CN115213421A - Steel powder atomization system for short-process 3D printing and atomization method thereof - Google Patents
Steel powder atomization system for short-process 3D printing and atomization method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115213421A CN115213421A CN202210971917.0A CN202210971917A CN115213421A CN 115213421 A CN115213421 A CN 115213421A CN 202210971917 A CN202210971917 A CN 202210971917A CN 115213421 A CN115213421 A CN 115213421A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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Abstract
The invention provides a short-process steel powder atomization system for 3D printing and an atomization method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of metal powder manufacturing. The atomization system comprises a ladle turret, a vacuum ladle furnace which is arranged at the upper end of the ladle turret and is internally provided with an electromagnetic stirring device, a tundish for molten steel microalloying adjustment, a metal powder recovery box for collecting atomized steel powder, an atomization spray gun assembly arranged between the tundish and the metal powder recovery box and an intelligent control assembly; the atomization system is connected with an external electric arc furnace, molten steel can be directly atomized into metal powder for additive manufacturing, the quality is controllable, mass production can be realized, the manufacturing cost of the metal powder is reduced, the process of obtaining the metal powder is greatly shortened, the limitation that the metal powder is prepared by steel bars in the traditional technology is broken through, and the atomization system is suitable for being popularized in the field of additive manufacturing in a large scale.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal powder manufacturing, and particularly relates to a steel powder atomization system for short-process 3D printing and an atomization method thereof.
Background
3D printing, as a representative technology of a new technological revolution, has a profound influence on the traditional process flow, production line, factory model and industrial chain combination, and has become an important mark of a new industrial revolution. After more than thirty years of development, global 3D printing has shifted from technology research and development to the industrial starting stage, and is in a high-speed development period of continuous breakthrough of advanced technology, continuous acceleration of the industrial process, continuous expansion of the industrial scale, and continuous expansion of the application field. 3D printing is taken as a new growth point for future industrial development in various countries in the world, the manufacturing industry is actively cultivated to compete for new advantages, and the 3D printing industry meets major development opportunities.
The base material for 3D printing is high quality metal powder, which is a guarantee of high quality products, so the metal powder preparation technology can be considered as a basic and non-negligible technology. The advanced metal powder preparation technology is the basis of metal 3D printing product industrialization and is the lead of development of related emerging industries. The high-performance and low-cost powder manufacturing technology promotes the progress of the metal 3D printing technology, and has become a very active frontier field of the research of the material science and the engineering technology at present. With the deep development of 3D printing in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, military nuclear power and complex die industries, the demand for high-performance low-cost atomized iron-based powder is increasingly urgent and huge.
However, the existing metal powder is basically obtained through a complex process, specifically, a base metal smelted in a steel plant, atomization powder making is realized through a rotating motor and the like, the quality of the prepared powder is unstable, the base metal is subjected to a complete long steel-making process including steel rolling and other processes, rolled steel is prepared into a stub bar size capable of being used for powder making through equipment, the process is not only complicated, but also the cost is high until the available powder is reached, the additional quality is uneven, and the powder is difficult to popularize to the additive manufacturing industry in large scale for large-area use.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a short-process steel powder atomization system for 3D printing and an atomization method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a short-process 3D printing steel powder atomization system comprises a steel ladle rotary table, a vacuum steel ladle furnace, a middle tank, a metal powder recovery box, an atomization spray gun assembly and an intelligent control assembly, wherein the vacuum steel ladle furnace is arranged at the upper end of the steel ladle rotary table, and an electromagnetic stirring device is arranged in the vacuum steel ladle furnace;
the ladle turret comprises a supporting base, a fixed disc, an upper rotating disc and a driving assembly, wherein the fixed disc is arranged on the supporting base, a fixed groove is formed in the center of the fixed disc, the upper rotating disc is arranged on the fixed disc, clamping blocks capable of being placed in the fixed groove are arranged at the bottom end of the upper rotating disc, the driving assembly is connected with the clamping blocks through connecting shafts and drives the upper rotating disc to rotate, an annular rotating groove is formed in the fixed disc, a plurality of first electromagnets are uniformly arranged in the annular rotating groove, a plurality of second electromagnets are arranged at positions, opposite to the first electromagnets, of the bottom end of the upper rotating disc, and the polarities of the first electromagnets and the polarities of the second electromagnets are the same; the side wall of the vacuum ladle furnace is provided with a discharge insertion pipe, the discharge insertion pipe is provided with an electromagnetic valve, and the side wall of the vacuum ladle furnace is connected with a vacuum pump, wherein the number of the vacuum ladle furnaces can be two, the two vacuum ladle furnaces are symmetrically distributed, when one of the vacuum ladle furnaces is connected with the intermediate tank, the other vacuum ladle furnace is connected with an external electric arc furnace and is subjected to alloying treatment, and meanwhile, an electromagnetic stirring device is used for stirring, degassing and impurity removal, so that the working efficiency is greatly improved;
the side wall of the middle tank is provided with a liquid inlet interface which is distributed opposite to the discharging insertion pipe, the liquid inlet interface is provided with a liquid inlet joint, the liquid inlet joint comprises two mounting rings which are sleeved at the liquid inlet interface and distributed oppositely, a sealing folding sleeve which is arranged between the two mounting rings, a plurality of induction mounting blocks which are arranged on the outer walls of the mounting rings along the circumferential direction, and a plurality of rebound springs which are arranged between the mounting ring which is far away from one side of the liquid inlet interface and the outer wall of the middle tank, the induction mounting blocks which are arranged on the two mounting rings are distributed pairwise in a pair manner, and two induction mounting blocks which are distributed oppositely are arranged, one induction mounting block is provided with a third electromagnet, the other induction mounting block is provided with an electromagnetic coil, and one side of the sealing folding sleeve which is far away from the liquid inlet interface can be sleeved at the tail end of the discharging insertion pipe;
the atomization spray gun assembly comprises an airflow impact atomization box, a gas supply box, a high-pressure spray gun and a water cooling pipeline, wherein the upper end of the airflow impact atomization box is communicated with the bottom end of the intermediate tank;
the intelligent control assembly comprises a vacuum gauge arranged on the vacuum ladle furnace, an angle sensor arranged at the clamping block and a controller arranged on the supporting base and used for controlling the normal operation of the atomization system.
Furthermore, the landing leg department that supports the base is equipped with the reinforcement supporting component, the reinforcement supporting component is including locating the joint disc that supports the landing leg outer wall of base, the supporting baseplate of joint on each landing leg of support base, through a plurality of horizontal poles of being connected of lock joint cover and joint disc, it is fixed through the bolt between lock joint cover and the joint disc, consolidate the landing leg that supports the base through consolidating the supporting component, improved the whole bearing capacity of ladle revolving platform, simultaneously, the plug of accessible bolt is installed and is dismantled the reinforcement supporting component, satisfies the demand that different bearing weight, simple structure, convenient operation.
Furthermore, the landing leg outer wall that supports the base is equipped with the external screw thread, joint disc inner wall be equipped with external screw thread connection's internal thread, each connect the horizontal pole bottom and be equipped with the antiskid piece, the rotatory joint disc of accessible adjusts its mounting height on the landing leg that supports the base, simultaneously, connects horizontal pole inclination and also can change, makes the bearing capacity of supporting the base change, through the above-mentioned mode of adjusting the bearing capacity, satisfies the demand that holds the molten steel of different weight in the ladle turret, and the practicality is wide.
Further, ejection of compact intubate end is equipped with the adapter sleeve, the adapter sleeve inner wall is equipped with annular butt platform, annular butt bench is close to sealed folding cover one side and evenly is equipped with a plurality of electromagnetic chuck, sealed folding cover is gone up to be close to ejection of compact intubate side and can insert in the adapter sleeve and with annular butt platform butt, and butt department is equipped with the becket, and through the fixed mode of the electromagnetic actuation of electromagnetic chuck and becket, increase the firm nature of being connected between collar and the ejection of compact intubate, avoid impacting because of the molten steel, cause collar and ejection of compact intubate to break away from, influence the normal use of system.
Further, the inside upper end of metal powder collection box is equipped with the classified screening cage, the classified screening cage includes that the metal powder collection box is located along the horizontal direction inside and one end is connected with the rotary electric machine's rotatory mobile jib, general rotatory mobile jib parcel is at its inside screening cage subassembly, screening cage subassembly includes that three by interior increase in proper order and overlap the son screening cage together, locate each the discharge gate of son screening cage lateral wall, through reinforcing ring link between the minimum son screening cage of radius and the rotatory mobile jib, each discharge gate department all is equipped with ejection of compact solenoid valve, keeps away from on the minimum son screening cage of radius the rotary electric machine side is equipped with the inlet pipe with temporary storage case intercommunication, inlet pipe department is equipped with the feeding solenoid valve, and through the coaxial setting of the three son screening cages of radius increase in proper order, can carry out the hierarchical recovery to the metal solid powder granule of different particle diameters simultaneously, improved the work efficiency of screening.
Further, in the metal powder collection box and be located classified screening cage lower extreme position department is equipped with the hierarchical storehouse of collecting, the hierarchical storehouse of collecting is by three sub-hierarchical storehouse of collecting from bottom to top in the metal powder collection box and is arranged and constitute, and all is equipped with the automatic apron that opens and shuts between every sub-hierarchical storehouse, and the metal solid powder granule after the hierarchical screening carries out automatic hierarchical temporary storage simultaneously through three sub-hierarchical storehouse of collecting, and whole process need not manpower participation, when having saved manpower resources cost, has improved the degree of automation of system.
Furthermore, every the storehouse lateral wall is collected in sub-grades all is equipped with the discharge port, just discharge port department is equipped with the discharge leader, and discharge port department is equipped with the shutoff picture peg, and every sub-graded collection storehouse lateral wall still is equipped with transparent observation window, and the metal solid powder granule in to each sub-graded collection storehouse is discharged through the plug of shutoff picture peg, and the process is simple, convenient operation, and simultaneously, the condition of piling up of the metal solid powder granule in the storehouse is collected in sub-graded collection that corresponds through transparent observation window can be observed, convenient timely processing.
Furthermore, the bottom end of the airflow impact atomization box is provided with a drop inlet, a detachable drop box is arranged below the drop inlet, and the dropped molten steel droplets are recycled, so that the airflow impact atomization box has the advantages of energy conservation and emission reduction.
The invention also discloses a method for atomizing the steel powder for the short-process 3D printing, which is based on the system for atomizing the steel powder for the short-process 3D printing and comprises the following steps:
s1, pouring molten steel in an external arc furnace into a vacuum ladle furnace, adding required alloy elements into the vacuum ladle furnace to perform molten steel alloying adjustment, then, vacuumizing by using a vacuum pump, and simultaneously, stirring the molten steel in the vacuum ladle furnace by using an electromagnetic stirring device to enable gas and trace impurities in the molten steel to float upwards and be removed;
s2, setting the initial position of the upper rotating disc as follows: the connecting line between the two vacuum ladle furnaces is perpendicular to the connecting line between the mounting ring and the central point of the upper rotating disc, the controller controls the driving assembly to start, so that the upper rotating disc rotates, meanwhile, a gap is reserved between the upper rotating disc and the fixed disc under the action of repulsive force between the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet, when the upper rotating disc rotates, the vacuum ladle furnaces placed at the upper ends of the upper rotating disc synchronously rotate, meanwhile, the rotating angle of the upper rotating disc is detected through the angle sensor, and detection data are sent to the controller, when one of the discharging insertion tubes is gradually close to the mounting ring and the upper rotating disc rotates to a preset angle, the controller controls the driving assembly to reduce the rotating speed of the upper rotating disc, when the discharging insertion tubes on the side wall of the vacuum ladle furnace are aligned with the mounting ring, the controller controls the rotating speed of the upper rotating disc to be zero through the driving assembly, and continuously stays for a period of time according to a preset requirement, so that molten steel in the vacuum ladle furnace enters the middle tank through the discharging insertion tubes and the sealed folding sleeves, then the controller controls the driving assembly to continuously rotate and gradually accelerate the upper rotating disc until the other discharging insertion tube is close to the mounting ring to be stable, and the two discharging insertion tubes are repeatedly connected with each other, and the discharging insertion tube, and the two inserting tubes are repeatedly connected with each other;
s3, after each discharging insertion tube is in butt joint with the mounting ring each time, the controller controls the electromagnetic chuck to be electrified, the metal ring can move to the side of the electromagnetic chuck under the action of electromagnetic attraction of the electromagnetic chuck and is tightly attracted with the electromagnetic chuck, and fixing between the mounting ring at one side far away from the liquid inlet interface and the discharging insertion tube is completed;
s4, opening the electromagnetic valve, enabling the molten steel in the vacuum ladle furnace to enter the tundish through the discharging insertion tube and the sealing folding sleeve, and adding required alloy elements into the tundish to perform alloying adjustment on the molten steel again;
s5, guiding the molten steel subjected to alloying adjustment in the tundish to fall into an airflow impact atomization box, introducing high-pressure gas vertical to the flowing direction of the molten steel into the airflow impact atomization box through an air supply box, enabling molten steel liquid drops with small weight to pass through a high-pressure spray gun under the action of centrifugal force of the high-pressure spray gun through the impact action of the high-pressure gas, quickly condensing the molten steel liquid drops into metal solid powder particles to fall freely, and enabling part of the molten steel liquid drops with large weight to fall into the box, and then adding the molten steel liquid drops into an external electric arc furnace again;
s6, opening a feeding electromagnetic valve, enabling the metal solid powder particles quickly condensed to enter the innermost sub-screening cage through the feeding electromagnetic valve, starting a rotating motor, driving a rotating main rod to swing left and right through the rotating motor, enabling the three sub-screening cages to synchronously swing, enabling the metal solid powder particles with smaller particle sizes to be screened into the three sub-screening cages layer by layer from inside to outside under the action of centrifugal force, then controlling a discharge electromagnetic valve at the bottommost end to be opened through a controller, simultaneously controlling three automatic opening and closing cover plates to be fully opened through the controller, enabling the metal solid powder particles in the outermost sub-screening cage to fall into a sub-grading collection bin at the bottommost end, then controlling the discharge electromagnetic valve at the middle position to be opened, closing the automatic opening and closing cover plate at the bottommost end, enabling the metal solid powder particles in the middle sub-screening cage to fall into the sub-grading collection bin at the middle position, finally controlling the discharge electromagnetic valve on the innermost sub-screening cage to be opened, closing the automatic opening and enabling the cover plate in the innermost sub-screening cage to fall into the sub-grading collection bin at the middle position, and enabling the metal solid powder particles to be taken out when the metal solid powder particles to be taken out from the corresponding grading collection bin at the uppermost end, and the side wall of the grading collection bin can be taken out.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The atomization system is connected with an external electric arc furnace, molten steel can be directly atomized into metal powder for additive manufacturing, the quality is controllable, mass production can be realized, the manufacturing cost of the metal powder is reduced, the process of obtaining the metal powder is greatly shortened, the limitation that the metal powder is prepared by steel bars in the traditional technology is broken through, and the atomization system is suitable for being popularized in the field of additive manufacturing in a large scale;
(2) The vacuum ladle furnace and the tundish have alloying treatment functions, molten steel is pre-alloyed by the vacuum ladle furnace and is stirred by the electromagnetic stirring device, so that the mixing uniformity of the pre-alloying of the molten steel can be increased on the basis of degassing and impurity removal, the molten steel is alloyed again by the tundish, the quality of metal powder is improved, the final components of the molten steel meet the production requirements, and meanwhile, the molten steel is firmly connected with the vacuum ladle furnace through the liquid inlet connector and can be guided to stably enter the atomizing spray gun assembly;
(3) The supporting legs of the supporting base are reinforced through the reinforcing supporting assembly, so that the overall bearing capacity of the ladle turret is improved, meanwhile, the reinforcing supporting assembly can be installed and disassembled through the plugging and unplugging of the bolts, the installation height of the reinforcing supporting assembly on the supporting legs of the supporting base can be adjusted through rotating the clamping disc, meanwhile, the inclination angle of the connecting cross rod can also be changed, the bearing capacity of the supporting base is changed, the requirement for containing molten steel with different weights in the ladle turret is met, and the steel ladle turret is wide in practicability;
(4) According to the invention, through the arrangement of the three sub-screening cages which are sequentially enlarged from inside to outside and sleeved together, metal solid powder particles with different particle sizes can be simultaneously classified and recovered, and meanwhile, automatic classification temporary storage is simultaneously carried out through the three sub-classification collecting bins, so that the whole process does not need manpower participation, the manpower resource cost is saved, and meanwhile, the screening work efficiency and the automation degree of the system are also improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the reinforcing support assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the installation of the adapter sleeve of the present invention on an output cannula;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the connection between the connection sleeve and the liquid inlet joint of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of the fluid inlet fitting of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an electron micrograph of a low magnification powder of H13 steel prepared by the system of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an electron micrograph of a high magnification powder of H13 steel made by the system of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a view of the initial position of the upper rotor plate of the present invention;
wherein the content of the first and second substances, 1-ladle turret, 10-support base, 11-fixed disc, 110-fixed groove, 111-annular rotating groove, 112-first electromagnet, 12-upper rotating disc, 120-clamping block, 121-second electromagnet, 13-drive assembly, 14-reinforcing support assembly, 140-clamping disc, 141-support base plate, 142-connecting cross bar, 1420-buckling cover, 1421-bolt, 1422-antiskid sheet, 2-vacuum ladle furnace, 20-electromagnetic stirring device, 21-discharging insertion tube, 210-connecting sleeve, 211-annular abutting table, 212-electromagnetic chuck, 22-electromagnetic valve, 23-vacuum pump, 3-intermediate tank, 30-liquid inlet interface, 31-liquid inlet interface, 310-mounting ring 311-sealing folding sleeve, 312-induction mounting block, 313-rebound spring, 314-third electromagnet, 315-electromagnetic coil, 316-metal ring, 4-metal powder recovery box, 40-grading screening cage, 400-rotary main rod, 401-sub screening cage, 402-discharge port, 403-reinforcing ring, 404-discharge electromagnetic valve, 405-feed pipe, 406-feed electromagnetic valve, 41-rotary motor, 42-grading collection bin, 420-sub grading collection bin, 421-automatic opening and closing cover plate, 422-discharge port, 423-discharge guide plate, 424-blocking plug board, 425-transparent observation window, 5-atomizing spray gun component, 50-airflow impact atomizing box, 500-drop inlet, 501-drop inlet box, 314-third electromagnet, 315-electromagnetic coil, 316-metal ring, 3-discharge electromagnetic valve, 405-feed pipe, 21-grading collection bin, 420-sub grading collection bin, 421-automatic opening and closing cover plate, 422-discharge port, 423-discharge guide plate, 424-blocking plug board, 425-transparent observation window, 5-atomizing spray gun component, 50-airflow impact atomizing box, 500-dropping inlet, 501-drop inlet box, and, 51-air supply box, 52-high pressure spray gun, 53-water cooling pipeline, 54-temporary storage box, 6-intelligent control component, 60-vacuum gauge, 61-angle sensor and 62-controller.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail by examples below.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a short-process 3D printing steel powder atomization system comprises a ladle turret 1, a vacuum ladle furnace 2 which is arranged at the upper end of the ladle turret 1 and is internally provided with an electromagnetic stirring device 20, a tundish 3 for molten steel microalloying adjustment, a metal powder recovery box 4 for collecting atomized steel powder, an atomization spray gun assembly 5 arranged between the tundish 3 and the metal powder recovery box 4, and an intelligent control assembly 6;
the ladle turret 1 comprises a support base 10, a fixed disc 11 which is arranged on the support base 10 and provided with a fixed groove 110 at the center, an upper rotating disc 12 which is arranged on the fixed disc 11 and provided with a clamping block 120 which can be placed in the fixed groove 110 at the bottom end, and a driving assembly 13 which is connected with the clamping block 120 through a connecting shaft and drives the upper rotating disc 12 to rotate, wherein an annular rotating groove 111 is formed in the fixed disc 11, 4 first electromagnets 112 are uniformly arranged in the annular rotating groove 111, 4 second electromagnets 121 are arranged at positions, opposite to the first electromagnets 112, at the bottom end of the upper rotating disc 12, and the polarities of the first electromagnets 112 and the second electromagnets 121 are the same; a discharging insertion pipe 21 is arranged on the side wall of the vacuum ladle furnace 2, an electromagnetic valve 22 is arranged at the discharging insertion pipe 21, and a vacuum pump 23 is connected to the side wall of the vacuum ladle furnace 2;
the side wall of the intermediate tank 3 is provided with a liquid inlet interface 30 which is distributed opposite to the discharging insertion pipe 21, the liquid inlet interface 30 is provided with a liquid inlet joint 31, the liquid inlet joint 31 comprises two mounting rings 310 which are sleeved at the liquid inlet interface 30 and distributed oppositely, a sealing folding sleeve 311 which is arranged between the two mounting rings 310, 4 induction mounting blocks 312 which are arranged on the outer walls of the mounting rings 310 along the circumferential direction, 2 rebound springs 313 which are arranged between the mounting rings 310 at one side far away from the liquid inlet interface 30 and the outer wall of the intermediate tank 3, the induction mounting blocks 312 which are arranged on the two mounting rings 310 are distributed oppositely pairwise, and in the two induction mounting blocks 312 which are distributed oppositely, one induction mounting block 312 is provided with a third electromagnet 314, the other induction mounting block 312 is provided with an electromagnetic coil 315, and one side of the sealing folding sleeve 311 far away from the liquid inlet interface 30 can be sleeved at the tail end of the discharging insertion pipe 21;
the atomizing spray gun assembly 5 comprises an airflow impact atomizing box 50, a gas supply box 51, a high-pressure spray gun 52 and a water cooling pipeline 53, wherein the upper end of the airflow impact atomizing box 50 is communicated with the bottom end of the intermediate tank 3, the gas supply box 51 is communicated with the airflow impact atomizing box 50, and high-pressure gas vertical to the flowing direction of molten steel is introduced into the airflow impact atomizing box 50, the high-pressure spray gun 52 is arranged on the airflow impact atomizing box 50 and sprays atomized metal powder into the metal powder recovery box 4, and the water cooling pipeline 53 is coated on the outer wall of the high-pressure spray gun 52;
the intelligent control assembly 6 comprises a vacuum gauge 60 arranged on the vacuum ladle furnace 2, an angle sensor 61 arranged at the clamping block 120 and a controller 62 arranged on the supporting base 10 and used for controlling the normal operation of the atomization system;
the tail end of the discharging insertion tube 21 is provided with a connecting sleeve 210, the inner wall of the connecting sleeve 210 is provided with an annular abutting table 211, one side, close to the sealing folding sleeve 311, of the annular abutting table 211 is uniformly provided with 7 electromagnetic chucks 212, the side, close to the discharging insertion tube 21, of the sealing folding sleeve 311 can be inserted into the connecting sleeve 210 and abutted against the annular abutting table 211, and a metal ring 316 is arranged at the abutting position;
the upper end in the metal powder recovery box 4 is provided with a grading screening cage 40, the grading screening cage 40 comprises a rotating main rod 400 which is arranged in the metal powder recovery box 4 along the horizontal direction and one end of which is connected with a rotating motor 41, and a screening cage assembly which wraps the rotating main rod 400 in the grading screening cage, the screening cage assembly comprises three sub-screening cages 401 which are sequentially enlarged from inside to outside and sleeved together, and discharge holes 402 which are arranged on the side walls of the sub-screening cages 401, the sub-screening cage 401 with the smallest radius is connected with the rotating main rod 400 through a reinforcing ring 403, each discharge hole 402 is provided with a discharge electromagnetic valve 404, the side, far away from the rotating motor 41, of the sub-screening cage 401 with the smallest radius is provided with a feed pipe 405 which is communicated with a temporary storage box 54, and the feed pipe 405 is provided with a feed electromagnetic valve 406;
a grading collection bin 42 is arranged in the metal powder recovery box 4 and at the lower end of the grading screening cage 40, the grading collection bin 42 is formed by arranging three sub-grading collection bins 420 from bottom to top in the metal powder recovery box 4, and an automatic opening and closing cover plate 421 is arranged between each sub-grading collection bin 420;
the side wall of each sub-grading collection bin 420 is provided with a discharge port 422, a discharge guide plate 423 is arranged at the discharge port 422, a plugging insertion plate 424 is arranged at the discharge port 422, and the side wall of each sub-grading collection bin 420 is also provided with a transparent observation window 425;
the bottom end of the airflow impact atomization box 50 is provided with a falling inlet 500, and a detachable falling box 501 is arranged below the falling inlet 500.
The electromagnetic valve 22, the vacuum pump 23, the discharging electromagnetic valve 404, the feeding electromagnetic valve 406, the rotating motor 41, the high-pressure spray gun 52, the vacuum gauge 60, the angle sensor 61 and the controller 62 used in this embodiment are all products of the prior art, and those skilled in the art can select the products according to needs to meet the technical scheme of the present invention, and no special limitation is made herein.
Example 2
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that:
the supporting legs of the supporting base 10 are provided with reinforcing supporting components 14, each reinforcing supporting component 14 comprises a clamping disc 140 arranged on the outer wall of each supporting leg of the supporting base 10, a supporting base plate 141 clamped on each supporting leg of the supporting base 10, and 3 connecting cross rods 142 connected with the clamping discs 140 through a clamping cover 1420, and the clamping cover 1420 and the clamping discs 140 are fixed through bolts 1421;
the outer wall of the supporting leg of the supporting base 10 is provided with an external thread, the inner wall of the clamping disc 140 is provided with an internal thread connected with the external thread, and the bottom end of each connecting cross rod 142 is provided with an anti-slip sheet 1422.
Example 3
The embodiment discloses a method for a short-process 3D printing steel powder atomization system, which is based on the atomization system of the embodiment 2 and comprises the following steps:
s1, pouring molten steel in an external electric arc furnace into a vacuum ladle furnace 2, adding required alloy elements into the vacuum ladle furnace 2 to perform molten steel alloying adjustment, vacuumizing by using a vacuum pump 23, and stirring the molten steel in the vacuum ladle furnace 2 by using an electromagnetic stirring device 20 to enable gas and trace impurities in the molten steel to float upwards and be removed;
s2, as shown in fig. 8, the initial position of the upper rotor 12 is set to: the connecting line between two vacuum ladle furnaces 2 is perpendicular to the connecting line between the mounting ring 310 and the central point of the upper rotating disc 12, the controller 62 controls the driving assembly 13 to start, so that the upper rotating disc 12 rotates, meanwhile, a gap is reserved between the upper rotating disc 12 and the fixed disc 11 under the action of repulsive force between the first electromagnet 112 and the second electromagnet 121, when the upper rotating disc 12 rotates, the vacuum ladle furnaces 2 placed at the upper ends of the upper rotating disc rotate synchronously, meanwhile, the rotating angle of the upper rotating disc 12 is detected through the angle sensor 61, and detection data are sent to the controller 62, when one of the discharge inserting pipes 21 gradually approaches the mounting ring 310 and the upper rotating disc 12 rotates to 60 degrees, the controller 62 controls the driving assembly 13 to reduce the rotating speed of the upper rotating disc 12, when the discharge inserting pipes 21 on the side wall of the vacuum ladle furnaces 2 are aligned with the mounting ring 310, the controller 62 controls the rotating speed of the upper rotating disc 12 to be zero through the driving assembly 13, and continuously stops for 15min according to enable the discharge inserting pipes 21 in the vacuum ladle furnaces 2 to enter the intermediate tank 3 through the sealed folding sleeve, and then stably control the upper rotating disc 12 to continuously run until the discharge inserting pipes 21 approach the zero, and the other molten steel inserting pipe 12, and the discharge inserting pipe 12 continuously rotates to be accelerated and repeatedly, and the discharge inserting pipe 310, and the molten steel can be connected with the molten steel continuously, and continuously operated until the molten steel can be connected with the molten steel can be continuously, and the molten steel can be connected with the molten steel continuously reduced;
s3, after each discharging insertion tube 21 is in butt joint with the mounting ring 310 every time, the controller 62 controls the electromagnetic chuck 212 to be powered on, under the action of electromagnetic attraction of the electromagnetic chuck 212, the metal ring 316 can move towards the electromagnetic chuck 212 and is tightly attracted with the electromagnetic chuck 212, and fixing between the mounting ring 310 and the discharging insertion tube 21 on the side far away from the liquid inlet interface 30 is completed;
s4, opening the electromagnetic valve 22, enabling the molten steel in the vacuum ladle furnace 2 to enter the intermediate tank 3 through the discharging insertion tube 21 and the sealing folding sleeve 311, and adding required alloy elements into the intermediate tank 3 to perform alloying adjustment on the molten steel again;
s5, guiding the molten steel after alloying adjustment in the intermediate tank 3 to fall into an airflow impact atomization box 50, meanwhile, introducing high-pressure gas vertical to the flowing direction of the molten steel into the airflow impact atomization box 50 through an air supply box 51, enabling the molten steel liquid drops with small weight to pass through a high-pressure spray gun 52 through the impact action of the high-pressure gas, flying out under the centrifugal force action of the high-pressure spray gun 52, rapidly condensing the molten steel liquid drops into metal solid powder particles to fall freely, enabling part of the molten steel liquid drops with large weight to fall into a box 501, and then adding the molten steel liquid drops into an external electric arc furnace again;
s6, opening the feeding electromagnetic valve 406, enabling the metal solid powder particles rapidly condensed to enter the innermost sub-screening cage 401 through the feeding electromagnetic valve 406, starting the rotating motor 41, driving the rotating main rod 400 to swing left and right through the rotating motor 41, enabling the three sub-screening cages 401 to synchronously swing, enabling the metal solid powder particles with smaller particle sizes to be screened into the three sub-screening cages 401 layer by layer from inside to outside under the action of centrifugal force, then controlling the discharging electromagnetic valve 404 at the bottom end to be opened through the controller 62, simultaneously controlling the three automatic opening and closing cover plates 421 to be fully opened through the controller 62, enabling the metal solid powder particles in the outermost sub-screening cage 401 to fall into the sub-grading collection bin 420 at the bottom end, then controlling the discharging electromagnetic valve 404 at the middle position to be opened, closing the automatic opening and closing cover plate 421 at the bottom end, enabling the metal solid powder particles in the middle sub-screening cage 401 to fall into the sub-grading collection bin 420 at the middle position, finally controlling the discharging electromagnetic valve 404 on the innermost sub-screening cage 401 to be opened, closing the automatic opening and enabling the automatic opening and closing cover plate 421 at the side wall of the metal solid powder particles in the middle screening cage 401 to be taken out, and enabling the metal solid powder particles to be taken out when the side wall of the grading collection bin 424 at the metal solid powder particles in the innermost sub-screening cage 401 to be taken out, and the metal solid particles can be taken out.
Claims (9)
1. A short-process steel powder atomization system for 3D printing is characterized by comprising a ladle turret (1), a vacuum ladle furnace (2) which is arranged at the upper end of the ladle turret (1) and is internally provided with an electromagnetic stirring device (20), a tundish (3) for molten steel microalloying adjustment, a metal powder recovery box (4) for collecting atomized steel powder, an atomization spray gun assembly (5) and an intelligent control assembly (6) which are arranged between the tundish (3) and the metal powder recovery box (4);
the ladle turret (1) comprises a support base (10), a fixed disc (11) which is arranged on the support base (10) and provided with a fixed groove (110) at the center, an upper rotating disc (12) which is arranged on the fixed disc (11) and provided with a clamping block (120) which can be placed in the fixed groove (110) at the bottom end, and a driving assembly (13) which is connected with the clamping block (120) through a connecting shaft and drives the upper rotating disc (12) to rotate, wherein an annular rotating groove (111) is formed in the fixed disc (11), a plurality of first electromagnets (112) are uniformly arranged in the annular rotating groove (111), a plurality of second electromagnets (121) are arranged at positions, opposite to the first electromagnets (112), at the bottom end of the upper rotating disc (12), and the first electromagnets (112) and the second electromagnets (121) have the same polarity; a discharging insertion pipe (21) is arranged on the side wall of the vacuum ladle furnace (2), an electromagnetic valve (22) is arranged at the discharging insertion pipe (21), and a vacuum pump (23) is connected to the side wall of the vacuum ladle furnace (2);
the side wall of the intermediate tank (3) is provided with a liquid inlet interface (30) which is distributed opposite to the discharging insertion pipe (21), a liquid inlet joint (31) is arranged at the liquid inlet interface (30), the liquid inlet joint (31) comprises two mounting rings (310) which are sleeved at the liquid inlet interface (30) and distributed oppositely, a sealing folding sleeve (311) which is arranged between the two mounting rings (310), a plurality of induction mounting blocks (312) which are arranged on the outer wall of the mounting rings (310) along the circumferential direction, a plurality of rebound springs (313) which are arranged between the mounting rings (310) at one side far away from the liquid inlet interface (30) and the outer wall of the intermediate tank (3), the induction mounting blocks (312) which are arranged on the two mounting rings (310) are distributed oppositely in pairs, and the two induction mounting blocks (312) which are distributed oppositely, one induction mounting block (312) is provided with a third electromagnet (314), the other induction mounting block (312) is provided with an electromagnetic coil (315), and one side of the sealing folding sleeve (311) far away from the liquid inlet interface (30) can be sleeved at the tail end of the discharging insertion pipe (21);
the atomizing spray gun assembly (5) comprises an airflow impact atomizing box (50) with the upper end communicated with the bottom end of the intermediate tank (3), an air supply box (51) communicated with the airflow impact atomizing box (50) and used for introducing high-pressure air vertical to the flowing direction of molten steel into the airflow impact atomizing box (50), a high-pressure spray gun (52) arranged on the airflow impact atomizing box (50) and used for spraying atomized metal powder into the metal powder recovery box (4), a water cooling pipeline (53) coated on the outer wall of the high-pressure spray gun (52), and a temporary storage box (54) used for containing the steel powder sprayed by the high-pressure spray gun (52);
the intelligent control assembly (6) comprises a vacuum gauge (60) arranged on the vacuum ladle furnace (2), an angle sensor (61) arranged at the clamping block (120), and a controller (62) arranged on the supporting base (10) and used for controlling the normal operation of the atomization system.
2. The short-process 3D printing steel powder atomization system according to claim 1, wherein a reinforcing support assembly (14) is arranged at a supporting leg of the support base (10), the reinforcing support assembly (14) comprises a clamping disc (140) arranged on an outer wall of the supporting leg of the support base (10), a support base plate (141) clamped on each supporting leg of the support base (10), and a plurality of connecting cross rods (142) connected with the clamping disc (140) through a clamping cover (1420), and the clamping cover (1420) and the clamping disc (140) are fixed through a bolt (1421).
3. The short-process 3D printing steel powder atomization system according to claim 2, wherein outer walls of supporting legs of the supporting base (10) are provided with external threads, inner walls of the clamping disks (140) are provided with internal threads connected with the external threads, and anti-slip sheets (1422) are arranged at bottom ends of the connecting cross rods (142).
4. The short-process 3D printing steel powder atomization system according to claim 1, wherein a connection sleeve (210) is arranged at the tail end of the discharging insertion tube (21), an annular abutting table (211) is arranged on the inner wall of the connection sleeve (210), a plurality of electromagnetic suction cups (212) are uniformly arranged on one side, close to a sealing folding sleeve (311), of the annular abutting table (211), the side, close to the discharging insertion tube (21), of the sealing folding sleeve (311) can be inserted into the connection sleeve (210) and abutted against the annular abutting table (211), and a metal ring (316) is arranged at the abutting position.
5. The short-flow 3D printing steel powder atomizing system according to claim 1, wherein a grading screening cage (40) is arranged at the upper end inside the metal powder recovery box (4), the grading screening cage (40) comprises a rotating main rod (400) which is arranged inside the metal powder recovery box (4) along the horizontal direction and is connected with a rotating motor (41) at one end, and a screening cage assembly which wraps the rotating main rod (400) inside, the screening cage assembly comprises three sub screening cages (401) which are sequentially increased from inside to outside and sleeved together and are arranged on the side walls of the sub screening cages (401), a discharge port (402) is formed between the sub screening cage (401) with the smallest radius and the rotating main rod (400) through a reinforcing ring (403), each discharge port (402) is provided with a discharge electromagnetic valve (404), the sub screening cage (401) with the smallest radius is far away from the rotating motor (41) side and is provided with a feed pipe (405) communicated with a temporary storage box (54), and the feed pipe (406) is provided with a feed electromagnetic valve (406).
6. The short-process 3D printing steel powder atomization system according to claim 5, wherein a grading collection bin (42) is arranged in the metal powder recovery box (4) and at the lower end of the grading screening cage (40), the grading collection bin (42) is formed by arranging three sub-grading collection bins (420) from bottom to top in the metal powder recovery box (4), and an automatic opening and closing cover plate (421) is arranged between each sub-grading collection bin (420).
7. The short-process 3D printing steel powder atomization system according to claim 5, wherein each sub-classification collection bin (420) is provided with a discharge port (422) on the side wall, a discharge guide plate (423) is arranged at the discharge port (422), a blocking insertion plate (424) is arranged at the discharge port (422), and a transparent observation window (425) is further arranged on the side wall of each sub-classification collection bin (420).
8. The short-process 3D printing steel powder atomization system according to claim 1, wherein a drop inlet (500) is formed in the bottom end of the airflow impact atomization box (50), and a detachable drop box (501) is arranged below the drop inlet (500).
9. A method for atomizing steel powder for short-process 3D printing is based on any one of claims 1 to 8, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, pouring molten steel in an external electric arc furnace into a vacuum ladle furnace (2), adding required alloy elements into the vacuum ladle furnace (2) to perform molten steel alloying adjustment, vacuumizing by using a vacuum pump (23), and stirring the molten steel in the vacuum ladle furnace (2) by using an electromagnetic stirring device (20) to float and remove gas and trace impurities in the molten steel;
s2, setting the initial position of the upper rotating disc (12) as follows: the connecting line between two vacuum ladle furnaces (2) is vertical to the connecting line between a mounting ring (310) and the central point of an upper rotating disc (12), a controller (62) controls a driving assembly (13) to start, so that the upper rotating disc (12) rotates, meanwhile, a gap is reserved between the upper rotating disc (12) and a fixed disc (11) through the repulsive force action between a first electromagnet (112) and a second electromagnet (121), when the upper rotating disc (12) rotates, the vacuum ladle furnaces (2) placed at the upper end of the upper rotating disc synchronously rotate, meanwhile, the rotating angle of the upper rotating disc (12) is detected through an angle sensor (61), and detection data are sent to the controller (62), when one of the discharging insertion tubes (21) is gradually close to the mounting ring (310) and the upper rotating disc (12) rotates to a preset angle, the controller (62) controls the driving assembly (13) to reduce the rotating speed of the upper rotating disc (12), when the discharging insertion tubes (21) on the side wall of the vacuum ladle furnaces (2) are aligned with the mounting ring (310), the controller (62) controls the rotating assembly (13) to stop in a middle rotating drum (12) and continuously seal the molten steel ladle furnaces (3) according to the requirement, the rotating speed of a section of the upper molten steel insertion tube (3), and the molten steel can (311), then, the controller (62) controls the driving assembly (13) to enable the upper rotating disc (12) to continue to rotate, gradually accelerates until the operation is stable, continues decelerates until the rotating speed is zero when another discharging insertion tube (21) approaches the mounting ring (310) again, and repeats the process to complete the cross cycle butt joint of the mounting ring (310) and the two discharging insertion tubes (21);
s3, after each discharging insertion tube (21) is in butt joint with the mounting ring (310) every time, the controller (62) controls the electromagnetic chuck (212) to be electrified, under the action of electromagnetic attraction of the electromagnetic chuck (212), the metal ring (316) can move towards the electromagnetic chuck (212) and is tightly attracted with the electromagnetic chuck (212), and fixing between the mounting ring (310) and the discharging insertion tube (21) on one side far away from the liquid inlet interface (30) is completed;
s4, opening the electromagnetic valve (22), allowing the molten steel in the vacuum ladle furnace (2) to enter the intermediate tank (3) through the discharging insertion tube (21) and the sealing folding sleeve (311), and adding required alloy elements into the intermediate tank (3) to perform alloying adjustment on the molten steel again;
s5, guiding the molten steel after alloying adjustment in the intermediate tank (3) to fall into an airflow impact atomization box (50), meanwhile, introducing high-pressure gas vertical to the flowing direction of the molten steel into the airflow impact atomization box (50) through an air supply box (51), enabling molten steel liquid drops with small weight to fly out under the centrifugal force action of a high-pressure spray gun (52) through the impact action of the high-pressure gas, rapidly condensing the molten steel liquid drops into metal solid powder particles to fall freely, enabling part of the molten steel liquid drops with large weight to fall into a box (501), and then adding the molten steel liquid drops into an external electric arc furnace again;
s6, opening a feeding electromagnetic valve (406), enabling the metal solid powder particles rapidly condensed to enter the innermost sub-screening cage (401) through the feeding electromagnetic valve (406), starting a rotating motor (41), driving a rotating main rod (400) to swing left and right through the rotating motor (41), enabling the three sub-screening cages (401) to synchronously swing, at the moment, enabling the metal solid powder particles with smaller particle sizes to be screened into the three sub-screening cages (401) layer by layer from inside to outside under the action of centrifugal force, then controlling a discharging electromagnetic valve (404) at the bottom end to be opened through a controller (62), simultaneously controlling three automatic opening and closing cover plates (421) to be fully opened through the controller (62), enabling the metal solid powder particles in the outermost sub-screening cage (401) to fall into a sub-grading collecting bin (420) at the bottom end, then controlling the discharging electromagnetic valve (404) at the middle position to be opened, closing the automatic opening and closing cover plate (421) at the bottom end, enabling the metal solid powder particles in the sub-screening cage (401) at the middle sub-screening cage (420) to fall into the sub-grading collecting bin at the middle position, controlling the automatic opening and closing of the automatic opening and closing cover plate (421) at the inner collecting bin at the inner position of the middle sub-screening cage (401) to complete the grading collecting bin, and controlling the automatic opening and closing of the automatic opening and closing cover plate (401) of the automatic opening and closing of the automatic opening and collecting bin at the inner sub-screening cage (420), when the metal solid powder particles need to be taken out, the plugging inserting plates (424) corresponding to the side walls of the sub-grading collection bin (420) are drawn out.
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