CN115209494A - Network access method, terminal and network equipment - Google Patents
Network access method, terminal and network equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN115209494A CN115209494A CN202110395021.8A CN202110395021A CN115209494A CN 115209494 A CN115209494 A CN 115209494A CN 202110395021 A CN202110395021 A CN 202110395021A CN 115209494 A CN115209494 A CN 115209494A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
- H04W36/0055—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
- H04W36/0055—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link
- H04W36/0077—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link of access information of target access point
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/08—Reselecting an access point
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04W56/004—Synchronisation arrangements compensating for timing error of reception due to propagation delay
- H04W56/0045—Synchronisation arrangements compensating for timing error of reception due to propagation delay compensating for timing error by altering transmission time
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
- H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
- H04W74/004—Transmission of channel access control information in the uplink, i.e. towards network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
- H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
- H04W74/006—Transmission of channel access control information in the downlink, i.e. towards the terminal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
- H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
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Abstract
The invention provides a network access method, a terminal and network equipment. The terminal side method comprises the following steps: before the terminal sends a first message to target network equipment according to a two-step random access process, acquiring a time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message; and sending the first message to the target network equipment according to the time advance compensation amount. The scheme of the invention can realize that the user terminal can be accessed into the network quickly with low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method, a terminal, and a network device for accessing a network.
Background
In a wireless communication system, a user needs to determine a random access type before initiating a random access base station to ensure efficiency and reliability of information access. The random access types include: four-step random access and two-step random access.
In the conventional handover process, if a target cell or target network equipment does not configure a dedicated access resource for a terminal, the terminal needs to initiate a four-step random access process on the target cell again;
although the reliability of the user accessing the network can be guaranteed by the four-step random access, the access efficiency is not high because two times of information interaction are required between the user and the base station. In contrast, when Round Trip Time (RTT) of information transmission is relatively small, timing advance is not required, channel quality is relatively good, and demodulation of a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) is facilitated. The user may select a type used for performing random access for the first time according to a Reference Signal Receiving Power (RSRP) threshold configured in the base station system message, for example, two-step random access may be selected when the RSRP is greater than the threshold, which basically limits the two-step random access to be suitable for a case where the user is closer to the base station. For a scenario with a relatively large RTT, for example, in a satellite communication system, even a low-orbit satellite has an orbit height of 300 to 1500km, in this case, if two times of information interaction between a base station and a user can be reduced, the access delay can be reduced by half, thereby greatly improving user experience. However, for satellite communication, the RTT transmission delay is as high as 2 to 10ms, which is much longer than the time range that the cyclic prefix can compensate, and a timing advance adjustment mechanism must be considered to ensure that the PUSCH in the MsgB can be correctly demodulated.
In addition, for a satellite communication system, particularly a non-geostationary satellite, although the satellite orbit height is relatively low compared with that of a geostationary satellite, the satellite operation speed is high, so that the visible time of a ground user to the satellite is only a few minutes to a dozen minutes, and in order to ensure the continuity of service, the user needs to frequently switch beams in the satellite or among the satellites, so that how to realize the low-overhead fast network access of the user terminal is a difficult problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to provide a method, a terminal and a network device for accessing a network. The user terminal can be accessed to the network quickly with low cost.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for accessing a network is applied to a terminal, and the method comprises the following steps:
before the terminal sends a first message to target network equipment according to a two-step random access process, acquiring a time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message;
and sending the first message to the target network equipment according to the time advance compensation quantity.
Optionally, the obtaining of the time advance compensation amount for sending the first message includes:
acquiring a time advance determined by information interaction between the terminal and the source network device and a time advance difference between the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal respectively, wherein the source network device is a network device accessed by the terminal before accessing the target network device;
and acquiring time advance compensation information for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the information interaction between the terminal and the source network equipment and the time advance difference.
Optionally, the obtaining of the time advance determined by information interaction between the terminal and the source network device includes:
the terminal interacts with the source network equipment through a four-step random access process to obtain a first time lead and/or a second time lead, wherein the first time lead is the time lead broadcasted by the source network equipment, the second time lead is the specific time lead of the terminal, and the specific time lead of the terminal is the time lead determined by the terminal according to the self-positioning information and the satellite ephemeris information or the time lead indicated to the terminal by the network side through the indication information.
Optionally, obtaining a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the information interaction between the terminal and the source network device and the time advance difference, includes:
by the formula: TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA, and acquires a time advance compensation amount for transmitting the first message;
wherein TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal Specific time advance amount, and Delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference values of the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal, respectively.
Optionally, obtaining a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the terminal and the source network device information interaction and the time advance difference, includes:
by the formula: TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA + N _ TA _ offset, and acquires the time advance compensation amount for sending the first message;
wherein TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal-Specific time advance amount, delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference between the source network device and the target network device respectively relative to the terminal, and N _ TA _ offset is a configuration value.
Optionally, obtaining a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the information interaction between the terminal and the source network device and the time advance difference, includes:
by the formula:
TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA + N _ TA _ offset + Rate _ TA, and acquires a time advance compensation amount for transmitting the first message;
wherein TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal-Specific time advance amount, delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference values of the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal, and N _ TA _ offset is a configuration value; and the Rate _ TA is determined according to the mobility information of the terminal or the target network equipment.
Optionally, the source network device and the target network device are both satellites, and the Delta _ TA is determined according to at least one of a spatial position, an altitude, and a speed of the source network device and the target network device, and the location information of the terminal.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a network access method, which is applied to target network equipment and comprises the following steps:
before a receiving terminal sends a first message to a target network device according to a two-step random access process, acquiring a time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message;
and receiving the first message sent by the terminal according to the time advance compensation quantity.
Optionally, the obtaining of the time advance compensation amount for sending the first message includes:
acquiring a time advance determined by information interaction between the terminal and the source network device and a time advance difference between the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal respectively, wherein the source network device is a network device accessed by the terminal before accessing the target network device;
and acquiring the time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message according to the time advance quantity determined by the information interaction between the terminal and the source network equipment and the time advance quantity difference.
Optionally, before obtaining the time advance compensation amount for sending the first message, the method further includes:
and interacting with the source network equipment to obtain a first time lead and/or a second time lead, wherein the first time lead is the time lead broadcasted by the source network equipment, the second time lead is the specific time lead of the terminal, and the specific time lead of the terminal is the time lead determined by the terminal according to the self-positioning information and the satellite ephemeris information or the time lead indicated to the terminal by the network side through the indication information.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides an apparatus for accessing a network, where the apparatus is applied to a terminal, and the apparatus includes:
the processing module is used for acquiring the time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message before the terminal sends the first message to the target network equipment according to the two-step random access process;
and the receiving and sending module is used for sending the first message to the target network equipment according to the time advance compensation quantity.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a terminal, including:
the processor is used for acquiring the time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message before the terminal sends the first message to the target network equipment according to the two-step random access process;
a transceiver configured to send the first message to the target network device according to the time advance compensation amount.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a device for accessing a network, which is applied to target network equipment, and the device comprises:
the processing module is used for acquiring the time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message before the receiving terminal sends the first message to the target network equipment according to the two-step random access process;
and the receiving and sending module is used for receiving the first message sent by the terminal according to the time advance compensation quantity.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a network device, including:
the processor is used for acquiring the time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message before the receiving terminal sends the first message to the target network equipment according to the two-step random access flow;
and the transceiver is used for receiving the first message sent by the terminal according to the time advance compensation quantity.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a communication device, including: a processor, a memory storing a computer program which, when executed by the processor, performs the method as described above.
Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method as described above.
The scheme of the invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
in the scheme of the invention, before a user terminal sends a first message to target network equipment according to a two-step random access process, acquiring a time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message; and sending the first message to the target network equipment according to the time advance compensation quantity. Therefore, when the user terminal is switched to access the target network equipment, a two-step random access mechanism is used, TA compensation is completed before the first message (MsgA) is sent, the MsgA which is accessed in the two steps can be correctly demodulated, and time delay, signaling overhead and user power consumption in the random access process when the terminal is switched are effectively reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for accessing a network at a terminal side according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a four-step random access procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a two-step random access procedure of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a specific implementation flow of the method for implementing TA compensation at the terminal side according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a specific implementation flow of the method for implementing TA compensation on the network side according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method for accessing a network on a network side according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for implementing a satellite as a network device;
fig. 8 is a block diagram of an apparatus for accessing a network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for accessing a network, which is applied to a terminal, and the method includes:
and step 12, sending the first message to the target network device according to the time advance compensation amount.
In the embodiment, before a user terminal sends a first message to a target network device according to a two-step random access process, a time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message is obtained; and sending the first message to the target network equipment according to the time advance compensation quantity. Therefore, when a user is switched to access a new network device, a two-step random access mechanism is used, TA compensation is completed before a first message (MsgA) is sent, the MsgA accessed in two steps can be correctly demodulated, and time delay, signaling overhead and user power consumption in the random access process during terminal switching are effectively reduced.
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, in step 11: acquiring a time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message, comprising:
step 111, obtaining a time advance determined by information interaction between the terminal and the source network device, and a time advance difference between the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal, respectively, where the source network device is a network device accessed before the terminal accesses the target network device;
here, the terminal interacts with the source network device through a four-step random access procedure to obtain a first time advance and/or a second time advance, where the first time advance is a time advance broadcasted by the source network device, the second time advance is the terminal-specific time advance, and the terminal-specific time advance is a time advance determined by the terminal according to the self-positioning information and the satellite ephemeris information or a time advance indicated to the terminal by the network side through the indication information.
And step 112, acquiring a time advance compensation credit for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the information interaction between the terminal and the source network device and the time advance difference.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, when initially accessing a network, a terminal accesses a source network device by using a conventional contention-based four-step random access procedure; the process of information interaction between the terminal and the source network device may include four random access processes, which specifically includes the following steps:
a terminal sends an uplink signal containing a Preamble sequence (Preamble) on a resource of a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), which is called Msg1;
a terminal receives a Random Access Response (RAR) sent by a base station side, which is called Msg2 and includes Timing Advanced (TA) information;
the terminal sends uplink data called Msg3 on the uplink time-frequency resource indicated by the RAR, and the TA is used for time synchronization adjustment when the uplink data is sent;
the terminal receives downlink data sent by the base station side, and the downlink data contains information related to contention resolution, which is called Msg4.
In the process, uplink time synchronization is obtained between the terminal and the source network device (such as the source base station 1), and the source base station 1 obtains TA information compensated by the terminal, that is, a time advance determined by information interaction between the terminal and the source network device. Wherein the TA information includes a cell/beam unified TA (Common _ TA, i.e. the first timing advance) and a terminal Specific TA (Specific _ TA, i.e. the second timing advance); the common TA is broadcasted by a network side and is consistent to all terminals in a cell, and the terminal specific TA is TA which is obtained by each terminal through TA indication in an MAC RAR (media access request response, namely the indication information) from the network side or obtained by the terminal according to self positioning information and satellite ephemeris information;
the source base station 1 performs measurement configuration on the terminal, and the measurement result of the terminal is used for assisting the source base station 1 to perform handover decision. The terminal carries out measurement reporting according to the configuration result of the base station, and the source base station 1 carries out switching judgment according to the measurement reporting result of the terminal and a switching algorithm; when the switching needs to occur, the terminal accesses the target network equipment according to the two-step random access process.
As shown in fig. 3, the two-step random access procedure includes: the terminal sends a first message (MsgA) to the target network equipment, and the terminal accesses a response message (MsgB) of the first message fed back by the target network equipment; the two-step random access concentrates the Msg1 and the Msg3 in the original four-step random access into one step for sending, and is called MsgA; msg2 and Msg4 are further combined into MsgB.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, step 112 may comprise:
by the formula: TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA, and acquires a time advance compensation amount for transmitting the first message;
wherein TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal Specific time advance amount, and Delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference values of the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal, respectively.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, step 112 may comprise:
by the formula: TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA + N _ TA _ offset, and acquires the time advance compensation amount for sending the first message;
wherein TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal-Specific time advance amount, delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference between the source network device and the target network device respectively relative to the terminal, and N _ TA _ offset is a configuration value.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, step 112 may include: acquiring a time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message through a formula TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA + N _ TA _ offset + Rate _ TA;
wherein TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal Specific time advance amount, delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference value of the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal, respectively, and N _ TA _ offset is a configuration value; and the Rate _ TA is determined according to the mobility information of the terminal or the target network equipment.
Here, in the above embodiment, the source network device and the target network device are both satellites, and the Delta _ TA is determined according to the position information of the terminal and at least one of the spatial position, the operation altitude and the operation speed of the source network device and the target network device.
In the above embodiment, delta _ TA may be interacted between the source network device and the target network device, and after being determined according to the relevant information of the source network device, the target network device, and the terminal, the Delta _ TA may be indicated to the terminal by the source network device, for example, may be indicated to the terminal by an RRC reconfiguration message.
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the method for accessing a network may further include:
and receiving configuration information sent by the source network equipment, wherein the configuration information is used for indicating the target network equipment to which the terminal is to be accessed and/or indicating the terminal to be accessed to the target network equipment according to a two-step random access process.
Here, the configuration information may include first configuration information and/or second configuration information, where the first configuration information may be RRC (radio resource control) reconfiguration information indicating, to the terminal, a target network device to be accessed by the terminal, and the second configuration information may also be RRC configuration information indicating, to the terminal, that the terminal accesses the target network device by using a two-step random access procedure; of course, the first configuration information and the second configuration information may also be implemented by one configuration information, such as RRC reconfiguration information.
Step 112 may be implemented on the terminal side, may also be implemented on the network side, and may of course also be implemented on the terminal side and the network side.
When the terminal side is implemented, as shown in fig. 4, the specific process includes:
the source base station 1 indicates the terminal to compensate the time advance compensation amount TA when sending MsgA;
the method comprises the steps that a source base station 1 acquires ephemeris information of a target base station 2 through an inter-satellite link, acquires information such as a spatial position (such as longitude and latitude), an operating altitude and an operating speed of the target base station 2, and calculates a first difference value TA Delta _ TA1 of TA of the target base station 2 and a terminal relative to TA of the source base station 1 and the terminal according to the information, the information such as the spatial position information (such as longitude and latitude), the operating altitude and the operating speed of the original base station 1, the terminal position information and the like;
the source base station 1 adds Delta _ TA1 information in the RRC reconfiguration information and indicates the information to the terminal;
the terminal initiates a two-step random access process to the target base station 2, and completes the compensation of timing advance when the terminal sends MsgA to the target base station 2:
TA1＝Common_TA+Specific_TA+Delta_TA1+N_TA_offset；
wherein N _ TA _ offset is a value configured by higher layer signaling, and if not, is a system default value;
optionally, the sequence of step 6) and step 7) is not sequential, and indication information of the two-step random access procedure may be added in the RRC reconfiguration information.
In the implementation of the network, as shown in fig. 5, the target base station 2 completes TA precompensation on the network side before receiving MsgA:
the source base station 1 sends a first synchronization message required by the initial access of the terminal to the target base station 2 through the inter-satellite link. The first synchronization message comprises at least first TA information; wherein, the first TA information is Common _ TA and/or UE Specific _ TA of the terminal access source base station 1;
the target base station 2 acquires ephemeris information of the source base station 1 through an inter-satellite link, acquires information such as the spatial position (such as latitude and longitude), the operating altitude and the operating speed of the source base station 1 from the ephemeris information, and calculates a second difference value TA Delta _ TA2 of the TA of the target base station 2 and the terminal relative to the TA of the source base station 1 and the terminal according to the information and the terminal position information;
when the target base station 2 receives the MsgA sent by the detection terminal, the TA compensation is not carried out when the terminal side sends the MsgA, the TA precompensation is completed on the network side of the target base station 2, and the precompensated TA quantity is as follows: TA2= Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA2+ N _ TA _ offset;
optionally, in consideration of satellite mobility, whether the terminal side compensates TA1 or the network side pre-compensates TA2, a Rate _ TA may be superimposed, and the Rate _ TA is used for compensating for a time variation caused by satellite or terminal mobility, and the value may be calculated according to the mobility information.
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the network side and the terminal side of the target base station 2 compensate a part of TAs respectively; for example: the base station side compensates Common TA + Specific _ TA, and the terminal side compensates Delta _ TA1 or Delta TA2.
In a specific implementation example, as shown in fig. 6, the description is made by taking a source network device and a target network device as satellites:
the terminal needs to perform frequency offset pre-compensation when sending the MsgA, or performs frequency offset post-compensation after receiving the MsgA by the target base station 2.
Particularly, if the terminal is switched between different cells in the same satellite, information interaction between the satellites is not required at this time, and the specific process includes:
1. the base station sends RRC reconfiguration information to the terminal, and indicates the terminal to access the target cell 2 by adopting a two-step random access mode through the configuration information;
2. the terminal adopts a two-step random access mode to send MsgA to the target cell 2, and the TA compensation is executed in two conditions:
example 1: source cell 1 instructs the terminal to perform additional TA compensation
The base station calculates the distance between the target cell 2 and the terminal according to the ephemeris information and the user position information, and calculates a first difference value TA Delta _ TA1 of the TA of the target cell 2 and the terminal relative to the TA of the source cell 1 and the TA of the terminal; the source cell 1 adds Delta _ TA1 information in the RRC reconfiguration information and indicates the information to the terminal;
the terminal needs to complete timing advance compensation when sending MsgA:
TA1＝Common_TA+Specific_TA+Delta_TA1+N_TA_offset；
example 2: target cell 2 completes TA precompensation before receiving MsgA
The base station calculates the distance between the target cell 2 and the terminal according to the ephemeris information and the user position information, and calculates a second difference TA Delta _ TA2 of the TA of the target cell 2 and the terminal relative to the TA of the source cell 1 and the TA of the terminal;
the target cell 2 completes the pre-compensation of the TA when receiving the MsgA sent by the detection terminal, and the compensated TA quantity is as follows: TA2= Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA2+ N _ TA _ offset;
in the above embodiment of the present invention, when a user accesses a new cell during handover, a two-step access mechanism is used, and in order to ensure that the MsgA of the two-step access can be correctly demodulated, TA compensation needs to be completed at the terminal side or the network side, which can satisfy the requirement that the user in the air-space-ground integrated system quickly accesses the network, thereby effectively reducing the time delay, signaling overhead and user power consumption during the random access process during terminal handover.
As shown in fig. 7, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for accessing a network, which is applied to a target network device, where the method includes:
and step 72, receiving the first message sent by the terminal according to the time advance compensation amount.
Optionally, the obtaining of the time advance compensation amount for sending the first message includes:
acquiring a time advance determined by information interaction between the terminal and the source network device and a time advance difference between the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal respectively, wherein the source network device is a network device accessed by the terminal before accessing the target network device;
and acquiring the time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message according to the time advance quantity determined by the information interaction between the terminal and the source network equipment and the time advance quantity difference.
Optionally, before obtaining the time advance compensation amount for sending the first message, the method further includes:
and interacting with the source network equipment to obtain a first time lead and/or a second time lead, wherein the first time lead is the time lead broadcasted by the source network equipment, the second time lead is the terminal specific time lead, and the terminal specific time lead is the time lead determined by the terminal according to the self-positioning information and the satellite ephemeris information or the time lead indicated to the terminal by the network side through the indication information.
Optionally, obtaining a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the information interaction between the terminal and the source network device and the time advance difference, includes:
by the formula: TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA, and acquires a time advance compensation amount for transmitting the first message;
wherein TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal Specific time advance amount, and Delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference values of the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal, respectively.
Optionally, obtaining a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the terminal and the source network device information interaction and the time advance difference, includes:
by the formula: TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA + N _ TA _ offset, and acquires a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message;
TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal Specific time advance amount, delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference between the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal, and N _ TA _ offset is a configuration value.
Optionally, obtaining a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the terminal and the source network device information interaction and the time advance difference, includes:
by the formula:
TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA + N _ TA _ offset + Rate _ TA, acquiring a time advance compensation amount for transmitting the first message;
wherein TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal-Specific time advance amount, delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference values of the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal, and N _ TA _ offset is a configuration value; and the Rate _ TA is determined according to the mobility information of the terminal or the target network equipment.
Optionally, the source network device and the target network device are both satellites, and the Delta _ TA is determined according to at least one of spatial positions, operating altitudes, and operating speeds of the source network device and the target network device, and location information of the terminal.
It should be noted that the method described in this embodiment is a method on the network side corresponding to the method on the terminal side, and all implementation manners in the method embodiment are applicable to the embodiment on the network side, and the same technical effects can be achieved.
As shown in fig. 8, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an apparatus 80 for accessing a network, which is applied to a terminal, where the apparatus 80 includes:
a processing module 81, configured to obtain a time advance compensation amount for sending a first message before the terminal sends the first message to a target network device according to a two-step random access procedure;
a transceiver module 82, configured to send the first message to the target network device according to the time advance compensation amount.
Optionally, the obtaining of the time advance compensation amount for sending the first message includes:
acquiring a time advance determined by information interaction between the terminal and the source network device and a time advance difference between the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal respectively, wherein the source network device is a network device accessed by the terminal before accessing the target network device;
and acquiring time advance compensation information for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the information interaction between the terminal and the source network equipment and the time advance difference.
Optionally, the obtaining of the time advance determined by information interaction between the terminal and the source network device includes:
the terminal interacts with the source network equipment through a four-step random access process to obtain a first time lead and/or a second time lead, wherein the first time lead is the time lead broadcasted by the source network equipment, the second time lead is the specific time lead of the terminal, and the specific time lead of the terminal is the time lead determined by the terminal according to the self-positioning information and the satellite ephemeris information or the time lead indicated to the terminal by the network side through the indication information.
Optionally, obtaining a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the terminal and the source network device information interaction and the time advance difference, includes:
by the formula: TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA, and acquiring the time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message;
the TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal Specific time advance amount, and Delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference value of the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal.
Optionally, obtaining a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the terminal and the source network device information interaction and the time advance difference, includes:
by the formula: TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA + N _ TA _ offset, and acquires a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message;
wherein TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal-Specific time advance amount, delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference between the source network device and the target network device respectively relative to the terminal, and N _ TA _ offset is a configuration value.
Optionally, obtaining a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the terminal and the source network device information interaction and the time advance difference, includes:
by the formula:
TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA + N _ TA _ offset + Rate _ TA, acquiring a time advance compensation amount for transmitting the first message;
wherein TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal-Specific time advance amount, delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference values of the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal, and N _ TA _ offset is a configuration value; and the Rate _ TA is determined according to the mobility information of the terminal or the target network equipment.
Optionally, the source network device and the target network device are both satellites, and the Delta _ TA is determined according to at least one of a spatial position, an altitude, and a speed of the source network device and the target network device, and the location information of the terminal.
It should be noted that the apparatus is an apparatus corresponding to the above method, and all the implementations in the above method embodiment are applicable to the embodiment of the apparatus, and the same technical effects can be achieved.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a terminal, including:
the processor is used for acquiring the time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message before the terminal sends the first message to the target network equipment according to the two-step random access process;
a transceiver, configured to send the first message to the target network device according to the time advance compensation amount.
Optionally, the obtaining of the time advance compensation amount for sending the first message includes:
acquiring a time advance determined by information interaction between the terminal and the source network device and a time advance difference between the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal respectively, wherein the source network device is a network device accessed by the terminal before accessing the target network device;
and acquiring time advance compensation information for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the information interaction between the terminal and the source network equipment and the time advance difference.
Optionally, the obtaining of the time advance determined by information interaction between the terminal and the source network device includes: the terminal interacts with the source network equipment through a four-step random access process to obtain a first time lead and/or a second time lead, wherein the first time lead is the time lead broadcasted by the source network equipment, the second time lead is the specific time lead of the terminal, and the specific time lead of the terminal is the time lead determined by the terminal according to self-positioning information and satellite ephemeris information or the time lead indicated to the terminal by the network side through indication information.
Optionally, obtaining a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the terminal and the source network device information interaction and the time advance difference, includes:
by the formula: TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA, and acquires a time advance compensation amount for transmitting the first message;
wherein TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal Specific time advance amount, and Delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference values of the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal, respectively.
Optionally, obtaining a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the information interaction between the terminal and the source network device and the time advance difference, includes:
by the formula: TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA + N _ TA _ offset, and acquires the time advance compensation amount for sending the first message;
TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal Specific time advance amount, delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference between the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal, and N _ TA _ offset is a configuration value.
Optionally, obtaining a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the information interaction between the terminal and the source network device and the time advance difference, includes:
by the formula:
TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA + N _ TA _ offset + Rate _ TA, and acquires a time advance compensation amount for transmitting the first message;
wherein TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal Specific time advance amount, delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference value of the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal, respectively, and N _ TA _ offset is a configuration value; and the Rate _ TA is determined according to the mobility information of the terminal or the target network equipment.
Optionally, the source network device and the target network device are both satellites, and the Delta _ TA is determined according to at least one of a spatial position, an altitude, and a speed of the source network device and the target network device, and the location information of the terminal.
It should be noted that the apparatus is a terminal corresponding to the method, and all implementation manners in the method embodiment are applicable to the embodiment of the terminal, and the same technical effect can be achieved.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a device for accessing a network, which is applied to target network equipment, and the device comprises:
the processing module is used for acquiring the time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message before the receiving terminal sends the first message to the target network equipment according to the two-step random access flow;
and the receiving and sending module is used for receiving the first message sent by the terminal according to the time advance compensation quantity.
Optionally, the obtaining of the time advance compensation amount for sending the first message includes:
acquiring a time advance determined by information interaction between the terminal and the source network device and a time advance difference between the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal respectively, wherein the source network device is a network device accessed by the terminal before accessing the target network device;
and acquiring the time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message according to the time advance quantity determined by the information interaction between the terminal and the source network equipment and the time advance quantity difference.
Optionally, before obtaining the time advance compensation amount for sending the first message, the method further includes:
and interacting with the source network equipment to obtain a first time lead and/or a second time lead, wherein the first time lead is the time lead broadcasted by the source network equipment, the second time lead is the specific time lead of the terminal, and the specific time lead of the terminal is the time lead determined by the terminal according to the self-positioning information and the satellite ephemeris information or the time lead indicated to the terminal by the network side through the indication information.
Optionally, obtaining a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the information interaction between the terminal and the source network device and the time advance difference, includes:
by the formula: TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA, and acquires a time advance compensation amount for transmitting the first message;
wherein TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal Specific time advance amount, and Delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference values of the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal, respectively.
Optionally, obtaining a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the terminal and the source network device information interaction and the time advance difference, includes:
by the formula: TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA + N _ TA _ offset, and acquires the time advance compensation amount for sending the first message;
wherein TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal-Specific time advance amount, delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference between the source network device and the target network device respectively relative to the terminal, and N _ TA _ offset is a configuration value.
Optionally, obtaining a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the information interaction between the terminal and the source network device and the time advance difference, includes:
by the formula:
TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA + N _ TA _ offset + Rate _ TA, and acquires a time advance compensation amount for transmitting the first message;
wherein TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal-Specific time advance amount, delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference values of the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal, and N _ TA _ offset is a configuration value; and the Rate _ TA is determined according to the mobility information of the terminal or the target network equipment.
Optionally, the source network device and the target network device are both satellites, and the Delta _ TA is determined according to at least one of a spatial position, an altitude, and a speed of the source network device and the target network device, and the location information of the terminal.
It should be noted that the apparatus is an apparatus corresponding to the above method, and all the implementations in the above method embodiment are applicable to the embodiment of the apparatus, and the same technical effects can be achieved.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a network device, including:
the processor is used for acquiring the time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message before the receiving terminal sends the first message to the target network equipment according to the two-step random access flow;
and the transceiver is used for receiving the first message sent by the terminal according to the time advance compensation quantity.
Optionally, the obtaining of the time advance compensation amount for sending the first message includes:
acquiring a time advance determined by information interaction between the terminal and the source network device and a time advance difference between the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal respectively, wherein the source network device is a network device accessed by the terminal before accessing the target network device;
and acquiring the time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message according to the time advance quantity determined by the information interaction between the terminal and the source network equipment and the time advance quantity difference.
Optionally, before obtaining the time advance compensation amount for sending the first message, the method further includes:
and interacting with the source network equipment to obtain a first time lead and/or a second time lead, wherein the first time lead is the time lead broadcasted by the source network equipment, the second time lead is the terminal specific time lead, and the terminal specific time lead is the time lead determined by the terminal according to the self-positioning information and the satellite ephemeris information or the time lead indicated to the terminal by the network side through the indication information.
Optionally, obtaining a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the terminal and the source network device information interaction and the time advance difference, includes:
by the formula: TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA, and acquires a time advance compensation amount for transmitting the first message;
wherein TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal Specific time advance amount, and Delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference values of the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal, respectively.
Optionally, obtaining a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the terminal and the source network device information interaction and the time advance difference, includes:
by the formula: TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA + N _ TA _ offset, and acquires a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message;
wherein TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal-Specific time advance amount, delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference between the source network device and the target network device respectively relative to the terminal, and N _ TA _ offset is a configuration value.
Optionally, obtaining a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the terminal and the source network device information interaction and the time advance difference, includes:
by the formula:
TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA + N _ TA _ offset + Rate _ TA, acquiring a time advance compensation amount for transmitting the first message;
wherein TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal Specific time advance amount, delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference value of the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal, respectively, and N _ TA _ offset is a configuration value; and the Rate _ TA is determined according to the mobility information of the terminal or the target network equipment.
Optionally, the source network device and the target network device are both satellites, and the Delta _ TA is determined according to at least one of spatial positions, operating altitudes, and operating speeds of the source network device and the target network device, and location information of the terminal.
It should be noted that the apparatus is a network device corresponding to the method, and all implementation manners in the method embodiment are applicable to the embodiment of the network device, and the same technical effect can be achieved.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a communication device, including: a processor, a memory storing a computer program which, when executed by the processor, performs the method as described above. All implementation manners in the method embodiment are applicable to the embodiment of the network device, and the same technical effect can be achieved.
Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method as described above. All the implementation manners in the above method embodiment are applicable to the embodiment of the network device, and the same technical effect can be achieved.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
It can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and simplicity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In the embodiments provided in the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one type of logical functional division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit.
The functions, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media capable of storing program codes, such as a U disk, a removable hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
Furthermore, it is to be noted that in the device and method of the invention, it is obvious that the individual components or steps can be decomposed and/or recombined. These decompositions and/or recombinations are to be considered as equivalents of the present invention. Also, the steps of performing the series of processes described above may naturally be performed chronologically in the order described, but need not necessarily be performed chronologically, and some steps may be performed in parallel or independently of each other. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or any of the steps or elements of the method and apparatus of the present invention may be implemented in any computing device (including processors, storage media, etc.) or network of computing devices, in hardware, firmware, software, or any combination thereof, which can be implemented by those skilled in the art using their basic programming skills after reading the description of the present invention.
Thus, the objects of the invention may also be achieved by running a program or a set of programs on any computing device. The computing device may be a general purpose device as is well known. The object of the invention is thus also achieved solely by providing a program product containing program code for implementing the method or device. That is, such a program product also constitutes the present invention, and a storage medium storing such a program product also constitutes the present invention. It is to be understood that the storage medium may be any known storage medium or any storage medium developed in the future. It is further noted that in the apparatus and method of the present invention, it is apparent that each component or step can be decomposed and/or recombined. These decompositions and/or recombinations are to be regarded as equivalents of the present invention. Also, the steps of executing the series of processes described above may naturally be executed chronologically in the order described, but need not necessarily be executed chronologically. Some steps may be performed in parallel or independently of each other.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (16)
1. A method for accessing a network, the method being applied to a terminal and comprising:
before the terminal sends a first message to target network equipment according to a two-step random access process, acquiring a time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message;
and sending the first message to the target network equipment according to the time advance compensation quantity.
2. The method of accessing network according to claim 1, wherein obtaining the time advance offset for sending the first message comprises:
acquiring a time advance determined by information interaction between the terminal and the source network device and a time advance difference between the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal respectively, wherein the source network device is a network device accessed by the terminal before accessing the target network device;
and acquiring time advance compensation information for sending the first message according to the time advance determined by the information interaction between the terminal and the source network equipment and the time advance difference.
3. The method for accessing the network according to claim 2, wherein obtaining the timing advance determined by the terminal interacting with the source network device information comprises:
the terminal interacts with the source network equipment through a four-step random access process to obtain a first time lead and/or a second time lead, wherein the first time lead is the time lead broadcasted by the source network equipment, the second time lead is the specific time lead of the terminal, and the specific time lead of the terminal is the time lead determined by the terminal according to self-positioning information and satellite ephemeris information or the time lead indicated to the terminal by the network side through indication information.
4. The method for accessing a network according to claim 3, wherein obtaining a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message according to a time advance amount determined by information interaction between the terminal and the source network device and the time advance amount difference comprises:
by the formula: TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA, and acquires a time advance compensation amount for transmitting the first message;
wherein TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal Specific time advance amount, and Delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference values of the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal, respectively.
5. The method for accessing a network according to claim 3, wherein obtaining a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message according to a time advance amount determined by information interaction between the terminal and the source network device and the time advance amount difference comprises:
by the formula: TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA + N _ TA _ offset, and acquires a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message;
wherein TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal-Specific time advance amount, delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference between the source network device and the target network device respectively relative to the terminal, and N _ TA _ offset is a configuration value.
6. The method for accessing a network according to claim 3, wherein obtaining a time advance compensation amount for sending the first message according to a time advance amount determined by information interaction between the terminal and the source network device and the time advance amount difference comprises:
by the formula:
TA = Common _ TA + Specific _ TA + Delta _ TA + N _ TA _ offset + Rate _ TA, and acquires a time advance compensation amount for transmitting the first message;
wherein TA is the time advance compensation amount, common _ TA is the time advance amount broadcasted by the source network device, specific _ TA is the terminal Specific time advance amount, delta _ TA is the time advance amount difference value of the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal, respectively, and N _ TA _ offset is a configuration value; and the Rate _ TA is determined according to the mobility information of the terminal or the target network equipment.
7. The method for accessing network according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the source network device and the target network device are both satellites, and the Delta _ TA is determined according to at least one of the spatial position, the altitude, the speed of operation of the source network device and the target network device and the position information of the terminal.
8. A method for accessing a network, the method being applied to a target network device, the method comprising:
before a receiving terminal sends a first message to a target network device according to a two-step random access process, acquiring a time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message;
and receiving the first message sent by the terminal according to the time advance compensation quantity.
9. The method of accessing network according to claim 8, wherein obtaining the time advance offset for sending the first message comprises:
acquiring a time advance determined by information interaction between the terminal and the source network device and a time advance difference between the source network device and the target network device relative to the terminal respectively, wherein the source network device is a network device accessed by the terminal before accessing the target network device;
and acquiring the time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message according to the time advance quantity determined by the information interaction between the terminal and the source network equipment and the time advance quantity difference.
10. The method of accessing network according to claim 8, wherein before obtaining the time advance offset for sending the first message, further comprising:
and interacting with the source network equipment to obtain a first time lead and/or a second time lead, wherein the first time lead is the time lead broadcasted by the source network equipment, the second time lead is the terminal specific time lead, and the terminal specific time lead is the time lead determined by the terminal according to the self-positioning information and the satellite ephemeris information or the time lead indicated to the terminal by the network side through the indication information.
11. An apparatus for accessing a network, the apparatus being applied to a terminal, the apparatus comprising:
the processing module is used for acquiring the time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message before the terminal sends the first message to the target network equipment according to the two-step random access process;
and the transceiver module is used for sending the first message to the target network equipment according to the time advance compensation quantity.
12. A terminal, comprising:
the processor is used for acquiring the time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message before the terminal sends the first message to the target network equipment according to the two-step random access process;
a transceiver configured to send the first message to the target network device according to the time advance compensation amount.
13. An apparatus for accessing a network, the apparatus being applied to a target network device, the apparatus comprising:
the processing module is used for acquiring the time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message before the receiving terminal sends the first message to the target network equipment according to the two-step random access process;
and the receiving and sending module is used for receiving the first message sent by the terminal according to the time advance compensation quantity.
14. A network device, comprising:
the processor is used for acquiring the time advance compensation quantity for sending the first message before the receiving terminal sends the first message to the target network equipment according to the two-step random access flow;
and the transceiver is used for receiving the first message sent by the terminal according to the time advance compensation quantity.
15. A communication device, comprising: a processor, a memory storing a computer program which, when executed by the processor, performs the method of any of claims 1 to 8 or the method of any of claims 9 to 10.
16. A computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 8 or the method of any one of claims 9 to 10.
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