CN115229140A - Preparation method and device of composite steel ingot - Google Patents
Preparation method and device of composite steel ingot Download PDFInfo
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- CN115229140A CN115229140A CN202210825176.5A CN202210825176A CN115229140A CN 115229140 A CN115229140 A CN 115229140A CN 202210825176 A CN202210825176 A CN 202210825176A CN 115229140 A CN115229140 A CN 115229140A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 239
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 239
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 34
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/02—Casting compound ingots of two or more different metals in the molten state, i.e. integrally cast
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D31/00—Cutting-off surplus material, e.g. gates; Cleaning and working on castings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D9/00—Machines or plants for casting ingots
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method and a device of a composite steel ingot, wherein the preparation method of the composite steel ingot comprises the following steps: fixedly arranging the pretreated cold ingot core blank in an ingot mold, wherein the temperature of the cold ingot core blank is room temperature; smelting in a vacuum environment to obtain molten steel, casting the molten steel into the ingot mold, cooling and demolding to obtain a steel ingot; homogenizing the steel ingot, and cutting off a water gap and a riser of the steel ingot; reheating and preserving heat of the homogenized steel ingot, shaping and upsetting, and then returning to a furnace for heating and preserving heat; and performing multiple radial deformation on the shaped steel ingot by adopting the asymmetric arc-shaped anvil to obtain the composite steel ingot meeting the size requirement, wherein the asymmetric arc-shaped anvil comprises an upper auxiliary tool and a lower auxiliary tool, and the radian radius of the upper auxiliary tool is smaller than that of the lower auxiliary tool. The preparation method of the composite steel ingot provided by the invention can reduce the problems of oxidation, slag inclusion, cracks and the like in the process of compounding the large-scale forging and improve the interface compounding quality of the composite steel ingot.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material casting, in particular to a preparation method and a device of a composite steel ingot.
Background
In the prior art, in the casting process of a large composite steel ingot for manufacturing a large forging, multiple packs of refining molten steel are sequentially injected into an ingot mold in a vacuum chamber through a tundish, the defects of shrinkage cavity, shrinkage porosity, segregation and the like of the steel ingot can be caused to different degrees due to the difference of temperature, concentration, solidification sequence and the like, and the larger the steel ingot is, the more serious the defects are for single-pack casting, and the performance requirements of uniformity, compactness and the like of the large forging cannot be met. Meanwhile, the existing liquid-solid composite casting technology for the large composite steel ingot has the problems of improper design, so that the quality problems of a large amount of oxidation, slag inclusion, cracks and the like exist on an interface easily, the condition that the interface of the large composite steel ingot is not healed in a casting state can be caused, and the large composite steel ingot is difficult to remedy even through subsequent high-temperature heating forging. In addition, during the subsequent forging process, the interface is easy to be oxidized and cracked, and finally the problem of forging failure is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problem of how to reduce the quality problems of oxidation, slag inclusion, cracks and the like in the composite process of the composite steel ingot and improve the composite quality of the composite steel ingot.
In order to solve at least one of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a composite steel ingot, comprising the steps of:
step S1, fixedly arranging the pretreated cold ingot core blank in an ingot mold, wherein the temperature of the cold ingot core blank is room temperature;
s2, smelting in a vacuum environment to obtain molten steel, casting the molten steel into the ingot mold, cooling, and demolding to obtain a steel ingot;
s3, homogenizing the steel ingot, and cutting off a water gap and a riser of the steel ingot to obtain a homogenized steel ingot;
s4, reheating and preserving the homogenized steel ingot, shaping and upsetting, returning to a furnace, heating and preserving heat to obtain a shaped steel ingot;
and S5, performing multiple radial deformation on the shaped steel ingot by adopting an asymmetric arc-shaped anvil to obtain the composite steel ingot meeting the size requirement, wherein the asymmetric arc-shaped anvil comprises an upper auxiliary tool and a lower auxiliary tool, and the radian radius of the upper auxiliary tool is smaller than that of the lower auxiliary tool.
Preferably, in step S1, the bottom of the cold ingot core blank is connected to the bottom of the ingot mold through a first support member, and a second support member is horizontally disposed on a side surface of the cold ingot core blank, wherein the first support member and the second support member are made of the same material as the cold ingot core blank.
Preferably, the first supporting piece is vertically arranged, and the height of the first supporting piece is 1/6-1/5 of the height of the cold ingot core blank.
Preferably, in the step S2, the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is controlled to 10 -1 Below Torr, then filling protective gas to flush the vacuum chamber, and vacuumizing the vacuum chamber again to make the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber reach 10 - 1 And (4) smelting in the vacuum chamber to obtain the molten steel below Torr, casting the molten steel into the ingot mold, and demolding after cooling to obtain a steel ingot.
Preferably, in step S3, the steel ingot is kept warm for more than 24 hours at a temperature of more than 1230 ℃, the steel ingot is homogenized, and then a nozzle and a riser of the steel ingot are cut off to obtain a homogenized steel ingot.
Preferably, in the step S4, the reheating and holding the homogenized steel ingot includes: by the rate of temperature rise V 1 Heating the homogenized steel ingot to 650 ℃, keeping the temperature for more than or equal to 2 hours, and then adopting a heating speed V 2 Continuously heating to above 1230 ℃, and keeping the temperature for more than or equal to 2h(ii) a Wherein the temperature raising rate V 1 Greater than the temperature rise rate V 2 。
Preferably, in step S4, the performing the plastic upsetting includes: upsetting the homogenized steel ingot at a deformation speed of less than or equal to 10mm/s, wherein the deformation amount is 35-50%.
Preferably, in the step S5, different asymmetric arc-shaped anvils are selected to perform three times of radial deformation on the shaped steel ingot, wherein the deformation amount of the first time deformation is less than or equal to 10%, the deformation rate is 10mm/S, the deformation amounts of the second time deformation and the third time deformation are 20-30%, and the deformation rate is 30-60mm/S; and preserving heat of the shaped steel ingot between the first-pass deformation and the second-pass deformation and between the second-pass deformation and the third-pass deformation, and performing secondary upsetting after the second-pass deformation, wherein the deformation amount of the secondary upsetting is less than or equal to 35%, and the deformation speed is less than or equal to 10mm/s.
According to the invention, the cold ingot core blank with the room temperature is adopted for processing, the surface oxidation problem caused by heating treatment can be avoided, the oxidation degree of the cold ingot core blank and molten steel can be reduced through vacuum smelting and vacuum casting, the solid-liquid composite effect of the molten steel and the cold ingot core blank is enhanced, the homogenization treatment can improve the uniformity of the steel ingot, the micro segregation is reduced, the formation of an interface transition layer and the closure of a micro cavity are facilitated through element diffusion at the high temperature at the interface, the interface composite effect is increased, more defects are contained in a notch and a riser, the defects can be reduced after cutting, a composite blank containing the cold ingot core blank is obtained, the deformation amount of the steel ingot can be increased through upsetting, the deformation at the interface is facilitated, the oxides are diffused and decomposed in the subsequent process, an upper auxiliary tool with smaller radian radius in an asymmetric arc anvil can be attached to the steel ingot, rotary forging can be carried out under the condition of small deformation amount, the local surface tensile stress of the steel ingot can be reduced, the surface cracking probability of the steel ingot is reduced, and the core part of the steel ingot can be ensured to be deformed uniformly while the pressure stress and the deformation level of the core part of the steel ingot are increased, the interface composite effect is increased, and the shape of the steel ingot is kept at the interface; the preparation method of the composite steel ingot provided by the invention can reduce the problems of oxidation, slag inclusion, cracks and the like in the process of compounding the large-scale forging and improve the interface compounding quality of the composite steel ingot.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation device of the composite steel ingot, which comprises a vacuum chamber, a smelting furnace, an eccentric tundish and an ingot mold, wherein the smelting furnace, the eccentric tundish and the ingot mold are positioned in the vacuum chamber; wherein the vacuum chamber is used for providing a vacuum environment for the smelting furnace, the eccentric tundish and the ingot mould; the smelting furnace is used for smelting in a vacuum environment to obtain molten steel; the eccentric tundish is used for casting the molten steel into the ingot mould; the ingot mould is used for compounding the molten steel and the cold ingot core blank to form a steel ingot; the upsetting device is used for reshaping and upsetting the steel ingot to obtain a reshaped steel ingot; and the asymmetric arc-shaped anvil is used for radially deforming the shaped steel ingot to meet the size requirement to obtain the composite steel ingot.
Preferably, the preparation device of the composite steel ingot further comprises a heat-insulating riser, and the heat-insulating riser is positioned between the eccentric tundish and the ingot mold.
The invention provides a vacuum environment for a smelting furnace and an ingot mould through a vacuum chamber, so that the smelting and casting processes of molten steel are carried out in the vacuum environment, the oxidation condition is reduced, the interface composite quality is improved, the eccentric tundish can be used for preventing the molten steel from being directly cast on a cold ingot core blank, the molten steel can rapidly flow into the bottom of the ingot mould, the casting quality is improved, an upsetting device can destroy oxides at the interface and is beneficial to the diffusion and decomposition of the oxides, an asymmetric arc anvil can reduce the local surface tensile stress of the steel ingot, the surface cracking probability of the steel ingot is reduced, the uniform deformation of the interface can be ensured while the pressure stress and the deformation level of the core part of the steel ingot are increased, the interface composite effect is increased, and the position and the shape of the interface in the steel ingot are maintained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a composite steel ingot according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a device for manufacturing a composite steel ingot according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of an ingot mold and an eccentric tundish according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an asymmetric arc anvil according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a bottom view of a cold core blank according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a radial anatomical map of the composite ingot in the embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals:
1. a vacuum chamber; 2. an ingot mold; 3. an eccentric tundish; 31. a casting opening; 4. smelting a furnace; 5. an asymmetric arc anvil; 51. an upper auxiliary tool; 52. a lower auxiliary tool; 6. insulating a riser; 7. cooling the ingot core blank; 71. a first support member; 72. a second support member.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, specific embodiments thereof are described in detail below.
It should be noted that the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict. The terms "comprising," "including," "containing," and "having" are intended to be inclusive, i.e., that additional steps and other ingredients may be added without affecting the result. The above terms encompass the terms "consisting of (8230); 8230; composition" and "consisting essentially of (8230); 8230; composition". Materials, equipment and reagents are commercially available unless otherwise specified. Also, it is noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the above-described drawings are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a composite steel ingot, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
s1, fixedly arranging a pretreated cold ingot core blank 7 in an ingot mold, wherein the temperature of the cold ingot core blank 7 is room temperature;
s2, smelting in a vacuum environment to obtain molten steel, casting the molten steel into the ingot mold 2, cooling, and demolding to obtain a steel ingot;
s3, homogenizing the steel ingot, and cutting off a water gap and a riser of the steel ingot to obtain a homogenized steel ingot;
s4, reheating and preserving the homogenized steel ingot, shaping and upsetting, returning to a furnace, heating and preserving heat to obtain a shaped steel ingot;
and S5, performing multiple radial deformations on the shaped steel ingot by using an asymmetric arc-shaped anvil 5 to obtain a large steel ingot meeting the size requirement, wherein the asymmetric arc-shaped anvil 5 comprises an upper auxiliary tool 51 and a lower auxiliary tool 52, and the radian radius of the upper auxiliary tool 51 is smaller than that of the lower auxiliary tool 52.
In step S1, the bottom of the cold ingot core blank 7 is connected to the bottom of the ingot mold 2 through a first supporting member 71, and a second supporting member 72 is horizontally disposed on a side surface of the cold ingot core blank 7, wherein the first supporting member 71 and the second supporting member 72 are made of the same material as the cold ingot core blank 7. The first supporting piece 71 can support the cold ingot core blank 7 at the bottom of the ingot mold 2, so that the cast molten steel can form good mold filling at the bottom of the ingot mold 2, a plurality of second supporting pieces 72 are horizontally arranged on the side surface of the cold ingot core blank 7, so that the cold ingot core blank 7 can be prevented from inclining in the casting process, one end of each second supporting piece 72 is fixedly arranged on the side surface of the cold ingot core blank 7, and the other end of each second supporting piece 72 extends in the direction far away from the cold ingot core blank 7 and is not in contact with the inner wall of the ingot mold 2; the first supporting piece 71 and the second supporting piece 72 are made of the same material as the cold ingot core blank 7, so that impurities can be prevented from being introduced, and the quality of the steel ingot can be ensured. Illustratively, the first supporting member 71 and the second supporting member 72 are both metal supporting rods, the diameter of each metal supporting rod is small, the metal supporting rods play a supporting role and simultaneously avoid influencing the cold ingot core blank 7, and the material of each metal supporting rod is consistent with that of the cold ingot core blank 7.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3 and 5, the first supporting member 71 is vertically arranged, the height of the first supporting member 71 is 1/6-1/5 of the height of the cold ingot core blank 7, so that molten steel can form a good mold filling at the bottom of the ingot mold 2 in the molten steel casting process, the second supporting member 72 is located at a position 2/3 of the height of the cold ingot core blank 7 away from the bottom surface of the cold ingot core blank 7, and the plurality of second supporting members 72 are arranged on the side surface of the cold ingot core blank 7 in a centrosymmetric manner, so that a supporting effect is provided in the molten steel casting process, and the cold ingot core blank 7 is prevented from being inclined to affect the quality of an ingot after the first supporting member 71 is subjected to thermal deformation.
Maintaining the temperature of the cold core blank 7 at room temperature avoids the problem of surface oxidation caused by the heat treatment.
In order to reduce the impurity on the surface of the cold ingot core blank 7 and improve the composite effect of the cold ingot core blank 7 and the molten steel, the cold ingot core blank 7 needs to be pretreated before being fixedly arranged on an ingot mould, and the pretreatment comprises the following steps:
processing according to the specification to obtain a cold ingot core blank 7, performing surface processing by adopting a mechanical processing method to ensure that the surface smoothness of the cold ingot core blank 7 is less than or equal to 3.2 mu m, and then cleaning the surfaces of the cold ingot core blank 7, the first supporting piece 71 and the second supporting piece 72 by adopting an organic solvent (such as acetone, absolute ethyl alcohol and the like).
Wherein the shape of the cold ingot core blank 7 is cylindrical, and the weight of the cold ingot core blank 7 accounts for less than 20 percent of the weight of the steel ingot.
And S2, smelting in a vacuum environment to obtain molten steel, casting the molten steel into the ingot mold 2, cooling, and demolding to obtain a steel ingot. Smelting in a vacuum environment can avoid the obtained molten steel from generating an oxide layer, avoid the cold ingot core blank 7 from generating an oxide film on the surface before casting, reduce the degree of interface oxidation after casting compounding and improve the compounding quality of the molten steel and the cold ingot core blank 7.
Specifically, the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber 1 was controlled to 10 -1 Below Torr, then introducing protective gas to flush the vacuum chamber 1, and vacuumizing the vacuum chamber 1 again to make the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber 1 reach 10 -1 And smelting in the vacuum chamber 1 to obtain the molten steel below Torr, casting the molten steel into the ingot mold 2, cooling and demolding to obtain the steel ingot. The vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber 1 is controlled to 10 -1 Torr below, and then introducing a protective gas to flush the vacuum chamber 1Air in the vacuum chamber 1 can be sufficiently exhausted, and after the vacuum chamber 1 is vacuumized again, a good vacuum environment can be obtained, so that the influence of residual air in the vacuum chamber 1 on the vacuum smelting effect is avoided.
It is noted that in the context of the present invention, the term "interface" refers to the interface between the cold core blank and the molten steel.
And S3, homogenizing the steel ingot, and cutting off a water gap and a feeder head of the steel ingot to obtain the homogenized steel ingot. The steel ingot is homogenized, on one hand, the combination of molten steel and a cold ingot core blank can be promoted, on the other hand, the element diffusion in the steel ingot can be promoted, and the problems of component segregation and the like are solved; the nozzle and the feeder head contain more defects, and the defects in the steel ingot can be reduced after cutting.
Specifically, the steel ingot is subjected to heat preservation for more than 24 hours at the temperature of more than 1230 ℃, homogenization treatment is carried out on the steel ingot, and then a water gap and a riser of the steel ingot are cut off to obtain a homogenized steel ingot; the casting head is cut off along the neck of the steel ingot, the water gap is cut off at the height of the cold ingot core blank which is about 1/10 of the bottom of the steel ingot, the position of the cold ingot core blank 7 cannot be cut when the casting head and the water gap are cut off, the vacuum degree of the position of the cold ingot core blank 7 is prevented from being damaged, the diameter of the first supporting piece 71 used for supporting is small, the first supporting piece can be completely fused with molten steel in the casting process, the vacuum of the position of the cold ingot core blank cannot be damaged when the water gap is cut off, and the follow-up forging compounding step can be guaranteed.
Through the steps S1-S3, the cold ingot core blank 7 and the molten steel obtained by smelting in the vacuum environment can be compounded in the vacuum environment in a vacuum solid-liquid compounding mode, so that an oxide layer is prevented from being generated in the smelting and casting processes, the influence of the oxide layer on a compound interface is reduced, and the compounding effect is improved.
And S4, reheating and preserving the homogenized steel ingot, shaping and upsetting, returning to a furnace, heating and preserving heat to obtain a shaped steel ingot. Heating and preserving heat of the homogenized steel ingot, taking out the steel ingot from a heating furnace, and performing shaping and upsetting treatment on the steel ingot in order to ensure that subsequent deformation is performed smoothly because the steel ingot has certain taper, performing rounding forging treatment on the steel ingot in the radial direction, forging the steel ingot in a small-deformation and slow-speed rounding mode, upsetting the homogenized steel ingot at a deformation speed of less than or equal to 10mm/s along the axial direction of the steel ingot, wherein the deformation amount is 35-50%, and returning to a heating furnace for heating and preserving heat for more than or equal to 2 hours; the steel ingot can be shaped in the shaping and upsetting process, so that the further forging treatment is facilitated, the deformation of the interface can be realized in the upsetting process, the crushing of oxides at the interface is facilitated, the oxides are diffused and decomposed in the subsequent heating and heat preservation processes, and the influence brought by the oxides is reduced.
Specifically, in step S4, reheating and holding the homogenized steel ingot includes: by using the rate of temperature rise V 1 Heating the homogenized steel ingot to 650 ℃, keeping the temperature for more than or equal to 2 hours, and then adopting a heating speed V 2 Continuously heating to above 1230 ℃, and keeping the temperature for more than or equal to 2h; wherein the temperature rise rate V 1 Greater than the temperature rise rate V 2 。
In the step S5, after the shaped steel ingot is radially deformed for multiple times by using a plurality of asymmetric arc-shaped anvils 5, a large steel ingot meeting the size requirement is obtained, wherein the asymmetric arc-shaped anvils 5 include an upper auxiliary tool 51 and a lower auxiliary tool 52, and the radian radius of the upper auxiliary tool 51 is smaller than that of the lower auxiliary tool 52. The upper auxiliary tool 51 with smaller radian radius in the asymmetric arc-shaped anvil 5 can be attached to a steel ingot, rotary forging is carried out under the condition of small deformation rolling reduction, the local surface tensile stress of the steel ingot can be reduced, the surface cracking probability of the steel ingot is reduced, the uniform deformation of an interface can be ensured while the compressive stress and the deformation level of a steel ingot core are increased, the interface composite effect is increased, and the position and the shape of the interface in the steel ingot are kept.
Specifically, different asymmetric arc-shaped anvils 5 are selected to carry out three-time radial deformation on the shaped steel ingot, the shaped steel ingot is subjected to rotary deformation in the asymmetric arc-shaped anvils 5 along the radial direction, the shaped steel ingot starts to deform from one end of the shaped steel ingot, the position of the shaped steel ingot is continuously moved until the shaped steel ingot deforms to the other end, the first-pass deformation is carried out, and the methods of the second-pass deformation and the third-pass deformation are the same as those of the first-pass deformation; before the asymmetric arc-shaped anvil 5 is adopted for forging deformation, firstly, the asymmetric arc-shaped anvil 5 is preheated by flame baking, the surface temperature of the asymmetric arc-shaped anvil 5 is ensured to be more than or equal to 200 ℃, then, the preheated asymmetric arc-shaped anvil 5 is adopted for carrying out three times of radial deformation on a steel ingot to be shaped, wherein the deformation amount of the first time of deformation is less than or equal to 10 percent, the deformation rate is 10mm/s, the deformation amount of the second time of deformation and the third time of deformation is 20-30 percent, and the deformation rate is 30-60mm/s; and preserving heat of the shaped steel ingot between the first-pass deformation and the second-pass deformation and between the second-pass deformation and the third-pass deformation, and performing secondary upsetting after the second-pass deformation, wherein the deformation amount of the second-pass upsetting is less than or equal to 35%, and the deformation speed is less than or equal to 10mm/s.
Through the steps S4-S5, the cold ingot core blank and the blank formed after the molten steel is solidified can be compounded in a forging compounding mode, the probability of steel ingot surface cracking can be reduced through the process of forging by adopting the asymmetric arc-shaped anvil 5 after the shaping and upsetting, and the interface compounding effect can be improved.
As shown in fig. 2 and 4, another embodiment of the present invention provides a composite steel ingot preparation apparatus, comprising a vacuum chamber 1, and a melting furnace 4, an eccentric tundish 3 and an ingot mold 2 which are positioned in the vacuum chamber 1, wherein the eccentric tundish 3 is positioned above the ingot mold 2, and further comprising an upsetting device (not shown) and an asymmetric arc-shaped anvil 5; wherein the vacuum chamber 1 is used for providing a vacuum environment for the smelting furnace 4, the eccentric tundish 3 and the ingot mould 2; the smelting furnace 4 is used for smelting in a vacuum environment to obtain molten steel; the eccentric tundish 3 is used for casting the molten steel into the ingot mould 2, the casting opening 31 of the eccentric tundish 3 is positioned at the position, close to the periphery, of the bottom of the eccentric tundish 3, and the molten steel cannot be directly cast onto the cold ingot core blank 7 positioned at the center of the ingot mould 2 during casting; the ingot mould 2 is used for compounding the molten steel and the cold ingot core blank 7 to form a steel ingot; the upsetting device is used for reshaping and upsetting the steel ingot to obtain a reshaped steel ingot; and the asymmetric arc-shaped anvil 5 is used for radially deforming the shaped steel ingot to meet the size requirement to obtain the composite steel ingot.
The vacuum chamber 1 provides a vacuum environment for the smelting furnace 4 and the ingot mould 2, so that the smelting and casting processes of molten steel are performed in the vacuum environment, the oxidation condition is reduced, the interface composite quality is improved, the eccentric tundish 3 can be used for preventing the molten steel from being directly cast onto the cold ingot core blank 7, the molten steel can be enabled to rapidly flow into the bottom of the ingot mould 2, the casting quality is improved, the upsetting device can damage oxides at the interface, the diffusion and decomposition of the oxides are facilitated, the asymmetric arc-shaped anvil 5 can reduce the local surface tensile stress of the steel ingot, the steel ingot surface cracking probability is reduced, the uniform deformation of the interface can be ensured while the pressure stress and the deformation level of the steel ingot core are increased, the interface composite effect is increased, and the position and the shape of the interface in the steel ingot are maintained.
In addition, the preparation device of the composite steel ingot further comprises a heat-insulating riser 6, and the heat-insulating riser 6 is positioned between the eccentric tundish and the ingot mold 2. The heat-insulating riser 6 can insulate the molten steel cast into the ingot mold 2, prolong the solidification time of the molten steel and improve the feeding effect.
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The following examples are examples of experimental procedures not specified under specific conditions, generally according to the conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
Examples
A composite steel ingot is prepared from a cold ingot core blank made of H13 steel and molten steel under laboratory conditions, the total weight of the steel ingot is 40kg, the weight of the cold ingot core blank is 6kg, and the used device is shown in figures 2-4, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1.1, machining the surface of a cold ingot core blank 7, effectively removing surface oxide skin to ensure that the finish degree of the cold ingot core blank 7 is less than 3.2 mu m, machining 3 inner holes (with the diameter of 3.1mm and the depth of 10 mm) with the diameter of 3.1mm multiplied by 10mm at the bottom end surface of the cold ingot core blank 7 so as to insert a first supporting piece 71, and welding 4 second supporting pieces 72 at the side surface of the cold ingot core blank 7; then, the surfaces of the cold ingot core blank 7, the first supporting piece 71 and the second supporting piece 72 are cleaned by absolute ethyl alcohol, after air blowing and drying, the surfaces are scrubbed by acetone solution and air blowing and drying are carried out, and then the cold ingot core blank 7 is placed into the steel ingot mould 2; it should be noted that after the cold ingot core blank 7 is treated by the acetone solution, secondary pollution to the surface of the cold ingot core blank 7 is avoided;
1.2, sequentially placing a heat-insulating riser 6 and an eccentric tundish 3 above the ingot mould 2; putting the smelting raw material into a smelting furnace 4, sealing a vacuum chamber 1, and controlling the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber 1 to be 10 -1 Below Torr, then introducing a protective gas to flush the vacuum chamber 1, and performing vacuum-pumping treatment again on the vacuum chamber 1 to make the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber 1 reach 10 -1 Below Torr, beginning to smelt to obtain molten steel;
1.3, pouring molten steel in a smelting furnace 4 into an eccentric tundish 3, enabling the molten steel to enter an ingot mold 2 through a casting opening 31 in the eccentric tundish 3, waiting for the molten steel to solidify and cool after the molten steel is cast, then breaking the vacuum environment of a vacuum chamber 1, and demolding to obtain an ingot;
1.4, homogenizing the steel ingot prepared in the step 1.3, keeping the temperature above 1250 ℃ for 24 hours, then air-cooling to room temperature, cutting off a riser along the neck of the steel ingot, and cutting off a water gap along the position 1/10 of the height of a cold ingot core blank 7 from the bottom of the steel ingot to obtain a homogenized steel ingot;
1.5, reheating and preserving heat of the homogenized steel ingot in a heating furnace, which specifically comprises the following steps: by the rate of temperature rise V 1 Heating the homogenized steel ingot to 650 ℃, keeping the temperature for more than or equal to 2 hours, and then adopting a heating speed V 2 Continuously heating to above 1230 ℃, and keeping the temperature for more than or equal to 2h; wherein, V 1 ＞V 2 ；
1.6, taking out the steel ingot from the heating furnace, and carrying out rounding forging treatment on the homogenized steel ingot in the radial direction by adopting a small-deformation slow-speed rounding mode; then, upsetting a steel ingot at a deformation speed of 10mm/s along the axial direction, wherein the deformation is 40%, and the composition of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of a cold ingot core blank 7 is guaranteed; then returning the steel ingot to the furnace for heating and heat preservation for 3 hours to promote the further diffusion compounding of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the cold ingot core blank 7;
1.7, preparing a set of asymmetric arc-shaped anvil 5 according to a predesigned deformation process of a steel ingot, wherein the set of asymmetric arc-shaped anvil 5 is preheated by flame baking in advance, and the surface temperature of the asymmetric arc-shaped anvil 5 is ensured to be 250-300 ℃; the asymmetric arc-shaped anvil 5 adopts a design with a small upper part and a large lower part as shown in figure 4, the steel ingot is subjected to rotary deformation along the radial direction, the steel ingot starts to deform from one end until the steel ingot deforms to the other end, the first radial deformation compounding is performed, and the model of the asymmetric arc-shaped anvil 5 is gradually adjusted according to the diameter of the blank until the required deformation size is reached; wherein the first-pass deformation is less than or equal to 10 percent, and the deformation rate is 10mm/s; then returning to the furnace for heat preservation for 2 hours; then, discharging the steel plate out of the furnace, and performing second-pass radial deformation, wherein the second-pass deformation amount is 30%, the deformation rate is 45mm/s, and the steel plate is rapidly deformed; then returning to the furnace for heat preservation for 2h; carrying out secondary upsetting on the steel ingot at a deformation speed of 8mm/s, wherein the deformation is less than or equal to 30%; then returning to the furnace for heat preservation for 2 hours; and then, discharging the steel ingot and carrying out third radial deformation, wherein the deformation amount of the third radial deformation is 25%, the deformation rate is 50mm/s, and the steel ingot is deformed to the required size, so that the composite steel ingot is obtained.
After the composite steel ingot prepared in the embodiment is returned to the heating furnace and cooled to room temperature along with the furnace, the composite steel ingot is dissected along the radial direction, as shown in fig. 6, the composite steel ingot is well compounded, and quality problems such as inclusion, oxidation, shrinkage cavity and the like are not found.
Although the present disclosure has been described above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and these changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the composite steel ingot is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, fixedly arranging a pretreated cold ingot core blank (7) in an ingot mould (2), wherein the temperature of the cold ingot core blank (7) is room temperature;
s2, smelting in a vacuum environment to obtain molten steel, casting the molten steel into the ingot mold (2), and demolding after cooling to obtain a steel ingot;
s3, homogenizing the steel ingot, and cutting off a water gap and a riser of the steel ingot to obtain a homogenized steel ingot;
s4, reheating and preserving the homogenized steel ingot, shaping and upsetting, returning to a furnace, heating and preserving heat to obtain a shaped steel ingot;
and S5, radially deforming the shaped steel ingot by adopting an asymmetric arc-shaped anvil (5) to obtain the composite steel ingot meeting the size requirement, wherein the asymmetric arc-shaped anvil (5) comprises an upper auxiliary tool (51) and a lower auxiliary tool (52), and the radian radius of the upper auxiliary tool (51) is smaller than that of the lower auxiliary tool (52).
2. A method for making a composite steel ingot according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the bottom of the cold ingot core blank (7) is connected to the bottom of the ingot mold (2) through a first support member (71), and a second support member (72) is horizontally disposed on a side surface of the cold ingot core blank (7), wherein the first support member (71) and the second support member (72) are made of the same material as the cold ingot core blank.
3. A method for making a composite steel ingot according to claim 2, characterized in that the first supports (71) are arranged vertically, the height of the first supports (71) being 1/6-1/5 of the height of the cold ingot core blank (7).
4. A method for producing a composite steel ingot according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step S2, the degree of vacuum of the vacuum chamber (1) is controlled to 10 -1 Below Torr, then filling protective gas to flush the vacuum chamber (1), and vacuumizing the vacuum chamber (1) again to make the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber (1) reach 10 -1 And below Torr, smelting in the vacuum chamber (1) to obtain the molten steel, casting the molten steel into the ingot mould (2), cooling and demoulding to obtain a steel ingot.
5. The method for preparing a composite steel ingot according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the steel ingot is subjected to heat preservation at a temperature of 1230 ℃ or higher for 24 hours or more, and then homogenized, and a sprue and a riser of the steel ingot are cut off to obtain a homogenized steel ingot.
6. A method of making a composite ingot according to claim 1, wherein the reheating and holding the homogenized ingot in step S4 comprises:
by using the rate of temperature rise V 1 Heating the homogenized steel ingot to 650 ℃, keeping the temperature for more than or equal to 2 hours, and then adopting a heating speed V 2 Continuously heating to above 1230 ℃, and keeping the temperature for more than or equal to 2h; wherein the temperature rise rate V 1 Greater than the temperature rise rate V 2 。
7. The method for producing a composite steel ingot according to claim 1, wherein the performing of the plastic upsetting in step S4 includes:
upsetting the homogenized steel ingot at a deformation speed of less than or equal to 10mm/s, wherein the deformation amount is 35-50%.
8. The method for preparing the composite steel ingot according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, different asymmetric arc-shaped anvils (5) are selected to carry out three radial deformations on the shaped steel ingot, wherein the deformation of the first pass deformation is less than or equal to 10%, the deformation rate is 10mm/S, the deformation of the second pass deformation and the deformation of the third pass deformation are 20-30%, and the deformation rate is 30-60mm/S; and performing heat preservation on the shaped steel ingot between the first-pass deformation and the second-pass deformation and between the second-pass deformation and the third-pass deformation, and performing secondary upsetting after the second-pass deformation, wherein the deformation amount of the secondary upsetting is less than or equal to 35%, and the deformation speed is less than or equal to 10mm/s.
9. The preparation device of the composite steel ingot is characterized by comprising a vacuum chamber (1), a smelting furnace (4), an eccentric tundish (3) and an ingot mold (2), wherein the smelting furnace (4), the eccentric tundish (3) and the ingot mold (2) are positioned in the vacuum chamber (1), and the preparation device further comprises an upsetting device and an asymmetric arc-shaped anvil (5);
wherein the vacuum chamber (1) is used for providing a vacuum environment for the smelting furnace (4), the eccentric tundish (3) and the ingot mould (2);
the smelting furnace (4) is used for smelting in a vacuum environment to obtain molten steel;
the eccentric tundish (3) is used for casting the molten steel into the ingot mould (2);
the ingot mould (2) is used for compounding the molten steel and the cold ingot core blank (7) to form a steel ingot;
the upsetting device is used for reshaping and upsetting the steel ingot to obtain a reshaped steel ingot;
and the asymmetric arc-shaped anvil (5) is used for radially deforming the shaped steel ingot to meet the size requirement to obtain the composite steel ingot.
10. Device for the preparation of composite ingots according to claim 9, characterized in that it further comprises an insulated riser (6), the insulated riser (6) being located between the eccentric tundish (3) and the ingot mould (2).
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