CN115229167A - Solidification equipment and method for preparing high-temperature alloy by applying bidirectional ultrasonic vibration - Google Patents
Solidification equipment and method for preparing high-temperature alloy by applying bidirectional ultrasonic vibration Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/08—Shaking, vibrating, or turning of moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Abstract
A solidification device and a method for preparing high-temperature alloy by applying bidirectional ultrasonic vibration relate to a solidification device and a method. The invention aims to solve the problem of poor alloy performance in the existing mode of applying ultrasonic waves in a single direction for casting. A supporting plate (19) is horizontally arranged in the middle of a furnace body (1), a formwork (34) is vertically arranged on the supporting plate (19), a round hole is formed in the middle of the supporting plate (19), an alloy ingot (24) is arranged in the formwork (34), a mullite fiber layer (23) and a protective die sleeve (22) are sequentially sleeved on the formwork (34) from inside to outside, and a secondary induction coil assembly is sleeved on the protective die sleeve (22) to heat and melt the alloy ingot (24); the two groups of ultrasonic components (A) are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the furnace body (1) in a lifting mode, and the ultrasonic sides of the two groups of ultrasonic components (A) respectively and simultaneously apply ultrasonic waves to the upper end and the lower end of the alloy ingot (24) to regulate and control the alloy structure. The method is used for preparing the high-temperature alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to solidification equipment and a method for high-temperature alloy, in particular to solidification equipment and a method for preparing high-temperature alloy by applying bidirectional ultrasonic vibration. Belongs to the field of metal precision casting.
Background
The development of aeronautical technology requires that the engine has a higher thrust-weight ratio, i.e. the turbine blade material can bear higher temperature and has more excellent mechanical and corrosion resistance. Because the ultra-high temperature alloys such as Nb-Si base, ti-Al base and the like have the characteristics of high melting point, low density, better high temperature performance and the like, the ultra-high temperature alloys are expected to become important research objects of engine materials in aerospace technology and have huge application prospects and potentials. However, for the Nb-Si based superalloy, its poor oxidation resistance and room temperature fracture toughness limit the applications of these alloys in the aerospace field. At present, the research is mature, and the oxidation resistance and the room temperature toughness of the high-temperature alloy are improved by an alloying mode. However, if a large amount of alloying elements is added, there are problems such as coarse structure and serious segregation. And is not easy to control, which greatly impairs the properties of the alloy. The ultrasonic treatment technology as an efficient, economical and environment-friendly solidification control technology can greatly improve the harm.
Research shows that the solidification process of the alloy can be effectively changed, the alloy structure is improved, crystal grains are refined, the crystal grain form is improved, and the purpose of greatly improving the alloy performance is realized by applying ultrasonic waves from the bottom or from the upper part in a single direction, but the ultrasonic waves can be used for regulating and controlling the alloy structure, the sound flow effect and the cavitation effect of the ultrasonic waves are weakened along with the attenuation of the ultrasonic waves, a boundary line can be obviously seen in the cut section structure of the ingot, and particularly for cylindrical castings, the region acted by the ultrasonic waves is not complete.
In summary, the conventional method of melt-casting by applying ultrasonic waves from the bottom or from the upper in a single direction has the problems that the action area is not complete, the mechanical properties of the alloy are greatly different at different positions, and the alloy properties are poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the prior mode of applying ultrasonic wave to melt casting from the bottom or from the upper part in a single direction has incomplete action area, thereby causing poor alloy performance, and the overall mechanical performance of an alloy cast ingot cannot be accurately expressed. Further provides solidification equipment and a method for preparing the high-temperature alloy by applying bidirectional ultrasonic vibration.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a solidification device for preparing high-temperature alloy by applying bidirectional ultrasonic vibration comprises a furnace body, two groups of ultrasonic components, a supporting plate, a mould shell, a mullite fiber layer, a protective mould sleeve and a secondary induction coil component; the supporting plate is horizontally arranged in the middle of the furnace body, the formwork is vertically arranged on the supporting plate, a round hole is formed in the middle of the supporting plate, the alloy ingot is arranged in the formwork, the mullite fiber layer and the protective formwork sleeve are sequentially sleeved on the formwork from inside to outside, and the secondary induction coil assembly is sleeved on the protective formwork sleeve to heat and melt the alloy ingot; the two groups of ultrasonic components are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the furnace body in a lifting mode, and the ultrasonic sides of the two groups of ultrasonic components respectively and simultaneously apply ultrasonic waves to the upper end and the lower end of the alloy ingot to regulate and control the alloy structure.
Further, every supersound subassembly all includes the pull device, the pull telescopic link, seal ring, supersound device and linear bearing, and the pull telescopic link passes through seal ring and the sealed cartridge that rotates of linear bearing in the furnace body, and the pull device is located the end connection in the furnace body outside with the pull telescopic link to it is flexible in the furnace body to drive the pull telescopic link, and the supersound device is located the inboard end connection of furnace body with the pull telescopic link, is used for carrying out ultrasonic wave alloy tissue regulation and control to the alloy ingot casting.
Furthermore, the ultrasonic assembly further comprises a lead and a wiring terminal, the wiring terminal is installed on the furnace body, one end of the lead is connected with the wiring terminal, and the other end of the lead is connected with the ultrasonic device.
Further, second grade induction coil subassembly includes the induction coil power, one-level induction coil, second grade induction coil, first pipe connecting plate, the second pipe connecting plate, inlet tube and outlet pipe, one-level induction coil suit is in the outside of protection die sleeve, second grade induction coil suit is at the outside middle part of one-level induction coil, the induction coil power passes through the wire and is connected with one-level induction coil and second grade induction coil respectively, inlet tube and outlet pipe pass first pipe connecting plate and second respectively and take over behind the pipe plate and be connected with one-level induction coil and second grade induction coil, realize the cooling to one-level induction coil and second grade induction coil, wherein one-level induction coil and second grade induction coil's current direction is opposite.
Furthermore, the furnace body also comprises a plurality of support rods, and the plurality of support rods are arranged on the lower end surface of the furnace body.
Furthermore, the furnace body also comprises a plurality of connecting rods and a plurality of nuts, the supporting plate is horizontally arranged in the furnace body through the connecting rods, the upper end of each connecting rod is connected with the supporting plate through the nuts, and the lower end of each connecting rod is arranged on the furnace body through the nuts.
Furthermore, the furnace also comprises an air interface, an argon interface, a pressure gauge seat and a pressure gauge, wherein the air interface and the argon interface are arranged on the side end face of the lower part of the furnace body and are communicated with the inside of the furnace body, and the pressure gauge is arranged on the upper end face of the furnace body through the pressure gauge seat and is used for detecting the pressure in the furnace body.
Furthermore, the furnace body also comprises an upper observation window, an upper observation window gland, a lower observation window and a lower observation window gland, wherein the upper observation window is obliquely arranged on the upper end surface of the furnace body, the upper observation window gland is covered on the upper observation window, the lower observation window is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body, and the lower observation window gland is covered on the lower observation window.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the high-temperature alloy by adopting solidification equipment for preparing the high-temperature alloy by applying bidirectional ultrasonic vibration, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, cutting a round bar type alloy ingot from an alloy mother ingot, putting the alloy ingot into a mould shell, sealing an upper cover, and filling a mullite fiber layer between a protective mould sleeve and the mould shell;
step two: adjusting the preparation environment of the furnace body:
step two, firstly: closing a furnace cover of the furnace body, opening a circulating water cooling device, and observing whether water seepage exists in the furnace body;
step two: vacuumizing to-0.1 MPa, and molecular pump vacuumizing to make the pressure in furnace reach 3X 10 -3 -6×10 -1 Closing the air interface, opening the argon interface, and introducing argon into the furnace body, wherein the pressure of the introduced argon is 0.075MPa;
step three: applying ultrasonic waves to the upper end and the lower end of the alloy ingot to regulate and control the alloy structure;
step three, firstly: closing an external power switch and a power switch of a control panel, and adjusting the distance between the upper ultrasonic device and the alloy ingot casting by using a drawing device through the upper observation window and the lower observation window;
step three: applying a tool tip of an ultrasonic device to the mold shell;
step three: after the tool head is adjusted to the formwork, the power of the ultrasonic vibration system is adjusted through the ultrasonic control cabinet, and the adjustable range of the vibration power of ultrasonic waves is 1500-2000W;
step three and four: heating the alloy ingot casting through a secondary induction coil assembly;
the primary induction coil is electrified and heated through the control panel, the adjustable range of the heating time is 4-8min, the adjustable range of the heating power is 20-50kW, the adjustable range of the heat preservation time is 3-5min, and the heat preservation power is 5-15kW,
the heating power of the secondary induction coil is adjustable within the range of 0-4kW, the secondary induction coil is continuously adjustable, a starting button is pressed down, the whole equipment is started, the alloy ingot is heated and smelted, and when 30s remain after leaving the induction heating time, the starting button of the ultrasonic device is pressed down, so that the ultrasonic action is exerted when the alloy ingot is in an overheated state;
step four: after heat preservation or heating is finished, the upper ultrasonic device and the lower ultrasonic device are pulled out of the formwork through the pulling device, so that the ultrasonic devices are prevented from being damaged by high temperature;
step five: and observing the state of the high-temperature alloy in the furnace body after solidification through the upper observation window and the lower observation window, opening the furnace cover after the cooling solidification process is finished, and taking out the high-temperature alloy to form an ingot, thus finishing the casting of the high-temperature alloy.
Further, the alloy composition of the alloy ingot is Nb-16Si-20Zr-4 Cr.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects:
1. the invention applies ultrasonic vibration in the process of melting and solidifying the high-temperature alloy, and realizes the remelting and thinning effects of crystal grains in the process of solidifying the alloy through ultrasonic acoustic flow and cavitation effect. Therefore, the problems of large grain size, serious segregation and the like which are easily caused after alloying elements are added into the high-temperature alloy are solved, and the mechanical property of the high-temperature alloy is greatly enhanced.
2. According to the invention, the bidirectional ultrasonic vibration effect is simultaneously used for melting and solidifying the high-temperature alloy, and the ultrasonic effect is simultaneously applied to the upper part and the lower part of the cylindrical sample, so that all areas of the alloy ingot are subjected to the ultrasonic effect in the melting and solidifying process, the structure of the adjusted alloy ingot is more uniform, and meanwhile, when two rows of ultrasonic waves are shot oppositely, the interference effect is generated, the ultrasonic waves with the same phase are mutually enhanced at the interference position, so that the cavitation effect is enhanced at the interference position, and the ultrasonic wave has more excellent regulation and control performance on the alloy ingot structure and better performance. Because the ultrasonic mechanical effect and the cavitation effect are enhanced, the amplitude of the periodical compression and stretching of medium particles is increased, huge shearing force can be generated among the medium particles, the medium is damaged, and at the moment of collapse, cavitation bubbles can generate more hot points in surrounding tiny space to form a high-temperature high-pressure area, and stronger shock waves and jet flows are accompanied to damage the medium.
3. The invention uses high-frequency induction heating to replace electric arc heating, can preserve heat of the metal alloy cast ingot, regulate and control the cooling speed, and can realize the heat treatment function of the high-temperature alloy cast ingot.
4. The yttrium oxide mould shell is used for replacing a water-cooled copper crucible, so that ultrasonic waves can directly act on the ceramic mould shell without penetrating through the copper crucible and cooling water, the attenuation of the ultrasonic waves is reduced, and the phenomenon that oxygen in water enters into the alloy to cause the oxidation of the alloy due to poor sealing property of the water-cooled copper crucible is avoided.
5. The invention adopts two-stage induction coils, the two-stage induction coil is arranged outside the middle of the first-stage induction coil, and the current is opposite to that of the first-stage induction coil, and the main purpose is that if one induction coil causes the magnetic field at the central part of the coil to be too strong, the temperature of the alloy center is the highest, the fluidity is the best, and the magnetic field can seep into an yttrium oxide film shell to pollute the alloy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged view of the high temperature alloy ingot, the yttrium oxide mold shell, the protective sleeve, the primary electromagnetic induction coil, and the secondary electromagnetic induction coil.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the ultrasonic wave generating apparatus.
FIG. 4 (a) is a scanning electron microscope photograph taken of an NbSi superalloy melted by a heating solidification apparatus to which ultrasonic vibration is not applied to show the microstructure of the alloy.
FIG. 4 (b) is a scanning electron microscope photograph taken of an NbSi superalloy melted by an induction heating solidification apparatus to which bidirectional ultrasonic vibration is applied to show the microstructure of the alloy.
FIG. 5 is a comparison of room temperature compression performance of NbSi superalloys without the use of an ultrasonic vibration device and with the use of a device for applying bidirectional ultrasonic solidification (ultrasonic vibration application time 120 s).
FIG. 6 is a comparison of room temperature fracture toughness of NbSi superalloys without the use of an ultrasonic vibration device and with the use of a bidirectional ultrasonic solidification device (applied ultrasonic vibration time 120 s).
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and the solidification equipment for preparing the high-temperature alloy by applying the bidirectional ultrasonic vibration of the embodiment comprises a furnace body 1, two groups of ultrasonic components a, a supporting plate 19, a formwork 34, a mullite fiber layer 23, a protective die sleeve 22 and a secondary induction coil component; the supporting plate 19 is horizontally arranged in the middle of the furnace body 1, the formwork 34 is vertically arranged on the supporting plate 19, a round hole is formed in the middle of the supporting plate 19, the alloy ingot 24 is arranged in the formwork 34, the mullite fiber layer 23 and the protective die sleeve 22 are sequentially sleeved on the formwork 34 from inside to outside, and the secondary induction coil assembly is sleeved on the protective die sleeve 22 to heat and melt the alloy ingot 24; the two groups of ultrasonic components A are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the furnace body 1 in a lifting way, and the ultrasonic sides of the two groups of ultrasonic components A respectively and simultaneously apply ultrasonic waves to the upper end and the lower end of the alloy cast ingot 24 to regulate and control the alloy structure.
The furnace body shell of the embodiment is provided with the pressure gauge which is connected with the inside of the furnace body through the pressure gauge seat, the two ultrasonic transmitting devices penetrate into the inside of the furnace body from the upper part and the lower part respectively and aim at the center of the high-temperature alloy cast ingot from the upper part and the lower part, and the furnace body is provided with an upper observation window and a lower observation window for observing and observing the distance between the ultrasonic tool head and the cast ingot. An air valve and an argon valve are arranged outside the furnace body, and a vacuum-pumping system is arranged behind the furnace body. Four supporting frames are welded at the positions of four corners at the bottom of the furnace body and used for supporting the furnace body.
The upper ultrasonic vibration device and the lower ultrasonic vibration device are inserted into the furnace body from the upper side and the lower side respectively through a sealing rubber ring and a linear bearing and are aligned to the central position of the columnar high-temperature alloy so as to apply ultrasonic waves from two positions right above and below in the melting and solidifying process of the alloy. The ultrasonic vibration device can control the distance between the working head and the yttrium oxide ceramic membrane shell through an upper drawing device and a lower drawing device.
The second embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, each ultrasonic assembly a of the embodiment includes a drawing device 4, a drawing telescopic rod 5, a sealing gasket 6, an ultrasonic device 13 and a linear bearing 14, the drawing telescopic rod 5 is inserted into the furnace body 1 through the sealing gasket 6 and the linear bearing 14 in a sealed rotating manner, the drawing device 4 and the drawing telescopic rod 5 are connected to the end portion outside the furnace body 1 and drive the drawing telescopic rod 5 to stretch in the furnace body 1, and the ultrasonic device 13 and the drawing telescopic rod 5 are connected to the end portion inside the furnace body 1 and used for performing ultrasonic alloy organization regulation and control on an alloy ingot 24.
By such arrangement, the lifting position of the ultrasonic device 13 can be flexibly adjusted, and the alloy tissue can be accurately regulated and controlled. Other components and connections are the same as in the first embodiment.
Referring to fig. 3, the ultrasonic apparatus 13 of the present embodiment includes a drawing frame 34, a transducer 30, a horn 31, and a tool head 32, wherein electric wires in the transducer in up and down ultrasonic vibrations are connected to terminals, a cooling water passage 33 is present inside the horn 31, the transducer 30 is mounted at the upper end of the horn 31, the drawing frame 34 is mounted on the transducer 30, the tool head 32 is mounted at the lower end of the horn 31, and the ultrasonic generated by the transducer 30 acts on the alloy ingot 24 through the tool head 32.
The frequency of the ultrasonic device of the embodiment is fixed and is not changed into 20kHz, the output power is 8kW, the relative humidity of the working environment is less than or equal to 85 percent, the ultrasonic transducer is of a piezoelectric ceramic type, and the output amplitude is 6-10 mu m. The ultrasonic amplitude transformer is made of aluminum alloy, and the ultrasonic tool head is made of T8 steel in consideration of the environment with overhigh temperature when the high-temperature alloy is melted.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, the ultrasound assembly a of the present embodiment further includes a lead and a terminal 20, the terminal 20 is mounted on the furnace body 1, one end of the lead is connected to the terminal 20, and the other end of the lead is connected to the ultrasound device 13. So arranged, it is convenient to provide power for the ultrasound device. Other compositions and connections are the same as in the first or second embodiments.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 and fig. 3, the secondary induction coil assembly of the present embodiment includes an induction coil power supply 9, a primary induction coil 21, a secondary induction coil 25, a first pipe connecting plate 29, a second pipe connecting plate 28, a water inlet pipe 27 and a water outlet pipe 26, the primary induction coil 21 is sleeved on the outer side of the protective die sleeve 22, the secondary induction coil 25 is sleeved on the middle portion of the outer side of the primary induction coil 21, the induction coil power supply 9 is connected with the primary induction coil 21 and the secondary induction coil 25 through wires, the water inlet pipe 27 and the water outlet pipe 26 are connected with the primary induction coil 21 and the secondary induction coil 25 after passing through the first pipe connecting plate 29 and the second pipe connecting plate 28, so as to cool the primary induction coil 21 and the secondary induction coil 25, wherein the current directions of the primary induction coil 21 and the secondary induction coil 25 are opposite. So set up, because current one-level induction coil leads to the middle part position temperature of ingot casting to compare in the ingot casting about both ends the temperature will be high, can cause to the ingot casting heating stable inhomogeneous, and then lead to the alloy structure of ingot casting inhomogeneous, especially the alloy is at the cooling process, the upper and lower both ends of ingot casting cool off earlier, middle part aftercooling. The primary induction coil and the secondary induction coil of the embodiment have opposite currents, and the secondary induction coil is sleeved at the middle part of the primary induction coil, so that the temperature of the middle part of the primary induction coil is reduced, the temperature of the whole cast ingot is uniform, and the alloy casting quality is ensured. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as in the first, second or third embodiment.
Different ceramic die shell materials are adopted for different high-temperature alloys, and mullite micro protective sleeves are distributed around an yttrium oxide die shell. A7-pound purple copper coil is arranged 3cm around the protective sleeve to serve as a primary electromagnetic induction coil, a 3-pound purple copper coil is arranged 1.5cm outside the primary electromagnetic induction coil to serve as a secondary electromagnetic induction coil, and a cooling water tank is arranged inside the coil and is connected with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe. The high-frequency induction coil is connected with a high-frequency induction coil power supply.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, and the present embodiment further includes a plurality of support rods 12, and the plurality of support rods 12 are attached to the lower end surface of the furnace body 1. So set up, be convenient for provide sufficient space for the lift of the supersound subassembly A of furnace body lower part. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those in the first, second, third, or fourth embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, and further includes a plurality of connecting rods 16 and a plurality of nuts 15, wherein the supporting plate 19 is horizontally installed in the furnace body 1 through the plurality of connecting rods 16, the upper end of each connecting rod 16 is connected with the supporting plate 19 through the plurality of nuts 15, and the lower end of each connecting rod 16 is installed on the furnace body 1 through the plurality of nuts 15. So set up, there is a fire-resistant backup pad below protective sheath and high frequency induction coil for support yttrium oxide mould shell and one-level, second grade high frequency induction coil, the backup pad is vertical all around to be fixed with 4 connecting rods through the nut, 4 connecting rods run through furnace body shell below, and fix the bracing piece through the nut. A hole is arranged in the middle of the supporting plate and is directly opposite to the lower ultrasonic transmitting device. Other compositions and connection relations are the same as those of the first embodiment, the second embodiment, the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment or the fifth embodiment.
The seventh embodiment: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, and further includes an air connection port 16, an argon connection port 17, a pressure gauge base 2, and a pressure gauge 3, the air connection port 16 and the argon connection port 17 are mounted on a lower side end surface of the furnace body 1 and communicate with the inside of the furnace body 1, and the pressure gauge 3 is mounted on an upper end surface of the furnace body 1 through the pressure gauge base 2 and detects the pressure in the furnace body 1. So set up, be convenient for to letting in air and argon gas in the furnace body, satisfy the alloy founding. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth or sixth embodiment.
The specific implementation mode eight: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, and further includes an upper observation window 7, an upper observation window cover 8, a lower observation window 10, and a lower observation window cover 11, wherein the upper observation window 7 is obliquely installed on the upper end surface of the furnace body 1, the upper observation window cover 8 is covered on the upper observation window 7, the lower observation window 10 is installed on the side wall of the furnace body 1, and the lower observation window cover 11 is covered on the lower observation window 10. So set up, be convenient for observe the alloy founding process at any time. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of embodiment one, two, three, four, five, six or seven.
The specific implementation method nine: referring to fig. 1 to 3, the method for preparing a superalloy of the present embodiment will be described, which includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, cutting a round bar-shaped alloy ingot 24 from an alloy mother ingot, putting the alloy ingot into a mould shell 34, sealing an upper cover, and filling a mullite fiber layer 23 between a protective mould sleeve 22 and the mould shell 34;
step two: adjusting the preparation environment of the furnace body 1:
step two, firstly: closing the furnace cover of the furnace body 1, opening the circulating water cooling device, and observing whether water seepage exists in the furnace body 1;
step two: drawerVacuum to-0.1 Mpa, and vacuum pumping with molecular pump to make the pressure in furnace reach 3 × 10 -3 -6×10 -1 When the furnace is started, the air interface 16 is closed, the argon interface 17 is opened, and argon is introduced into the furnace body 1, wherein the pressure of the introduced argon is 0.075MPa;
step three: ultrasonic waves are applied to the upper end and the lower end of the alloy ingot 24 to regulate and control the alloy structure;
step three, firstly: closing an external power switch and a power switch of a control panel, and adjusting the distance between an upper ultrasonic device 13 and a lower ultrasonic device 13 and a gold ingot 24 by using a drawing device 4 through an upper observation window 7 and a lower observation window 10;
step two: applying the tool head 32 of the ultrasonic device 13 to the formwork 34;
step three: after the tool head 32 is adjusted to the formwork 34, the power of the ultrasonic vibration system is adjusted through the ultrasonic control cabinet, and the adjustable range of the vibration power of ultrasonic waves is 1500-2000W;
step three and four: heating the alloy ingot 24 by a secondary induction coil assembly;
the primary induction coil 21 is electrified and heated through a control panel, the adjustable range of the heating time is 4-8min, the adjustable range of the heating power is 20-50kW, the adjustable range of the heat preservation time is 3-5min, the heat preservation power is 5-15kW,
the heating power of the secondary induction coil 25 is adjustable within the range of 0-4kW, and is continuously adjustable, a start button is pressed down, the whole equipment is started, the alloy ingot 24 is heated and melted, and when 30s is left after leaving the induction heating time, the start button of the ultrasonic device 13 is pressed down, so that the effect of ultrasonic waves is exerted when the alloy ingot 24 is in an overheated state;
step four: after the heat preservation or heating is finished, the upper ultrasonic device 13 and the lower ultrasonic device 13 are pulled out of the formwork 34 through the pulling device 4, so that the ultrasonic devices 13 are prevented from being damaged by high temperature;
step five: and the state of the high-temperature alloy in the furnace body 1 after solidification is observed through the upper observation window 7 and the lower observation window 10, the furnace cover is opened after the cooling solidification process is finished, and the high-temperature alloy is taken out to form a cast ingot, so that the casting of the high-temperature alloy is finished.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 1, in which the alloy composition of the alloy ingot 24 of the present embodiment is Nb-16Si-20Zr-4 Cr. Other components and connection relationships are the same as those in the ninth embodiment.
The furnace body shell of the embodiment is provided with the pressure gauge which is connected with the inside of the furnace body through the pressure gauge seat so as to display the air pressure inside the furnace body, the two ultrasonic transmitting devices penetrate into the inside of the furnace body from the upper part and the lower part respectively and aim at the center of a high-temperature alloy cast ingot from the upper part and the lower part, and the furnace body is provided with an upper observation window and a lower observation window for observing the distance between the ultrasonic tool head and the cast ingot. An air valve and an argon valve are arranged outside the furnace body, and a vacuum pumping system is arranged behind the furnace body. Four supporting frames are welded at the positions of four corners at the bottom of the furnace body and used for supporting the furnace body. The induction coil is externally connected with an induction coil power supply 9.
In the embodiment, the adjustable range of the vibration power of ultrasonic waves is 1500-2000W, the primary induction coil 21 is electrified and heated through the control panel, the adjustable range of the heating time is 4-8min, the adjustable range of the heating power is 20-50kW, the adjustable range of the heat preservation time is 3-5min, the heat preservation power is 5-15kW, the adjustable range of the secondary coil is 0-4kW, the secondary induction coil and the secondary induction coil are continuously adjustable, a start button is pressed down, the whole device is started, the alloy is heated and melted, and when 30s is left after leaving the induction heating time, the start button of the ultrasonic wave generating device is pressed down, and the ultrasonic wave effect is exerted when the alloy is in an overheated state.
In the embodiment, the high-temperature alloy ingot and the formwork mainly comprise an yttrium oxide formwork 34, a seven-pound red copper high-frequency electromagnetic induction coil 21, a protective formwork 22, mullite fiber 23, an alloy ingot 24, a supporting plate 19, a water inlet connecting plate 25, a water outlet connecting plate 33, a high-frequency induction coil water inlet pipe 27 and a high-frequency induction coil water outlet pipe 26. An alloy ingot is sleeved by an yttrium oxide mould shell, the yttrium oxide mould shell is placed in a protective mould sleeve, mullite fibers are filled around the yttrium oxide mould shell and the protective mould sleeve, a seven-pound red copper coil is arranged at a position 3cm around the protective sleeve, a three-pound secondary induction coil is arranged outside a primary high-frequency induction coil, the current introduced during electrifying is opposite to the current of the primary induction coil, the three-pound secondary induction coil is connected with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe and is respectively inserted into a water inlet connecting plate and a water outlet connecting plate, a refractory material supporting plate mainly plays a role in supporting the alloy, the protective sleeve and the like, a water cooling device below the support plate also prevents high temperature from damaging the support plate, and the induction coil is connected with an induction coil power supply through a wire.
The upper drawing telescopic rod 5 and the lower drawing telescopic rod 5 are inserted into the furnace body through the sealing coil 6 and the linear bearing 14, and can freely extend and retract through the drawing device. Four support rods 16 are fixed around the support plate 19 and used for supporting the alloy ingot and the protective sleeve, and the four support rods penetrate through the support plate and the furnace body and are fixed through nuts 15.
Referring to fig. 3, the drawing frame 34 is fixed on the transducer 30 through screws, the transducer is of a piezoelectric ceramic type, the amplitude transformer is connected below the transducer and is responsible for amplifying amplitude, the amplitude transformer is made of aluminum alloy, in order to prevent the amplitude transformer from being damaged by high temperature, a water inlet and outlet channel 33 is arranged inside the amplitude transformer to cool the amplitude transformer, the lower end of the amplitude transformer is connected with a tool head, and the tool head is made of T8 steel in consideration of high working environment temperature of the tool head.
The high-frequency electromagnetic induction coil and the supporting plate shell are made of red copper T2.
The solidification device improves the microstructure and the performance of the alloy through the sound flow and the cavitation of ultrasonic waves by the ultrasonic vibration device, and improves the high-temperature mechanical properties of the alloy such as room-temperature fracture toughness and room-temperature compression performance.
According to the invention, the bidirectional ultrasonic vibration is simultaneously applied to the molten high-temperature alloy, and the ultrasonic action is simultaneously applied to the upper part and the lower part of the cylindrical sample, so that all areas of the alloy ingot are subjected to the ultrasonic action in the melting and solidifying process, the structure of the adjusted alloy ingot is more uniform, and meanwhile, when two rows of ultrasonic waves are in opposite incidence, the interference action is generated, the ultrasonic waves in the same phase are mutually reinforced at the interference position, so that the cavitation effect is reinforced at the interference position, and the ultrasonic wave has more excellent regulation and control performance on the structure of the alloy ingot and better performance.
The invention can realize the heat preservation function of the metal alloy cast ingot by using the high-frequency induction heating to replace the electric arc heating, regulate and control the cooling speed and realize the heat treatment function of the high-temperature alloy cast ingot. The coil is used for induction heating, so that the energy consumption is low, and the environment is protected.
According to the invention, the yttrium oxide mould shell is used for replacing the water-cooled copper crucible, so that ultrasonic waves can directly act on the yttrium oxide mould shell, the copper crucible and cooling water are not required to be penetrated, the attenuation of the ultrasonic waves is reduced, and the power conversion efficiency of the ultrasonic waves is improved.
The dielectric material of the present invention is selected to be an yttria form shell material that can withstand high temperatures and is relatively inert to intermetallic chemistry.
According to the embodiment, the ultrasonic waves acting at different powers, different times and different distances are applied in the melting and solidifying processes of the alloy, so that the regulation and control of the alloy microstructure under the action of the bidirectional ultrasonic waves can be conveniently researched.
The alloy system of the present embodiment encompasses all superalloys, with the specific example given in the examples being an Nb-16Si-20Zr-4Cr superalloy as the alloy constituent.
The effect of the invention of this embodiment, which is described with reference to fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b), is demonstrated by the microstructure of the Nb-16Si-20Zr-4Cr superalloy produced without using ultrasonic vibration, which is characterized by coarse grains, non-uniform size, and excessively coarse primary phase Nbss, which is detrimental to the mechanical properties of the alloy. When the structure of the high-temperature alloy prepared by utilizing the bidirectional ultrasonic vibration is small, crystal grains are distributed uniformly, eutectic structures are more, and the mechanical property of the alloy is more excellent.
As will be described by referring to fig. 5 and 6, the cavitation of the ultrasonic wave is enhanced by the action of the bidirectional ultrasonic wave, and the crystal grains are distributed more uniformly and finely under the control of the ultrasonic wave, so as to achieve the effect of fine grain strengthening, improve the room temperature compressibility and improve the performance by about 52%. And the room temperature fracture toughness is improved, and the performance is improved by about 69 percent.
Although the invention has been described with respect to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes, omissions and deviations in the form and detail thereof may be made without departing from the scope of this invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a solidification equipment of two-way ultrasonic vibration preparation superalloy which characterized in that: the ultrasonic furnace comprises a furnace body (1), two groups of ultrasonic components (A), a supporting plate (19), a formwork (34), a mullite fiber layer (23), a protective die sleeve (22) and a secondary induction coil component;
the supporting plate (19) is horizontally arranged in the middle of the furnace body (1), the formwork (34) is vertically arranged on the supporting plate (19), a round hole is formed in the middle of the supporting plate (19), the alloy ingot (24) is arranged in the formwork (34), the mullite fiber layer (23) and the protective die sleeve (22) are sequentially sleeved on the formwork (34) from inside to outside, and the secondary induction coil assembly is sleeved on the protective die sleeve (22) to heat and melt the alloy ingot (24); the two groups of ultrasonic components (A) are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the furnace body (1) in a lifting mode, and the ultrasonic sides of the two groups of ultrasonic components (A) respectively and simultaneously apply ultrasonic waves to the upper end and the lower end of the alloy ingot (24) to regulate and control the alloy structure.
2. The solidification equipment for preparing superalloy by applying bidirectional ultrasonic vibration according to claim 1, wherein: every supersound subassembly (A) all includes pull device (4), pull telescopic link (5), seal ring (6), supersound device (13) and linear bearing (14), sealed rotation cartridge is in furnace body (1) through seal ring (6) and linear bearing (14) in pull telescopic link (5), pull device (4) are located the end connection in furnace body (1) outside with pull telescopic link (5), and it is flexible in furnace body (1) to drive pull telescopic link (5), supersound device (13) are located the end connection of furnace body (1) inboard with pull telescopic link (5), be used for carrying out ultrasonic wave alloy tissue regulation and control to alloy ingot casting (24).
3. The solidification equipment for preparing superalloy by applying bidirectional ultrasonic vibration according to claim 2, wherein: the ultrasonic assembly (A) further comprises a lead and a binding post (20), the binding post (20) is installed on the furnace body (1), one end of the lead is connected with the binding post (20), and the other end of the lead is connected with the ultrasonic device (13).
4. The solidification equipment for producing a superalloy by applying bidirectional ultrasonic vibration according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein: the secondary induction coil assembly comprises an induction coil power supply (9), a primary induction coil (21), a secondary induction coil (25), a first tube connecting plate (29), a second tube connecting plate (28), a water inlet tube (27) and a water outlet tube (26), wherein the primary induction coil (21) is sleeved on the outer side of the protective die sleeve (22), the secondary induction coil (25) is sleeved on the middle part of the outer side of the primary induction coil (21), the induction coil power supply (9) is respectively connected with the primary induction coil (21) and the secondary induction coil (25) through wires, the water inlet tube (27) and the water outlet tube (26) are respectively connected with the primary induction coil (21) and the secondary induction coil (25) after passing through the first tube connecting plate (29) and the second tube connecting plate (28), cooling of the primary induction coil (21) and the secondary induction coil (25) is realized, and the current directions of the primary induction coil (21) and the secondary induction coil (25) are opposite.
5. The solidification equipment for preparing superalloy by applying bidirectional ultrasonic vibration according to claim 4, wherein: the furnace body is characterized by further comprising a plurality of supporting rods (12), wherein the supporting rods (12) are arranged on the lower end face of the furnace body (1).
6. The solidification equipment for producing superalloy by applying bidirectional ultrasonic vibration according to claim 1 or 5, wherein: the furnace body is characterized by further comprising a plurality of connecting rods (16) and a plurality of nuts (15), the supporting plate (19) is horizontally arranged in the furnace body (1) through the connecting rods (16), the upper end of each connecting rod (16) is connected with the supporting plate (19) through the nuts (15), and the lower end of each connecting rod (16) is arranged on the furnace body (1) through the nuts (15).
7. The solidification equipment for preparing superalloy by applying bidirectional ultrasonic vibration according to claim 6, wherein: the furnace body is characterized by further comprising an air interface (16), an argon interface (17), a pressure gauge seat (2) and a pressure gauge (3), wherein the air interface (16) and the argon interface (17) are installed on the side end face of the lower portion of the furnace body (1) and are communicated with the inside of the furnace body (1), and the pressure gauge (3) is installed on the upper end face of the furnace body (1) through the pressure gauge seat (2) and is used for detecting the pressure in the furnace body (1).
8. The solidification equipment for producing superalloy by applying bidirectional ultrasonic vibration according to claim 7, wherein: the furnace body is characterized by further comprising an upper observation window (7), an upper observation window gland (8), a lower observation window (10) and a lower observation window gland (11), wherein the upper observation window (7) is obliquely arranged on the upper end face of the furnace body (1), the upper observation window gland (8) is covered on the upper observation window (7), the lower observation window (10) is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body (1), and the lower observation window gland (11) is covered on the lower observation window (10).
9. A method for preparing a superalloy by using the solidification equipment for preparing a superalloy by applying bidirectional ultrasonic vibration according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, cutting a round bar-shaped alloy ingot (24) from an alloy mother ingot, putting the alloy ingot into a mould shell (34), sealing an upper cover, and filling a mullite fiber layer (23) between a protective mould sleeve (22) and the mould shell (34);
step two: adjusting the preparation environment of the furnace body (1):
step two is as follows: closing a furnace cover of the furnace body (1), opening a circulating water cooling device, and observing whether water seepage exists in the furnace body (1);
step two: vacuumizing to-0.1 MPa, and molecular pump vacuumizing to make the pressure in furnace reach 3X 10 -3 -6×10 -1 When the furnace is in use, the air interface (16) is closed, the argon interface (17) is opened, and argon is introduced into the furnace body (1), wherein the pressure of the introduced argon is 0.075MPa;
step three: applying ultrasonic waves to the upper end and the lower end of the alloy cast ingot (24) to regulate and control an alloy structure;
step three, firstly: closing an external power switch and a power switch of a control panel, and adjusting the distance between an upper ultrasonic device (13) and a lower ultrasonic device (13) and a clutch gold ingot (24) by using a drawing device (4) through an upper observation window (7) and a lower observation window (10);
step three: applying a tool head (32) of an ultrasonic device (13) to the mould shell (34);
step three: after the tool head (32) is adjusted to the mould shell (34), the power of the ultrasonic vibration system is adjusted through the ultrasonic control cabinet, and the adjustable range of the ultrasonic vibration power is 1500-2000W;
step three and four: heating the alloy ingot (24) by a secondary induction coil assembly;
the primary induction coil (21) is electrified and heated through a control panel, the adjustable range of the heating time is 4-8min, the adjustable range of the heating power is 20-50kW, the adjustable range of the heat preservation time is 3-5min, the heat preservation power is 5-15kW,
the heating power of the secondary induction coil (25) is adjustable within the range of 0-4kW, and is continuously adjustable, a start button is pressed down, the whole equipment is started, the alloy ingot (24) is heated and smelted, and when 30s is left after the induction heating time, the start button of the ultrasonic device (13) is pressed down, so that the effect of ultrasonic waves is exerted when the alloy ingot (24) is in an overheated state;
step four: after the heat preservation or heating is finished, the upper ultrasonic device (13) and the lower ultrasonic device (13) are pulled out of the mould shell (34) through the pulling device (4), so that the ultrasonic devices (13) are prevented from being damaged by high temperature;
step five: and the state of the high-temperature alloy in the furnace body (1) after solidification is observed through the upper observation window (7) and the lower observation window (10), the furnace cover is opened after the cooling solidification process is finished, and the high-temperature alloy is taken out to form a cast ingot, so that the casting of the high-temperature alloy is finished.
10. The method of making a superalloy as in claim 9, wherein: the alloy composition of the alloy ingot (24) is Nb-16Si-20Zr-4 Cr.
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