CN115227868A - Bone defect repairing material and magnesium pretreatment acellular tissue engineering bone scaffold - Google Patents
Bone defect repairing material and magnesium pretreatment acellular tissue engineering bone scaffold Download PDFInfo
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- CN115227868A CN115227868A CN202210858161.9A CN202210858161A CN115227868A CN 115227868 A CN115227868 A CN 115227868A CN 202210858161 A CN202210858161 A CN 202210858161A CN 115227868 A CN115227868 A CN 115227868A
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- bone
- magnesium
- bone defect
- defect repair
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Abstract
The invention provides a bone defect repairing material and a magnesium pretreatment decellularized tissue engineering bone scaffold, the bone defect repairing material comprises a carrier and an osteogenesis promoter loaded on the carrier, the carrier adopts femur, and the osteogenesis promoter is mainly formed by magnesium ions, growth factors and BMSCs generated after the magnesium ions and a magnesium rod are implanted for common stimulation. The magnesium pretreatment decellularized tissue engineering bone scaffold prepared by applying the bone defect repairing material can solve the problems of complex manufacturing procedure, high manufacturing cost, uncertain treatment effect, overlong period and poor bone defect repairing effect of the conventional bone tissue engineering scaffold, and has the advantages of simple manufacturing procedure, low manufacturing cost, good bone formation promoting effect and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bone tissue scaffolds, in particular to a bone defect repairing material and a magnesium pretreatment acellular tissue engineering bone scaffold prepared by applying the bone defect repairing material.
Background
Bone defects are not rare in clinic, and the bone defects are caused by a plurality of reasons, including debridement after movement or injury and bone infection, nonunion or bone loss of blood supply after radiotherapy or bone tumor resection, and the like, so that the life and work of a patient are seriously influenced, and the physiology and the psychology of the patient are greatly influenced.
Currently, there are three main methods for the clinical auxiliary treatment of bone defect repair: autologous bone grafting, allogeneic bone grafting and bone tissue engineering. Autologous bone is considered as a gold standard for treating bone defects due to good biocompatibility, strong osteogenic capacity and high bone induction and bone conduction activities, however, autologous bone transplantation is also accompanied by many related complications, such as donor hematoma, wound dehiscence, donor pain, cutaneous nerve injury, incision infection and the like. Allogeneic bone transplantation is also a method of treating bone defects, but associated complications such as immune reactions, infection, delayed bone healing, bone resorption, etc. also occur.
With the development of tissue engineering technology, the acellular bone tissue engineering scaffold material is gradually applied to clinical repair of bone defects, can make up the defects of autologous bone and allogeneic bone transplantation to a certain extent, and has wide application prospects in orthopedics clinical. However, the existing bone tissue engineering scaffold materials still have many disadvantages to be overcome: 1. the manufacturing procedure is complex and the cost is expensive. 2. The effects of promoting bone formation, bone conduction, and bone induction are not exact. 3. The treatment time and period are longer. Therefore, it is important to design a new material capable of assisting bone defect repair.
Research on the promotion of bone injury repair by Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) as seed cells is receiving more and more attention. MSCs are adult stem cells derived from mesoderm, having multipotentiality and self-renewal ability, and can differentiate in the direction of osteoblasts and chondroblasts, and when damaged, can chemotactic to damaged tissues to promote tissue repair, secrete cytokines, exert immunoregulatory function, and promote angiogenesis. MSCs at the bone injury part are recruited, proliferated and differentiated into osteoblasts to play an important role in the bone repair process, and the sufficient number of the MSCs recruited at the injury part is a precondition and a cytological basis for the bone injury repair. However, the capacity of the seed cells is limited, and the capacity is not enough to meet the clinical requirement, so the treatment of the seed cells and the combination of the seed cells and the biological scaffold material become important means for solving the problems at present.
Currently, in the orthopedic field, a large number of animal experiments and a small number of preclinical clinical trials have confirmed that magnesium metal implants can promote the formation of surrounding new bone. Meanwhile, researches find that magnesium ions with a certain concentration can promote cell proliferation and adhesion in an early stage. Recently, an article published in journal of Biomaterials suggests that the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and periostin can be significantly increased in bone tissue after pretreatment by magnesium rod implantation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a bone defect repairing material and a magnesium pretreatment decellularized tissue engineering bone scaffold, which solve the problems of complex manufacturing procedure, high manufacturing cost, uncertain treatment effect, overlong period and poor bone defect repairing effect of the conventional bone tissue engineering scaffold, and have the advantages of simple manufacturing procedure, low manufacturing cost, good osteogenesis promoting effect and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a bone defect repair material, which comprises a carrier and an osteogenesis promoter loaded on the carrier, wherein the carrier adopts femur, and the osteogenesis promoter comprises magnesium ions, and growth factors and BMSCs generated after the magnesium ions and a magnesium rod are implanted and jointly stimulated.
Further, the carrier is rat femur.
Further, the bone defect repair material is prepared by the following steps:
1. adopting a retrograde intramedullary nail implantation method, implanting a magnesium rod into a femoral bone marrow cavity through a femoral intercondylar, killing a rat after 2 weeks, taking out a femur, and drilling a cylindrical bone tissue material at the metaphysis of the femoral bone;
2. carrying out decellularization treatment on the rat femur after magnesium pre-stimulation to obtain a decellularized bone scaffold;
3. the expanded BMSCs were seeded to decellularized bone scaffolds.
Further, the second step comprises the following steps:
s1: washing the taken bone tissue by phosphate buffer solution, wrapping the bone tissue by gauze, performing freeze thawing cycle for multiple times, taking out a sample, placing the sample into the phosphate buffer solution added with double antibodies, and performing oscillation rinsing at the temperature of 4 ℃;
s2: preparing 0.1-0.3% TritonX-100 solution, adding double antibody, soaking the stent in the solution, and rinsing the stent on a shaking table at 4 deg.C;
s3: placing the stent into phosphate buffer solution with double antibodies, adding 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate, and oscillating on a shaking table in an environment of 4 ℃;
s4: taking out the sample, placing the sample into phosphate buffer solution with double antibodies, and carrying out shaking rinsing at the temperature of 4 ℃;
s5: adding a double antibody into a nuclease solution of 1mg/mL, placing and incubating for 3-4 days at normal temperature;
s6: and adding the double antibody into phosphate buffer solution at 4 ℃ for shaking rinsing.
Further, step S7 is included after step S6: taking out the sample, freeze-drying, sterilizing with ethylene oxide, and sealing for storage.
Further, the freeze-thaw cycle is to put in liquid nitrogen for 10-15min, take out and put in a 37-40 ℃ constant temperature water bath for 10-15min.
Further, in step S2, the mixture is rinsed on a shaker at 4 ℃ for 12 to 24 hours.
Further, in step S3, the mixture is shaken on a shaker at 4 ℃ for 24 hours.
Further, in step S4, the washing is performed 3 times, each for 2 to 3 hours, under an environment of 4 ℃.
The invention also provides a magnesium pretreated acellular tissue engineering bone scaffold which is prepared by applying the bone defect repairing material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
after the magnesium rod is implanted into the experimental animal body, the experimental animal is taken as a bioreactor, and magnesium ions released by the magnesium rod stimulate BMSCs in the femur of the experimental animal to secrete CGRP, periostin, growth factors, collagen-I and the like, so that the capacities of proliferation, adhesion, osteogenic differentiation and the like of the BMSCs in the femur can be enhanced.
After treatment by decellularization technology, the immunogenicity of the scaffold is eliminated, while it can retain the natural complex structure and fine microarchitecture, and after decellularization, the growth factors and various ECM components, such as fibronectin, heparin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid, still retain partial activity, and can retain their osteogenic differentiation promoting function while eliminating the immunogenicity of the material.
The magnesium ion pre-stimulated acellular bone scaffold can enhance biological behaviors of BMSCs such as adhesion, osteogenesis and the like. The BMSCs-loaded magnesium pre-stimulation decellularized bone scaffold can promote the repair of bone defects and shorten treatment time, and can solve the problems of hematoma in a supply area, wound dehiscence, pain in a supply bone area, skin nerve injury and incision infection in autologous bone transplantation, immune reaction, infection, delayed bone healing, bone absorption and the like in allogeneic bone transplantation, and the defects of complex manufacturing procedure, high manufacturing cost, inaccurate effect, long treatment period and the like of the existing bone tissue engineering scaffold material.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention and advantageous effects thereof will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
Example one
The invention provides a bone defect repair material, which comprises a carrier and an osteogenesis promoter loaded on the carrier. Preferably, the carrier is rat femur, and has the advantages of low cost and easy implantation operation. The following description will be made by taking rat femur as an example only. It is to be understood that the carrier is not limited to rat femur, but also xenogeneic bones of rabbit, dog, pig, etc. may be used. The osteogenesis promoter is mainly formed by magnesium ions, protein components such as growth factors generated after the magnesium ions and the magnesium rod are implanted and jointly stimulated, and BMSCs.
The bone defect repair material provided by the invention is prepared by the following steps:
1. selecting an SD rat with the appropriate age, implanting a magnesium rod into the femoral bone marrow cavity (the length of the magnesium rod is about 2.5 cm) through the intercondylar space of the femoral bone by adopting a retrograde intramedullary nail implantation method, killing the rat after 2 weeks, and taking out the femur. According to the requirements of clinic and experiment, a dental drill with a corresponding diameter is selected, and a cylindrical bone tissue material is drilled at the metaphysis of the femoral bone.
2. And (3) carrying out decellularization treatment on the rat femur after magnesium pre-stimulation to obtain the decellularized bone scaffold. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The removed bone tissue was washed 3 times for 10 minutes each by Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS). Then, the mixture is wrapped by gauze and subjected to five freeze-thaw cycles (one cycle is that the mixture is placed in liquid nitrogen for 10min, and then taken out and placed in a 37 ℃ constant-temperature water bath kettle for 10 min). After the sample was taken out, it was put into a PBS solution to which a double antibody was added, and rinsed 3 times for 2 hours each at 4 ℃ with shaking.
(2) Preparing 0.1 percent TritonX-100 solution, adding double antibody, soaking the bracket in the solution, and rinsing the bracket for 12 hours in a shaking table in an environment of 4 ℃.
(3) The scaffolds were placed in PBS with double antibody, 2% Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) was added, and the mixture was shaken on a shaker at 4 ℃ for 24 hours.
(4) After the sample was taken out, it was put into a PBS solution to which a double antibody was added, and rinsed 3 times for 2 hours each at 4 ℃ with shaking.
(5) Adding double antibody into nuclease solution of 1mg/mL, placing and incubating for 3 days, and keeping normal temperature.
(6) The solution was added to the double antibody PBS solution at 4 ℃ and rinsed by shaking, and the rinsing was repeated 3 times for 2 hours each time.
(7) Taking out the sample, freeze-drying, sterilizing with ethylene oxide, and sealing for storage.
3. Expanded mouse BMSCs were seeded onto decellularized bone scaffolds. Constructing a mouse bone defect model, implanting the acellular bone scaffold loaded with BMSCs into a bone defect part, and performing imaging and histological analysis 2 weeks and 4 weeks after operation.
Example two
The invention provides a bone defect repair material, which comprises a carrier and an osteogenesis promoter loaded on the carrier. Preferably, the carrier is rat femur, and has the advantages of low cost and easy implantation operation. The following description will be made by taking rat femur as an example only. It is to be understood that the vector is not limited to rat femur, but may be xenogeneic bone of rabbit, dog, pig, etc. The osteogenesis promoter is mainly formed by magnesium ions, protein components such as growth factors generated after the magnesium ions and the magnesium rod are implanted and jointly stimulated, and BMSCs.
The bone defect repair material provided by the invention is prepared by the following steps:
1. selecting an SD rat with the proper age, implanting a magnesium rod into a femoral intercondylar space through a retrograde intramedullary nail implantation method, implanting the magnesium rod into a femoral bone marrow cavity (the length of the magnesium rod is about 2.5 cm), killing the rat after 2 weeks, and taking out a femur. According to the requirements of clinic and experiment, a dental drill with a corresponding diameter is selected, and a cylindrical bone tissue material is drilled at the metaphysis of the femoral bone.
2. And (3) carrying out decellularization treatment on the rat femur after magnesium pre-stimulation to obtain the decellularized bone scaffold. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The removed bone tissue was washed 3 times for 15 minutes each by Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS). Then, the mixture is wrapped by gauze and subjected to five freeze-thaw cycles (one cycle is formed by putting the mixture into liquid nitrogen for 12min, taking the mixture out and putting the mixture into a 37 ℃ constant-temperature water bath kettle for 13 min). After the sample was taken out, it was put into a PBS solution to which a double antibody was added, and rinsed 3 times for 2.5 hours each at 4 ℃ with shaking.
(2) Preparing 0.2% TritonX-100 solution, adding double antibody, soaking the stent in, and rinsing on a shaker at 4 deg.C for 18 hr.
(3) The scaffolds were placed in PBS with double antibody, 2% Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) was added, and the mixture was shaken on a shaker at 4 ℃ for 24 hours.
(4) After the sample was taken out, it was put into a PBS solution to which a double antibody was added, and rinsed 3 times for 2.5 hours each at 4 ℃ with shaking.
(5) Adding double antibody into nuclease solution of 1mg/mL, placing and incubating for 4 days, and keeping the temperature at normal temperature.
(6) The solution was added to the double antibody PBS solution at 4 ℃ and rinsed by shaking, and the rinsing was repeated 3 times for 2.5 hours each time.
(7) Taking out the sample, freeze-drying, sterilizing with ethylene oxide, and sealing for storage.
3. Expanded mouse BMSCs were seeded onto decellularized bone scaffolds. Constructing a mouse bone defect model, implanting the decellularized bone scaffold loaded with BMSCs into a bone defect part, and performing imaging and histological analysis 2 weeks and 4 weeks after operation.
EXAMPLE III
The invention provides a bone defect repair material, which comprises a carrier and an osteogenesis promoter loaded on the carrier. Preferably, the carrier is rat femur, and has the advantages of low cost and easy implantation operation. The following description will be made by taking rat femur as an example only. It is to be understood that the carrier is not limited to rat femur, but also xenogeneic bones of rabbit, dog, pig, etc. may be used. The osteogenesis promoter is mainly formed by magnesium ions, protein components such as growth factors generated after the magnesium ions and the magnesium rod are implanted and jointly stimulated, and BMSCs.
The bone defect repair material provided by the invention is prepared by the following steps:
1. selecting an SD rat with the proper age, implanting a magnesium rod into a femoral intercondylar space through a retrograde intramedullary nail implantation method, implanting the magnesium rod into a femoral bone marrow cavity (the length of the magnesium rod is about 2.5 cm), killing the rat after 2 weeks, and taking out a femur. According to the requirements of clinic and experiment, a dental drill with a corresponding diameter is selected, and a cylindrical bone tissue material is drilled at the metaphysis of the femoral bone.
2. And (3) carrying out decellularization treatment on the rat femur after magnesium pre-stimulation to obtain the decellularized bone scaffold. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The removed bone tissue was washed 3 times for 20 minutes each by Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS). Then, the mixture is wrapped by gauze and subjected to five freeze-thaw cycles (one cycle is formed by putting the mixture into liquid nitrogen for 15min, taking the mixture out and putting the mixture into a 37 ℃ constant-temperature water bath kettle for 15 min). After the sample was taken out, it was put into a PBS solution to which a double antibody was added, and rinsed 3 times for 3 hours each at 4 ℃ with shaking.
(2) Preparing 0.3 percent TritonX-100 solution, adding double antibody, soaking the bracket in the solution, and rinsing the bracket for 24 hours in a shaking table in an environment of 4 ℃.
(3) The scaffolds were placed in PBS with double antibody, 2% Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) was added, and the mixture was shaken on a shaker at 4 ℃ for 24 hours.
(4) After the sample was taken out, it was put into a PBS solution to which a double antibody was added, and rinsed 3 times for 3 hours each at 4 ℃ with shaking.
(5) Adding double antibody into nuclease solution of 1mg/mL, placing and incubating for 4 days, and keeping normal temperature.
(6) The solution was added to the double antibody PBS solution at 4 ℃ and rinsed by shaking, and the rinsing was repeated 3 times for 3 hours each time.
(7) Taking out the sample, freeze-drying, sterilizing with ethylene oxide, and sealing for storage.
3. Expanded mouse BMSCs were seeded onto decellularized bone scaffolds. Constructing a mouse bone defect model, implanting the acellular bone scaffold loaded with BMSCs into a bone defect part, and performing imaging and histological analysis 2 weeks and 4 weeks after operation.
The experimental results of the three embodiments can be used for obtaining the following beneficial effects:
after the magnesium rod is implanted into the body of an experimental animal, the experimental animal is taken as a bioreactor, and the BMSCs in the thighbone of the experimental animal are stimulated to secrete CGRP, periostin, growth factors, collagen-I and the like through magnesium ions released by the magnesium rod, so that the capacities of proliferation, adhesion, osteogenic differentiation and the like of the BMSCs in the thighbone can be enhanced.
After treatment by decellularization technology, the immunogenicity of the scaffold is eliminated while it can retain the natural complex structure and fine micro-architecture, and after decellularization, the growth factors and various ECM components such as fibronectin, heparin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid still retain partial activity, and the function of promoting osteogenic differentiation can be retained while the immunogenicity of the material is eliminated.
The magnesium ion pre-stimulated acellular bone scaffold can enhance biological behaviors of BMSCs such as adhesion, osteogenesis and the like. The BMSCs-loaded magnesium pre-stimulation decellularized bone scaffold can promote the repair of bone defects and shorten treatment time, and can solve the problems of hematoma in a supply area, wound dehiscence, pain in a supply bone area, skin nerve injury and incision infection in autologous bone transplantation, immune reaction, infection, delayed bone healing, bone absorption and the like in allogeneic bone transplantation, and the defects of complex manufacturing procedure, high manufacturing cost, inaccurate effect, long treatment period and the like of the existing bone tissue engineering scaffold material.
Example four
The invention provides a magnesium pretreated acellular tissue engineering bone scaffold which is prepared from the bone defect repair material in the first, second and third embodiments.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The bone defect repairing material is characterized by comprising a carrier and an osteogenesis promoter loaded on the carrier, wherein the carrier adopts femur, and the osteogenesis promoter comprises magnesium ions, and growth factors and BMSCs generated after the magnesium ions and magnesium rods are implanted and jointly stimulated.
2. The bone defect repair material according to claim 1, wherein the carrier is a rat femur.
3. The bone defect repair material of claim 1, prepared by the steps of:
1. adopting a retrograde intramedullary nail implantation method, implanting a magnesium rod into a femoral bone marrow cavity through a femoral intercondylar, killing a rat after 2 weeks, taking out a femur, and drilling a cylindrical bone tissue material at the metaphysis of the femoral bone;
2. carrying out decellularization treatment on the rat femur after magnesium pre-stimulation to obtain a decellularized bone scaffold;
3. the expanded BMSCs were seeded to acellular bone scaffolds.
4. The bone defect repair material of claim 3, wherein step two comprises the steps of:
s1: washing the taken bone tissue by phosphate buffer solution, wrapping the bone tissue by gauze, performing freeze thawing cycle for multiple times, taking out a sample, placing the sample into the phosphate buffer solution added with double antibodies, and performing oscillation rinsing at the temperature of 4 ℃;
s2: preparing 0.1-0.3% TritonX-100 solution, adding double antibody, soaking the stent in the solution, and rinsing the stent on a shaking table at 4 deg.C;
s3: placing the stent into phosphate buffer solution with double antibodies, adding 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate, and oscillating on a shaking table in an environment of 4 ℃;
s4: after the sample is taken out, putting the sample into phosphate buffer solution added with double antibodies, and carrying out shaking rinsing at the temperature of 4 ℃;
s5: adding a double antibody into a nuclease solution of 1mg/mL, placing the mixture in a culture tank, incubating the mixture for 3-4 days, and keeping the temperature at normal temperature;
s6: and adding the double antibody into phosphate buffer solution at 4 ℃ for shaking rinsing.
5. The bone defect repair material according to claim 4, further comprising, after step S6, step S7: taking out the sample, freeze-drying, sterilizing with ethylene oxide, and sealing for storage.
6. The bone defect repair material according to claim 4, wherein the freeze-thaw cycle is that the material is placed in liquid nitrogen for 10-15min, and is taken out and then placed in a 37-40 ℃ constant temperature water bath for 10-15min.
7. The bone defect repair material according to claim 4, wherein in step S2, the material is rinsed on a shaker at 4 ℃ for 12-24 hours.
8. The bone defect repair material according to claim 4, wherein in step S3, the material is shaken on a shaker at 4 ℃ for 24 hours.
9. The bone defect repair material according to claim 4, wherein in step S4, the material is rinsed 3 times with shaking at 4 ℃ for 2-3 hours each time.
10. A magnesium pretreated acellular tissue engineering bone scaffold, characterized in that it is made of the bone defect repair material according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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