CN115218934A - 基于光纤的感测膜 - Google Patents

基于光纤的感测膜 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115218934A
CN115218934A CN202210375230.0A CN202210375230A CN115218934A CN 115218934 A CN115218934 A CN 115218934A CN 202210375230 A CN202210375230 A CN 202210375230A CN 115218934 A CN115218934 A CN 115218934A
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China
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optical fiber
based sensing
sensing film
substrate
thermal
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CN202210375230.0A
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Inventor
杰弗里·斯蒂芬·格雷夫斯
文森特·勒科奇
安德烈·尚帕维尔
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Viavi Solutions Inc
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Viavi Solutions Inc
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Publication of CN115218934A publication Critical patent/CN115218934A/zh
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    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
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    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
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    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请公开了基于光纤的感测膜。根据示例,基于光纤的感测膜可以包括至少一根光纤和基底。至少一根光纤可以集成在基底中。基底可以包括厚度和材料特性,该厚度和材料特性被指定来经由至少一根光纤且针对设备来确定与设备相关联的热和/或机械特性或者与设备环境相关联的辐射水平,该设备与基底的表面连续地接合、包括嵌入设备中的基底或者包括离设备一段预定距离处的基底的表面。

Description

基于光纤的感测膜
优先权
本申请要求于2021年4月16日提交、标题为“OPTICAL FIBER-BASED SENSINGMEMBRANE LAYOUT”的共同转让和共同未决的欧洲专利申请第EP21305505.6号和于2021年4月16日提交、标题为“OPTICAL FIBER-BASED SENSING MEMBRANE”的共同转让和共同未决的欧洲专利申请第EP21305506.4号的优先权,各申请的公开内容特此通过引用被全部并入。
背景
光纤可以用于各种行业,诸如通信、医疗、军事、广播等,以传输数据和用于其他相关应用。应用的示例可以包括通过利用光纤来感测温度、机械应变、振动和/或辐射剂量。在这点上,拉曼(Raman)散射、瑞利(Rayleigh)散射和/或布里渊(Brillouin散射的原理可以被实现,用于温度、机械应变、振动和/或辐射剂量的感测。
附图简述
本公开的特征通过下面的图中所示的示例来说明。在下面的图中,相似的数字表示相似的元素,其中:
图1示出了根据本公开的示例的包括基于光纤的感测膜(optical fiber-basedsensing membrane)的电动交通工具;
图2示出了根据本公开的示例的图1的电动交通工具,其中移除了基于光纤的感测膜;
图3示出了示出根据本公开的示例的使用中的图1的基于光纤的感测膜的示意图;
图4示出了根据本公开的示例的包括预切膜(pre-cut membrane)的图1的基于光纤的感测膜的示意图;
图5示出了根据本公开的示例的包括带状构造(ribbon configuration)的图1的基于光纤的感测膜的示意图;
图6示出了根据本公开的示例的包括作为基底的电池壳体的图1的基于光纤的感测膜的示意图;
图7示出了根据本公开的示例的软包电池(pouch cell)模块的示例;
图8示出了根据本公开的示例的图7的软包电池模块的正常和鼓胀状态,以及通过利用图1的基于光纤的感测膜或光纤对软包电池模块的鼓胀的检测;
图9和图10示出了根据本公开的示例的软包电池模块的变形以及通过利用图1的基于光纤的感测膜或光纤对软包电池模块的鼓胀的检测的其他示例;以及
图11示出了根据本公开的示例的用于与图1的基于光纤的感测膜一起利用的热扩散器。
详细描述
为了简单和说明性目的,本公开主要通过参考其示例进行描述。在下面的描述中,阐述细节,以便提供对本公开的理解。然而,将明显的是,本公开可以在不限于这些细节的情况下实施。在其他情况下,尚未详细描述一些方法和结构,以免不必要地使本公开模糊。
在本公开中,术语“一(a)”和“一(an)”旨在表示特定元件中的至少一个。如本文所用,术语“包括(includes)”意味着包括但不限于,术语“包括(including)”意味着包括但不限于。术语“基于”意味着至少部分基于。
根据本文公开的示例,基于光纤的感测膜可以包括至少一根光纤和柔性基底。至少一根光纤可以集成在柔性基底中。柔性基底可以包括厚度和材料特性,其被指定来经由至少一根光纤,并且针对与柔性基底的表面连续地接合、包括嵌入设备中的柔性基底或者包括在离设备一段预定距离处的柔性基底的表面的设备,确定与该设备相关联的热和/或机械特性。机械特性的示例可以包括应变(strain)、振动和其他这样的特性。该设备可以包括,例如,电动交通工具的电池组,或者任何其他类型的待监测的平坦或弯曲结构。应用可以包括但不限于基于电池的储能电站的监测、核电站的监测以及防御设备的监测。此外,基底可以是柔性的或刚性的。例如,对于感测膜在设备上的表面应用或感测膜在设备中的嵌入式应用,光纤可以嵌入到由刚性基底形成的刚性感测膜中。根据另一示例,对于集成在诸如电池组的设备的模制部件中的光纤,光纤可以嵌入由刚性基底形成的刚性感测膜中。
对于光纤感测,通常在一些应用中,光纤可以用于监测设备的热和/或机械特性。如本文中使用的设备可以是待监测的任何类型的机器、部件、结构等。例如,对于诸如包括多个(a plurality of)电池单元的电动交通工具电池组的设备,光纤可以用于监测电池组的热和/或机械特性。在这方面,由于与例如每次需要处理设备的独立元件(例如,电池组的电池单元)时铺设、卷绕和/或附接光连接器相关的技术挑战,将光纤直接嵌入设备可能是不可行的。
为了解决至少上述技术挑战,本文公开的基于光纤的感测膜可以包括集成在柔性基底中的至少一根光纤。根据本文公开的示例,基于光纤的感测膜可以利用例如聚酰亚胺柔性体(flex)或其他此类材料。在这方面,基于光纤的感测膜还可以容纳诸如电气轨道(electrical track)、传感器和光连接器的部件,以减少与基于光纤的感测膜的使用相关联的电气配线(electrical harness)。
根据本文公开的示例,基于光纤的感测膜可以包括各种类型的布局。例如,布局可以包括单根或多根光纤、对光纤的单端或双端接入以及其他类型的布局。例如,可以通过多芯光纤和环回(loopback)光学元件来实现完全且完美的路径折叠(path folding),该多芯光纤和环回光学元件在询问器(interrogator)的远端处串联连接两个芯。
根据本文所公开的示例,基于光纤的感测膜可以包括光纤环以补偿空间分辨率。替代地或附加地,基于光纤的感测膜可以包括路径折叠或部分路径折叠以补偿光纤损耗。
根据本文公开的示例,基于光纤的感测膜可以感测与设备相关联的各种类型的参数。例如,参数可以包括温度、应变、振动、辐射剂量和其他这样的参数。
根据本文所公开的示例,基于光纤的感测膜可以通过将参数传送到光纤位置来增强检测可以是非常局部化的该参数的能力。例如,在检测具有光纤环构造的局部热点(hotspot)的情况下,可以应用热扩散器来从未被光纤覆盖的区域传递热。根据应用约束,可以使用铜扩散器或导热电绝缘材料。
根据本文公开的示例,由基于光纤的感测膜感测的不同类型的参数可以用于生成不同类型的通知或警报。例如,可以使用超过指定温度阈值的温度变化来生成第一类型的通知或警报。类似地,超过指定应变阈值(例如,由于设备损坏)的应变变化可以用于生成第二类型的通知或警报。通过分析时间演化且特别是温度或应变的变化率,也可以对电池元件的热逃逸的发生进行分类。
根据本文公开的示例,被监测的设备的元件的数量可以被按比例调节而不需要添加光连接件。例如,考虑到被监测元件的数量的增加或减少,可以根据需要修改基于光纤的感测膜的长度或构造。在这点上,一个或更多个光连接件可以用于基于光纤的感测膜,并且基于光纤的感测膜的尺寸可以根据需要增大或减小以应对多个设备,而不需要包括为每个设备包括光连接件。因此,可以为被监测的多个设备实现单个光连接,从而减少与基于光纤的感测膜的操作相关联的故障的可能性。
根据本文公开的示例,正在被监测的设备可以保持可接入,例如用于维护和其他此类活动,而不受与基于光纤的感测膜相关联的光学器件的限制。例如,基于光纤的感测膜可以被配置为寻址(address)被监测设备的指定区域,而使得设备的其他区域可用于维护和其他活动。
根据本文公开的示例,基于光纤的感测膜本身可以保持可接入,例如用于维护和其他此类活动。在这一点上,基于光纤的感测膜可以被配置为寻址被监测设备的指定区域,而使得基于光纤的感测膜的其他区域可用于维护和其他活动。
根据本文公开的示例,基于光纤的感测膜可以在相对恶劣的环境中实现。例如,基于光纤的感测膜的环境可以包括大约-40℃至140℃的相对显著的温度变化。用于感测膜的材料可以取代标准的光纤涂层,并在超出涂层熔点的情况下继续机械地保护光纤。
根据本文公开的示例,基于光纤的感测膜可以包括二维或三维构造。二维构造可以包括多根光纤,该多根光纤嵌入在基底中并被构造为二维平面结构,以匹配将针对温度和/或应变变化、振动和/或辐射剂量进行监测的设备的对应二维表面。三维构造可以包括多根光纤,该多根光纤嵌入到基底中并被构造为三维结构,以匹配将针对温度和/或应变变化、振动和/或辐射剂量进行监测的设备的对应三维形状。根据待监测的结构的尺寸、光纤系统的预算损耗和询问器的动态范围,可以用单链覆盖距离,或者用多根平行的光纤覆盖距离,多根平行的光纤可以通过光开关从单个询问器顺序地接入。
根据本文公开的示例,基于光纤的感测膜可以与光时域反射计(OTDR)一起使用,以确定与设备相关联的温度、应变和/或辐射剂量。OTDR可以表示用于表征例如基于光纤的感测膜的光纤的光电仪器。OTDR可以将一系列光脉冲注入到被测试光纤中。基于注入的光脉冲,OTDR可以从其中注入光脉冲的光纤的同一端提取从沿光纤的点散射或反射回来的光。回聚的散射光或反射光可以用于表征光纤。例如,回聚的散射光或反射光可以用于检测、定位和测量光纤的任何位置处的事件。事件可以包括在光纤的任何位置处的故障。OTDR可以测量的其他类型的特征包括衰减均匀性和衰减率、段长度以及连接器和接头(splice)的位置和插入损耗。
OTDR可以用于确定对于例如基于光纤的感测膜的光纤的布里渊迹线和瑞利迹线。在一个示例中,在初始采集中,布里渊频移和布里渊功率可以用于实现瑞利参考迹线(或更多条迹线)的绝对参考。瑞利参考迹线可以表示用于瑞利频移的后续测量的参考点。在这点上,瑞利参考迹线(或更多条迹线)的绝对参考随后可以用于通过在后续采集中使用布里渊频移和瑞利频移来确定与光纤相关联的温度和/或应变。
根据本文公开的示例,基于光纤的感测膜可以与OTDR一起使用,以基于分布式测量来确定与诸如电池组的设备相关联的温度、应变和/或振动。
根据本文所公开的实例,基于光纤的感测膜可以包括至少一根光纤和基底。至少一根光纤可以集成在基底中,并且基底可以包括厚度和材料特性。厚度和材料特性可以被指定来经由至少一根光纤,且针对与基底的表面连续地接合、包括嵌入设备中的基底或者包括在离设备一段预定距离处的基底的表面的设备,确定与该设备相关联的热和/或机械特性或者与设备环境相关联的辐射水平。
对于上面所述的基于光纤的感测膜,设备可以包括电动车辆的电池组。
对于上面所述的基于光纤的感测膜,机械特性可以包括应变和/或振动。
对于上面所述的基于光纤的感测膜,基底可以包括聚酰亚胺。
对于上面所述的基于光纤的感测膜,至少一根光纤和基底可以包括在大约200g/m2至500g/m2之间的组合重量。
对于上面所述的基于光纤的感测膜,至少一根光纤和基底可以包括小于约0.5mm的组合厚度。
对于上面所述的基于光纤的感测膜,至少一根光纤可以包括成环的单根光纤。
对于上面所述的基于光纤的感测膜,热扩散器可以将热从设备的未被基于光纤的感测膜监测的区域传递到由基于光纤的感测膜监测的区域。
根据本文所公开的示例,基于光纤的感测膜可以包括至少一根光纤和基底。至少一根光纤可以集成在基底中,并且基底可以包括厚度和材料特性。厚度和材料特性可以被指定来经由至少一根光纤确定与设备相关联的热和/或机械特性。
对于上面所述的基于光纤的感测膜,包括至少一根光纤的基底可以被形成为带状物以缠绕在设备周围。
对于上面所述的基于光纤的感测膜,包括至少一根光纤的基底可以以三维(3D)形状被形成以至少部分地包围设备。
根据本文所公开的示例,一种方法可以包括将基于光纤的感测膜嵌入设备中或将基于光纤的感测膜与设备连续地接合。基于光纤的感测膜可以包括至少一根光纤和基底。至少一根光纤可以集成在基底中,并且基底可以包括厚度和材料特性。该方法还可以包括经由嵌入的或连续地接合的基于光纤的感测膜确定与设备相关联的热和/或机械特性。
对于上面所述的方法,该设备可以包括软包电池模块,该软包电池模块包括基于软包电池模块中的热变化而膨胀或收缩的至少一个软包。在这点上,经由嵌入的或连续地接合的基于光纤的感测膜确定与设备相关联的热和/或机械特性还可以包括经由连续地接合的基于光纤的感测膜确定机械特性,该机械特性包括基于由于与设备相关联的热变化而引起的至少一个软包的膨胀的应变。
对于上面所述的方法,该设备可以包括软包电池模块,该软包电池模块包括基于软包电池模块中的热变化而膨胀的至少一个板。在这点上,经由嵌入的或连续地接合的基于光纤的感测膜确定与设备相关联的热和/或机械特性还可以包括经由连续地接合的基于光纤的感测膜确定机械特性,该机械特性包括基于由于与设备相关联的热变化而引起的至少一个板的膨胀的应变。该板可以包括弯曲剖面。
对于上面所述的方法,该设备可以包括软包电池模块,该软包电池模块包括基于软包电池模块中的热变化而移动的至少一个活塞。在这点上,经由嵌入的或连续地接合的基于光纤的感测膜确定与设备相关联的热和/或机械特性还可以包括经由连续地接合的基于光纤的感测膜确定机械特性,该机械特性包括基于由于与设备相关联的热变化而引起的至少一个活塞的移动的应变。在这点上,机械特性可以包括基于至少一个活塞的移动的应变,该移动起因于由于与设备相关联的热变化而引起的相关联软包的膨胀。
对于上面所述的方法,该方法还可以包括利用热扩散器来将热从设备的未被基于光纤的感测膜监测的区域传递到由基于光纤的感测膜监测的区域。
图1示出了根据本公开的示例的包括基于光纤的感测膜102(以下称为“感测膜102”)的电动交通工具100。参照图1,电动交通工具100可以包括设置在诸如电池组104的设备上的感测膜102。
电动交通工具100可以包括其它已知部件,例如用于冷却交通工具的热系统106、辅助电池108、机载电池充电器110、交通工具变速器112、用于电池组104的充电端口114、转换器116、电力电子控制器118和电力牵引电动机120。
图2示出了根据本公开的示例的图1的电动交通工具100,其中移除了基于光纤的感测膜102。
参照图2,示出了移除感测膜102时的电池组104。在这点上,电池组104可以包括如所示的多个电池单元200。感测膜102可以被配置成感测与电池组104的一个、几个或全部电池单元200相关联的热和/或应变变化,和/或振动。
图3示出了示出根据本公开的示例的使用中的基于光纤的感测膜102的示意图。
参照图3,基于光纤的感测膜102可以包括集成在粘合剂基底(adhesivesubstrate)中的至少一根光纤。在图3的示例中,如放大视图所示,多根光纤300可以集成在粘合剂基底302中。
在图3的示例中,感测膜可以在图3的取向上设置在电池组104的上表面和下表面上。电池组104可以包括多个电池单元。在所示的示例中,电池单元可以包括在图3的取向上的上组电池单元和下组电池单元之间的冷却系统304。上部感测膜和下部感测膜以及电池组104可以封装在外壳中,外壳的上部层306和下部层308以图3的取向示出。
对于图3的示例,在310处的感测膜102可以用于感测在312处的上部电池单元的热和/或应变变化和/或振动,并且在314处的感测膜102可以用于感测在316处的下部电池单元的热和/或应变变化和/或振动。
粘合剂基底可以包括聚酰亚胺或其他此类材料。聚酰亚胺材料可以针对与电池组104和/或可与感测膜102接合的其他部件相关联的振动提供必要的耐久性。类似地,聚酰亚胺材料可以针对与电池组104和/或其他部件相关联的温度变化提供必要的耐久性,该温度变化可以大约为-40℃至140℃,或包括比-40℃至140℃更大的范围。此外,聚酰亚胺材料可以提供与表面变化相关联的必要柔性,该表面变化与电池组104和/或可与感测膜102接合的其他部件相关联。聚酰亚胺材料也可以是透明的,并因此提供足够的光到光纤中的传输,用于检测光或与电池组104相关联的异常(例如,高温事件)。
感测膜102可以是轻质的(例如,200-500g/m2)。在这一点上,感测膜102可以向针对热和/或应变变化和/或振动进行监测的设备增加最小的重量。
感测膜102可以约为0.5mm,因此最小化关于被监测热和/或应变变化和/或振动的设备的集成挑战。就此而言,嵌入感测膜102中的光纤的厚度可以约为0.25mm。对于包括光纤交叉的光纤的几何图案,可以在组装了感测膜之后,例如通过压力和高于光纤涂层的熔点的温度的组合作用来处理这样的光纤,而感测膜材料不受影响。因此,0.5mm的总厚度可以因此增加与电池组104相关联的最小厚度。为了减少在每个光纤交叉处施加到光纤上的微弯曲(micro-bends)的目的,可以应用相同的工艺。数千微弯曲的累积可能诱发衰减。
继续参考图3,示出了用于评估基于分布式温度感测询问器(DTS)318(在本文中也称为分布式温度传感器)和光纤感测膜320的分布式温度感测系统的性能的测试设置的一个示例,并且其可以被用来感测温度,但也可以使用分布式应变感测询问器替换DTS来感测应变变化。就这一点而言,可包括OTDR的分布式温度感测询问器318可以与本文所公开的感测膜102的各种示例一起使用。
感测膜102可以提供对电池组104的整个表面的监测。在这点上,感测膜102可以形成所需尺寸以监测电池组104的部分或整个表面。
感测膜102可以是可缩放的,以测量与小组单元相关联的温度和/或应变变化和/或振动。例如,多个感测膜可以用于测量与对应组的单元相关联的温度和/或应变变化和/或振动。
感测膜102可以是类似地可缩放的,以测量对电池组104的电池单元和/或对电池组104的外壳的机械损坏。在这点上,对电池单元和/或外壳的超过指定量的任何机械损坏可以由感测膜102确定为应变变化。
感测膜102可以是单端的,以包括单个光连接器。在这点上,单个光连接器可以连接到感测膜102的单根光纤,其中单根光纤可以以各种图案被构造,例如与环回平行、锯齿状的、弯曲的等,以覆盖感测膜102的整个区域。
图4示出了根据本公开的示例的包括预切膜的基于光纤的感测膜102的示意图。
参考图4,根据本文所公开的示例,感测膜102可以在其一个或多个端部处包括多个预切膜400。每个预切膜可以包括可以可移除地固定到电池408的区域404或406的粘合中心402。电池408可以具有用于电动交通工具的类型,并且可以包括平面区域410和凸起区域412。在图4的示例中,预切膜400可以是交错的(staggered),使得当感测膜102被铺设到电池408上时,粘合中心被固定到区域,例如区域404或406。例如,预切膜400可以被交错以便于附着到在416处成环的多根光纤414。光纤414可以例如在图4的取向上在左手侧上彼此互连,使得每一根光纤414互连以形成感测膜102。在这点上,整个电池408可以由包括一个光连接器的单根光纤跨距覆盖。感测膜102可以包括相对平坦的构造以便于储存。此外,相对平坦的构造可以提供对电池408的模块性的维护。
图5示出了根据本公开的示例的包括带状构造的基于光纤的感测膜102的示意图。
参考图5,对于带状构造500,基于光纤的感测膜102可以如所示以锯齿状方式缠绕在电池502周围。例如,单个带状物可以如所示以锯齿状方式缠绕在四个电池周围。
图6示出了根据本公开的示例的包括作为基底的电池壳体的基于光纤的感测膜102的示意图。
参考图6,根据本文所公开的示例,基于光纤的感测膜102可以利用电池壳体作为基底。在这点上,光纤600可以粘附或层压到电池壳体外罩602的表面而不考虑电池壳体外罩的材料,或者直接模制到电池壳体外罩内(在电池壳体外罩的塑料或复合材料的情况下)。
图7示出了根据本公开的示例的软包电池模块的示例。图8示出了根据本公开的示例的图7的软包电池模块的正常和鼓胀状态以及通过利用感测膜102或光纤对软包电池模块的鼓胀的检测。图9和图10示出了根据本公开的示例的软包电池模块的变形以及通过利用感测膜102或光纤对软包电池模块的鼓胀的检测的其他示例。
接下来参考图7至图9,应变监测可以允许检测在设备例如电池单元且更具体地软包电池模块中的气体的产生。具有内部压力的电池单元的相关联隆起可能由故障引起,且它的早期检测可以防止随后的热逃逸。关于感测膜102,在一个示例中,在感测膜102中的光纤或光纤可以不在电池单元组装过程中并且进一步在设备例如软包电池模块中被集成(避免进入软包电池模块和从软包电池模块出来的光连接)。在这点上,感测膜102(或如本文所公开的光纤本身)可以用于检测在软包电池模块外部的压力。
参考图7,自由空间可以在一些类型的软包电池模块(例如软包电池模块700)中是可得到的,这些软包电池模块是热密封的,且因此在三个边缘上并且可能在两个正交尺寸上更窄。在这点上,感测膜102(或如本文所公开的光纤本身)可以用于测量在软包电池模块700外部的压力。在一个示例中,填充有液体的软包702可以放置在软包电池模块700的软包电池704之间的自由空间中。在这点上,图7显示了示出软包702(挖剪和完整)和软包电池704(挖剪和完整)的剖视图,软包702和软包电池704中的每个在软包电池模块700中交替。
如图8中所示,其示出软包电池模块700在800处的正常状态和在802处的鼓胀状态,软包可以在压力的作用下膨胀,并且例如在804处通过外罩的专用窗口806突出到软包电池模块的外部。在这点上,感测膜102(或如本文所公开的光纤本身)可以布置在专用窗口806处,以测量来自软包的膨胀的应变。
在另一示例中,如图9所示,包括软包电池902的软包电池模块900可以包括放置在软包电池902之间的自由空间中的特定异形(specifically profiled)(例如,弯曲的)板904。在这种情况下,在箭头906和908的方向上在板904上的横向压力(例如,由于软包电池902的热膨胀)可以在908处的纵向方向上使板904膨胀,以便通过专用壳体窗口910突出到软包电池模块的外部。对于板904,大约10%的膨胀是可达到的,以允许在厘米级上的移动。感测膜102(或如本文所公开的光纤本身)可以布置在专用窗口910处,以测量来自板904的膨胀的应变。
参考图10,图10的示例可以实现下面的原理:电池软包单独地可以足够膨胀并驱动活塞1000或会突出到软包电池模块1002的外部的任何机构。软包1004可以被优化(例如,包括如所示的扩大的区域)以增强在目标位置处的膨胀,以驱动在感测膜102的光纤(或光纤本身,代替如本文所公开的感测膜102)上的预期移动和弯曲损耗。因此,当软包电池1006膨胀时,软包1004可以类似地在图10的取向上向上膨胀以向上推动活塞1000,其中在感测膜102的光纤(或光纤本身,代替如本文所公开的感测膜102)中引起的应变可以如本文所公开的被感测。在软包电池在图10的取向上从上面变形的情况下,移位可以用于压在安装在软包电池模块的盖中的机械设备上。
对于图7至图10的示例,在软包的外部和在压力传送部件的前面,感测膜102或光纤本身(例如,没有感测膜102或在感测膜102之后串联)可以放置在如图7至图10所示的专用路径(例如凹槽)中。感测膜102可以由围绕光纤的涂层(例如900μm缓冲区)形成,或者包括涂层(例如900μm缓冲区)的光纤可以布置在聚酰亚胺带状物中,并在所有软包和软包电池模块当中循环。在使用光纤本身的一个示例中,光纤可以在感测膜102之后串联地绞接,使得光纤可以用探测感测膜102的相同反射计被监测。突出的压力软包或板的移动可以迫使光纤(或感测膜102)进入被校准的弯曲部内,并且将被检测为在反射测量轨迹上的损耗。不同的弯曲量可以表示不同的损耗类型(例如,第一弯曲量可以表示第一类型的热事件,第二弯曲量可以表示第二类型的热事件,等等)。在OTDR上的中等空间分辨率可以用于检测哪个软包电池模块具有鼓胀软包并采取适当的预防行动。不同的预防行动可以对应于不同的弯曲量。
图11示出了根据本公开的示例的用于与基于光纤的感测膜102一起利用的热扩散器。
参考图1和图11,基于光纤的感测膜102可以通过将参数传送到光纤位置来增强检测可以是非常局部化的该参数的能力。例如,在检测具有光纤环构造的局部热点的情况下,可以应用热扩散器1100从未被光纤(例如图3的光纤300)覆盖的区域传递热。根据应用约束,可以使用铜扩散器或导热电绝缘材料。
本文所描述和说明的是示例及其一些变体。本文使用的术语、描述和附图仅通过说明的方式来阐述,而不意味着限制。在本主题的精神和范围内可以有许多变化,本主题旨在由所附权利要求及其等同物来定义,其中所有术语都是指其最广泛的合理含义,除非另有说明。

Claims (20)

1.一种基于光纤的感测膜,包括:
至少一根光纤;以及
基底,其中
所述至少一根光纤集成在所述基底中,
所述基底包括厚度和材料特性,以及
所述厚度和材料特性被指定来经由所述至少一根光纤和针对以下设备来确定与所述设备相关联的热特性或机械特性中的至少一个或与设备环境相关联的辐射水平,所述设备:
与所述基底的表面连续地接合,
包括嵌入所述设备中的所述基底,或
包括离所述设备一段预定距离处的所述基底的表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于光纤的感测膜,其中,所述设备包括电动交通工具的电池组。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于光纤的感测膜,其中,所述机械特性包括应变或振动中的至少一个。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于光纤的感测膜,其中,所述基底包括聚酰亚胺。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于光纤的感测膜,其中,所述至少一根光纤和所述基底包括在大约200g/m2至500g/m2之间的组合重量。
6.根据权利要求1所述的基于光纤的感测膜,其中,所述至少一根光纤和所述基底包括小于大约0.5mm的组合厚度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的基于光纤的感测膜,其中,所述至少一根光纤包括成环的单根光纤。
8.根据权利要求7所述的基于光纤的感测膜,还包括热扩散器,所述热扩散器用于将热从所述设备的未被所述基于光纤的感测膜监测的区域传递到由所述基于光纤的感测膜监测的区域。
9.一种基于光纤的感测膜,包括:
至少一根光纤;以及
基底,其中
所述至少一根光纤集成在所述基底中,
所述基底包括厚度和材料特性,以及
所述厚度和材料特性被指定来经由所述至少一根光纤确定与设备相关联的热特性或机械特性中的至少一个。
10.根据权利要求9所述的基于光纤的感测膜,其中,所述设备包括电动交通工具的电池组。
11.根据权利要求9所述的基于光纤的感测膜,其中,包括所述至少一根光纤的所述基底被形成为带状物以缠绕在所述设备周围。
12.根据权利要求9所述的基于光纤的感测膜,其中,包括所述至少一根光纤的所述基底以三维(3D)形状被形成,以至少部分地包围所述设备。
13.一种方法,包括:
将基于光纤的感测膜嵌入设备中或将所述基于光纤的感测膜与所述设备连续地接合,其中所述基于光纤的感测膜包括:
至少一根光纤;以及
基底,其中
所述至少一根光纤集成在所述基底中,以及
所述基底包括厚度和材料特性;以及
经由嵌入的或连续地接合的基于光纤的感测膜确定与所述设备相关联的热特性或机械特性中的至少一个。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述设备包括电动交通工具的电池组。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述设备包括软包电池模块,所述软包电池模块包括基于所述软包电池模块中的热变化而膨胀或收缩的至少一个软包,以及
其中,经由嵌入的或连续地接合的基于光纤的感测膜确定与所述设备相关联的热特性或机械特性中的至少一个还包括:
经由所述连续地接合的基于光纤的感测膜确定所述机械特性,所述机械特性包括基于由于与所述设备相关联的热变化而引起的所述至少一个软包的膨胀的应变。
16.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述设备包括软包电池模块,所述软包电池模块包括基于所述软包电池模块中的热变化而膨胀的至少一个板,以及
其中,经由嵌入的或连续地接合的基于光纤的感测膜确定与所述设备相关联的热特性或机械特性中的至少一个还包括:
经由所述连续地接合的基于光纤的感测膜确定所述机械特性,所述机械特性包括基于由于与所述设备相关联的热变化而引起的所述至少一个板的膨胀的应变。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中,所述至少一个板包括弯曲剖面。
18.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述设备包括软包电池模块,所述软包电池模块包括基于所述软包电池模块中的热变化而移动的至少一个活塞,以及
其中,经由嵌入的或连续地接合的基于光纤的感测膜确定与所述设备相关联的热特性或机械特性中的至少一个还包括:
经由连续地接合的基于光纤的感测膜确定所述机械特性,所述机械特性包括基于由于与所述设备相关联的热变化而引起的所述至少一个活塞的移动的应变。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其中,经由连续地接合的基于光纤的感测膜确定包括基于由于与所述设备相关联的热变化而引起的所述至少一个活塞的移动的应变的所述机械特性还包括:
经由连续地接合的基于光纤的感测膜确定所述机械特性,所述机械特定包括基于所述至少一个活塞的移动的应变,该移动起因于由于与所述设备相关联的热变化而引起的相关联软包的膨胀。
20.根据权利要求13所述的方法,还包括:
利用热扩散器来将热从所述设备的未被所述基于光纤的感测膜监测的区域传递到由所述基于光纤的感测膜监测的区域。
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