CN115213584A

CN115213584A - Cavitation erosion resistant high manganese aluminum bronze welding wire for repairing propeller and manufacturing method

Info

Publication number: CN115213584A
Application number: CN202211074468.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭纯; 胡瑞章; 李云; 陈丰
Original assignee: Anhui University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Anhui University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2022-09-03
Filing date: 2022-09-03
Publication date: 2022-10-21
Anticipated expiration: 2042-09-03
Also published as: CN115213584B

Abstract

A cavitation erosion resistant high manganese aluminum bronze welding wire for repairing a propeller comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 10.0 to 14.5 percent of Mn, 6.5 to 9.0 percent of Al, 1.5 to 4.5 percent of Fe, 1.0 to 3.5 percent of Ni, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of Ti, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of Nb, 0.10 to 0.25 percent of Te, 0.02 to 0.05 percent of La, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of P, the balance of Cu, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.0 to 1.4mm. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: weighing raw materials, smelting at 1050-1250 ℃ in an up-drawing furnace, melting, up-drawing at 1100-1200 ℃ to obtain a copper rod, drawing the copper rod by using a wire drawing machine, wherein the draw reduction ratio is 20%, performing on-line annealing after drawing, wherein the annealing temperature is 650-800 ℃, obtaining a welding wire rough material, removing oxide skin on the surface of the welding wire rough material, and drawing by using the wire drawing machine to obtain a finished welding wire, wherein the diameter of the finished welding wire is 1.0-1.4 mm. The welding wire is suitable for repair welding repair of the corrosion pit on the surface of the propeller and is suitable for pure argon gas shielded welding. The welding process is good, and the mechanical property is stable. And the preparation method has simple steps and convenient processing, and is suitable for popularization in the industry.

Description

Cavitation erosion resistant high manganese aluminum bronze welding wire for repairing propeller and manufacturing method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a cavitation erosion resistant high manganese aluminum bronze welding wire for repairing a propeller and a manufacturing method thereof.

Background

A propeller, which is an important propulsion device of a ship, is subject to corrosion in seawater and cavitation corrosion. Cavitation erosion refers to the process of cavitation caused by the nucleation, growth and collapse of bubbles due to the pressure fluctuation inside the liquid, resulting in the damage of the material. In addition, there is an interaction between cavitation erosion and corrosion that accelerates the failure of the material. Therefore, marine propeller materials are required to have excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Copper and its alloy have excellent sea water corrosion resistance, and manganese brass, high manganese aluminum bronze and nickel aluminum bronze are 3 kinds of copper alloys widely used in marine ship propellers. The manganese brass has good cold and hot processing bearing capacity, good corrosion resistance in seawater, chloride and superheated steam, low manufacturing cost, easy occurrence of dezincification corrosion, further reduced mechanical property and cavitation corrosion resistance, and is used for manufacturing low-speed propellers. High manganese aluminum bronze and nickel aluminum bronze are two kinds of aluminum bronze added with Mn, fe and Ni. The nickel-aluminum bronze has the advantages of high strength, good fracture toughness, seawater cavitation corrosion resistance, seawater corrosion resistance and the like, is widely applied to propeller materials, but has higher manufacturing cost. Compared with manganese brass, the high manganese aluminum bronze has higher mechanical property and seawater corrosion resistance; compared with nickel-aluminum bronze, it has better welding, hot working and casting properties. The high manganese aluminum bronze is a high-strength copper alloy, which is formed by adding multi-element alloy of manganese, aluminum, iron, nickel, titanium and the like and rare earth for modification treatment on the basis of common aluminum bronze, so that the matrix structure is strengthened, fine hard phases are uniformly distributed on a tough matrix, and the strength of the high manganese aluminum bronze is further improved without reducing the plasticity of the high manganese aluminum bronze. The high manganese aluminum bronze material has high strength, hardness, toughness, wear resistance and the like, and has good comprehensive mechanical properties. The high manganese aluminum bronze material has good corrosion resistance in atmosphere, fresh water and seawater, resists high-speed seawater scouring and has high corrosion fatigue strength, and because the electrode potential of the high manganese aluminum bronze material is higher, more importantly, a firm alumina film can be generated on the surface of the material, and once the film is damaged, the film can be self-healed to form a film again for covering, so the high manganese aluminum bronze material has good corrosion resistance. The high manganese aluminum bronze alloy has good casting performance and can be welded, so the high manganese aluminum bronze material is one of the main materials for manufacturing large propellers in various countries in the world and is sometimes used as equipment parts of offshore oil platforms, seawater pipeline systems and the like. The high manganese aluminum bronze material is also widely applied to steel rolling equipment and other metallurgical machinery, and can well meet the requirements of production working conditions when being used for manufacturing slide blocks, slide plates, bearing bushes, shaft sleeves, nuts and the like.

The large marine propeller generally comprises a hub, blades, a blade root, a trailing edge, a blade tip and a leading edge, and is manufactured by casting and machining technologies. The marine propeller is soaked in seawater for a long time and must face a high-salt corrosion environment, bubbles are generated in water when the propeller moves and the blades rotate, and the bubbles float upwards to cause the surfaces of the blades to be in vacuum, so that the surfaces of the blades are in honeycomb pits, namely the cavitation corrosion mentioned above. Therefore, the marine propeller needs to be repaired regularly, and the main method for repairing the marine propeller is to repair and weld the corrosion pits on the surface of the propeller.

Patent application No. CN202122759938.X discloses a high manganese aluminum bronze alloy propeller, patent application No. CN202123196259.2 discloses a zirconium, scandium and strontium composite microalloyed high manganese aluminum bronze alloy propeller, patent application No. CN202010713956.1 discloses a high manganese aluminum bronze alloy propeller with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance and a manufacturing method thereof, and patent application No. CN201810567597.6 discloses a high manganese aluminum bronze alloy propeller.

The application is only used for manufacturing and welding the propeller, but no research is carried out on repair welding of the corrosion pits on the surface of the propeller, so that the special high-manganese aluminum green welding wire for repairing the propeller is a problem to be solved urgently in the field of modern shipbuilding.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the first technical problem of providing a cavitation erosion resistant high manganese aluminum bronze welding wire for repairing a propeller, which is suitable for repairing and repairing erosion pits on the surface of the propeller and is suitable for welding under the protection of pure argon. The welding manufacturability is good, and the mechanical property is stable.

The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the manufacturing method of the cavitation erosion resistant high manganese aluminum bronze welding wire for repairing the propeller, which has the advantages of simple steps and convenient processing, and is suitable for popularization in the industry.

In order to solve the first technical problem, the invention provides a cavitation erosion resistant high manganese aluminum bronze welding wire for repairing a propeller, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 10.0 to 14.5 percent of Mn, 6.5 to 9.0 percent of Al, 1.5 to 4.5 percent of Fe, 1.0 to 3.5 percent of Ni, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of Ti, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of Nb, 0.10 to 0.25 percent of Te, 0.02 to 0.05 percent of La, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of P, the balance of Cu, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.0 to 1.4mm.

For the sake of simplicity, the cavitation erosion resistant high-manganese aluminum bronze welding wire for repairing the propeller is simply referred to as the welding wire.

The welding wire has the following formula analysis and advantages:

the welding wire is added with 10.0-14.5% of Mn. Mn is a main alloy element of the high manganese aluminum bronze, the Mn element plays roles of deoxidation and solid solution strengthening in the welding process, the addition of the Mn element can also shorten an alpha phase region and reduce the eutectoid transformation temperature of beta phase, thereby inhibiting the decomposition of the beta phase, reducing the generation of gamma 2 phase, leading the room temperature structure of the copper alloy to be still alpha + beta, further improving the strength and the corrosion resistance of the copper alloy and effectively improving the service performance of the copper alloy. When the amount of Mn added is less than 10.0%, the effects of deoxidation and solid solution strengthening cannot be well achieved, but when the amount of Mn is too high, the weld metal contains a large amount of inclusions, thereby degrading the properties of the copper alloy. Therefore, the Mn content in the welding wire is properly controlled within the range of 10.0-14.5 percent.

6.5 to 9.0 percent of Al is added into the welding wire. Al is one of main alloy elements of the high-manganese aluminum bronze, cu3Mn2Al intermetallic compounds can be generated, the strength and the wear resistance of the copper alloy are improved, the content of Al is increased, alpha phases in a high-manganese aluminum bronze structure are obviously reduced, alpha phases precipitated from beta phases are lengthened, and the tendency of lamellar shape is increased. The influence of the Al content on the hardness is obvious, the Cu3Mn2Al phase in the structure is increased along with the increase of the Al content, the Cu3Mn2Al has the characteristics of high melting point, high hardness and large brittleness, the hardness of the alloy is increased, but the plasticity of the copper alloy is reduced due to the high Al content, so that the control of the Al content in the welding wire in the range of 6.5-9.0% is proper.

The welding wire is added with 1.5 to 3.5 percent of Fe. Fe is one of the main alloy elements of the high manganese aluminum bronze, the needle-shaped FeAl3 phase formed by the addition of the Fe element and the Al element in the copper alloy can improve the strength of the copper alloy, the toughness of the copper alloy can be improved by the needle-shaped iron-aluminum intermetallic compound, and the addition of the Fe element can play a role in refining grains and improving mechanical properties. However, when the amount of Fe is excessive, the harmful characteristics of Fe are increased, the Fe is condensed and enriched in the copper alloy when the molten pool is solidified in the welding process, and intergranular fracture of the copper alloy along the enriched region of Fe is generated when a force is applied, so that the plasticity and strength of the copper alloy are reduced. Therefore, the content of Fe in the welding wire is properly controlled within the range of 1.5-4.5 percent.

The welding wire is added with 1.0 to 3.5 percent of Ni. The addition of Ni element can improve the plasticity and toughness of the copper alloy, ni can be dissolved in alpha phase to play a role in solid solution strengthening, crystal grains can be refined, and the strength of the copper alloy is improved. Ni is stable to moisture, non-oxidizing acids, alkaline and salt solutions, organic acids, and dry gases such as oxygen, chlorine, sulfur dioxide, and carbon, does not present the risk of stress cracking corrosion, and has less tendency to produce selective and pitting corrosion, so the addition of Ni can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of the copper alloy. However, if the amount of Ni added exceeds the solid solution concentration limit, the copper alloy will produce excessive intermetallic nickel-aluminide, which is a hard and brittle phase and will be distributed in the α -phase grain boundary, resulting in a decrease in ductility and corrosion resistance. Therefore, in the present invention, the Ni content is preferably controlled within a range of 1.0% to 3.5%.

0.2-0.4% of Ti is added in the welding wire, and a certain amount of Ti can refine crystal grains and improve the hardness of a matrix structure. The Ti can be preferentially combined with impurity elements such as O, C and the like in the copper alloy to play the corrosion resistance of the copper alloy. However, when the Ti content exceeds a certain range, the Ti compound content increases, and the hardness of the matrix decreases. Therefore, the Ti content in the welding wire is preferably controlled to be 0.2-0.4%.

0.2 to 0.3 percent of Nb is added into the welding wire. The addition of Nb is a measure commonly used for improving the corrosion resistance of the alloy, for example, nb is often added into titanium alloy and stainless steel to improve the corrosion resistance, and the addition of Nb enhances the corrosion resistance of high manganese aluminum bronze, and the uniform corrosion rate is about 15.7 percent lower than that of the original material. The addition of Nb can also increase the number of alpha phases and obviously reduce the size, can obviously reduce the area of a (beta + gamma 2) two-phase mixing region, and has a promoting effect on eutectoid transformation beta → alpha + gamma 2. The melting point of Nb is much higher than that of copper alloy, the mutual solubility of Nb and Cu is low, and Nb is precipitated in the form of heterogeneous nucleation points during cooling solidification, so that the structure of the copper alloy is refined. Nb has an effect of promoting the formation of an α phase and refining the structure. Therefore, the amount of Nb added in the wire is preferably controlled to 0.2 to 0.4%.

0.1 to 0.25 percent of Te is added into the welding wire. Te as an alloy element has the effect of improving the corrosion resistance of the copper alloy. Cu and Te are mutually soluble in liquid state, eutectic reaction is carried out at 1050 ℃, te is almost completely insoluble in copper at 800 ℃, the solid solution content is not more than 0.01 percent, and the Te exists in the copper in the form of a copper-tellurium compound. Because Te is not easy to dissolve in copper, the Te is combined with the copper to form a Cu2Te compound, and the effect of dispersion strengthening can be achieved. The addition of Te can improve the cutting and processing properties of the copper alloy, and is beneficial to the subsequent drawing of the copper alloy welding wire. Therefore, the amount of Te added in the wire is preferably controlled to 0.1 to 0.25%.

0.02-0.05% of La is added into the welding wire. The La element can effectively improve the binding force and stability of a copper alloy surface corrosion product film and a matrix and reduce cracks in the corrosion product. The La element can form a La2O3 film in the cavitation corrosion process of the copper alloy, and can inhibit cathode reaction and enhance the dielectric property of a surface film so as to improve the corrosion resistance of the copper alloy. Therefore, the amount of La added to the wire is preferably controlled to 0.02 to 0.05%.

0.01 to 0.03 percent of P is added into the welding wire. The P element mainly plays roles of degassing, deoxidizing and refining grains in the copper alloy smelting process. An excess of P is a harmful element. Therefore, the amount of P added in the wire is preferably controlled to 0.01 to 0.03%.

The welding wire prepared according to the formula is suitable for repair welding and repairing of the corrosion pits on the surface of the propeller and is suitable for pure argon gas shielded welding. The welding manufacturability is good, and the mechanical property is stable.

In order to solve the second technical problem, the invention provides a manufacturing method of the cavitation erosion resistant high manganese aluminum bronze welding wire for repairing the propeller, which comprises the following steps:

(1) Weighing raw materials in proportion, putting the raw materials into an upward-drawing furnace for smelting, carrying out smelting at 1050-1250 ℃, carrying out upward-drawing at 1100-1200 ℃ after the smelting to obtain a copper rod, and coiling the copper rod into a coil by a wire-rewinding machine;

(2) Drawing the copper rod obtained by drawing in the step (1) by using a drawing machine, wherein the drawing reduction ratio is 20%, and performing online annealing after drawing, wherein the annealing temperature is 650-800 ℃ to obtain a coarse material of the welding wire;

(3) Removing oxide skin on the surface of the welding wire coarse material, and drawing by using a wire drawing machine to obtain a finished welding wire, wherein the diameter of the finished welding wire is 1.0-1.4 mm.

For the sake of simplicity of explanation, the method for manufacturing the cavitation erosion resistant high manganese aluminum bronze welding wire for repairing the propeller is simply referred to as the method below.

The method has the advantages that: the method has simple steps and convenient processing, and the prepared welding wire is suitable for repair welding repair of the corrosion pits on the surface of the propeller and is suitable for pure argon gas shielded welding. The welding process is good, and mechanical properties is stable, is fit for promoting in industry.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure view of a weld according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an EBSD view of a weld metal according to the first embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the electromotive potential polarization curve test results of the first and second embodiments of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The first embodiment is as follows:

a cavitation erosion resistant high manganese aluminum bronze welding wire for repairing a propeller comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 10.0% of Mn, 7.5% of Al, 2.5% of Fe, 1.0% of Ni, 0.4% of Ti, 0.25% of Nb, 0.25% of Te, 0.05% of La, 0.03% of P and the balance of Cu.

A manufacturing method of a cavitation erosion resistant high manganese aluminum bronze welding wire for repairing a propeller comprises the following steps:

(1) Weighing raw materials in proportion, putting the raw materials into an upward-drawing furnace for smelting, performing smelting at 1150 ℃, performing upward-drawing at 1100 ℃ after smelting to obtain a copper rod, and coiling the copper rod into a disc by a wire-rewinding machine;

(2) Drawing the copper rod obtained by drawing in the step (1) by using a drawing machine, wherein the drawing reduction ratio is 20%, and performing online annealing after drawing, wherein the annealing temperature is 700 ℃ to obtain a coarse material of the welding wire;

(3) Removing oxide skin on the surface of the coarse material of the welding wire, and drawing by using a wire drawing machine to obtain a finished welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm.

Example two:

a cavitation erosion resistant high manganese aluminum bronze welding wire for repairing a propeller comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 14.5% of Mn, 6.5% of Al, 1.5% of Fe, 3.5% of Ni, 0.2% of Ti, 0.3% of Nb, 0.10% of Te, 0.03% of La, 0.02% of P and the balance of Cu.

(1) Weighing raw materials in proportion, putting the raw materials into an upward-drawing furnace for smelting, performing smelting at 1250 ℃, performing upward-drawing at 1200 ℃ after the smelting to obtain a copper rod, and coiling the copper rod into a disc by a wire-rewinding machine;

(2) Drawing the copper rod obtained by the drawing in the step (1) by using a drawing machine, wherein the drawing reduction ratio is 20%, and performing online annealing after drawing, wherein the annealing temperature is 650 ℃ to obtain a welding wire coarse material;

(3) Removing oxide skin on the surface of the welding wire coarse material, and drawing by using a wire drawing machine to obtain a finished welding wire with the diameter of 1.0mm.

Example three:

a cavitation erosion resistant high manganese aluminum bronze welding wire for repairing a propeller comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 13% of Mn, 9.0% of Al, 4.5% of Fe, 2.0% of Ni, 0.3% of Ti, 0.2% of Nb, 0.15% of Te, 0.02% of La, 0.01% of P and the balance of Cu.

(1) Weighing raw materials in proportion, putting the raw materials into an upward-drawing furnace for smelting, carrying out the smelting at 1200 ℃, carrying out upward-drawing at 1150 ℃ after the smelting to obtain a copper rod, and coiling the copper rod into a disc by a wire-rewinding machine;

(2) Drawing the copper rod obtained by the drawing in the step (1) by using a drawing machine, wherein the drawing reduction ratio is 20%, and annealing on line after drawing, wherein the annealing temperature is 750 ℃ to obtain a welding wire rough material;

(3) Removing oxide skin on the surface of the coarse material of the welding wire, and drawing by using a wire drawing machine to obtain a finished welding wire with the diameter of 1.4mm.

In order to further characterize the inventive effect of the present application, performance analysis and actual welding experiments were performed on the welding wires prepared in the above three embodiments.

The performance parameters of the cavitation erosion resistant high manganese aluminum bronze welding wire for repairing the propeller prepared by the three embodiments are shown in the table 1, and the actual welding process parameters are shown in the table 2.

The metallographic structure of the weld metal of the first embodiment is shown in fig. 1, the EBSD result of the weld metal of the first embodiment is shown in fig. 2, and the potentiodynamic polarization curve test result of the first embodiment and the second embodiment is shown in fig. 3.

TABLE 1 mechanical Properties of weld wire deposited metals of examples of the present invention

TABLE 2 welding wire welding process parameters of the present invention examples

As can be seen from tables 1 and 2 and attached figures 1 to 3, the welding wire prepared by the embodiment has good welding manufacturability and stable mechanical property.

Claims

1. The cavitation erosion resistant high manganese aluminum bronze welding wire for repairing the propeller is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 10.0 to 14.5 percent of Mn, 6.5 to 9.0 percent of Al, 1.5 to 4.5 percent of Fe, 1.0 to 3.5 percent of Ni, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of Ti, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of Nb, 0.10 to 0.25 percent of Te, 0.02 to 0.05 percent of La, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of P, the balance of Cu, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.0 to 1.4mm.

2. The manufacturing method of the cavitation erosion resistant high manganese aluminum bronze welding wire for repairing the propeller as recited in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Weighing raw materials in proportion, putting the raw materials into an upward-drawing furnace for smelting, carrying out the smelting at 1050-1250 ℃, carrying out upward drawing at 1100-1200 ℃ after the smelting to obtain a copper rod, and coiling the copper rod into a disc by a wire-rewinding machine;

(3) Removing oxide skin on the surface of the coarse material of the welding wire, and drawing by using a wire drawing machine to obtain a finished welding wire, wherein the diameter of the finished welding wire is 1.0-1.4 mm.