CN115203643A - Hydrologic and ecological factor fused water source conservation function quantitative diagnosis method and system - Google Patents
Hydrologic and ecological factor fused water source conservation function quantitative diagnosis method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The hydrologic and ecological element fused water source conservation function quantitative diagnosis method and system comprise the following steps: acquiring spatial data and non-spatial data of a target watershed; acquiring key elements of a hydrological process of a target basin and ecological elements which are adapted to the basin and represent vegetation growth based on a hydrological model and a statistical analysis method; processing and calculating the acquired key elements of the hydrological process and ecological elements which are adapted to the watershed and represent vegetation growth; and constructing a comprehensive evaluation index matrix of the water source conservation function based on the key hydrological factors and the ecological factors, calculating the index of the water source conservation function, and diagnosing the water source conservation function of the basin. A comprehensive and objective method for quantitatively diagnosing and evaluating the water source conservation capacity of the watershed ecosystem is developed, an important way and method are provided for quantifying the change of the water source conservation function of the watershed ecosystem and improving the service function of the ecosystem, and theoretical support is provided for reasonably developing comprehensive management of the watershed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecological hydrology, in particular to a quantitative diagnosis method and system for a water source conservation function by fusing hydrology and ecological factors.
Background
Land water circulation and water resource health conditions are important prerequisites for ensuring regional sustainable development and ecosystem safety. The water source conservation function plays a vital role in the stability and sustainability of the regional ecosystem as an important part of ecosystem service, the weakening of the function can directly cause the phenomena of biological diversity reduction, land desertification aggravation, local regional weather deterioration and the like in the watershed ecosystem, so that the watershed ecosystem in dynamic balance originally is unbalanced, and the landscape structure and ecological function in the watershed ecosystem are further influenced.
In recent decades, a large amount of research on the service function of the watershed ecosystem, particularly the water source conservation function, has been conducted by scholars at home and abroad, and the research methods and research angles are various, and at present, the method for calculating the water source conservation function focuses on researching the change rule and the influence factors of single or few hydrological factors (such as surface runoff, soil water and yield), or only the change and the influence of vegetation growth conditions, and local analysis and discussion on site scale through field sampling are also studied. The assessment conclusion drawn from the perspective of water source conservation or hydrologic factors only, as a single data volume or short time scale, is subject to greater uncertainty. Most of works often neglect the integrity of the basin ecosystem and lack theoretical research of the water conservation function under the combined action of the hydrological process and the ecological system elements and multiple factors. The existing calculation method for the conservation function of most watershed water sources has fewer consideration factors, smaller scale and is also discontinuous in time sequence.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a quantitative diagnosis method and a system for a water source conservation function, which integrate hydrology and ecological elements, and solve the problem that the conservation function of conservation vegetation is difficult to reflect only when the conservation quantity of a watershed water source is discussed in the conventional method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the quantitative diagnosis method for the water source conservation function integrating hydrology and ecological factors comprises the following steps:
acquiring spatial data and non-spatial data of a target watershed;
acquiring key elements of a hydrological process of a target basin and ecological elements which are adapted to the basin and represent vegetation growth based on a hydrological model and a statistical analysis method;
processing and calculating the acquired key elements of the hydrological process and ecological elements which are adapted to the watershed and represent vegetation growth;
and constructing a comprehensive evaluation index matrix of the water source conservation function based on the key hydrological factors and the ecological factors, calculating the index of the water source conservation function, and diagnosing the water source conservation function of the basin.
Further, the spatial data comprises a digital elevation model, land utilization data, soil attribute data meteorological data, evapotranspiration data and total primary productivity data; non-spatial data includes hydrologic and literature data.
Further, the key elements of the watershed hydrological process include: soil water SW, evaporation capacity ET and surface fast flow Q s And water yield WY, wherein the ecological factors indicating the growth of the conservation vegetation in the water source conservation area are total primary productivity GPP factors, and GPP is the total amount of organic substances generated by a plant community in an ecological system in unit time and unit area.
Further, calculating the conservation quantity WR of the basin water source according to a water quantity balance theory, and selecting the variation coefficient of the water yield to represent the characteristic Cv WY ，Cv WY The calculation of the change of the water yield on the time scale through the scale of the watershed hydrological response unit specifically comprises the following steps:
after the SWAT hydrological model is verified and calibrated, statistical calculation and analysis are carried out on the SWAT model output file (output. Hru) by utilizing geographic information system software and R software. Extracting soil water SW, evaporation capacity ET and surface fast flow Q on basin hydrological response unit scale HRU by utilizing R program s HRU-by-HRU WR and Cv are performed according to the extracted hydrological factors, the water yield WY and the input precipitation P data WY Calculating;
the formula for calculating the water source conservation quantity WR is as follows:
WR i ＝P i -ET i -Q si (1)
in the formula: i represents a hydrological response unit number; WR is water source conservation quantity, mm; p is precipitation, mm; ET means evapotranspiration, mm; q S The quick flow rate of the earth surface is mm;
coefficient of variation of production flow Cv WY The statistical calculation of (2): the amplitude of WY change with time is expressed by Cv, and the average Mean of monthly-scale production flow of one hydrological response unit in a research area is statistically analyzed WY Standard deviation SD WY Then calculating the variation coefficient Cv of the output flow of each hydrological response unit WY The flow capacity of different underlying surface condition factors is different, and the variation coefficients are different; the larger the variation coefficient is, the larger the fluctuation of the water yield in a short time and the poor long-term water source conservation capacity under the factor of the underlying surface are shown; the smaller the variation coefficient is, the smaller the fluctuation of the water yield in a short time under the factor of the underlying surface is, and the relatively stronger the water conservation capacity of the underlying surface is;
Cv WY_i ＝SD WY_i /Mean WY_i (2)
in the formula: i is the number of a hydrological response unit HRU; cv WY_i The coefficient of variation of the output flow of the ith numbered hydrological response unit; SD WYi The standard deviation of the hydrological response unit WY numbered i; mean i Is the average value of the hydrological response unit WY of the number i.
Further, the processing of GPP data:
firstly, utilizing a Buffer function in the space analysis of a geographic information system according to the area of the basin outline; secondly, extracting the basin GPP according to the basin range and the area of the buffer area, and reclassifying the basin GPP data into data with block precision by using a 'Reclassification' function; then, performing regional statistical analysis by using a Zonal function according to the HRU to obtain a GPP spatial distribution pattern of the basin on the HRU scale; and (3) automatically calculating the process through Python program design to obtain the GPP data of HRU scale year by year in the basin.
Further, calculating a water conservation function index:
firstly, constructing a comprehensive assessment index matrix of the water conservation function based on key hydrological and ecological elements;
secondly, carrying out contribution homonymization and dimensionless treatment on the matrix aiming at the water conservation function evaluation index matrix;
calculating the weight of each index element of the water source conservation function index based on an entropy method;
and quantitatively calculating the water source conservation function index of the basin, and calculating the difference of the water source conservation function indexes under different land utilization types in a classified manner.
Further, establishing an evaluation matrix of the comprehensive evaluation index of the water conservation function:
A ij ＝[A i1 ,A i2 ,A i3 ,A i4 ,] T (3)
wherein: i represents an HRU number, and j represents an index element for evaluating the water source conservation function; a. The i1 SW, A representing hydrologic response element of No. i i2 WR, A of hydrologic response unit representing No. i i3 Cv representing hydrologic response unit of i-th number WY ，A i4 GPP representing hydrologic response unit of i-th number.
Further, the contribution of the water conservation function index evaluation index matrix is treated in the same direction and in a dimensionless way:
according to the contribution of each index to the water source conservation function, carrying out homodromous treatment, wherein SW, WR and GPP are positive indexes, cv WY Obtaining an evaluation matrix A' as a negative index;
adopting a Min-Max standardization method to carry out normalization processing, wherein the method is to carry out linear transformation on original data and adopt different algorithms to carry out normalization processing on positive indexes and negative indexes so that a normalization result value falls in a [0,1] interval;
the processing method of the forward direction index is shown in formula (4):
the processing method of the negative indicator is shown in formula (5):
in formulae (4) and (5): a is the index function value of each hydrological response unit, A max Maximum value of index data in the sequence, A min Is the minimum value of the index data in the sequence.
Further, the weight of each index element of the water source conservation function index is calculated based on an entropy method:
calculating the proportion of the ith sample value in the j index
Calculating entropy of j index
Computing information entropy redundancy
k j ＝1-q j (8)
Calculating the weight of each index
Calculating the water source conservation function index:
and (4) counting WRFIs of different land utilization types in a subarea mode by means of a geographic information system, and automatically processing the WRFIs of the generated annual sequence by utilizing Python.
Further, fuse hydrology and ecological factor's water source conservation function quantitative diagnosis system includes:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring spatial data and non-spatial data of the target watershed;
the element acquisition module is used for acquiring key elements of the hydrological process of the target watershed and ecological elements which are adapted to the watershed and represent vegetation growth based on a hydrological model and a statistical analysis method;
the element processing module is used for processing and calculating the acquired key elements of the hydrological process and ecological elements which are adapted to the river basin and represent vegetation growth;
and the diagnosis module is used for constructing a comprehensive evaluation index matrix of the water source conservation function based on the key hydrological factors and the ecological factors, calculating the index of the water source conservation function and diagnosing the water source conservation function of the basin.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the existing diagnosis method for the watershed water source function generally starts from the water balance, the conventional diagnosis method only considers the change rule and the influence of one or a few hydrological factors such as the water source conservation quantity, the soil water or the yield, and the like, and does not consider the function of the watershed water source conservation area for conserving the vegetation. On the basis of explaining the hydrological process of the drainage basin, the invention selects hydrological elements (soil water) capable of reflecting the water source conservation function of the drainage basin, the water source conservation quantity and Cv capable of reflecting the water production capacity difference of the drainage basin under different underlying surface conditions WY . In addition, the method comprehensively diagnoses and evaluates the river basin water source conservation function by combining with ecological factors for indicating the growth of the river basin vegetation so as to solve the problem that the conservation vegetation function is difficult to reflect only when the river basin water source conservation quantity is discussed in the prior art. A comprehensive and objective method for quantitatively diagnosing and evaluating the water source conservation capacity of the watershed ecosystem is developed, an important way and method are provided for quantifying the change of the water source conservation function of the watershed ecosystem and improving the service function of the ecosystem, and theoretical support is provided for reasonably developing comprehensive management of the watershed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an algorithm for water conservation function index;
FIG. 2 is a spatiotemporal distribution diagram of a watershed water source conservation function index in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a difference diagram of water conservation function indexes for different types of land use targets in an embodiment of the invention;
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1 to 3 of the drawings,
the invention provides a scheme for quantitatively evaluating the water conservation function of a drainage basin based on a hydrological process and hydrological factors, and aims to solve the problem that in the prior art, the evaluation and calculation of the water conservation function only considers the hydrological process and neglects the important function of conservation vegetation. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative embodiments of the invention for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to practice the invention with a degree of particularity effective for practicing the invention. The embodiments are merely examples of the present invention and individual components and functions are optional and may be modified.
The invention aims to provide a scheme for estimating the conservation function of a watershed water source based on an ecological hydrological process and ecological elements, which embodies the conservation vegetation function by combining the ecological elements for indicating the growth of the watershed vegetation on the basis of quantitatively calculating the hydrological process of the watershed and comprehensively evaluates the conservation function of the watershed water source so as to solve the problem that the conservation function of the watershed water source is difficult to reflect only by discussing the conservation quantity of the watershed water source in the prior art. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme, which specifically comprises:
(1) Obtaining key elements of hydrological process of target drainage basin and representing ecological elements of vegetation growth
The method comprises the steps of obtaining space data (a digital elevation model, land utilization data, soil attribute data meteorological data, evapotranspiration data and total primary productivity data) and non-space data (hydrologic data, literature data and the like) with certain resolution of a target drainage basin according to research requirements, and obtaining key elements of a hydrologic process of the target drainage basin and ecological elements which are adaptive to vegetation growth and represent the drainage basin based on a hydrologic model and a statistical analysis method. Wherein, the key elements of the watershed hydrological process comprise: soil Water (SW), evaporation capacity (ET), surface rapid flow (Q) s ) And Water Yield (WY) indicating the ecology of the growth of the conservation vegetation in the water conservation areaThe element selects a total primary productivity (GPP) element. Calculating the conservation quantity (WR) of the basin water source according to a water quantity balance theory; the vegetation water production characteristics of different land utilization have difference in duration, and the variation coefficient of the water production is selected to represent the characteristics (Cv) WY )，Cv WY And (4) calculating the change of the water yield on the time scale through the scale of the basin hydrological response unit.
(2) Method for quantitatively diagnosing river basin water source conservation function through calculation of water source conservation function index
Firstly, constructing a comprehensive evaluation index matrix of the water conservation function based on key hydrological factors and ecological factors; secondly, carrying out contribution homonymization and dimensionless treatment on the matrix aiming at the water conservation function evaluation index matrix; thirdly, calculating the weight of each index element of the water source conservation function index based on an entropy method; and fourthly, quantitatively calculating the water source conservation function index of the drainage basin, and calculating the difference of the water source conservation function indexes under different land utilization types in a classified manner.
The following detailed description is made in conjunction with the embodiments and the operation steps. The method comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting a watershed of a research area and acquiring related data of the research area
The invention takes a Wei river basin as a research area, the Wei river basin is located between 106 degrees 18-110 degrees 37 'and 33 degrees 42-37 degrees 20' of north latitude, and the basin area is about 13.48 multiplied by 104km2; preparation of research data, by collecting space data (digital elevation model, land utilization data, soil attribute data meteorological data, evapotranspiration data and total primary productivity data) and non-space data (hydrological data, literature data and the like), relevant information of data sources is as shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 data Source related information
The second step is that: selection of evaluation index elements in water conservation function index (WRFI)
The hydrological factors are Soil Water (SW), water conservation quantity (WR) and coefficient of variation (Cv) of water yield WY ). SW and WR are important indexes for evaluating the regional water source conservation function, and the regional water source conservation function condition is usually evaluated by calculating WR in the conventional water source conservation function evaluation method; the Water Yield (WY) of different land utilization types changes with time differently, the forest land is more continuous than the grassland and farmland, the change range of the water yield is smaller, and the coefficient of variation (Cv) of the water yield is selected WY ) To characterize the above characteristics.
The ecological factors are selected from the total primary productivity (GPP), which is the total amount of organic substances produced by the plant community in the ecosystem per unit time and unit area. In the evaluation of the water source conservation function, the ecological elements are important indexes for reflecting the water source conservation function of the region, and the GPP can comprehensively reflect the difference of vegetation growth conditions under different land utilization types of the conservation water source region of the drainage basin.
The third step: processing and calculating index elements in water source conservation function index
By collecting spatial data (digital elevation model, land utilization data, soil attribute data and meteorological data) and non-spatial data (hydrologic data, literature data and the like) from the Wei river basin, the real-scale runoff data of the Hua county station, the shy head station and the forest village station are selected in the example for calibration and verification by means of hydrologic model (SWAT) simulation, and then the ET value simulated by the model is verified by using MODIS remote sensing evaporation data.
After the SWAT hydrological model is verified and calibrated, statistical calculation and analysis are carried out on the SWAT model output file (output. Hru) by using geographic information system software and R software. SW, ET, QS, WY and input precipitation (P) data on a Wei river basin hydrological response unit scale (HRU) are extracted by an R program. Performing HRU-by-HRU WR and Cv according to the extracted hydrological elements WY And (4) calculating.
The formula for calculating the water source conservation quantity (WR) is as follows:
WR i ＝P i -ET i -Q si (1)
in the formula: i represents a hydrological response unit number; WR is water source conservation quantity, mm; p is precipitation, mm; ET means evapotranspiration, mm; q S Means the surface rapid flow, mm.
Coefficient of variation of production flow (Cv) WY ) The statistical calculation of (2). WY is one of important indexes for representing water source conservation capacity, the amplitude of the WY changing along with time can be expressed by Cv, and the invention utilizes the Cv WY As one of the indexes for evaluating the water source conservation capacity, the calculation method is more complex than the hydrological index. Statistical analysis of the Mean monthly-scale production of individual hydrologic response units (Mean) within the study area WY ) Standard Deviation (SD) WY ) Then calculating the variation coefficient (Cv) of the output flow of each hydrologic response unit WY ) Different underlying surface conditions have different flow capacity factors, and different coefficient of variation. The larger the variation coefficient is, the larger the fluctuation of the water yield in a short time and the poor long-term water source conservation capacity under the underlying surface factor are shown; the smaller the variation coefficient is, the smaller the fluctuation of the water yield in a short time under the factor of the underlying surface is, and the relatively stronger the water conservation capability of the underlying surface is.
Cv WY_i ＝SD WY_i /Mean WY_i (2)
In the formula: i is the Hydrological Response Unit (HRU) number; cv WY_i The coefficient of variation of the output flow of the ith numbered hydrological response unit; SD WYi The standard deviation of the hydrological response unit WY numbered i; mean is a measure of the Mean i The average value of the number i of the hydrological response units WY is shown.
And (4) processing GPP data. GPP data obtained by the research is nationwide scale (1 km multiplied by 1 km), and in order to ensure precision adaptation, firstly, a Buffer function in geographic information system space analysis is utilized according to the contour area of the Wei river basin, and a Buffer area is arranged by extending 3km by taking the Wei river basin as a boundary; secondly, extracting the Wei river basin GPP according to the Wei river basin range and the buffer area, and reclassifying the data of the Wei river basin GPP into data with the precision of 30m multiplied by 30m by using a 'Reclassy' function; then, carrying out regional statistical analysis by using a Zonal function according to the HRU to obtain a GPP spatial distribution pattern of the Wei river basin on the HRU scale; the process is automatically calculated and GPP data of the HRU scale year by year in the Weighe basin is obtained through Python program design.
The fourth step: calculation of water source conservation function index
The following explains the water source conservation function index algorithm flow in detail:
1. and acquiring hydrological elements output by SWAT simulation by means of hydrological model simulation, and processing and calculating key ecological elements representing vegetation growth.
2. Establishing an evaluation matrix of the comprehensive evaluation index of the water conservation function:
A ij ＝[A i1 ,A i2 ,A i3 ,A i4 ,] T (3)
wherein: i represents an HRU number, and j represents an index element for evaluating the water source conservation function; a. The i1 SW, A representing hydrologic response element of No. i i2 WR, A representing hydrologic response element of i-th number i3 Cv representing hydrologic response unit of i-th number WY And Ai4 represents the GPP of the i-th numbered hydrological response unit.
3. And carrying out homonymization and dimensionless treatment on the contribution of the water conservation function index evaluation index matrix.
The evaluation matrix established by the first step is treated in the same direction according to the contribution of each index to the water source conservation function (SW, WR and GPP are forward indexes, cv WY As a negative indicator) to obtain an evaluation matrix a'.
Since the unit or magnitude of the multi-index is different, the evaluation index is subjected to the quantitative removal and tempering treatment. The invention adopts a Min-Max standardization method to carry out normalization processing, the method is to carry out linear transformation on original data and adopt different algorithms to carry out normalization processing on positive indexes and negative indexes so that a result value of normalization falls in a range of [0,1 ].
The processing method of the forward direction index is shown in formula (4):
the processing method of the negative index is shown in formula (5):
in formulae (4) and (5): a is the index function value of each hydrological response unit, A max Maximum value of index data in the sequence, A min Is the minimum value of the index data in the sequence.
4. And calculating the weight of each index element of the water source conservation function index based on an entropy method.
Calculating the proportion of the ith sample value in the j index
Calculating entropy of j index
Computing information entropy redundancy
k j ＝1-q j (8)
Calculating the weight of each index
5. And (4) calculating the water conservation function index.
The space-time distribution diagram of the water conservation function index in the Weihe basin from 2000 to 2015 is shown in FIG. 2:
6. the WRFIs of different land utilization types are counted in a subarea mode by means of a geographic information system, python is utilized to realize automatic processing of the annual changes of the WRFIs of the generated annual sequence, the annual changes of the woodland, the grassland and the farmland WRFIs in the Wei river basin are shown in figure 3, and the WRFIs are sorted according to size: the invention can reflect the water conservation function status of different land utilization types.
The conventional method for calculating the conservation function of the watershed water source focuses on studying the change rule and the influence factors of single or few hydrological factors (such as surface runoff, soil water and yield), or locally analyzing and discussing the change rule and the influence factors by field sampling on the site scale. The evaluation conclusion obtained only from the perspective of the water source conservation quantity or the hydrologic elements has great uncertainty, the integrity of the basin ecosystem is ignored, and the content of the water source conservation function under the combined action of the hydrologic process and the elements of the ecosystem by multiple factors is lacked. The conventional calculation method for the conservation function of most watershed water sources has fewer consideration factors, smaller scale and discontinuous time sequence.
Therefore, on the basis of explaining the watershed hydrological process, the conservation vegetation function is embodied by combining the ecological elements for indicating the growth of the watershed vegetation, and the watershed water source conservation function is comprehensively evaluated, so that the problem that the conservation vegetation function is difficult to reflect only by discussing the watershed water source conservation quantity in the conventional method is solved. A comprehensive and objective quantitative diagnosis and evaluation method for the water source conservation capacity of the watershed ecosystem is researched and developed, an important way and method are provided for quantifying the water source conservation function change of the watershed ecosystem and improving the service function of the ecosystem, and theoretical support is provided for reasonably developing comprehensive treatment of the watershed.
Claims (10)
1. The hydrologic and ecological element-fused quantitative diagnosis method for the water conservation function is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring spatial data and non-spatial data of a target watershed;
acquiring key elements of a hydrological process of a target basin and ecological elements which are adapted to the basin and represent vegetation growth by means of a method based on a hydrological model and statistical analysis according to spatial data and non-spatial data;
processing and calculating the acquired key elements of the hydrological process and ecological elements which are adapted to the watershed and represent vegetation growth;
and constructing a comprehensive evaluation index matrix of the water source conservation function based on the key hydrological factors and the ecological factors, calculating the index of the water source conservation function, and diagnosing the water source conservation function of the basin.
2. The method for quantitatively diagnosing the water conservation function of integrating the hydrological and ecological elements as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spatial data includes a digital elevation model, land utilization data, soil attribute data meteorological data, evapotranspiration data and total primary productivity data; non-spatial data includes hydrologic and literature data.
3. The method for quantitatively diagnosing the water conservation function of integrating the hydrology and the ecological elements according to claim 1, wherein the key elements of the watershed hydrology process comprise: soil water SW, evaporation capacity ET and surface fast flow Q s And water yield WY, wherein the ecological factors indicating the growth of the conservation vegetation in the water source conservation area are total primary productivity GPP factors, and GPP is the total amount of organic substances generated by a plant community in an ecological system in unit time and unit area.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the conservation capacity WR of watershed water source is calculated according to the water balance theory, and the coefficient of variation of water yield is selected to represent the characteristic Cv WY ，Cv WY The calculation of the change of the water yield on the time scale through the scale of the watershed hydrological response unit specifically comprises the following steps:
after the SWAT hydrological model is verified and calibrated, statistical calculation and analysis are carried out on a SWAT model output file (output.hru) by utilizing geographic information system software and R software; extracting soil water SW, evaporation capacity ET and surface fast flow Q on river basin hydrological response unit scale HRU by utilizing R program s HRU-by-HRU WR and Cv are performed according to the extracted hydrological factors, the water yield WY and the input precipitation P data WY Calculating (1);
the formula for calculating the water source conservation quantity WR is as follows:
WR i ＝P i -ET i -Q si (1)
in the formula: i represents a hydrological response unit number; WR is water source conservation quantity, mm; p is precipitation, mm; ET means evapotranspiration, mm; q S The quick flow rate of the earth surface is mm;
coefficient of variation Cv of production flow WY The statistical calculation of (2): the amplitude of WY change with time is expressed by Cv, and the average Mean of monthly-scale production flow of one hydrological response unit in a research area is statistically analyzed WY Standard deviation SD WY Then calculating the variation coefficient Cv of the output flow of each hydrologic response unit WY The flow capacity of different underlying surface condition factors is different, and the variation coefficients are different; the larger the variation coefficient is, the larger the fluctuation of the water yield in a short time and the poor long-term water source conservation capacity under the factor of the underlying surface are shown; the smaller the variation coefficient is, the smaller the fluctuation of the water yield in a short time under the factor of the underlying surface is, and the relatively stronger the water conservation capacity of the underlying surface is;
Cv WY_i ＝SD WY_i /Mean WY_i (2)
in the formula: i is the number of a hydrological response unit HRU; cv WY_i The coefficient of variation of the output flow of the ith numbered hydrological response unit; SD WYi The standard deviation of the hydrological response unit WY numbered i; mean is a measure of the Mean i The average value of the number i of the hydrological response units WY is shown.
5. The method for quantitatively diagnosing the water conservation function of integrating the hydrology and the ecological elements according to claim 1, wherein the GPP data processing comprises:
firstly, utilizing a Buffer function in the space analysis of a geographic information system according to the area of the basin outline; secondly, extracting the basin GPP according to the basin range and the area of the buffer area, and reclassifying the basin GPP data into data with block precision by using a 'Reclassification' function; then, performing regional statistical analysis by using a Zonal function according to the HRU to obtain a GPP spatial distribution pattern of the basin on the HRU scale; and (3) automatically calculating the process through Python program design to obtain the GPP data of HRU scale year by year in the basin.
6. The quantitative diagnosis method for water conservation function integrating hydrology and ecological elements according to claim 1, wherein a water conservation function index is calculated:
firstly, constructing a comprehensive assessment index matrix of the water conservation function based on key hydrological and ecological elements;
secondly, carrying out contribution syntropy and dimensionless treatment on the matrix aiming at the water conservation function evaluation index matrix;
calculating the weight of each index element of the water source conservation function index based on an entropy method;
and quantitatively calculating the water source conservation function index of the basin, and calculating the difference of the water source conservation function indexes under different land utilization types in a classified manner.
7. The quantitative diagnosis method for water conservation function integrating hydrology and ecological elements according to claim 6, wherein an evaluation matrix of a comprehensive evaluation index of water conservation function is established:
A ij ＝[A i1 ,A i2 ，A i3 ，A i4 ，] T (3)
wherein: i represents an HRU number, and j represents an index element for evaluating the water source conservation function; a. The i1 SW, A representing hydrologic response element of No. i i2 WR, A representing hydrologic response element of i-th number i3 Cv representing hydrologic response unit of i-th number WY ，A i4 GPP representing hydrologic response unit of i-th number.
8. The quantitative diagnosis method for water conservation function integrating hydrology and ecological elements according to claim 6, wherein the contribution of the water conservation function index evaluation index matrix is treated in the same direction and in a dimensionless way:
according to the contribution of each index to the water source conservation function, carrying out homodromous treatment, wherein SW, WR and GPP are positive indexes, cv WY Obtaining an evaluation matrix A' as a negative indicator;
adopting a Min-Max standardization method to carry out normalization processing, wherein the method is to carry out linear transformation on original data and adopt different algorithms to carry out normalization processing on positive indexes and negative indexes so that a normalization result value falls in a [0,1] interval;
the processing method of the forward direction index is shown in formula (4):
the processing method of the negative index is shown in formula (5):
in formulae (4) and (5): a is the index function value of each hydrological response unit, A max Maximum value of index data in the sequence, A min Is the minimum value of the index data in the sequence.
9. The quantitative diagnosis method for water source conservation function integrating hydrology and ecological elements according to claim 6, wherein the weight of each index element of the water source conservation function index is calculated based on an entropy method:
calculating the proportion of the ith sample value in the j index
Calculating entropy of j index
Computing information entropy redundancy
k j ＝1-q j (8)
Calculating the weight of each index
Calculating the water source conservation function index:
and (4) counting WRFIs of different land utilization types in a subarea mode by means of a geographic information system, and automatically processing the WRFIs of the generated annual sequence by utilizing Python.
10. Hydrology and ecological element's water source conservation function quantitative diagnosis system fuses, its characterized in that includes:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring spatial data and non-spatial data of the target watershed;
the element acquisition module is used for acquiring key elements of the hydrological process of the target drainage basin and ecological elements which are adapted to the drainage basin and represent vegetation growth based on a hydrological model and a statistical analysis method;
the element processing module is used for processing and calculating the acquired key elements of the hydrological process and ecological elements which are adapted to the watershed and represent vegetation growth;
and the diagnosis module is used for constructing a comprehensive water conservation function evaluation index matrix based on the key hydrological and ecological elements, calculating a water conservation function index and diagnosing the water conservation function of the basin.
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| CN118396227A (en) * | 2024-05-07 | 2024-07-26 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Data fusion treatment method based on multi-element heterogeneous geographic information |
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| CN115730455B (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-09-05 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | WEP model-based calculation method for conservation amount of different underlying surface water sources |
| CN118396227A (en) * | 2024-05-07 | 2024-07-26 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Data fusion treatment method based on multi-element heterogeneous geographic information |
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