CN115219920A - Lithium battery thermal runaway triggering and rapid interruption measuring device and method - Google Patents
Lithium battery thermal runaway triggering and rapid interruption measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115219920A CN115219920A CN202210954806.9A CN202210954806A CN115219920A CN 115219920 A CN115219920 A CN 115219920A CN 202210954806 A CN202210954806 A CN 202210954806A CN 115219920 A CN115219920 A CN 115219920A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/378—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/637—Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a lithium battery thermal runaway triggering and rapid interruption measuring device and a method thereof, wherein the measuring device is a closed device and comprises the following components: the normally closed cover is provided with a first pressure sensor and an air inlet and exhaust electromagnetic valve; the lithium battery thermal runaway protector comprises a metal main box body for placing a lithium battery to be detected, wherein a metal inner container is sleeved in the metal main box body, an electric heating pipe and a temperature sensor are coated outside the metal inner container, and a cooling device for quickly interrupting a thermal runaway process of the lithium battery to be detected is arranged in the metal inner container; the sample injection cover is provided with a second pressure sensor; the needling component is arranged on the metal main box body and used for triggering thermal runaway of the lithium battery to be tested and performing puncture deflation on the lithium battery to be tested, which triggers the thermal runaway. Compared with the prior art, the invention realizes the multi-form triggering and the quick interruption of the thermal runaway of the full-size lithium battery so as to carry out the material state acquisition and the gas production state test of each stage of the thermal runaway.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery detection, in particular to a device and a method for triggering and rapidly interrupting lithium battery thermal runaway.
Background
In recent years, the lithium ion power battery industry has been developed in a leap-forward manner, and the industry scale is leading in the world, and the lithium ion power battery industry becomes a core driving force for leading the motorization of automobiles. But frequent fire accidents affect the confidence of users on the safety and durability of the new energy automobile.
In the thermal runaway process of the lithium ion battery, a series of chemical reactions such as diaphragm contraction, electrolyte decomposition, anode and cathode decomposition and the like occur, and a large amount of heat and combustible gas are generated at the same time. The battery pack can be damaged by high temperature and high pressure generated after the battery core is out of control due to heat in the module, the material change, the gas production rule and the gas composition of the lithium battery at different stages of the out of control due to heat are evaluated, and the method has important significance for the research of the lithium battery.
The current experimental method is used for analyzing the battery thermal runaway process by detecting the pressure, the temperature and the voltage of a closed container in the battery thermal runaway process. The method ignores the material change and gas generation condition of each stage in the thermal runaway process of the battery, and cannot test and analyze the materials and gas of different thermal runaway development stages of the battery, and the method cannot truly reflect the state of each stage of the thermal runaway of the battery. With the increase of the size of the battery unit, part of the equipment can not meet the size requirement and the gas production test requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a lithium battery thermal runaway triggering and quick interruption measuring device and method, so that the triggering and quick interruption of the thermal runaway of a full-size lithium battery in various forms are realized, and the test of the material state and the gas production state of each stage of the thermal runaway is obtained.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lithium battery thermal runaway triggering and rapid interruption measuring device, wherein the measuring device is a closed device, and the measuring device comprises:
the normally closed cover is provided with a first pressure sensor and an air inlet and exhaust electromagnetic valve;
the lithium battery thermal runaway protector comprises a metal main box body for placing a lithium battery to be detected, wherein a metal inner container is sleeved in the metal main box body, an electric heating pipe and a temperature sensor are coated outside the metal inner container, and a cooling device for quickly interrupting a thermal runaway process of the lithium battery to be detected is arranged in the metal inner container;
the sample injection cover is provided with a second pressure sensor and a plurality of standby interfaces;
the needling component is arranged on the metal main box body and used for triggering thermal runaway of the lithium battery to be tested and performing puncture deflation on the lithium battery to be tested, which triggers the thermal runaway.
Preferably, the cooling device comprises a detachable liquid cooling coil and a vacuum liquid nitrogen pipe;
the detachable liquid cooling coil is connected with a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet which are arranged on the sample injection cover; the vacuum liquid nitrogen pipe is connected to a low-temperature liquid nitrogen ball valve arranged on the sample injection cover.
Preferably, a fireproof heat-insulating layer is filled between the electric heating pipe and the metal inner container.
Preferably, the normally closed cover is further provided with a safety valve, a lighting device, a monitoring device and a first temperature and high pressure assembly;
and a second temperature and high pressure component with the same model as the first temperature and high pressure component is also arranged on the sample injection cover.
The measuring device is of a flat cylindrical structure.
Preferably, different inert gases can be filled in the metal inner container according to test conditions.
Preferably, the needle punching assembly comprises a servo motor and a steel needle which adopts the servo motor to control the punching depth.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lithium battery thermal runaway triggering and rapid interruption method, using any one of the measuring devices, the method comprising:
1) Putting a lithium battery to be tested into a measuring device;
2) Heating the cavity through a built-in electric heating pipe, triggering thermal runaway, and stopping heating when the lithium battery is thermally runaway or meets the requirements of a preset program; or puncturing the lithium battery to be tested by adopting the needling component, triggering thermal runaway, and stopping puncturing when the thermal runaway of the battery occurs or the preset program requirement is met;
3) After the thermal runaway process of the lithium battery reaches a preset state, cooling the lithium battery to be tested with thermal runaway through a cooling device; when the thermal runaway is interrupted and the lithium battery to be tested enters a stable state;
4) And collecting temperature data, voltage data, pressure data and gas data in the cavity, and monitoring the state of the lithium battery to be tested.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for triggering and rapidly interrupting thermal runaway of a lithium battery, using the measuring apparatus, the method comprising:
1) Putting a lithium battery to be measured into the measuring device;
2) Leading out the anode and the cathode of the lithium battery to be tested by using a standby interface, charging by using external charging equipment, and triggering thermal runaway by using a preset overcharge program; stopping charging after the battery is out of control thermally or meets the requirements of a preset program;
3) After the thermal runaway process of the lithium battery reaches a preset state, cooling the lithium battery to be tested with thermal runaway through a cooling device; when the thermal runaway is interrupted and the lithium battery to be tested enters a stable state;
4) And collecting temperature data, voltage data, pressure data and gas data in the cavity, and monitoring the state of the lithium battery to be tested.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a lithium battery thermal runaway gas collection and test method is provided, wherein the method comprises:
1) Triggering thermal runaway and interrupting thermal runaway for the lithium battery to be tested according to any one of the methods;
2) The explosion-proof valve port of the lithium battery to be tested is punctured through the needling component, and gas generated by the lithium battery to be tested in the thermal runaway process is released in an inert gas environment in the metal main box body;
3) And collecting gas in the cavity through the gas inlet and outlet electromagnetic valve, and performing gas test by using analysis equipment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) The invention realizes the multi-form triggering and quick interruption of the thermal runaway of the lithium battery, and is convenient for obtaining the material state and testing the gas production state of each stage of the thermal runaway;
2) The measuring device is a sealing device, and the inert gas can be replaced in the device to eliminate the influence of air on inaccurate measurement of gas production components in the thermal runaway process, so that the gas production measuring result is more accurate;
3) The measuring device is of a flat cylindrical structure, and can meet the testing requirements of most slave batteries at present under the condition of ensuring accurate and sensitive pressure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a measuring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a detailed schematic view of a normally closed cover;
FIG. 3 is a detailed structural diagram of the sample injection cover;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a metal main case;
reference numerals: 1-a normally closed cover, 11-a safety valve, 12-a lighting device, 13-a monitoring device, 14-a first pressure sensor, 15-an air inlet and outlet electromagnetic valve, 16-a first temperature and high pressure component; 2-a metal main box body, 21-a fireproof heat-insulating layer, 22-an electric heating pipe, 23-a temperature sensor, 24-a metal inner container, 25-a detachable liquid cooling coil pipe and 26-a vacuum liquid nitrogen pipe; 3-a sample injection cover, 31-a low-temperature liquid nitrogen ball valve, 32-a cooling liquid inlet and outlet, 33-a second pressure sensor, 34-a second temperature and high pressure component and 35-a standby interface.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Examples
The invention provides a lithium battery thermal runaway triggering and quick interruption measuring device and method, and aims to solve the problem that the existing measuring technology cannot test and analyze materials and gases of a battery in different thermal runaway development stages.
First, an embodiment of the present invention is provided, in which a lithium battery thermal runaway triggering and rapid interruption measuring apparatus is a sealed apparatus, and includes:
the normally closed cover 1 is provided with a safety valve 11, a lighting device 12, a monitoring device 13, a first pressure sensor 14, an air inlet and outlet electromagnetic valve 15 and a first temperature and high pressure assembly 16;
the metal main box body 2 is used for placing a lithium battery to be tested, a metal inner container 24 is sleeved in the metal main box body, an electric heating pipe 22 and a temperature sensor 23 are arranged outside the metal inner container 24 in a covering mode, and a fireproof heat-insulating layer 21 is filled between the electric heating pipe 22 and the metal inner container 24; a cooling device for rapidly interrupting the thermal runaway process of the lithium battery to be tested is arranged in the metal inner container 24; the cooling device comprises a detachable liquid cooling coil 25 and a vacuum liquid nitrogen pipe 26; the detachable liquid cooling coil 25 is connected with a cooling liquid inlet and outlet 32 arranged on the sample injection cover 3; the vacuum liquid nitrogen pipe 26 is connected to a low-temperature liquid nitrogen ball valve 31 arranged on the sample injection cover 3; inert gas is filled in the metal inner container 24;
the sample injection cover 3 is provided with a low-temperature liquid nitrogen ball valve 31, a cooling liquid inlet and outlet 32, a second pressure sensor 33, a second temperature and high pressure assembly 34 and a plurality of spare interfaces 35.
The needling component 4 arranged on the metal main box body 2 comprises a servo motor and a steel needle which adopts the servo motor to control the penetration depth, and is used for triggering the thermal runaway of the lithium battery to be tested and performing puncture deflation on the lithium battery to be tested which triggers the thermal runaway.
In addition, the measuring device in the embodiment is of a flat-laying cylindrical structure, the diameter is 500mm, the length is 1500mm, and the measuring device is suitable for testing a full-size lithium battery.
Next, an embodiment of a method according to the present invention is provided, in which a method for triggering and rapidly interrupting thermal runaway of a lithium battery is adopted, where the method includes:
1) Putting a lithium battery to be tested into a measuring device;
2) Heating the cavity through the built-in electric heating pipe 22, triggering thermal runaway, and stopping heating when the lithium battery is thermally runaway or meets the requirements of a preset program; or puncturing the lithium battery to be tested by adopting the needling component 4, triggering thermal runaway, and stopping puncturing when the thermal runaway of the battery occurs or the preset program requirement is met;
3) After the thermal runaway process of the lithium battery reaches a preset state, cooling the lithium battery to be tested with thermal runaway through a cooling device, and when the thermal runaway is interrupted and the lithium battery to be tested enters a stable state;
4) And collecting temperature data, voltage data, pressure data and gas data in the cavity, and monitoring the state of the lithium battery to be tested.
Next, another embodiment of the method according to the present invention is provided, in which a method for triggering and rapidly interrupting thermal runaway of a lithium battery is adopted, where the method includes:
1) Putting a lithium battery to be measured into the measuring device;
2) Leading out the anode and the cathode of the lithium battery to be tested by using a standby interface 35, charging by using external charging equipment, and triggering thermal runaway by using a preset overcharge program; stopping charging after the battery is out of control thermally or meets the requirements of a preset program;
3) After the thermal runaway process of the lithium battery reaches a preset state, cooling the lithium battery to be tested with thermal runaway through a cooling device; when the thermal runaway is interrupted and the lithium battery to be tested enters a stable state;
4) And collecting temperature data, voltage data, pressure data and gas data in the cavity, and monitoring the state of the lithium battery to be tested.
Next, a method for collecting and testing thermal runaway gas of a lithium battery is provided, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
1) Triggering thermal runaway and interrupting thermal runaway on the lithium battery to be tested according to any one of the methods;
2) The explosion-proof valve port of the lithium battery to be tested is punctured through the needling component 4, and gas generated by the lithium battery to be tested in the thermal runaway process is released in an inert gas environment in the metal main box body 2;
3) The gas in the cavity is collected through the air inlet and outlet electromagnetic valve 15, and gas testing is carried out by using an analysis device.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a lithium cell thermal runaway triggers and quick interruption measuring device which characterized in that, measuring device is closing device, includes:
the normally closed cover (1) is provided with a first pressure sensor (14) and an air inlet and outlet electromagnetic valve (15);
the device comprises a metal main box body (2) for placing the lithium battery to be tested, a metal inner container (24) is sleeved in the metal main box body, an electric heating pipe (22) and a temperature sensor (23) are arranged outside the metal inner container (24), and a cooling device for rapidly interrupting a thermal runaway process of the lithium battery to be tested is arranged in the metal inner container (24);
the sample injection cover (3) is provided with a second pressure sensor (33) and a plurality of spare interfaces (35);
and the needling component (4) is arranged on the metal main box body (2) and is used for triggering thermal runaway of the lithium battery to be tested and performing puncture and deflation on the lithium battery to be tested, which is triggered to be thermally runaway.
2. The lithium battery thermal runaway trigger and quick interruption measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the cooling device comprises a removable liquid cooling coil (25) and a vacuum liquid nitrogen tube (26);
the detachable liquid cooling coil (25) is connected with a cooling liquid inlet and outlet (32) arranged on the sample injection cover (3); the vacuum liquid nitrogen pipe (26) is connected to a low-temperature liquid nitrogen ball valve (31) arranged on the sample injection cover (3).
3. The lithium battery thermal runaway triggering and quick interruption measuring device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a fireproof insulating layer (21) is filled between the electric heating tube (22) and the metal inner container (24).
4. The lithium battery thermal runaway triggering and quick interruption measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the normally closed cover (1) is further provided with a safety valve (11), a lighting device (12), a monitoring device (13) and a first temperature and high voltage assembly (16);
and a second temperature and high pressure component (34) with the same type as the first temperature and high pressure component (16) is also arranged on the sample injection cover (3).
5. The lithium battery thermal runaway trigger and quick disconnect measurement device of claim 1, wherein the measurement device is a lay-flat cylindrical configuration.
6. The lithium battery thermal runaway triggering and quick interruption measuring device of claim 1, wherein different inert gases can be filled in the metal inner container (24) according to test conditions.
7. The lithium battery thermal runaway trigger and quick interrupt measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the needling assembly (4) comprises a servo motor and a steel needle employing a servo motor to control the penetration depth.
8. A lithium battery thermal runaway triggering and quick interruption method, characterized in that a measuring device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 is used, the method is:
1) Putting a lithium battery to be measured into a measuring device;
2) Heating the cavity through a built-in electric heating pipe (22), triggering thermal runaway, and stopping heating when the lithium battery is thermally runaway or meets the requirements of a preset program; or the lithium battery to be tested is punctured by the puncturing assembly (4), thermal runaway is triggered, and puncturing is stopped when the thermal runaway of the battery occurs or the preset program requirement is met;
3) After the thermal runaway process of the lithium battery reaches a preset state, cooling the lithium battery to be tested with thermal runaway through a cooling device; when the thermal runaway is interrupted and the lithium battery to be tested enters a stable state;
4) And collecting temperature data, voltage data, pressure data and gas data in the cavity, and monitoring the state of the lithium battery to be tested.
9. A lithium battery thermal runaway triggering and quick interruption method, characterized in that a measuring device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 is used, the method is:
1) Putting a lithium battery to be measured into the measuring device;
2) Leading out the anode and the cathode of the lithium battery to be tested by using a standby interface (35), charging by using external charging equipment, and triggering thermal runaway by using a preset overcharge program; stopping charging after the battery is out of control thermally or meets the requirements of a preset program;
3) After the thermal runaway process of the lithium battery reaches a preset state, cooling the lithium battery to be tested with thermal runaway through a cooling device; when the thermal runaway is interrupted and the lithium battery to be tested enters a stable state;
4) And collecting temperature data, voltage data, pressure data and gas data in the cavity, and monitoring the state of the lithium battery to be tested.
10. A lithium battery thermal runaway gas collection and test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Triggering thermal runaway and interrupting thermal runaway for a lithium battery to be tested according to any one of the methods of claim 8 or claim 9;
2) The explosion-proof valve port of the lithium battery to be tested is punctured through the needling component (4), and gas generated by the lithium battery to be tested in the thermal runaway process is released in an inert gas environment in the metal main box body (2);
3) And gas in the cavity is collected through the gas inlet and outlet electromagnetic valve (15), and gas testing is carried out by using analysis equipment.
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