CN115202064A - Stereoscopic image display device - Google Patents
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- CN115202064A CN115202064A CN202110389402.5A CN202110389402A CN115202064A CN 115202064 A CN115202064 A CN 115202064A CN 202110389402 A CN202110389402 A CN 202110389402A CN 115202064 A CN115202064 A CN 115202064A
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- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
- G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
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- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
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- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stereoscopic image display device which comprises a plane display unit, a lens array unit and a spacing unit. The flat display unit has a display surface. The lens array unit comprises at least one condensing lens, and the condensing lens is arranged on one side of the display surface. The spacing unit is arranged between the display surface and the condensing lens, so that the lens array unit and the plane display unit are arranged at intervals. In the light field system of the stereoscopic image display apparatus, an object distance from the display surface of the flat display unit to the condenser lens of the lens array unit is configured such that an absolute value of a Central Depth Plane (CDP) of the stereoscopic image display apparatus in the light field system is between 1mm and 200 mm. Therefore, the problem of poor display quality of the stereoscopic image can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a stereoscopic image display device, and more particularly, to a stereoscopic image display device for improving the display quality of a stereoscopic image.
Background
Generally, a stereoscopic display device has many different transparent layers between the display pixels and the lens array unit of the flat panel display, such as: optical material layer (such as protective film, diffusion sheet, brightness enhancement sheet, light guide plate 8230; etc.) covering the display pixels; or a lens support base layer for supporting the lens array unit.
However, the conventional stereoscopic display device does not have any special consideration in the design of the light-transmitting layer. Furthermore, the conventional stereoscopic display device does not have special consideration in the design of object distance (object distance) between the flat panel display and the lens array unit, so that the stereoscopic display device has poor display quality when imaging, for example: poor color block or resolution, and the like.
In summary, the present inventors have found that the above-mentioned deficiencies can be improved, and therefore, they have conducted intensive studies and applied the learning theory, and finally, have proposed a method of effectively improving the above-mentioned deficiencies with a reasonable design.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a stereoscopic display device, which is provided to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.
In order to solve the above technical problems, one technical solution of the present invention is to provide a stereoscopic image display device, including: a flat display unit having a display surface; a lens array unit including at least one condenser lens disposed at one side of the display surface; the spacing unit is arranged between the display surface and the condensing lens, so that the lens array unit and the plane display unit are arranged at intervals; wherein, in a light field system of the stereoscopic image display apparatus, an object distance between the display surface of the flat display unit and the condenser lens of the lens array unit is configured such that an absolute value of a Central Depth Plane (CDP) of the stereoscopic image display apparatus in the light field system is between 1mm and 200 mm.
Preferably, when the stereoscopic image display device is in operation, the display surface of the flat display unit is configured to generate an integrated image (integral image), light of the integrated image can sequentially penetrate through the spacing unit and the lens array unit, and the lens array unit is configured to reconverge the integrated image in a space above the stereoscopic image display device to form a recombined stereoscopic image (stereo image).
Preferably, the object distance between the display surface and the condenser lens satisfies the following formula: s = s1+ A 1 H; wherein s is the object distance; s1 is an equivalent pitch which is a pitch calculated by equating the spacing unit to an air layer; a. The 1 The position of the vertex of a first surface of the condenser lens is shown, and the first surface is the surface of the condenser lens facing the display surface; h is the position of a first main light spot of the condenser lens; and, A 1 H is A 1 Distance to H.
Preferably, the spacing unit includes a plurality of light-transmitting layers stacked on one another, the plurality of light-transmitting layers are sequentially defined as a first light-transmitting layer to an n-th light-transmitting layer from the display surface of the flat display unit to the direction of the condenser lens of the lens array unit, and n is a positive integer not less than 2.
Preferably, the first to N-th light-transmitting layers have a first thickness T1 to an N-th thickness Tn in order, and the first to N-th light-transmitting layers have a first refractive index N1 to an N-th refractive index Nn in order; wherein, the calculation formula of the equivalent spacing s1 is as follows:
preferably, the equivalent distance s1 is calculated by dividing the first thickness T1 to the nth thickness Tn by the first refractive index N1 to the nth refractive index Nn, and then summing up the calculated N values to obtain the equivalent distance s1.
Preferably, the number of the light-transmitting layers of the spacing unit is between 2 and 20; in the plurality of light-transmitting layers, each light-transmitting layer has a thickness between 0.01mm and 30mm, and each light-transmitting layer has a refractive index between 1 and 2.
Preferably, the plurality of light-transmitting layers of the spacing unit includes at least one optical material layer covering the display surface of the flat panel display unit and at least one supporting base layer for supporting the condensing lenses of the lens array unit.
Preferably, the Central Depth Plane (CDP) of the stereoscopic image display apparatus in the light field system is calculated by substituting the object distance into a lens imaging formula of the light field system.
Preferably, the display surface of the flat panel display unit is a display pixel of a liquid crystal display; the condenser lens is at least one of a spherical lens, an aspherical lens, a lens group, a biconvex lens, a plano-convex lens, a meniscus lens, and a fresnel lens.
Preferably, the spacing unit is a light-transmitting layer having only a single-layer structure.
One of the advantages of the present invention is that the stereoscopic image display apparatus provided by the present invention can effectively improve the problem of poor stereoscopic image display quality by "in an optical field system of the stereoscopic image display apparatus, an object distance between the display surface of the flat panel display unit and the condenser lens of the lens array unit is configured such that an absolute value of a Central Depth Plane (CDP) of the stereoscopic image display apparatus in the optical field system is between 1mm and 200 mm", for example: poor color block or resolution, and the like.
For a better understanding of the features and technical content of the present invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description of the invention and accompanying drawings, which are provided for purposes of illustration and description only and are not intended to limit the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a stereoscopic image display apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention (the condensing lens is a lenticular lens).
FIG. 2 is a schematic view (I) of the optical path of the condensing lens of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged view of a region III in fig. 1, which shows a plurality of light-transmitting layers between the flat panel display unit and the lens array unit.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the condensing lens according to the present invention (II).
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a stereoscopic image display apparatus according to another embodiment of the invention (the condensing lens is a plano-convex lens).
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a stereoscopic image display apparatus according to another embodiment of the invention (the spacing unit is a single-layer structure).
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention disclosed herein are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand the advantages and effects of the present invention from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and its several details are capable of modifications and various changes in detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The drawings of the present invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be drawn to scale. The following embodiments are further detailed to explain the technical matters related to the present invention, but the disclosure is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that, although the terms "first," "second," "third," etc. may be used herein to describe various components or signals, these components or signals should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used primarily to distinguish one element from another element or from one signal to another signal. Additionally, the term "or" as used herein is intended to include any one or combination of the associated listed items, as the case may be.
[ stereoscopic image display apparatus ]
Referring to fig. 1, a stereoscopic image display device 100 (stereoscopic image display device) is provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. The stereoscopic image display apparatus 100 may be applied to the application fields of photoelectricity, medical treatment, military, exhibition, display, education, entertainment, consumer electronics, and the like. The stereoscopic image display apparatus 100 may be, for example, an active floating stereoscopic image display apparatus capable of displaying a stereoscopic image (stereo image) in a space above the stereoscopic image display apparatus 100. Furthermore, the stereoscopic display device 100 may be disposed on any suitable position, such as a desktop, a floor, or a ceiling, 8230, etc.
The stereoscopic image display apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a flat display unit 1, a lens array unit 2, and a spacer unit 3. The flat display unit 1 has a display surface 11 (also called a display pixel), the lens array unit 2 is disposed on one side of the display surface 11 of the flat display unit 1, and the spacing unit 3 is disposed between the flat display unit 1 and the lens array unit 2, so that the lens array unit 2 and the flat display unit 1 are disposed at a distance from each other through the spacing unit 3.
When the stereoscopic display device 100 operates, the display surface 11 of the flat display unit 1 is configured to emit light (or light cluster) to generate an integrated image (i.e., an image) whose light can sequentially penetrate through the spacing unit 3 and the lens array unit 2, and the lens array unit 2 is configured to reconverge the integrated image in the space above the stereoscopic display device 100 to form a stereoscopic image (i.e., stereo image).
Further, the flat display unit 1 is used for displaying a pattern of an integrated photography (integrated photography) technology, and the flat display unit 1 further includes an arithmetic element (not shown) for executing an algorithm. Furthermore, the integrated image displayed on the display surface 11 of the flat panel display unit 1 is generated by calculating and redrawing a flat image, but the invention is not limited thereto.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the flat display unit 1 can be, for example, an active flat display (active flat panel display). For example, the flat display unit 1 may be an electronic device having an LCD screen or an LED screen, such as a smart phone, a tablet computer, a flat screen \8230; and the like. The present invention is not limited with respect to the form and construction of the flat display unit 1. The planar display unit 1 is characterized in that the switching of the stereoscopic images can be controlled to achieve the effect of displaying dynamic pictures.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the flat display unit 1 can also be, for example, a passive flat display (passive flat display) device, which can only display static patterns and cannot change the image frame randomly. For example, the flat display unit 1 may be a light box drawing device, a mask drawing device, a printing drawing device \8230 \ 8230;, or other devices capable of displaying only static patterns.
Further, the lens array unit 2 has an ability to manipulate a light field (affinity of manipulating light field). The lens array unit 2 includes a plurality of condensing lenses 21, and the condensing lenses 21 are configured to adjust and control light angles of the stereoscopic image, so as to provide different angles for a user to view the stereoscopic image. Therefore, the user can feel the stereoscopic vision of the depth to the stereoscopic image.
The curvature of the mirror surface of each condensing lens 21 is determined by the material of the lens, and the lens array unit 2 can determine the display height of the stereoscopic image, the range of the viewing angle, and the degree of sharpness of the stereoscopic image in accordance with the arrangement of the flat display unit 1.
In some embodiments of the present invention, each of the condenser lenses 21 is made of a material having good optical characteristics. For example, the material of the condenser lens 21 is at least one selected from a group consisting of glass (glass), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), and Polyethylene (PE), but the present invention is not limited thereto. The material of the condensing lens 21 is consistent with the protection concept of the present invention as long as it has the light transmittance and the hardness suitable for forming the lens, and belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.
In some embodiments of the present invention, each of the condensing lenses 21 may be a kind of lens having a condensing power (or focusing power), such as a biconvex lens, a planoconvex lens, or a fresnel lens 8230; etc.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of the condensing lenses 21 are disposed on one side of the display surface 11 of the flat display unit 1, and the spacing unit 3 is disposed between the flat display unit 1 and the condensing lenses 21. Furthermore, the plurality of condensing lenses 21 are arranged in a matrix, staggered, or random manner, which is not limited by the invention.
Further, the spacing unit 3 is a plurality of light-transmissive layers 31 (light-transmissive layers) stacked on each other and disposed between the flat panel display unit 1 and the lens array unit 2. The spacing unit 3 can be used for spacing and supporting the flat panel display unit 1 and the lens array unit 2, and the spacing unit 3 can be used for providing light rays to penetrate therethrough.
It should be noted that the light-transmitting layer 31 may be, for example, a light-transmitting layer with a solid medium (such as OCA glue or glass), but the invention is not limited thereto. Light-transmitting layer 31 may also be, for example, a light-transmitting layer having a gaseous medium (such as air or other gas), or light-transmitting layer 31 may also be, for example, a light-transmitting layer having a liquid medium, which is not limited in the present invention. For example, in the plurality of light-transmitting layers 31, a part of the light-transmitting layer 31 may be designed as a light-transmitting layer having a solid medium, and another part of the light-transmitting layer 31 may be designed as a light-transmitting layer having a gaseous medium.
Generally, the stereoscopic display device 100 has a plurality of different light-transmitting layers between the display surface 11 (display pixels) of the flat display unit 1 and the lens array unit 2, for example: an optical material layer (such as protective film, diffusion sheet, brightness enhancement sheet, light guide plate 8230; etc.) covering the display surface 11 of the flat panel display unit 1; or a lens support base layer for supporting the lens array unit 2.
However, the conventional stereoscopic display device does not have any special consideration in the design of the light-transmitting layer. Furthermore, the conventional stereoscopic display device does not have special consideration in the design of object distance (object distance) between the flat panel display unit and the lens array unit, so that the stereoscopic display device has poor display quality during imaging, for example: poor color block or resolution, and the like.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the main technical feature of the present invention is that the object distance between the display surface 11 (display pixels) of the flat panel display unit 1 and the lens array unit 2 needs to satisfy a predetermined range (0.5 mm to 300mm, preferably 1mm to 150 mm) in design, and a CPD absolute value range obtained by substituting the object distance into the imaging formula needs to be between 1mm to 200mm, preferably 5mm to 150mm, so as to improve the problem of the quality degradation of the stereoscopic image in the prior art.
In order to clearly illustrate and understand the main technical features and technical effects of the present invention, the following description will sequentially refer to the lens parameters related to the embodiments of the present invention and the derivation steps related to the imaging formula. Wherein, the deriving step comprises in sequence:
derivation step 1-calculating the refractive index of the condenser lens;
derivation step 2-deriving the position of the main spot/main plane of the condenser lens;
derivation step 3-calculating the equivalent distance between the display surface of the flat display unit and the condensing lens (i.e. the spacing unit is equivalent to an air layer); and
and 4, derivation step of calculating the imaging distance.
[ lens parameters ]
Referring to fig. 2, the condenser lens according to the embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by using a biconvex lens (biconvex lenses) as an example, and the condenser lens has the following parameters.
The lens parameters from the display surface of the plane display unit to the condensing lens are as follows:
n: the refractive index of the incident surface medium, that is, the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer between the display surface of the flat display unit and the condenser lens.
A 1 : the vertex or optical midpoint of the first surface of the condenser lens. Wherein the first surface is a surface of the condensing lens facing the flat display unit. In this embodiment, the condensing lens is a biconvex lens, and the first surface of the condensing lens is a convex curved surface and can be defined as a first curved surface, but the invention is not limited thereto. For example, the condenser lens may also be a planoconvex lens (planoconvex lens), for example, and the first surface of the condenser lens may be a flat surface, for example.
r 1 (not shown): a radius of curvature of the first surface of the condenser lens.
H: the condenser lens is the first main spot/plane in the imaging system.
F: a first focus in the imaging system.
F (distance H-F): the first focal length in the imaging system is long, i.e. the distance of the first main spot/plane H to the first focus F.
A 1 -distance of F: the front focal length in the imaging system is long, i.e. the vertex A of the first surface 1 Distance to the first focal point F.
A 1 Distance of-H: vertex A of first surface in condenser lens 1 Distance to the first main spot/plane H.
The lens parameters of the condensing lens are as follows:
n': the refractive index of the condenser lens itself.
d: thickness of the condensing lens itself (i.e., A) 1 To A 2 Distance (d).
The lens parameters from the condensing lens to the stereoscopic image are as follows:
n': the refractive index of the exit surface medium, that is, the refractive index of the material medium or the air medium between the condensing lens and the stereoscopic image.
A 2 : the vertex or optical midpoint of the second surface of the condenser lens. Wherein the second surface is a surface of the condensing lens away from the flat display unit. In this embodiment, the condensing lens is a biconvex lens, and the second surface of the condensing lens is also a convex curved surface and can be defined as a second curved surface.
r 2 (not shown): a radius of curvature of the second surface of the condenser lens.
H': the condenser lens is the second main spot/plane in the imaging system.
F': a second focal point in the imaging system.
F "(distance of H' -F"): the second focal length in the imaging system is long, i.e. the distance of the second main spot/plane H "to the second focal point F".
A 2 -distance of F ": the back focal length in the imaging system is long, i.e. the vertex A of the second surface 2 To the second focal point F ".
A 2 -distance of H ": vertex A of the second surface in the condenser lens 2 To the second main spot/plane H ".
Among the above parameters, n and r 1 、n’、d、n”、r 2 The known physical quantities are used for calculating the actual needed physical quantities, and the physical quantities are substituted into the subsequent formula to derive other parameters.
In addition, it is worth mentioning that, in the above imaging system, if the first surface is a convex lens curved surface, r is 1 The value of (b) is a positive value; if the first surface is a concave lens curved surface, then r 1 The value of (b) is negative. Further, if the second surface is a concave lens curved surface, r is 2 The value of (d) is a positive value; r if the second surface is a convex lens curved surface 2 The value of (b) is negative.
[ derivation step 1]
The derivation 1 is to calculate the refractive index of the condenser lens by using the above known physical quantities n and r 1 、n’、d、n”、r 2 Substituting into the following equations 1-1 and 1-2That is, P can be calculated respectively 1 And P 2 The numerical value of (c). Wherein, P 1 Is the refractive index (refractive index) of the first surface (first curved surface), and P 2 The refractive index of the second surface (second curved surface).
Then, P obtained by the above calculation 1 And P 2 Substituting the following equations 1-3, the value of P can be calculated. Wherein, P is the overall refractive index of the lens imaging system.
Then, F (the distance between H and F) and F ″ (the distance between H ″ -F ″) can be calculated by substituting the calculated P into the following equations 1 to 4. Where F (distance of H-F) is the first focal length in the imaging system, and F "(distance of H" -F ") is the second focal length in the imaging system.
[ derivation step 2]
The derivation step 2 is to derive the position of the main spot/main plane of the condenser lens by calculating the above-mentioned P 1 、P 2 And P, f "are substituted into the following formulas 2-1 and 2-2, so that the positions of the first main light spot/plane H and the second main light spot/plane H ″ of the condenser lens in the imaging system can be calculated respectively. Further, A 1 Distance of H and A 2 The distance of H "can also be calculated.
Wherein f is 1 Is the first focal length of the first surface (first curved surface), and f 1 ' is the second focal length of the first surface (first curved surface). Furthermore, f 2 ' is the first focal length of the second surface (second curved surface), and f 2 "is the second focal length of the second surface (second curved surface). The relationship between the above parameters is shown in the following equations 2-3 and 2-4.
[ derivation step 3]
Referring to fig. 3, the derivation step 3 is to calculate an equivalent distance s1 between the display surface 11 (display pixel) of the flat panel display unit 1 and the condensing lens 21 of the lens array unit 2. That is, the plurality of light-transmitting layers 31 of the spacing unit 3 are equivalent to an air layer, and the equivalent pitch s1 is a pitch calculated after the spacing unit 3 is equivalent to an air layer.
More specifically, the equivalent pitch s1 of the lens array unit 2 needs to be calculated before the parameters obtained in the above derivation step 1 and derivation step 2 are substituted into the imaging formula of the lens imaging system.
In the light field system for stereoscopic image imaging, the position of an object (object) is the display surface 11 (display pixel) of the flat display unit 1. However, in practical applications, the stereoscopic display device 100 has many different light-transmitting layers 31 between the display surface 11 (display pixels) of the flat display unit 1 and the condenser lenses 21 of the lens array unit 2, such as: an optical material layer (such as protective film, diffusion sheet, brightness enhancement sheet, light guide plate 8230; etc.) covering the display surface 11 of the flat panel display unit 1; or a lens support base layer for supporting the lens array unit 2. Therefore, the equivalent pitch s1 needs to be calculated first, that is, the thickness calculated after the spacing elements 3 are equivalent to the air layer.
As shown in fig. 3, the spacing unit includes a plurality of light-transmitting layers 31 stacked on each other, and a direction from the display surface 11 of the flat panel display unit 1 to the condensing lens 21 of the lens array unit 2 of the plurality of light-transmitting layers 31 can be sequentially defined as a first light-transmitting layer 311 to an n-th light-transmitting layer 31n, where n is a positive integer not less than 2, preferably a positive integer between 2 and 20, and particularly preferably a positive integer between 2 and 10.
The first to N-th light-transmitting layers 311 to 31N each have a first thickness T1 to an N-th thickness Tn in this order, and the first to N-th light-transmitting layers 311 to 31N each have a first refractive index N1 to an N-th refractive index Nn in this order.
In the plurality of light-transmitting layers 31, each of the light-transmitting layers 31 (311 to 31 n) has a thickness between 0.01mm and 30mm, and the thickness of the plurality of light-transmitting layers 31 may be designed to be the same or different from each other, which is not limited in the present invention. The light-transmitting layer with the thickness of 0.01mm can be an OCA optical adhesive layer, and the light-transmitting layer with the thickness of 30mm can be a glass layer.
In the plurality of light-transmitting layers 31, each of the light-transmitting layers 31 (311 to 31 n) has a refractive index between 1 and 2, and refractive index designs of the plurality of light-transmitting layers 31 may be the same or different from each other, which is not limited in the present invention. Among them, the light-transmitting layer having a refractive index of 1 may be, for example, an air layer, and the light-transmitting layer having a refractive index of 2 may be, for example, a high refractive index glass layer.
The equivalent spacing s1 is calculated in the following formula 3-1.
That is, the equivalent pitch s1 is calculated by dividing the first thickness T1 to the nth thickness Tn by the first refractive index N1 to the nth refractive index Nn, respectively, to obtain the sum of N values. Thereby, the equivalent pitch s1 can be calculated.
[ derivation step 4]
Referring to fig. 4, the derivation step 4 is to calculate an image distance (image distance).
More specifically, in the imaging system of the stereoscopic image, the object distance s (object distance) is the distance from the object M (display surface, display pixel) to the first main light point H, that is, the object M to the vertex a of the first surface (first curved surface) 1 Is taken into the above-mentioned equivalent distance s1 plus the first surface vertex a 1 Distance a to the first main spot/plane H 1 H, which can be represented as the following formula 4-1.
s＝s1+A 1 H (formula 4-1)
Then, the numerical value of the image distance s ″ can be obtained by substituting the object distance s calculated by the equation 4-1 into the following imaging equation 4-2.
Then, substituting the image distance s 'calculated by the formula 4-2 into the following formula 4-3, the value of s2, i.e. the image M' (stereoscopic image) to the vertex A of the second surface (second curved surface) 2 The distance of (c).
s”＝s2+A 2 H "(formula 4-3)
From another perspective, the image distance s "is the distance from the image M" to the second principal point H ", i.e., the image M" to the second surface (second surface) vertex A 2 S2 plus the second surface vertex a 2 Distance a to the second main spot/plane H ″ 2 H”。
Here, s2 is the imaging plane with the most clear theoretical reconstructed stereoscopic image, i.e. the Central Depth Plane (CDP).
[ Range of the Central depth plane CDP ]
The condensing lens 21 of the lens array unit 2 of the stereoscopic image display apparatus 100 according to the embodiment of the invention can calculate the central depth plane CDP of the light field system of the stereoscopic image display apparatus 100 by using the above four derivation steps.
If the value of the central depth plane CDP is too small, it will cause the image quality of the stereo image with higher image height to be degraded. If the value of the central depth plane CDP is too large, it may cause a problem with color patches. Among them, a spherical lens, an aspherical lens, a lens group, a biconvex lens, a plano-convex lens, a meniscus lens, or a fresnel lens are all suitable as the condensing lens of the present invention.
The inventors of the present application have found that the value of the CDP has a better range according to simulation and experiment results. That is, the absolute value of the central depth plane CDP value (since the condition of negative image distance also applies) is between 1mm and 200mm, and preferably between 5mm and 150mm. The software for simulation may be, for example: ASAP, zemax, light Tools, RSSoft, code v, tracePro, but the invention is not limited thereto.
Based on the above conditions, the stereoscopic image generated by the stereoscopic image display apparatus 100 according to the embodiment of the invention can have better imaging quality (e.g., the stereoscopic image has better resolution and no color block problem).
In another aspect, the main technical feature of the present invention is that the object distance s (i.e. the equivalent distance s1 plus the first surface vertex a) between the display surface 11 (display pixel) of the flat display unit 1 and the condensing lens 21 of the lens array unit 2 1 Distance a to the first main spot/plane H 1 H) A predetermined range (0.5 mm to 300mm, preferably 1mm to 150 mm) is required to be satisfied in design, and an absolute value of a CPD obtained by substituting the predetermined range into an imaging formula of the light field system is required to be between 1mm to 200mm, and preferably between 5mm to 150mm. Thereby, the problem of the quality degradation of the stereoscopic image in the prior art can be effectively improved.
Further, in an integrated image (integral image) imaging system, the imaging system can be roughly divided into two types, i.e., a resolution-first imaging system and a depth-first imaging system, according to the relationship between the object distance and the focal length of the lens.
When the object distance is larger than the focal length, the mode of the imaging system is called resolution priority integral image mode (RPII mode for short). In this mode, the stereoscopic image display apparatus cannot restore a floating stereoscopic image having a high imaging height, but it can restore a floating stereoscopic image having a low imaging height. In contrast, in the integrated image mode with the priority resolution, the restored floating stereoscopic image can have better resolution.
When the object distance is very close to the focal distance, the mode of the imaging system is called depth priority integral image mode (DPII mode). In this mode, the light emitted from the display pixels on the display surface of the stereoscopic image display device can be regarded as parallel light, so the depth of field (DOF) of the stereoscopic image is deep. Moreover, the resolution of each imaging plane of the stereoscopic image with a higher or lower imaging height is poor (since the magnification of the light field system is much larger than that of the RPII system).
When the absolute value of the CDP value of the central depth plane is too small, it can be regarded as being close to the RPII mode, so that the imaging quality of the floating stereoscopic image with a high imaging height is rapidly reduced. When the absolute value of the CDP value of the center depth plane is too large, it can be regarded as being close to the DPII mode, i.e. the light emitted by the display pixels of the display surface of the stereoscopic image display device can be regarded as being close to parallel light. Since the pixels of a screen are generally composed of RGB sub-pixels (sub-pixels), when the light emitted by the display pixels is close to parallel light and the magnification of the light field system is large, the sub-pixels of three colors cannot be effectively mixed, thereby causing a color block problem.
As shown in fig. 5, in another embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of condensing lenses 21' of the lens array unit 2' of the stereoscopic display device 100' are all plano-convex lenses, and the design thereof is consistent with the protection concept of the present invention as long as the absolute value of the Central Depth Plane (CDP) is between 1mm and 200mm, and the invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 6, in another embodiment of the present invention, the spacing unit 3 'of the stereoscopic image display apparatus 100 ″ may also be, for example, a light-transmitting layer 31' having only a single-layer structure, which is consistent with the protection concept of the present invention as long as the absolute value of the Central Depth Plane (CDP) is between 1mm and 200 mm.
Further, the transparent layer 31' with a single-layer structure may be, for example, a transparent layer with a solid medium, a transparent layer with a gaseous medium, or a transparent layer with a liquid medium, which is not limited in the present invention.
[ advantageous effects of the embodiments ]
One of the advantages of the stereoscopic image display device provided by the embodiment of the invention is that "in an optical field system of the stereoscopic image display device, an object distance between the display surface of the flat display unit and the condenser lens of the lens array unit is configured to make an absolute value of a Central Depth Plane (CDP) of the stereoscopic image display device in the optical field system be between 1mm and 200 mm", so as to effectively improve the problem of poor stereoscopic image display quality, for example: poor color block or resolution, and the like.
The disclosure is only a preferred embodiment of the invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A stereoscopic image display apparatus, characterized by comprising:
a flat display unit having a display surface;
a lens array unit including at least one condensing lens disposed on one side of the display surface; and
the spacing unit is arranged between the display surface and the condensing lens so that the lens array unit and the plane display unit are arranged at intervals;
wherein, in a light field system of the stereoscopic image display apparatus, an object distance between the display surface of the flat display unit and the condenser lens of the lens array unit is configured such that an absolute value of a central depth plane of the stereoscopic image display apparatus in the light field system is between 1mm and 200 mm.
2. The stereoscopic display apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the display surface of the flat display unit is configured to generate an integrated image when the stereoscopic display apparatus is in operation, light of the integrated image can sequentially penetrate through the spacing unit and the lens array unit, and the lens array unit is configured to reconverge the integrated image in a space above the stereoscopic display apparatus to form a recombined stereoscopic image.
3. The stereoscopic image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the object distance between the display surface and the condenser lens satisfies the following formula:
s＝s1+A 1 H
wherein s is the object distance; s1 is an equivalent pitch which is a pitch calculated by equating the spacing unit to an air layer; a. The 1 The position of the vertex of a first surface of the condenser lens is shown, and the first surface is the surface of the condenser lens facing the display surface; h is the position of a first main light spot of the condenser lens; and, A 1 H is A 1 Distance to H.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the spacer unit includes a plurality of light-transmitting layers stacked on one another, the plurality of light-transmitting layers being defined as a first light-transmitting layer to an n-th light-transmitting layer in order from the display surface of the flat display unit to the condenser lens of the lens array unit, and n is a positive integer not less than 2.
5. The stereoscopic image display apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the first light-transmitting layer to the N-th light-transmitting layer have a first thickness T1 to an N-th thickness Tn in order, and the first light-transmitting layer to the N-th light-transmitting layer have a first refractive index N1 to an N-th refractive index Nn in order; wherein, the calculation formula of the equivalent spacing s1 is as follows:
6. the stereoscopic image display apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the equivalent distance s1 is calculated by first dividing the first thickness T1 to the nth thickness Tn by the first refractive index N1 to the nth refractive index Nn, respectively, and then summing the calculated N values to obtain the equivalent distance s1.
7. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the number of the light transmissive layers of the spacing unit is between 2 and 20; in the light-transmitting layers, each light-transmitting layer has a thickness between 0.01mm and 30mm, and each light-transmitting layer has a refractive index between 1 and 2.
8. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the plurality of transparent layers of the spacing unit comprise at least one optical material layer covering the display surface of the flat panel display unit and at least one supporting substrate layer for supporting the condensing lenses of the lens array unit.
9. The stereoscopic image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the central depth plane of the stereoscopic image display apparatus in the light field system is calculated by a lens imaging formula that substitutes the object distance into the light field system.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the display surface of the flat panel display unit is a display pixel of a liquid crystal display; the condenser lens is at least one of a spherical lens, an aspherical lens, a lens group, a biconvex lens, a plano-convex lens, a meniscus lens, and a fresnel lens.
11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the spacing unit is a light-transmitting layer having only a single-layer structure.
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