我国膜分离技术主要用于特种水处理。
吹脱法是利用水中溶解化合物的实际浓度与平衡浓度之间的差异，将挥发性组分不断由液相扩散到气相中，达到去除挥发性有机物的目的。吹脱法具有费用低、操作简单的优点。但对难挥发的有机物去除效果差。
生物处理技术虽然对一些污染物具有去除效果好和水处理成本低等优点，但是微生物的活性受到温度、pH、碳源等水质环境等因素影响较大，增加了水处理运行管理的成本跟难度。
膜处理技术虽然具有较好的截留效果，但是其在水处理应用中也存在一些缺点跟问题，例如反渗透工艺中有原水利用率较低、高浓度水处理率较低和外加压力所需能量较高，且对外部水体环境应变能力较差，不易维护管理等问题。
吸附技术在有机微污染物的去除中应用较为广泛，但是存在着容易饱和失效，再生利用率低等问题，吸附后的污染物并没有得到根本的去除，而是换了一种存在方式，仍然具有环境风险，此技术在实验室层面已做了大量尝试探究但是实务运用上却缺乏应用。
因此，为了应对日益严峻的水处理难题，有必要研发一种高效、经济可行的深度处理方法。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种紫外光协同过硫酸盐与溴离子降解水体有机微污染物的方法，目的是为了去除水体中传统水处理工艺难降解有机污染物，涉及水体包括饮用水、工业废水、地下水的深度处理， 本发明可以高效去除农业领域、工业及生活领域、自然界领域水体中广泛存在的酚类化合物、苯胺类化合物、硝酸苯类、石油类、苯系物、甲醛、有机农药、多环芳烃、多氯联苯等污染物。
为了实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案为：
一种紫外光协同过硫酸盐与溴离子降解水体有机微污染物的方法，向含有有机污染物的水体中添加过硫酸盐和溴化物（溴离子），然后进行紫外光照以此来降解水体中的有机微污染物，过硫酸盐与溴化物的投加量可根据污染水体实际情况而定，光照时间根据实际所用的光源及污染物浓度而定。
进一步的，所述有机微污染物为酚类、苯胺类、硝酸苯类、石油类、苯系物、甲醛、有机农药、多环芳烃、多氯联苯中的任意一种或者多种。
进一步的，所述的紫外光来自太阳光、低压汞灯、中压汞灯、高压汞灯、汞齐灯、卤素灯、氙灯、黑灯、真空紫外灯中的任意一种或者多种组合。
进一步的，所述的过硫酸盐为过硫酸钠、过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵中的任意一种或者多种。
进一步的，所述的溴离子为溴化钠、溴化钾、溴化铵、氢溴酸、溴化氢中的任意一种或者多种。
进一步的，所述的过硫酸盐与溴离子的添加方式为固体、液体或者气体方式直投。
为了提升氧化降解效果，可以待投加的过硫酸盐及溴化物充分溶解后进行光照。
进一步的，所述的光照方式为利用石英玻璃浸没式或表面光照式。
进一步的，所述的含有有机污染物的水体反应体系:3≤pH≤11。
本发明的原理是向含有污染物的水体中添加过硫酸盐及溴化物，充分混合后进行光照，在紫外光/过硫酸盐/溴离子氧化体系下，产生的自由基主要为羟基自由基、硫酸根自由基、含溴自由基等具有强氧化性的活性物质，溴自由基是一种具有选择性的强氧化性的自由基，与紫外过硫酸盐氧化体系协同处理可以快速降解水体中有机污染物。
本发明处理条件中水体pH值在3-11之间皆可处理，其中当pH =7时处理效果最佳，为了能达到良好的去除效果，在光源和过硫酸盐添加量稳定后可添加适量磷酸盐作为PH缓冲剂。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：本发明与一般高级氧化技术相比，氧化能力更强，光照有杀菌的效果，可以从消毒跟氧化两方面来体现效果。其次本发明操作简单，适用性强，只需要采用价廉易得的过硫酸盐、溴化物和紫外光源就可以实现光催化的目的，实务中可适用于酸性、中性、碱性多种环境下水处理环境，降低了运行管理的难度。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例5中对磺胺二甲基嘧啶的降解趋势图；
图2为本发明实施例5中对磺胺二甲基嘧啶的降解速率图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但不以任何方式对本发明加以限制，基于本发明教导所作的任何变换或替换，均属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
本实施方式中过硫酸盐投加方式为固体粉末式，经过曝气搅拌混合，采用的光源为表面光照式。
实施例2
向含有污染物的水体中加入配置好的含有过硫酸钠和溴化钠的液体，与污染水体混合后用500w汞灯进行光照。
实施例3
向含有污染物的水体中加入配置好的含有过硫酸钠和溴化钠的液体，与含污染物水体混合均匀，将500w汞灯装入石英冷凝管后，浸没到含污染物水体中光照，石英冷凝柱要定期进行清理，以免影响光源光照强度。
实施例4
向待处理水体中加入过硫酸钾以及溴化钾粉末，混合后放到254nm固定波长光源下进行光照，待测水体与光源不接触，进行表面光照。
实施例5
向含有污染物的水体中加入500uM/L过硫酸钠和200uM/L溴化钠和500uM/L，调节pH =7，混合后放到25w254nm固定波长的光源下光照，光源对待测水体进行表面光照，即可以完成对水体中20uM/L磺胺二甲基嘧啶的去除。
实施例6
向含有污染物的水体中加入100uM/L过硫酸铵粉末和20uM/L氢溴酸，调节pH =7，混合后放到氙灯光源下光照，光源对待测水体进行浸没式照射，将氙灯置于水体中，即可以完成对水体中待处理有机污染物的去除。
实施例7
向含有污染物的水体中加入100uM/L过硫酸铵粉末和20uM/L氢溴酸，调节pH =7，混合后放到室外太阳光下进行表面照射，即可以完成对水体中待处理有机污染物的去除。
Claims (8)
1.一种紫外光协同过硫酸盐与溴离子降解水体有机微污染物的方法，其特征在于，在待处理水体中加入过硫酸盐和溴离子后利用紫外光照射来降解水体中有机微污染物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的紫外光协同过硫酸盐与溴离子降解水体有机微污染物的方法，其特征在于所述有机微污染物为酚类、苯胺类、硝酸苯类、石油类、苯系物、甲醛、有机农药、多环芳烃、多氯联苯中的任意一种或者多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的紫外光协同过硫酸盐与溴离子降解水体有机微污染物的方法，其特征在于，所述的紫外光来自太阳光、低压汞灯、中压汞灯、高压汞灯、汞齐灯、卤素灯、氙灯、黑灯、真空紫外灯中的任意一种或者多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的紫外光协同过硫酸盐与溴离子降解水体有机微污染物的方法，其特征在于，所述的过硫酸盐为过硫酸钠、过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵中的任意一种或者多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的紫外光协同过硫酸盐与溴离子降解水体有机微污染物的方法，其特征在于，所述的溴离子为溴化钠、溴化钾、溴化铵、氢溴酸、溴化氢中的任意一种或者多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的紫外光协同过硫酸盐与溴离子降解水体有机微污染物的方法，其特征在于所述的过硫酸盐与溴离子的添加方式为固体、液体或者气体方式直投。
7.根据权利要求1所述的紫外光协同过硫酸盐与溴离子降解水体有机微污染物的方法，其特征在于所述的光照方式为利用石英玻璃浸没式或表面光照式。
8.根据权利要求1所述的紫外光协同过硫酸盐与溴离子降解水体有机微污染物的方法，其特征在于所述的含有有机污染物的水体反应体系:3≤pH≤11。
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