CN115231614B - Preparation method of yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles - Google Patents

Preparation method of yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles Download PDF

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CN115231614B
CN115231614B CN202210449703.7A CN202210449703A CN115231614B CN 115231614 B CN115231614 B CN 115231614B CN 202210449703 A CN202210449703 A CN 202210449703A CN 115231614 B CN115231614 B CN 115231614B
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董岩
王玥莹
刘鑫
刘星宇
蒋建清
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Southeast University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles, which comprises the steps of firstly preparing a solution containing water-soluble salt and yttrium-zirconium complex, then mixing the solution with organic solvents such as ethanol and the like to obtain coprecipitate of the water-soluble salt and the yttrium-zirconium complex, calcining the coprecipitate below the melting point of the salt, converting the yttrium-zirconium complex into yttrium-doped zirconia, and washing the yttrium-zirconium complex with water to obtain high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles. In the drying and high-temperature calcining processes, the water-soluble salt plays a role in isolation, so that the sintering of the metal oxide nano particles is effectively avoided, the problem of high-temperature sintering of the nano particles is solved, and the process is simple and convenient and the cost is low.

Description

Preparation method of yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles
Technical Field
The invention relates to nano material preparation, in particular to a preparation method of yttrium-doped zirconia nano particles.
Background
Metal oxide nanoparticles generally refer to ultrafine oxide particles having a size of between 1 and 100nm, which have quantum size effects, volume effects, surface effects, and tunnel effects, and have very unique properties in thermal, optical, electrical, magnetic, and chemical aspects, and thus are widely used.
The metal oxide nano-particles are generally prepared by adopting a chemical method, mainly comprising a sol-gel method, a chemical precipitation method, a microemulsion method, a hydrothermal method, a solvothermal method, a spray pyrolysis method and the like, wherein the basic processes of the preparation methods are that firstly a metal oxide precursor is prepared, and then the precursor is calcined and decomposed at a high temperature to obtain the metal oxide nano-particles. In the high-temperature calcination process, the nano particles are easy to sinter, and the dispersed metal oxide nano particles cannot be obtained.
In order to solve the problem of high temperature sintering of nanoparticles, the present research group explored various methods using water-soluble salts as isolation medium. For example, the invention patent CN201610365324.4 proposes a method for coating a water-soluble salt shell on the surface of a nanoparticle, wherein the salt shell plays a role in isolation during the calcination process, and is removed later, so that agglomeration and sintering of the nanoparticle at high temperature can be effectively avoided, and monodisperse nanoparticle is obtained. However, the method has complex process and very low yield. The invention patent CN201610699775.1 firstly prepares hydrosol containing water-soluble salt and oxide precursor nano particles, then mixes the hydrosol with weak polar solvent to separate out the water-soluble salt in the form of ultrafine particles, co-precipitates the water-soluble salt and nano oxide precursor particles, dries the co-precipitate and then calcines the co-precipitate below the melting point of the salt to convert the nano oxide precursor into nano oxide, and finally washes out soluble salt to obtain nano oxide particles. However, the method needs to prepare the tiny dispersed oxide precursor nano particles in advance and prepare the oxide precursor nano particles into transparent hydrosol, so that the process is complicated and the yield is low. The invention patent CN 201810037620.0 uses nanometer potassium sulfate to disperse and isolate the metal oxide precursor particles in dimethylbenzene, and the potassium sulfate is removed by washing after high-temperature calcination to obtain the dispersed nanometer particles. The method needs to prepare two materials of nano potassium sulfate and metal oxide precursor nano particles in advance, and the process is more complicated. The invention patent CN 201810037875.7 is to precipitate the mixed solution of metal sulfate and potassium sulfate in a weak polar organic solvent, and simultaneously use polyacrylic acid as a nucleating agent, form nano potassium sulfate particles in the precipitate to disperse and isolate nano sulfate particles, calcine the precipitate at high temperature, decompose the metal sulfate into metal oxide, and then wash the metal oxide into dispersed metal oxide nano particles. The method has simple process, but the obtained metal oxide particles are coarse and have poor particle size uniformity. The invention patent CN202010125089.X firstly coats a layer of dry gel film containing metal on the surface of water-soluble salt particles, then calcines at high temperature, converts the dry gel film into metal oxide nano particles, and then washes with water to obtain the metal oxide nano particles with high dispersion. However, this method requires a large amount of organic solvent, and cannot be recovered, and thus the production cost is high. In addition, the present group also proposed a method of impregnating water-soluble salts with metal acetylacetonates (patent CN 2019101041603), but the production efficiency was low and the particle size was not uniform.
In summary, the metal oxide nanoparticles have a technical bottleneck of high-temperature sintering in the preparation process, and the subject group attempts a plurality of methods for isolating by using water-soluble salts in the early stage, but the methods have the defects of complex process, high raw material cost, low preparation efficiency and the like.
The cerium oxide-based oxide functional nanoparticle material has very wide application in the fields of catalysis, solid oxide fuel cells, mechanical polishing, gas-sensitive devices and the like, and cerium oxide is doped with lanthanum, cobalt, yttrium, gadolinium, nickel, copper, manganese and other elements, so that a non-stoichiometric cerium oxide-based material can be obtained, namely cerium oxide crystals contain a large number of crystal defects and oxygen vacancies, and the cerium oxide-based material has exceptionally high ion mobility, and has better oxygen storage capacity and catalytic performance than pure cerium oxide. The preparation method of the cerium oxide-based nano particles mainly comprises a solid phase method and a liquid phase method. The solid phase method is obtained by calcining oxalate, carbonate or basic carbonate corresponding to cerium and doped elements at high temperature, and the method is simple and easy to implement, but the nano particles are easy to sinter at high temperature, so that the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles are difficult to prepare; the liquid phase method is a method of obtaining cerium oxide-based nanoparticles by performing a physical or chemical process through a liquid, or a precursor of the cerium oxide-based nanoparticles, and then obtaining the cerium oxide-based nanoparticles by high-temperature calcination. The liquid phase method also has the defects that sintering of nano particles in the high-temperature calcination process is unavoidable, dispersed cerium oxide-based nano particles are difficult to obtain, the method is complex in operation and low in preparation efficiency, and impurities are easy to remain.
The performance of the yttrium doped zirconia nano-powder is one of the decisive factors of the application performance of the nanocrystalline ceramic material, and besides the tetragonal phase crystal structure and the small particle size, the requirement on the dispersibility of the yttrium doped zirconia nano-powder is extremely high. If the zirconia nano-particles have serious particle agglomeration and sintering defects, the zirconia nano-crystalline ceramic with high density and high strength is difficult to sinter. The preparation method of the yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles mainly comprises a coprecipitation method, a sol-gel method, a hydrothermal method and the like. The coprecipitation method is to prepare a mixed solution of yttrium salt and zirconium salt, add a precipitator to precipitate yttrium and zirconium coprecipitation, and then carry out the procedures of washing, drying, high-temperature calcination and the like to prepare yttrium doped zirconia. However, the method cannot avoid the contact and sintering of the nano particles in the high-temperature calcination process, and the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano particles are difficult to obtain; the sol-gel method needs to prepare sol containing yttrium and zirconium, and then prepares yttrium doped zirconia through the processes of gelation, drying, high-temperature calcination decomposition and the like. The method has the defects of high raw material cost, long gel drying period, inapplicability to large-scale production and incapacity of avoiding particle sintering in the high-temperature calcination process; the hydrothermal method is to use a reaction kettle to react at high temperature and high pressure to generate yttrium doped zirconia, and the method can obtain nano particles with good dispersibility, but has poor safety and is difficult to produce in a large scale.
The ultrathin layer MLCC not only requires the nano nickel powder to have small particle size, but also has extremely high requirements on the particle dispersibility and crystallinity of the nano nickel powder. When the MLCC inner electrode is manufactured, the nano nickel powder needs to be well crystallized through the glue discharging process in the air, so that the nano nickel powder has good oxidation resistance to prevent the nano nickel powder from being oxidized during glue discharging; meanwhile, the nano nickel powder also needs to have good dispersibility, and cannot have particle agglomeration or sintering defects, otherwise, the problems of discontinuous internal electrodes, electric leakage and the like of the MLCC are caused. The oxidation resistance of the nano nickel powder depends on the crystallinity, which is severely dependent on the preparation temperature, and the nano nickel powder can be prepared at a high temperature above 600 ℃ to obtain the nickel powder particles with good crystallization and compactness. Although nano nickel powder with the particle size smaller than 100nm can be prepared by liquid phase reduction and other methods, the preparation temperature is too low (< 100 ℃), the crystallinity is poor, and oxidation occurs at room temperature. The nano nickel powder for the commercial MLCC at present adopts a Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) method or a Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) method, the prepared nano nickel powder is about 100-300nm, and has good oxidation resistance and dispersibility, but the CVD and PVD methods have the defects of expensive equipment, complex process, extremely high production cost and difficulty in preparing the nano nickel powder with the particle size smaller than 100 nm.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: based on the above problems of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing highly dispersed metal oxide nanoparticles, which solves the problems of complex process and low efficiency of the existing method.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of cerium oxide-based nano particles, which solves the problems that the particles are easy to sinter and difficult to uniformly dope in the existing cerium oxide preparation technology.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing yttrium-doped zirconia nanoparticles, which solves the problems of hard agglomeration and sintering of particles and low preparation efficiency of the existing yttrium-doped zirconia nanoparticle preparation technology.
The invention also aims to provide a method for preparing the high-dispersion MLCC nano nickel powder, which solves the problem that the existing method is difficult to prepare the nano nickel powder with the particle size smaller than 100nm, good crystallinity and good dispersibility.
The technical scheme is as follows: in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method of preparing highly dispersed metal oxide nanoparticles comprising the steps of:
(1) Adding metal salt, water-soluble salt and complexing agent corresponding to the metal oxide into water to obtain mixed solution containing the water-soluble salt and the metal complex;
(2) Adding an organic solvent into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) to precipitate water-soluble salt and metal complex together, so as to obtain a precipitate of the water-soluble salt isolated metal complex;
(3) Drying the precipitate and calcining at a temperature below the melting point of the water-soluble salt to convert the metal complex into metal oxide, thereby obtaining water-soluble salt isolated metal oxide nanoparticles;
(4) Washing water soluble salt in the calcined product with deionized water, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion metal oxide nano particles.
The metal oxide is preferably any one of aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, copper oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, cerium oxide, yttrium oxide, europium oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, terbium oxide, dysprosium oxide, and neodymium oxide, other than alkali metal oxide and alkaline earth metal oxide.
Preferably, the water-soluble salt is any one of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium carbonate, and potassium carbonate.
Preferably, the metal salt refers to any one of metal nitrate, metal acetate, metal sulfate and metal chloride corresponding to the metal oxide.
Preferably, the complexing agent is any one of citric acid, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, tartaric acid, sodium tartrate, potassium tartrate, polyacrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate, ammonium polyacrylate, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, potassium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, gluconic acid, sodium gluconate, potassium gluconate, glucoheptonic acid, sodium glucoheptonate, potassium glucoheptonate, and ammonia water.
Preferably, the organic solvent is any one of ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether, dimethylformamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide.
The mole ratio of the water-soluble salt to the metal salt is more than or equal to 1.
The mole ratio of the complexing agent to the metal salt is 0.1-1:1.
In the above-described scheme, a mixed solution containing a water-soluble salt and a metal complex is first prepared, and in this mixed solution, the water-soluble salt and the metal complex are uniformly distributed at the molecular or ionic level. When the organic solvent is added, the solubility of the water-soluble salt and the metal complex in the mixed solution decreases while precipitating out from water, i.e., a state in which the water-soluble salt separates the metal complex in the precipitate is formed. And drying the coprecipitate, calcining the coprecipitate below the melting point of the salt to convert the metal complex in the coprecipitate into metal oxide, cooling the coprecipitate, washing off water-soluble salt, and drying the coprecipitate to obtain the high dispersion metal oxide nano particles. In the high-temperature calcination process, the metal oxide nano particles are always isolated and dispersed by water-soluble salts, so that high-temperature sintering of the nano particles is effectively avoided, and therefore, the high-dispersion nano particle material can be prepared.
The preparation method of the cerium oxide-based nano particles provided by the other aspect of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) Dissolving water-soluble salt, cerium salt and doped element salt in water, and adding complexing agent to prepare mixed solution containing complex of cerium and doped element and water-soluble salt;
(2) Adding an organic solvent into the mixed solution to precipitate a water-soluble salt and a complex of cerium and a doping element together to obtain a coprecipitate, wherein nano particles of the complex of cerium and the doping element are isolated by the water-soluble salt;
(3) Drying the obtained coprecipitate, and calcining the coprecipitate at a temperature above 350 ℃ and below the melting point of the water-soluble salt to decompose the complex of cerium and doped elements in the coprecipitate and generate cerium oxide-based nano particles, wherein the water-soluble salt still keeps a solid state and plays a role in isolation;
(4) And (3) washing the calcined product with water, removing water-soluble salt, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
The chemical composition of the cerium oxide-based nano particles is Ce 1-xMxO2-y, wherein M is a doping element, M= La, co, Y, gd, ni, cu or Mn is at least one, x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.2, y is a non-stoichiometric number and y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.5.
Preferably, the salt corresponding to cerium and the doping element is nitrate, acetate, sulfate or chloride of cerium and the doping element, and the complex of cerium and the doping element refers to a complex formed by the complexing agent and the cerium and the doping element.
Preferably, the water-soluble salt refers to potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate.
Preferably, the complexing agent is polyacrylic acid, potassium polyacrylate, sodium polyacrylate, ammonium polyacrylate, citric acid, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, potassium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, tartaric acid, potassium tartrate, sodium tartrate, gluconic acid, potassium gluconate, sodium gluconate, glucoheptonic acid, potassium glucoheptonate or sodium glucoheptonate.
Preferably, the organic solvent is ethanol, isopropanol, propanol, tert-butanol, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether, dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethylformamide.
The mass ratio of the water-soluble salt to the cerium salt is more than or equal to 1.
The mole ratio of the complexing agent to the cerium salt is 0.1-1:1.
In the above scheme, a mixed solution containing a complex of cerium and a doping element and a water-soluble salt is first prepared, wherein the cerium and the doping element are uniformly distributed at a molecular or ionic level. After the organic solvent is added, the solubility of the complex of cerium and doping element and the water-soluble salt in the solution is reduced, and meanwhile, the complex is precipitated from water, so that the water-soluble salt is formed in the precipitate to disperse and isolate the complex of cerium. Drying the coprecipitate, calcining below the melting point of the salt, decomposing the cerium and the doped element complex to obtain doped cerium oxide, and washing off the water soluble salt to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles. In the drying and high-temperature calcining processes, cerium and the doped element complex or cerium oxide-based nano particles are always dispersed and isolated by water soluble salts, so that the problem of high-temperature sintering of the nano particles is effectively solved.
Based on the problem of the preparation method of yttrium-doped zirconia nanoparticles, according to still another aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing yttrium-doped zirconia nanoparticles is provided, comprising the steps of:
(1) Dissolving zirconium salt, yttrium salt, water-soluble salt and complexing agent in water to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the molar ratio of the yttrium salt to the zirconium salt is 0.03-0.15:1;
(2) An organic solvent is added to the mixed solution to obtain a coprecipitate of a water-soluble salt and yttrium-zirconium complex. The yttrium-zirconium complex nanoparticles are dispersed and isolated by water soluble salts in the precipitate;
(3) Drying the coprecipitate, and calcining the coprecipitate below the melting point of a water-soluble salt above the decomposition temperature of the yttrium-zirconium complex to convert the yttrium-zirconium complex into yttrium-doped zirconia, wherein the barium water-soluble salt of the yttrium-doped zirconia nano particles is dispersed and isolated;
(4) And washing and drying the calcined product by deionized water to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Preferably, the water-soluble salt refers to potassium sulfate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.
Preferably, the complexing agent is polyacrylic acid, ammonium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate, sodium polyacrylate, citric acid, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, potassium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, tartaric acid, potassium tartrate, sodium tartrate, gluconic acid, sodium gluconate, potassium gluconate, glucoheptonic acid, sodium glucoheptonate or potassium glucoheptonate.
Preferably, the organic solvent is ethanol, propanol, tert-butanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide.
The mole ratio of the water-soluble salt and the zirconium salt is more than or equal to 1.
The mole ratio of the complexing agent to the zirconium salt is 0.1-1:1.
In the above scheme, yttrium and zirconium elements are uniformly distributed on the molecular or ionic level in the prepared mixed solution containing yttrium-zirconium complex and water-soluble salt. When the organic solvent is added, the solubility of the water-soluble salt and the yttrium-zirconium complex in the mixed solution is reduced, the water-soluble salt and the yttrium-zirconium complex are jointly precipitated from the solution, and the effect of dispersing and isolating the yttrium-zirconium complex by the water-soluble salt is formed in the coprecipitate. In the subsequent high temperature calcination process, the yttrium-zirconium complex is converted into yttrium-doped zirconia, and finally the water soluble salt is washed away to obtain the high dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles. The nano particles are always effectively isolated and dispersed by the solid water-soluble salt in the high-temperature calcination process, so that the problem of particle sintering can not occur.
In still another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing high dispersion MLCC nano nickel powder, comprising the steps of:
(1) Adding nickel salt, complexing agent and water-soluble salt into water to obtain mixed solution of water-soluble salt and nickel complex;
(2) An organic solvent is added to the mixed solution of the water-soluble salt and the nickel complex to reduce the solubility of the water-soluble salt and the nickel complex, thereby obtaining a precipitate. In this precipitate, the water-soluble salt sequesters the dispersed nickel complex;
(3) Drying the precipitate obtained in the step 2), and calcining at a temperature higher than the decomposition temperature of the nickel complex and lower than the melting point of the water-soluble salt to obtain a calcined product. In the calcined product, the nickel complex is converted into nickel oxide, i.e., a state in which water-soluble salt-isolated nickel nanoparticles are formed;
(4) Reducing the calcined product at a high temperature above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of the water-soluble salt to obtain a high-temperature reduction product;
(5) Washing the high-temperature reduction product with deionized water and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Preferably, the nickel salt is nickel nitrate, nickel sulfate, nickel acetate or nickel chloride, and the water-soluble salt is potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate;
Preferably, the organic solvent is ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, propanol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide.
Preferably, the complexing agent is ammonia water, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, polyacrylic acid, ammonium polyacrylate, sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate, citric acid, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, tartaric acid, sodium tartrate, potassium tartrate, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, potassium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, gluconic acid, sodium gluconate or potassium gluconate, and forms a corresponding complex with the nickel ions.
Preferably, the mole ratio of the water soluble salt to the nickel salt is more than or equal to 1.
The mole ratio of the complexing agent to the nickel salt is 0.1-1:1.
In the scheme, the invention prepares a mixed solution containing the nickel complex and the water-soluble salt, then adds an organic solvent as a precipitator to cause the nickel complex and the water-soluble salt to co-precipitate, then carries out high-temperature calcination and reduction to convert the nickel complex into metallic nickel, and washes to remove the water-soluble salt, thus obtaining the high-crystallization high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
The beneficial effects are that: the nano particles prepared by the invention have good dispersibility and crystallinity, the cost is low, the water-soluble salt and the organic solvent which are used do not participate in chemical reaction, the nano particles can be recycled after being recovered, the process is simple, the nano particles are very suitable for large-scale production, the requirement on preparation equipment is extremely low, the safety problems such as high pressure and the like are not involved, and the universality is strong;
The cerium oxide-based nano particles are always isolated and dispersed by solid salt at high temperature, so that the prepared nano particles have good dispersibility, are easy to realize element doping in cerium oxide, can be prepared into cerium oxide-based nano particles with different performances by adding elements such as lanthanum, cobalt, yttrium, nickel, copper or manganese when preparing a solution, and can meet the requirements of ultraviolet absorbing materials and catalytic materials;
The yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles are always dispersed and isolated by solid salt in the high-temperature calcination process, so that the dispersibility is good and the preparation efficiency is high.
The nano nickel powder prepared by the invention has good crystallinity and dispersibility, and the prepared particle size is less than 100nm.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of yttria nanoparticles prepared by the method of example 11, having an average particle diameter of about 30nm;
FIG. 2 is a graph of zirconia nanoparticles prepared by the method of example 13, with an average particle diameter of about 30nm;
FIG. 3 is a graph of nickel oxide nanoparticles prepared by the method of example 18, with an average particle diameter of about 70nm;
FIG. 4 is a graph of cerium oxide nanoparticles prepared by the method of example 23, with an average particle diameter of about 30nm;
FIG. 5 is a graph of nickel oxide nanoparticles prepared by the method of example 28, with an average particle diameter of about 60nm;
FIG. 6 is a graph of nickel oxide nanoparticles prepared by the method of example 33, with an average particle diameter of about 70nm;
FIG. 7 is a graph of cerium oxide nanoparticles prepared by the method of example 57, with an average particle diameter of about 20nm;
FIG. 8 is a graph of cerium oxide nanoparticles prepared by the method of example 79, with an average particle diameter of about 30nm.
FIG. 9 is a cerium oxide-based nanoparticle prepared at 700℃by the method of example 81, with an average particle size of about 30nm;
FIG. 10 is a graph of yttrium-doped zirconia nanoparticles prepared at 700℃using the method of example 125, with an average particle size of about 30nm;
FIG. 11 shows the average particle size of the nano-nickel powder prepared by the method of example 168 at 650℃with an average particle size of about 80nm.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to examples and figures.
The water-soluble salts of the present invention can be used as a spacer material. The water-soluble salts used in the present invention may be sodium chloride, potassium chloride, lithium chloride, cesium chloride, rubidium chloride, lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, cesium sulfate, rubidium sulfate, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, sodium phosphate, sodium metaaluminate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate. Sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate is preferably used from the viewpoints of chemical stability and cost.
Metal oxides which do not react chemically with water and the selected salts are suitable. The metal oxide used in the present invention may be magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, iron oxide, zirconium oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, niobium oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, cerium oxide, yttrium oxide, europium oxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide, terbium oxide, dysprosium oxide, or neodymium oxide. From the viewpoint of stability, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, copper oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, cerium oxide, yttrium oxide, europium oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, terbium oxide, dysprosium oxide, or neodymium oxide are preferably used.
In the invention, the complexing agent or the complexing method which can lead the metal to generate the water-soluble metal complex can be applied. Complexing agents for use in the present invention may be citric acid, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, tartaric acid, sodium tartrate, potassium tartrate, polyacrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate, ammonium polyacrylate, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, potassium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium nitrilotriacetate, sodium diethylenetriamine pentacarboxylate, sodium alginate, gluconic acid, sodium gluconate, potassium gluconate, gluconic acid, sodium glucoheptonate, potassium glucoheptonate, hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, maleic acid acrylic acid copolymer, aqueous ammonia, or ammonium compounds. From the viewpoints of chemical stability and cost, citric acid, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, tartaric acid, sodium tartrate, potassium tartrate, polyacrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate, ammonium polyacrylate, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, gluconic acid, sodium gluconate, potassium gluconate, gluconic acid, sodium glucoheptonate, potassium glucoheptonate, or ammonia water is preferably used as the complexing agent.
In the present invention, organic solvents which are miscible with water and which can reduce the solubility of water-soluble salts and metal complexes are suitable. The organic solvent used in the present invention may be pyridine, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, t-butanol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether, dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide. From the viewpoints of chemical stability, non-toxicity and economy, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, t-butanol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether, dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide are preferable.
According to the invention, the addition amount of the complexing agent does not need to be calculated according to coordination numbers of the metal and the complexing agent, and even if the addition amount of the complexing agent is small, metal ions can be completely precipitated. However, when the amount of the complexing agent added is too small, the obtained nano particles have poor uniformity of particle size and larger particles are easy to appear. Preferably, the addition amount of the post-complexing agent is 0.1 to 1 time of the mole number of the metal salt.
The method of preparing the highly dispersed metal oxide nanoparticles is further described below in connection with specific examples.
Example 1
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of aluminum nitrate and 0.05mol of citric acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion alumina nano particles.
Example 2
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of titanium nitrate and 0.05mol of citric acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion titanium dioxide nano particles.
Example 3
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.05mol of citric acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 4
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of cobalt nitrate and 0.05mol of citric acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cobalt oxide nano particles.
Example 5
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of ferric nitrate and 0.05mol of citric acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion ferric oxide nano particles.
Example 6
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of magnesium nitrate and 0.05mol of citric acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion magnesium oxide nano particles.
Example 7
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of copper nitrate and 0.05mol of citric acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion copper oxide nano particles.
Example 8
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of tin chloride and 0.05mol of citric acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion tin oxide nano particles.
Example 9
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of indium chloride and 0.05mol of citric acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion indium oxide nano particles.
Example 10
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate and 0.05mol of citric acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide nano particles.
Example 11
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of citric acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium oxide nano-particles.
Example 12
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of europium nitrate and 0.05mol of citric acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion europium oxide nano particles.
Example 13
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate and 0.05mol of citric acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion zirconia nano-particles.
Example 14
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.05mol of citric acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion lanthanum oxide nano particles.
Example 15
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of terbium nitrate and 0.05mol of citric acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion terbium oxide nano-particles.
Example 16
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of dysprosium nitrate and 0.05mol of citric acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion dysprosium oxide nano particles.
Example 17
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of neodymium nitrate and 0.05mol of citric acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion neodymium oxide nano particles.
Example 18
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.05mol of sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 19
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel acetate and 0.05mol of sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 20
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel chloride and 0.05mol of sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 21
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel sulfate and 0.05mol of sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 22
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate and 0.05mol of sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide nano particles.
Example 23
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of cerium acetate and 0.05mol of sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide nano particles.
Example 24
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of cerium chloride and 0.05mol of sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide nano particles.
Example 25
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of cerium sulfate and 0.05mol of sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide nano particles.
Example 26
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of aqueous ammonia were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 27
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of citric acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 28
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of sodium citrate were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 29
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of potassium citrate were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 30
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of tartaric acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 31
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of sodium tartrate were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 32
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of potassium tartrate were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 33
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 34
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of sodium polyacrylate were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 35
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of potassium polyacrylate were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 36
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of ammonium polyacrylate were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 37
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 38
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 39
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of potassium ethylenediamine tetraacetate were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 40
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of gluconic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 41
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of sodium gluconate were added thereto and dissolved by stirring to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 42
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of potassium gluconate were added thereto and dissolved by stirring to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 43
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of glucoheptonic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 44
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of sodium glucoheptonate were added thereto and dissolved by stirring to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 45
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of potassium glucoheptonate were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 46
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of potassium glucoheptonate were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 47
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 48
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of propanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 49
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of isopropanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 50
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of tertiary butanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 51
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 2 liters of ethylene glycol methyl ether, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 52
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 2L of ethylene glycol diethyl ether, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 53
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 2L of ethylene glycol butyl ether, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 54
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 2L of diethylene glycol butyl ether, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 55
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 2L of dimethylformamide, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 56
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 2L of dimethyl sulfoxide, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 57
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of cerium nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide nano particles.
Example 48
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of cerium nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of propanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide nano particles.
Example 59
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of cerium nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of isopropanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide nano particles.
Example 60
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of cerium nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of tertiary butanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide nano particles.
Example 61
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of cerium nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 2 liters of ethylene glycol methyl ether, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide nano particles.
Example 62
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of cerium nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 2L of ethylene glycol diethyl ether, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide nano particles.
Example 63
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of cerium nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 2L of ethylene glycol butyl ether, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide nano particles.
Example 64
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of cerium nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 2L of diethylene glycol butyl ether, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide nano particles.
Example 65
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of cerium nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 2L of dimethylformamide, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide nano particles.
Example 66
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of cerium nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 2L of dimethyl sulfoxide, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide nano particles.
Example 67
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous potassium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of cerium nitrate was added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 2L of dimethyl sulfoxide, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining below the melting point of potassium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide nano particles.
Example 68
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium chloride solution was prepared, and 1mol of cerium nitrate and 1mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 2L of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium chloride salt, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide nano particles.
Example 69
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous potassium chloride solution was prepared, and 1mol of cerium nitrate and 1mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 2L of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium chloride salt, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide nano particles.
Example 70
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 2L of dimethyl sulfoxide, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 71
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous potassium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 2L of dimethyl sulfoxide, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining below the melting point of potassium carbonate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 72
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium chloride solution was prepared, and 1mol of nickel nitrate and 1mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 2L of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium chloride, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 73
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous potassium chloride solution was prepared, and 1mol of nickel nitrate and 1mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 2L of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of potassium chloride salt, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 74
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 75
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 76
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 77
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 1mol of nickel nitrate and 1mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nickel oxide nano particles.
Example 78
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 1mol of cerium nitrate and 0.1mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide nano particles.
Example 79
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 1mol of cerium nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide nano particles.
Example 80
1 Liter of a 2M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 1mol of cerium nitrate and 1mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution to prepare a transparent aqueous solution. Adding 1 liter of ethanol, drying the obtained precipitate, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide nano particles.
The nanoparticles prepared in examples 11, 13, 18, 23, 28, 33, 57 and 79 were subjected to morphology testing, and specific results are shown in fig. 1-8, from which it can be seen that the dispersibility was good.
When the water-soluble salt of the above example is not added, the stability of the aqueous metal complex solution is high, and no precipitation occurs after the addition of the organic solvent. However, in the above examples, when the water-soluble salt is re-dissolved in the aqueous metal complex solution, the solubility of the metal complex changes, and the metal complex precipitates together with the water-soluble salt after the addition of the organic solvent, and the metal complex is isolated and dispersed by the water-soluble salt.
The method for preparing cerium oxide-based nanoparticles will be specifically described with reference to the following examples.
Example 81
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate, 0.001mol of lanthanum nitrate, 0.001mol of cobalt nitrate and 0.05mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 82
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate, 0.001mol of yttrium nitrate, 0.001mol of gadolinium nitrate and 0.05mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 83
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, 0.1mol of cerium nitrate, 0.001mol of nickel nitrate, 0.001mol of copper nitrate, 0.001mol of manganese nitrate and 0.05mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 84
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate and 0.05mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 85
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium acetate, 0.01mol of lanthanum acetate and 0.05mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 86
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium sulfate, 0.01mol of lanthanum sulfate, and 0.05mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 87
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, 0.1mol of cerium chloride, 0.01mol of lanthanum chloride and 0.05mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 88
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate, and 0.1mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 89
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.1mol of potassium polyacrylate were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 90
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.1mol of sodium polyacrylate were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 91
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.1mol of ammonium polyacrylate were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 92
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate, and 0.1mol of citric acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 93
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.1mol of potassium citrate were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 94
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.1mol of sodium citrate were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 95
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.05mol of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 96
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.1mol of potassium ethylenediamine tetraacetate were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 97
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.1mol of sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 98
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.1mol of tartaric acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 99
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.1mol of potassium tartrate were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 100
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.1mol of sodium tartrate were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 101
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.1mol of gluconic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 102
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.1mol of potassium gluconate were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 103
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.1mol of sodium gluconate were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 104
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.1mol of glucoheptonic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 105
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.1mol of potassium glucoheptonate were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 106
1 Liter of a 0.5M potassium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, and 0.1mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.1mol of sodium glucoheptonate were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 107
1 Liter of a 1M sodium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, 0.5mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 2L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 108
1 Liter of a 1M sodium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, 0.5mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 2L of isopropanol to obtain precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 109
1 Liter of a 1M sodium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, 0.5mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 2L of propanol to obtain precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 110
1 Liter of a 1M sodium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, 0.5mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 2L of tertiary butanol to obtain precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 111
1 Liter of a 1M sodium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, 0.5mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 2L of ethylene glycol diethyl ether to obtain precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 112
1 Liter of a 1M sodium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, 0.5mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 2L of ethylene glycol methyl ether to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 113
1 Liter of a 1M sodium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, 0.5mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 2L of ethylene glycol butyl ether to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 114
1 Liter of a 1M sodium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, 0.5mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 2L of diethylene glycol butyl ether to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 115
1 Liter of a 1M sodium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, 0.5mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 2L of dimethyl sulfoxide to obtain precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 116
1 Liter of a 2M potassium carbonate solution was prepared with deionized water, 0.5mol of cerium nitrate was added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 2L of dimethyl sulfoxide to obtain precipitate, drying, calcining below the melting point of potassium carbonate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nanoparticle.
Example 117
1 Liter of a 1M sodium chloride solution was prepared with deionized water, 0.5mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 2L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium chloride, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 118
1 Liter of 1M potassium chloride solution was prepared with deionized water, 0.5mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 2L of ethanol to obtain precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium chloride salt, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 119
1 Liter of 1M sodium carbonate solution was prepared with deionized water, 0.5mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 2L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 120
1 Liter of 1M potassium carbonate solution was prepared with deionized water, 0.5mol of cerium nitrate, 0.01mol of lanthanum nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 2L of ethanol to obtain precipitate, drying, calcining below the melting point of potassium carbonate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 121
1 Liter of a 1M sodium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, 0.5mol of cerium acetate, 0.01mol of lanthanum acetate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 2L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 122
1 Liter of a 1M sodium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, 0.5mol of cerium acetate, 0.01mol of lanthanum acetate and 0.05mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 2L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 123
1 Liter of a 1M sodium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, 0.5mol of cerium acetate, 0.01mol of lanthanum acetate, and 0.25mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 2L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
Example 124
1 Liter of a 1M sodium sulfate solution was prepared with deionized water, 0.5mol of cerium acetate, 0.01mol of lanthanum acetate, 0.01mol of cobalt acetate, 0.01mol of yttrium acetate, 0.01mol of gadolinium acetate, 0.01mol of nickel acetate, 0.01mol of copper acetate, 0.01mol of manganese acetate and 0.25mol of polyacrylic acid were added and stirred for dissolution. Adding 2L of ethanol to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, cooling, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion cerium oxide-based nano particles.
If the water-soluble salt described in the above examples is not added to the aqueous solution of cerium and the dopant element complex, the stability of the solution is high, and the precipitation phenomenon does not occur when the organic solvent is added. However, after the water-soluble salt is dissolved, the dissolution properties of the cerium and the doped element complex are obviously changed, and the cerium and the doped element complex and the water-soluble salt are precipitated and separated out at the same time, which is one of the important factors that the above embodiments can efficiently prepare cerium oxide-based nanoparticles.
The method of preparing yttrium-doped zirconia nanoparticles is further illustrated by the specific examples below.
Example 125
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.01mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 126
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium acetate, 0.01mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 127
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium chloride, 0.01mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 128
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium oxychloride, 0.01mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 129
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.01mol of yttrium acetate and 0.05mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 130
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.01mol of yttrium sulfate and 0.05mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 131
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.01mol of yttrium chloride and 0.05mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 132
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.003mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 133
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.015mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of polyacrylic acid were added and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 134
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.01mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of ammonium polyacrylate were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 135
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.01mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of potassium polyacrylate were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 136
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.01mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of sodium polyacrylate were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 137
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.01mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of citric acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 138
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.01mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of potassium citrate were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 139
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.01mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of sodium citrate were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 140
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.01mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 141
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.01mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 142
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.01mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of potassium ethylenediamine tetraacetate were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 143
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.01mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of tartaric acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 144
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.01mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of potassium tartrate were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 145
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.01mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of gluconic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 146
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.01mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of sodium gluconate were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 147
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.01mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of potassium gluconate were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 148
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.01mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of glucoheptonic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 149
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.01mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of sodium glucoheptonate were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 150
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.01mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.05mol of potassium glucoheptonate were added thereto and dissolved with stirring. Adding 1 liter of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of potassium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 151
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.2mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.02mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.2mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 2L of propanol while stirring to obtain precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 152
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.2mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.02mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.2mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 2 liters of tertiary butanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 153
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.2mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.02mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.2mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 2 liters of isopropanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 154
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.2mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.02mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.2mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 2 liters of ethylene glycol methyl ether while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 155
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.2mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.02mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.2mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 2 liters of ethylene glycol diethyl ether while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 156
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.2mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.02mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.2mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 2L of ethylene glycol butyl ether while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 157
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.2mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.02mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.2mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 2L of diethylene glycol butyl ether while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining below the melting point of sodium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 158
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.2mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.02mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.2mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 2 liters of dimethylformamide while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 159
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.2mol of zirconium nitrate, 0.02mol of yttrium nitrate and 0.2mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 2 liters of dimethyl sulfoxide while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 160
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous potassium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.2mol of zirconium acetate and 0.02mol of yttrium acetate were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 2 liters of dimethyl sulfoxide while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining below the melting point of potassium carbonate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 161
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium chloride solution was prepared, and 0.2mol of zirconium acetate, 0.02mol of yttrium acetate and 0.2mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 2L of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining below the melting point of sodium chloride, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 162
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous potassium chloride solution was prepared, and 0.2mol of zirconium acetate, 0.02mol of yttrium acetate and 0.2mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 2L of ethanol while stirring to obtain precipitate, drying, calcining below the melting point of potassium chloride salt, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 163
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.2mol of zirconium acetate, 0.02mol of yttrium acetate and 0.2mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 2 liters of ethanol while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium carbonate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 164
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous potassium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.2mol of zirconium acetate, 0.02mol of yttrium acetate and 0.2mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 2L of ethanol while stirring to obtain precipitate, drying, calcining below the melting point of potassium carbonate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 165
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.2mol of zirconium acetate, 0.02mol of yttrium acetate and 0.2mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 2 liters of dimethyl sulfoxide while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 166
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.2mol of zirconium acetate, 0.02mol of yttrium acetate and 0.02mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 2 liters of dimethyl sulfoxide while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
Example 167
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.2mol of zirconium acetate, 0.02mol of yttrium acetate and 0.1mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Adding 2 liters of dimethyl sulfoxide while stirring to obtain a precipitate, drying, calcining under the melting point of sodium sulfate, washing with water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles.
If the yttrium-zirconium complex is only an aqueous solution, the stability is very good when the water-soluble salt is not contained in the above examples, and no precipitation is generated by adding an organic solvent such as ethanol. The addition of the water-soluble salt greatly changes the dissolution property of the cerium complex, and the cerium complex and the water-soluble salt are co-precipitated and separated out after the addition of the organic solvent, and the cerium complex and the water-soluble salt are separated and dispersed, so that the cerium-doped zirconia nano-particle is one of the main reasons why the yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particle can be efficiently prepared in the embodiment.
The method for preparing the high dispersion MLCC nano nickel powder is further described below by specific examples.
Example 168
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.05mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring for dissolution. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 169
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel sulfate and 0.05mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring for dissolution. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 170
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel acetate and 0.05mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring for dissolution. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 171
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel chloride and 0.05mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring for dissolution. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 172
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of aqueous ammonia were added thereto, followed by stirring for dissolution. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 173
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of ammonium bicarbonate were added thereto, followed by stirring for dissolution. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 174
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of ammonium carbonate were added thereto, followed by stirring for dissolution. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 175
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring for dissolution. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 176
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of ammonium polyacrylate were added thereto, followed by stirring for dissolution. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 177
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.05mol of sodium polyacrylate were added thereto, followed by stirring for dissolution. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 178
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.05mol of potassium polyacrylate were added thereto, followed by stirring for dissolution. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 179
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of citric acid were added thereto, followed by stirring for dissolution. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 180
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of sodium citrate were added thereto, followed by stirring for dissolution. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 181
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of potassium citrate were added thereto, followed by stirring for dissolution. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 182
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of tartaric acid were added thereto, followed by stirring for dissolution. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 183
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of sodium tartrate were added thereto, followed by stirring for dissolution. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 184
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of potassium tartrate were added thereto, followed by stirring for dissolution. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 185
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.05mol of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 186
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.05mol of sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 187A
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.05mol of potassium ethylenediamine tetraacetate were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 188
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of gluconic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 189
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of sodium gluconate were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 190
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of potassium gluconate were added thereto and dissolved by stirring. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 191
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous solution of sodium sulfate was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution. Then adding 2L of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ below the melting point of sodium sulfate in air, calcining at above 600 ℃ below the melting point of sodium sulfate in reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 192
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous solution of sodium sulfate was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution. Then adding 2 liters of isopropanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ below the melting point of sodium sulfate in air, calcining at above 600 ℃ below the melting point of sodium sulfate in reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing for 2-3 times by deionized water, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 193
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous solution of sodium sulfate was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution. Then adding 2 liters of tertiary butanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of sodium sulfate in air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of sodium sulfate in reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing for 2-3 times by deionized water, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 194
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous solution of sodium sulfate was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution. Then adding 2L of propanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at 300 ℃ above and below the melting point of sodium sulfate, calcining at 600 ℃ above and below the melting point of sodium sulfate in a reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 195
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous solution of sodium sulfate was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution. Then adding 2 liters of ethylene glycol methyl ether to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of sodium sulfate salt in air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of sodium sulfate salt in reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing for 2-3 times by deionized water, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 196
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous solution of sodium sulfate was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution. Then adding 2L of ethylene glycol diethyl ether to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ below the melting point of sodium sulfate in air, calcining at above 600 ℃ below the melting point of sodium sulfate in reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 197
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous solution of sodium sulfate was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution. Then adding 2L of diethylene glycol butyl ether to generate precipitation, drying, calcining at the temperature above 300 ℃ below the melting point of sodium sulfate in the air, calcining at the temperature above 600 ℃ below the melting point of sodium sulfate in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing for 2-3 times by deionized water, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 198
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous solution of sodium sulfate was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution. Then adding 2L of ethylene glycol butyl ether to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ below the melting point of sodium sulfate in air, calcining at above 600 ℃ below the melting point of sodium sulfate in reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing for 2-3 times with deionized water, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 199
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous solution of sodium sulfate was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution. Then adding 2L of dimethylformamide to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ below the melting point of sodium sulfate in air, calcining at above 600 ℃ below the melting point of sodium sulfate in reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing for 2-3 times with deionized water, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 200
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous solution of sodium sulfate was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution. Then adding 2L of dimethyl sulfoxide to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ below the melting point of sodium sulfate in air, calcining at above 600 ℃ below the melting point of sodium sulfate in reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing for 2-3 times with deionized water, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 201
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous solution of sodium chloride was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring for dissolution. Then adding 2L of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ below the melting point of sodium chloride in air, calcining at above 600 ℃ below the melting point of sodium chloride in reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 202
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous potassium chloride solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution. Then adding 2L of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ below the melting point of potassium chloride in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ below the melting point of potassium chloride in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing for 2-3 times by deionized water, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 203
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous sodium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution. Then adding 2L of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ below the melting point of sodium carbonate in air, calcining at above 600 ℃ below the melting point of sodium carbonate in reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 204
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous potassium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate and 0.5mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring and dissolution. Then adding 2L of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ below the melting point of potassium carbonate in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ below the melting point of potassium carbonate in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing for 2-3 times by deionized water, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 205
1 Liter of a 1M aqueous potassium carbonate solution was prepared, and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate was added thereto, followed by stirring for dissolution. Then adding 2L of dimethyl sulfoxide to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ below the melting point of potassium carbonate in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ below the melting point of potassium carbonate in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing for 2-3 times with deionized water, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
Example 206
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.1mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring for dissolution. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
EXAMPLE 207
1 Liter of a 0.5M aqueous potassium sulfate solution was prepared, and 0.1mol of nickel nitrate and 0.01mol of polyacrylic acid were added thereto, followed by stirring for dissolution. Then adding 1 liter of ethanol to generate precipitate, drying, calcining at above 300 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the air, calcining at above 600 ℃ and below the melting point of potassium sulfate salt in the reducing atmosphere, cooling, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
If the aqueous solution of the nickel complex does not contain the water-soluble salt described in the above examples, the stability is high and no precipitation occurs by adding an organic solvent. However, when the water-soluble salt is dissolved in the nickel complex aqueous solution, the dissolution property of the nickel complex can be obviously changed, and the nickel complex can be co-precipitated along with the water-soluble salt and dispersed and isolated by the water-soluble salt, which is one of the key factors for effectively preparing the high-dispersion nano nickel powder.
The above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, it being noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several modifications and equivalents can be made without departing from the principles of the invention, and such modifications and equivalents fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. The preparation method of the yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Dissolving zirconium salt, yttrium salt, water-soluble salt and complexing agent in water to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the molar ratio of the yttrium salt to the zirconium salt is 0.03-0.15:1; the mol ratio of the complexing agent to the zirconium salt is 0.1-1:1;
(2) Adding an organic solvent into the mixed solution to obtain a coprecipitate of water-soluble salt and yttrium-zirconium complex, wherein yttrium-zirconium complex nano particles are dispersed and isolated by the water-soluble salt;
(3) Drying the coprecipitate, and calcining the coprecipitate below the melting point of a water-soluble salt above the decomposition temperature of the yttrium-zirconium complex to convert the yttrium-zirconium complex into yttrium-doped zirconia, wherein the barium water-soluble salt of the yttrium-doped zirconia nano particles is dispersed and isolated;
(4) Washing and drying the calcined product by deionized water to obtain high-dispersion yttrium-doped zirconia nano-particles;
The complexing agent is any one of polyacrylic acid, ammonium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate, sodium polyacrylate, citric acid, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid sodium, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid potassium, tartaric acid, potassium tartrate, sodium tartrate, gluconic acid, sodium gluconate, potassium gluconate, glucoheptonic acid, sodium glucoheptonate and potassium glucoheptonate;
The organic solvent is any one of ethanol, propanol, tertiary butanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide.
2. The method for preparing yttrium-doped zirconia nanoparticles according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble salt is any one of potassium sulfate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium carbonate, and potassium carbonate.
3. The method for preparing yttrium-doped zirconia nanoparticles according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the water-soluble salt to the zirconium salt is not less than 1.
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