CN1152103A - Adsorptive refrigerating system - Google Patents

Abstract

The adsorption refrigerating system uses ammonia as refrigerant. Structurally, the condensator communicated to generator is communicated to evaporator and liquid storage cylinder communicated at its lower part to evaporator. In the mount height, evaporator is lowest, liquid storage cylinder the next and condensator the highest. The liquid storage cylinder includes casing and heat insulating layer, and the adsorbent mixture consists of calcium chloride with lump specific -weight of 0.38-0.42 Kg/l in 10 portions, silica gel 0.5 portion and 6-8 mm thick and 8-12 mm long steel wires 1 potion.

Description

Adsorption refrigeration system

The present invention relates to a kind of is the adsorption refrigeration system of cold-producing medium with ammonia.

Mostly present widely used refrigerating plant is to make cold-producing medium with freon.Destroy the harm humans living environment because of this cold-producing medium enters can produce ozone layer behind the atmosphere, its refrigerating plant progressively was forced to eliminate in one period soon.Develop non-harmful practicability refrigeration system, be the key subjects that current refrigeration interface is faced, it must be broken through the existing poor refrigerating efficiency of absorption type refrigerating principle arrangement that occurs the beginning of this century and finally fail many defectives of practicability, and this original adsorption refrigeration system is at last for the electronic compression-type refrigerating system by cold-producing medium is replaced with freon.

The objective of the invention is, design a kind of adsorption refrigeration system, have the characteristics of good refrigeration effect, reliable working performance, to provide the adsorption refrigerating device of practicability.

Technical scheme of the present invention is, there is the generator that can be heated by thermal source in described system, condenser, evaporimeter, generator is communicated with condenser one end through pipeline, its design feature is, the other end of described condenser is communicated with an end and the surge drum of evaporimeter respectively through tee pipe coupling and pipeline, this surge drum bottom is communicated with through the other end of pipeline with evaporimeter, the position of evaporimeter is lower than surge drum, the position of surge drum is lower than condenser, adsorbent is housed in the described generator and is filled with cold-producing medium ammonia, the end face of adsorbent is equipped with ventilative mesh dividing plate, have into, the surge drum that goes out fluid catheter is made up of shell and insulation layer, and volume of mixture part composition of described adsorbent is:

8～12 parts in calcium chloride,

0.3～0.7 part in silica gel,

0.8～1.2 part on steel wire,

Wherein, the bulk density of calcium chloride is 0.38～0.42Kg/l, and gauge of wire and length range are respectively 6～10mm, 8～12mm.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is made and to further specify.

Description of drawings: Fig. 1 is a refrigerant system configurations of the present invention, Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 are respectively the sectional structures of generator and surge drum, Fig. 3 is the condenser structure schematic diagram, and Fig. 5 is the generator example structure (wherein arrow A and B represent the flow direction of motor exhaust and refrigeration working medium respectively) of band heater.In the accompanying drawings:

The 1-generator, the 11-delivery line, 2,22,23,24, the 25-pipeline, 12, the 15-conduit,

The 3-condenser, the 13-shell,

The 4-tee pipe coupling, 14-insulation layer,

The 5-surge drum, the 16-chimney filter,

The 6-evaporimeter, the 18-heater housing,

The 7-thermal source, 19-exhaust emissions interface,

The 8-shell, the 20-reversal valve,

The 9-adsorbent, 21-motor vehicle exhaust emission pipe.

The 10-dividing plate,

By Fig. 1 to 4 as can be known, refrigeration system of the present invention have can by the generator (1) of thermal source (7) heating, Condenser (3), evaporimeter (6), generator (1) is communicated with through same condenser (3) one ends of pipeline (2), Its technical characterstic is that the other end of condenser (3) is through tee pipe coupling (4) and pipeline (22) (23) (24) respectively with an end and surge drum (5) connection of evaporimeter, this surge drum (5) bottom is through pipeline (25) same evaporimeter (6) other end is communicated with, and the position of evaporimeter (6) is lower than surge drum (5), storage The position of fluid cylinder (5) is lower than condenser (3), adsorbent (9) is housed in the generator (1) and is filled with system Cryogen ammonia, adsorbent (9) end face is equipped with ventilative mesh dividing plate (10), with liquid inlet and outlet The surge drum (5) of conduit (12), (15) forms institute by shell (13) and thermal insulation separation thermosphere (14) Volume of mixture part of stating adsorbent forms: 8～12 parts in calcium chloride (CaCL2), silica gel 0.3～0.7 0.8～1.2 part on part, steel wire, wherein the bulk density of calcium chloride is 0.38～0.42Kg/l, Gauge of wire and length range are respectively 6～10mm, 8～12mm. Steel wire is ordinary steel wire, For example 10^#Steel wire. Silica gel also is that common discolour silica gel gets final product. The calcium chloride that described bulk density is arranged A kind of available granularmetric composition is:＞3～5mm particle accounts for 50%,＞1～3mm particle accounts for 40%, All the other particles are about 10%.

Design principle of the present invention and the course of work be, and be the same with other refrigeration systems, the present invention Also be to utilize the phase-change characteristic of its refrigeration working medium (being cold-producing medium) to realize refrigeration. Therefore the present invention System heating desorption and two job steps of absorption refrigeration are arranged. The heating desorption process is to take place Adsorbent (9) in the device (1) has adsorbed cold-producing medium, when this generator of heating (1) makes wherein suction When reaching desorption temperature, the cold-producing medium of its inside will discharge with free gaseous state attached dose (9) Come, because the former vacuum state that is in of system circuit, these gaseous working mediums are full of whole loop at once, Along with continuous heating, the gaseous working medium that disengages is on the increase, and the loop internal pressure is constantly increased, When reaching the corresponding working medium of condenser (3) cooling medium (air or water) temperature, described pressure satisfies During with vapour pressure, gaseous working medium just begins liquefaction, and its main liquify area is at condenser, liquid worker Matter is at lower surge drum (5) and the evaporimeter (6) of gravity and the dirty implantation site of differential pressure action, until Reach predetermined liquefaction quantity, can stopped heating generator (1), the purpose of this process is To the interior liquid refrigerant that will consume of whole refrigeration cycle. Process of Adsorption is, when stopping adding Heater (1) also cools off (such as natural cooling) to it, and adsorbent wherein (9) also thereupon Cooling is down to desorb point when following when its temperature, and adsorbent (9) has recovered again adsorption function, Gaseous working medium in the beginning absorption circuit makes pressure drop, the liquid refrigerant in the evaporimeter (6) Reduce when following to the corresponding saturated vapor pressure of temperature at system pressure, working medium begins gasification, And absorb evaporimeter (6) heat on every side, the temperature in this district is constantly descended, the realization refrigeration Purpose. Because surge drum (5) outside is added with the thermal insulation separation thermosphere that possesses good thermal and insulating performance (14), wherein liquid refrigerant can not the absorbing environmental heat in above-mentioned adsorbent process of refrigerastion and Gasification, so gasification is only carried out in evaporimeter (6), surge drum (5) is then constantly to evaporimeter (6) In replenish liquid refrigerant, guarantee that it carries out continuous gasification, namely realizes continuous cooling. From theory On say that the Working fluid phase changing heat that condenser in the heating process (3) is emitted equals to evaporate in the adsorption process The heat of transformation that device (6) absorbs, and the reaction heat that generator (4) absorbs when heating equals to adsorb Send the reaction heat that device (1) is emitted in the journey.

Generator (1) is mainly by the heat transfer shell (8) that delivery line (11) is arranged, adsorbent (9) and energy Allow gaseous working medium see through and play the mesh dividing plate (10) that stops the adsorbent powder to enter pipeline Form, this dividing plate (10) can be made up of the porous plate that is coated with silk screen. In the adsorbent (9), chlorine Change calcium and play the adsorption and desorption refrigeration working medium, silica gel is in order to remaining moisture content in the adsorption system, The effect of steel wire is to improve the conductivity of heat of adsorbent and gas permeability, thereby improves cooling system efficient. It is a kind of thermal device, can make rapidly heating or cooling of adsorbent wherein, therefore concrete knot Structure can adopt the prior arts such as additional heat fin, chimney filter, package to be used in other occasions and in order to carry The common structure form of high heat-transfer performance. It can also be done together with heater usually. Cold But also can adopt the types of cooling commonly used such as air-cooled (naturally cooling) or water-cooled.

Condenser (3) is made up of condenser pipe and cooling medium loop (in case of necessity), and effect is with pipe Interior gaseous working medium liquefaction, the condenser pipe shape is generally spiral coil or coiled pipe (referring to Fig. 3), Can be with fin according to the heat transfer needs, cooling medium is generally water (should add water jacket this moment) or air.

Surge drum (5) is generally tubular structure, is added with thermal insulation separation thermosphere (referring to Fig. 4), have feed liquor and Go out fluid catheter (12) (15), it is used for storing liquid refrigerant. One of technical characterictic of the present invention is Be provided with the described surge drum (5) that function of heat insulation is arranged, be the continuous cooling effect of keeping system Fruit plays important and indispensable effect. This be prior art can't be obtained.

The primary structure of evaporimeter (6) is coiled pipe (referring to Fig. 1), and its major function is to absorb Heat on every side (liquid refrigerant wherein gasifies thus) is realized refrigeration. As required can be outside pipe With fin or heat transfer sheet.

Among the present invention, unit adsorbent refrigerating capacity is 250 kilocalories/kilogram, take ammonia (NH3) as system Cold working medium, refrigeration system operating pressure 0～1.6NPa, a refrigeration cycle can reach 24 hours (17 0 °～300 ℃ were heated 30 minutes), refrigerating capacity reaches 100 kilocalories/hour, and lowest refrigerating temperature is 12 ℃.

As known from the above, the present invention for a kind of be cold-producing medium with ammonia, be the adsorption refrigeration system of adsorbent with calcium chloride, characteristics such as good refrigeration effect, reliable working performance are arranged, during work and the working medium non-environmental-pollution, but be a kind of refrigeration system of practicability.

Embodiment: with the refrigeration system of the present invention of accompanying drawing and the said structure absorption type automobile refrigerator (being loaded on the car of this model) that to make with 90 horsepowers of motor bus motor exhausts of three Hunan boards be thermal source.Generator (1) structure is as shown in Figure 5: shell (18) one ends connect with motor vehicle exhaust emission pipe (21) and its other end is exhaust emissions interface (19) through reversal valve (20), there are nine root unit generators (1) to be 3 * 3 equidistant arrangements (row have only drawn among the figure) in the shell (18), each cell generator (1) axially is equipped with chimney filter (16) therein according to its shell (8), between pipe (16) outer wall and shell (8) inwall, be filled with 5.5Kg adsorbent (9) and be filled with cold-producing medium ammonia, shell (8) one ends have refrigeration working medium to export same delivery line (11) connection, ventilative dividing plate (10) is arranged in the shell (8), dividing plate (10) is made up of the porous plate that has coated silk screen, and chimney filter (16) is made up of the antipriming pipe of parcel silk screen.Adsorbent is by (parts by volume) 10 parts of calcium chloride, 0.5 part of common discolour silica gel, 1 part 10 ^#Steel wire (diameter 8mm, length 10mm, proportion 7.8) evenly mixes and forms, calcium chloride proportion 0.4Kg/L, and granularity is as described above.Condenser (3) is coiled into coiled pipe shown in Figure 3 for φ 6 * 1 seamless steel pipes of long 30m and with fin, is Wind-cooling type.Surge drum (5) is φ 108 * 6 seamless pipes, long 500mm, and the sealing of two ends welding stifle, external upset (EU) 40mm foaming matter heat-insulation layer places outside the refrigeratory body.Evaporimeter (6) is φ 12 * 1 seamless pipes, long 4m, coil into single coiled pipe and paste the 1mm aluminium flake outward, be loaded in the horizontal single open-door refrigerator of 100 liters, 25 ℃ of environment temperatures, automobile travels with about 40Km/h speed, adds heater (1) with tail gas and makes tail gas commutation stopping heating after about 30 minutes, refrigerator temperature is 8～16 ℃ in afterwards 8 hours, 60 kilocalories/hour of refrigerating capacitys.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of adsorption refrigeration system, having can be by the generator (1) of thermal source (7) heating, condenser (3), evaporimeter (6), generator (1) is connected through same condenser (3) one ends of pipeline (2), its design feature is, the other end of described condenser (3) is communicated with through an end and the surge drum (15) of tee pipe coupling (4) and the same respectively evaporimeter of pipeline (22) (23) (24) (6), this surge drum (5) bottom is communicated with through the other end of the same evaporimeter of pipeline (25) (6), the position of evaporimeter (6) is lower than surge drum (5), the position of surge drum (5) is lower than condenser (3), adsorbent (9) is housed in the described generator (1) and is filled with cold-producing medium ammonia, ventilative mesh dividing plate (10) is equipped with at the top of adsorbent (9), have into, the surge drum (5) that goes out fluid catheter (12) (15) is made up of shell (13) and insulation layer (14), and volume of mixture part composition of described adsorbent (9) is:

8～12 parts in calcium chloride,

0.3～0.7 part in silica gel,

0.8～1.2 part on steel wire,

Wherein, the bulk density of calcium chloride is 0.38～0.42Kg/l, and gauge of wire and length range are respectively 6～10mm, 8～12mm.

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