CN115201009A - Self-adaptive loading test device and method for changing thermal-fluid-solid coupling load around well under point vortex flow field condition - Google Patents
Self-adaptive loading test device and method for changing thermal-fluid-solid coupling load around well under point vortex flow field condition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a self-adaptive loading test device and a method for changing the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load around a well under the condition of a point vortex flow field, wherein the device comprises a point vortex flow field control module, a high-pressure fluid sealing module, a stress field applying module, a seepage field applying module, a temperature field applying module and a data processing module; the spiral pitch of the spiral blades is controllable, and the fluid partition plate arranged according to the boundary line of the roadway is combined, so that the controllability of the fluid revolution point eddy flow field is realized, and the problem that the revolution point eddy flow field is difficult to simulate in an indoor test is solved; the sealing structure based on triangular prism-shaped concave-convex meshing is arranged in a rectangular array, the meshing position is provided with the water-resistant layer to fully block fluid leakage, and the problem that fluid is leaked potentially in a hot fluid-solid coupling test is solved. The test method provided by the invention solves the problem that the change of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load caused by the vortex field of the drilling fluid point is difficult to simulate, and the loading precision of the self-adaptive step loading test method can reach more than 94%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of petroleum and natural gas drilling engineering, and relates to a self-adaptive loading test device and method for changing thermal-fluid-solid coupling load around a borehole under the condition of a point vortex flow field.
Background
In the oil and gas drilling process, drilling tool disturbance increases the complexity of drilling fluid flow, and a real-time variable point eddy flow field is easily formed at the bottom of a well. The point eddy flow field will affect the seepage field around the borehole, causing changes in the stress field and temperature field, ultimately resulting in changes in the thermo-hydro-solid coupling load around the borehole. Changes in the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling load around the wellbore will directly affect wellbore stability during drilling. Once the borehole is unstable in the drilling process, a series of problems such as prolonged drilling period, increased drilling cost and the like are caused. In order to simulate the problem of change of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load around the well caused by the point vortex field, the self-adaptive loading test device and method for the change of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load around the well under the condition of the point vortex field are urgently needed to be developed.
Through patent review, a few scientific research teams have developed a thermo-hydro-solid coupling loading device and method, such as a multi-load coupling loaded test piece clamp and a multi-physical field coupling loading method thereof (cn201510253407. X), a water-force coupling loading device and loading method for a three-dimensional fractured rock sample (CN 201810436400.5), a multi-field coupling loading experimental device for piezoelectric semiconductor fracture failure (CN 201621049297.1), and a micro-scale reconstruction model-based thermo-hydro-solid multi-field coupling simulation method (CN 201811092588.2). However, the above apparatus and method have 4 disadvantages: (1) The current device and method do not solve the problem that the point eddy field changes the heat-fluid-solid coupling load around the borehole; (2) The current device and method lack a point eddy flow field excitation module, and cannot simulate the change of a seepage field around a well hole, so that the simulation of the change of a thermo-fluid-solid coupling load around the well hole under the condition of the point eddy flow field cannot be realized; (3) The current device and method have simple loading mode and low precision, realize thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling loading only in a broad sense, and cannot ensure whether the loading precision meets the actual requirements on site; (4) The current device and method lack effective sealing technology and are difficult to deal with the problem of possible leakage of high-pressure fluid in the process of loading the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load. In order to overcome the problems, the invention provides a self-adaptive loading test device and a method for changing the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load around a well under the condition of a point vortex flow field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a self-adaptive loading test device and a self-adaptive loading test method for changes of thermo-fluid-solid coupling loads around a borehole under the condition of a point eddy flow field.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides an adaptive loading test apparatus for testing changes in thermo-fluid-solid coupling load around a wellbore under a point vortex flow field condition, the apparatus comprising a point vortex flow field control module, a high-pressure fluid sealing module, a stress field application module, a seepage field application module, a temperature field application module, and a data processing module;
the point vortex flow field control module is responsible for controlling and realizing the variability of the drilling fluid point vortex flow field and comprises a spiral shaft, a telescopic bracket, spiral blades and a fluid partition plate; the helical blade is spirally wound on the helical shaft and is fixedly connected with the helical shaft, the telescopic bracket is arranged between layers of the helical blade, the telescopic bracket controls the helical blade to extend or shorten along the helical shaft, the lead of the helical blade is increased or reduced, and a fluid revolution point vortex field in a borehole space is realized; the fluid partition plate is vertically intersected with the helical blade, and the fluid partition plate is spirally wound on the helical shaft along the outer edge of the helical blade and is responsible for partitioning the flow of drilling fluid and simulating the influence of the rotation of a drill string on point vortex flow fields generated at different radius positions in the actual drilling process; the point eddy flow field control module is arranged right below a borehole, drilling fluid flows into the borehole of a borehole rock sample through the point eddy flow field control module and flows out of the upper part of the borehole rock sample, and the helical blades with different leads control different circumferential flow rates of the drilling fluid to form different point eddy flow fields of the drilling fluid, namely, the variability of the point eddy flow field is completed;
the high-pressure fluid sealing module is responsible for fluid sealing in the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling loading process and comprises a top cover, a water-resistant layer, an axial press, a well rock sample placer and a base; the device is sequentially provided with a base, a borehole rock sample placer, a borehole rock sample, an axial press and a top cover from bottom to top; the well bore rock sample placer is fixedly connected with the base, the well bore rock sample is placed in an annular inner groove of the well bore rock sample placer, and the well bore rock sample placer are fixed in a triangular prism-shaped concave-convex meshing mode; triangular prism grooves are distributed in the annular inner groove of the well bore rock sample placer according to a rectangular array, and triangular prism bulges are correspondingly distributed at two ends of the well bore rock sample placer; the triangular prism-shaped bulges and the grooves are mutually meshed to seal the contact position between the borehole rock sample and the borehole rock sample placer; the axial press and the borehole rock sample are closely contacted and fixed in a triangular prism-shaped concave-convex meshing mode, and a water-resistant layer is arranged at the concave-convex meshing position to strengthen fluid sealing; the axial press is fixedly connected with the top cover, and the hydraulic outer wall of the axial press is meshed with the borehole diameter of the borehole rock sample;
the stress field applying module is responsible for stress field self-adaptive loading in the change of the thermo-hydro-solid coupling load around the borehole and comprises an axial press, a rigid cylinder, an air pipe, a pneumatic pump and an air bag;
the seepage field applying module is responsible for the self-adaptive loading of the seepage field in the change of the thermo-hydro-solid coupling load around the well and consists of a pipeline, a liquid outlet pipe, a liquid injection pipe, a hydraulic pump, a drilling fluid storage box, a pressure reducing valve and a drilling fluid collecting box;
the temperature field applying module is mainly responsible for self-adaptive loading of a temperature field in the change of the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling load around the borehole and comprises an insulating layer and a heating plate;
the data processing module is responsible for monitoring the change of the thermo-hydro-solid coupling load around the borehole and comprises CT scanning equipment, an information processing system, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor.
In the invention, the well rock sample placer is fixedly connected with the base and is responsible for fixing the well rock sample; the bottom of the annular inner groove of the well bore rock sample placer is provided with triangular prism grooves according to a rectangular array, triangular prism bulges are processed at two ends of the well bore rock sample according to the rectangular array, are meshed with the triangular prism grooves of the annular inner groove, and are bonded through a waterproof layer to be responsible for realizing the sealing treatment of fluid in the hot fluid-solid coupling loading process; the stress field applying module is fixed outside the borehole rock sample and is attached to the outer wall of the borehole rock sample; the gas pressure in the gas bag is improved through the gas pressure pump to apply confining pressure to the borehole rock sample, and the axial pressure is applied to the borehole rock sample through the axial press fixedly connected with the top cover, so that the stress field simulation is realized. Wherein, the contact position of the axial press and the borehole rock sample is sealed by a structure that the triangular prism is engaged with the recess. The seepage field applying module pumps the drilling fluid from the drilling fluid storage tank to the drilling fluid collecting tank through a borehole rock sample through a hydraulic pump and a pipeline, and the hydraulic pump changes the pressure of the drilling fluid to realize the simulation of the seepage field. The temperature field module changes the temperature in the test device through the heating plate, and maintains the temperature stability through the heat preservation layer. The liquid injection pipe is connected with the point eddy flow field control module and is responsible for exciting a revolution point eddy flow field of the drilling fluid in the borehole space; the helical blades are vertically crossed with the fluid partition plate, and the fluid partition plate is spirally wound on the helical shaft along the helical blades and is responsible for partitioning the vortex field at the revolution point; the inner wall of the borehole rock sample is provided with a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor which are connected with an information processing system; the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are used for monitoring the pressure and the temperature of the borehole rock sample and the fluid in the device.
Based on the test device, the second aspect of the invention provides a self-adaptive loading test method for changing the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load around a borehole under the condition of a point vortex field, which comprises the following operation steps:
step 1: establishing an initial thermo-hydro-solid coupling environment, applying confining pressure and axial pressure to the borehole rock sample, and finishing horizontal stress and axial stress application in a stress field borne by the borehole rock sample; improving the internal temperature of the borehole rock sample and finishing the temperature application in the temperature field of the borehole rock sample; the fluid pressure in the borehole of the borehole rock sample is improved by increasing the pressure of the drilling fluid, and the application of the fluid pressure in the seepage field borne by the borehole rock sample is completed; completing the establishment of an initial thermo-fluid-solid coupling environment;
step 2: exciting a point eddy current field in the borehole rock sample by using a point eddy current field control module to realize the change of the seepage field load;
and step 3: under the condition that the load of the seepage field is changed, calculating the load change of a stress field and a temperature field;
and 4, step 4: step loading of the stress field load change amount in the step 3 is realized by adopting a step loading mode, step loading amount of the stress field load change amount is set, and step loading (namely self-adaptive step loading) of the stress field load change amount is realized;
and 5: verifying the rationality of the step 4 according to the adaptive step-by-step loading criterion of the heat fluid-solid coupling load change quantity; if not, resetting the step loading amount in the step 4, and performing adaptive step loading again until the adaptive step loading criterion of the heat-fluid-solid coupling load change amount is met;
step 6: step loading is adopted to realize the loading of the temperature field load change quantity in the step 3, the step loading quantity of the temperature field load change quantity is set, and the step loading of the temperature field load change quantity is realized (namely, self-adaptive step loading);
and 7: verifying the rationality of the step 6 according to the adaptive step-by-step loading criterion of the heat fluid-solid coupling load change quantity; if not, resetting the step loading amount in the step 6, and performing adaptive step loading again until the adaptive step loading criterion of the heat fluid-solid coupling load change amount is met;
and 8: completing 1 step loading of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load change amount through steps 4-7; on the basis, the steps 4-7 are repeated to complete all step loading of the thermo-hydrodynamic-solid coupling load change amount under the condition of the point vortex flow field.
Preferably, the adaptive step-by-step loading criterion of the variation of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load comprises the following steps:
(1) After each step loading, byThe CT scanning equipment scans the borehole rock sample to obtain borehole rock sample pore image information, and combines Avizo three-dimensional visualization software and Imaris image display software to obtain the pore volume V p Volume of rock skeleton V r Then, according to the formula (3), the porosity phi after each step loading in the self-adaptive step loading process is calculated p ；
In the formula: phi is a p The porosity after each step loading in the self-adaptive step loading process; v p The pore volume after each step loading in the self-adaptive step loading process is obtained; v r The volume of the rock framework loaded step by step each time in the self-adaptive step-by-step loading process is obtained;
(2) After each step loading, calculating the total strain epsilon of the borehole rock sample ij Strain epsilon generated by confining pressure and axial pressure of borehole rock sample y Strain epsilon caused by drilling fluid pressure l And strain epsilon induced by temperature field T See formulas (2) - (5):
in the formula: phi is the initial porosity of the wellbore rock sample; phi is a unit of p The porosity after each step loading in the self-adaptive step loading process; epsilon ij For adaptive step-by-step additionThe total strain of the borehole rock sample after each step loading in the loading process; g is shear modulus; mu is Poisson's ratio; p is the drilling fluid pressure after each step loading in the self-adaptive step loading process, and is MPa; alpha (alpha) ("alpha") T Is the thermal strain coefficient; t is the temperature after each step loading in the self-adaptive step loading process; beta is the coefficient of thermal expansion; beta is a T The expansion coefficient of the drilling fluid; sigma ij The three-dimensional stress borne by the borehole rock sample; delta ij Is a kronecker symbol; k' is a temperature factor under the temperature condition that the borehole rock sample is subjected to;
(3) After each step loading, calculate ε y 、ε l And ε T Sum of and total strain ε ij Comparing, and verifying the rationality of the self-adaptive step loading of the variation quantity of the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling load under the condition that the error is less than 2%; if not, the step change amount is reset until the error is less than 2%.
Preferably, the water-resistant layer is a single-component epoxy adhesive with good water resistance and strong adhesion.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a self-adaptive stepped loading test method for a thermo-fluid-solid coupling load change amount, which solves the problem that the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load change caused by a drilling fluid point eddy field is difficult to simulate, the loading precision can reach more than 94 percent, and compared with the existing device and method, the self-adaptive stepped loading test method improves the loading precision by 20.5 percent;
2. the invention designs a simulation device of a fluid revolution point eddy flow field in a borehole space, which realizes the controllability of the fluid revolution point eddy flow field by controlling the spiral distance of a spiral blade and combining a fluid partition plate arranged according to a dividing line of a roadway, and solves the problem that the revolution point eddy flow field is difficult to simulate in an indoor test;
3. the invention designs a triangular prism-shaped concave-convex meshed sealing structure based on rectangular array arrangement, triangular prism bulges at two ends of a rock sample of a well hole are in concave-convex meshing with triangular prism grooves in a device, a water-resistant layer is arranged at the meshing position to fully block fluid leakage, and the problem of potential fluid leakage in a hot fluid-solid coupling test is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the test apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a high pressure fluid seal module;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a stress field application module;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a seepage field application module;
FIG. 7 is a front view of a point vortex field control module structure;
FIG. 8 is a top view of a point vortex field control module structure;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a point vortex field control module structure;
FIG. 10 is a front elevation view of a triangular prism projection of a rock-like borehole;
FIG. 11 is a top view of a triangular prism projection of a borehole rock sample;
FIG. 12 is a graph comparing the strain results with the field measurement results in different loading modes;
in the figure: 1. a top cover; 2. a pipeline; 3. a liquid outlet pipe; 4. a water-resistant layer; 5. an axial press; 51. a hydraulic chamber; 52. a hydraulic outer wall; 53. a hydraulic column; 6. a rigid barrel outer wall; 7. a CT scanning device; 8. an information processing system; 9. a wellbore rock sample; 10. a heat-insulating layer; 11. a wellbore rock sample placer; 12. a liquid injection pipe; 13. A base; 14. an air tube; 15. a hydraulic pump; 16. a drilling fluid storage tank; 17. a pneumatic pump; 18. a pressure sensor; 19. an air bag; 20. heating plates; 21. a pressure reducing valve; 22. a drilling fluid collection box; 23. a strain sensor; 24. a temperature sensor; 25. a screw shaft; 26. a telescoping support; 27. a helical blade; 28. The fluid divides the plate.
Detailed Description
The details of the present invention can be more clearly understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the description of the embodiments of the present invention. However, the specific embodiments of the present invention described herein are for the purpose of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Any possible variations based on the present invention may be conceived by the skilled person in the light of the teachings of the present invention, and these should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment provides a self-adaptive loading test device for changing the thermo-hydro-solid coupling load around a well under the condition of a point vortex flow field, which mainly comprises a top cover 1, a pipeline 2, a liquid outlet pipe 3, a water-resistant layer 4, an axial press 5, a hydraulic cavity 51, a hydraulic outer wall 52, a hydraulic column 53, a rigid cylinder 6, a CT scanning device 7, an information processing system 8, a well rock sample 9, a heat-insulating layer 10, a well rock sample placer 11, a liquid injection pipe 12, a base 13, an air pipe 14, a hydraulic pump 15, a drilling fluid storage box 16, a pneumatic pump 17, a pressure sensor 18, an air bag 19, a heating plate 20, a pressure reducing valve 21, a drilling fluid collecting box 22, a strain sensor 23, a temperature sensor 24, a spiral shaft 25, a telescopic support 26, a spiral blade 27 and a fluid partition plate 28, as shown in figures 1-11.
The device comprises a point vortex flow field control module, a high-pressure fluid sealing module, a stress field applying module, a seepage field applying module, a temperature field applying module and a data processing module;
the point vortex flow field control module is responsible for controlling and realizing the variability of a point vortex flow field and comprises a spiral shaft 25, a telescopic bracket 26, spiral blades 27 and a fluid partition plate 28; the helical blade 27 is spirally wound on the helical shaft 25 and fixedly connected with the helical blade, the telescopic bracket 26 is arranged between layers of the helical blade 27, the telescopic bracket 26 controls the helical blade 27 to extend or shorten along the helical shaft 25, the lead of the helical blade 27 is increased or reduced, and a fluid revolution point eddy field in a borehole space is realized; the fluid partition plate 28 is vertically intersected with the helical blade 27, and the fluid partition plate 28 is spirally wound on the helical shaft 25 along the outer edge of the helical blade 27 and is responsible for partitioning the flow of drilling fluid and simulating the influence of the rotation of a drill string on point vortex flow fields generated at different radius positions in the actual drilling process; the point eddy flow field control module is arranged right below a borehole, drilling fluid flows into the borehole of a borehole rock sample through the point eddy flow field control module and flows out of the upper part of the borehole rock sample, and the helical blades 27 with different leads control different circumferential flow rates of the drilling fluid to form different point eddy flow fields of the drilling fluid, namely, the variability of the point eddy flow field is completed;
preferably, the point vortex flow field control module is arranged in a borehole of the borehole rock sample placer 11, and the spiral shaft 25 is fixedly connected with the borehole rock sample placer 11; the bottom of the well hole rock sample placer 11 is provided with an injection pipe 12, and the injection pipe 12 is communicated with a drilling fluid storage tank 16 through a pipeline 2 and is responsible for guiding the drilling fluid into a helical blade 27;
the high-pressure fluid sealing module is responsible for fluid sealing in the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling loading process and comprises a top cover 1, a waterproof layer 4, an axial press 5, a borehole rock sample placer 11 and a base 13; the device is sequentially provided with a base 13, a borehole rock sample placer 11, a borehole rock sample 9, an axial press 5 and a top cover 1 from bottom to top; the well bore rock sample placer 11 is fixedly connected with the base 13, the well bore rock sample 9 is placed in an annular inner groove of the well bore rock sample placer 11, and the well bore rock sample placer and the annular inner groove are fixed in a triangular prism-shaped concave-convex meshing manner; triangular prism grooves are distributed in the annular inner groove of the well bore rock sample placer 11 according to a rectangular array, and triangular prism bulges are correspondingly distributed at two ends of the well bore rock sample 9; the triangular prism-shaped bulges and the grooves are mutually meshed to seal the contact position between the borehole rock sample 9 and the borehole rock sample placer 11; the axial press 5 is closely contacted and fixed with the borehole rock sample 9 in a triangular prism-shaped concave-convex meshing mode, and a water-resistant layer 4 is arranged at the concave-convex meshing position to strengthen fluid sealing; the axial press 5 is fixedly connected with the top cover 1, and the hydraulic outer wall 52 of the axial press 5 is engaged with the borehole diameter of the borehole rock sample 9;
the stress field applying module is responsible for stress field self-adaptive loading in the change of the thermo-hydro-solid coupling load around the borehole and comprises an axial press 5, a rigid cylinder 6, a heat insulation layer 10, an air pipe 14, an air pressure pump 17 and an air bag 19; the outer wall of the rigid cylinder 6 is fixedly connected with a base 13, a heat-insulating layer 10 and an air bag 19 are filled between the outer wall of the rigid cylinder 6 and the borehole rock sample 9, and the air bag 19 is connected with a pneumatic pump 17 through an air pipe 14; the air pressure pump 17 pressurizes the air bag 19, and the air bag 19 expands to extrude the borehole rock sample 9 to complete confining pressure application; the application of axial pressure is completed by injecting liquid into the hydraulic cavity 51 of the axial press 5 to push the hydraulic column 53 to squeeze the borehole rock sample 9; the stress field application of the borehole rock sample 9 is realized through the application of confining pressure and axial pressure;
the seepage field applying module is responsible for self-adaptive loading of a seepage field in the change of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load around the borehole and comprises a pipeline 2, a liquid outlet pipe 3, a liquid injection pipe 12, a hydraulic pump 15, a drilling fluid storage box 16, a pressure reducing valve 21 and a drilling fluid collecting box 22; the drilling fluid with certain pressure is injected into the helical blade 27 from the injection pipe 12 by controlling the pressure change of the drilling fluid through the hydraulic pump 15, so that the internal pores of the rock sample 9 of the borehole are filled, and the fluid pressure is applied; the drilling fluid is conveyed into the drilling fluid collecting box 22 through the liquid outlet pipe 3 in the top cover 1; a pressure reducing valve 21 is arranged between the pipeline 2 and the drilling fluid collecting box 22; the pipeline 2 can be detachably connected with the liquid injection pipe 12 and the liquid outlet pipe 3;
the temperature field applying module is responsible for self-adaptive loading of a temperature field in the change of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load around the borehole and comprises an insulating layer 10 and a heating plate 20; heating plates 20 are arranged on the side wall, the upper surface and the lower surface of the rock sample 9 close to the borehole and are responsible for increasing the temperature in the test device; preferably, the drilling fluid is heated to a set temperature and then injected from the liquid injection pipe, so that the phenomenon of uneven internal temperature of the device caused by the injection of the drilling fluid is prevented; the heat-insulating layer 10 is arranged on the outer side of the outer wall 6 of the rigid cylinder and is responsible for reducing the loss of the internal temperature of the whole device;
the data processing module is responsible for monitoring the change of the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling load around the borehole and consists of a CT scanning device 7, an information processing system 8, a pressure sensor 18, a strain sensor 23 and a temperature sensor 24; the inner wall of the borehole rock sample 9 is provided with a pressure sensor 18, a strain sensor 23 and a temperature sensor 24, and the pressure sensor, the strain sensor 23 and the temperature sensor are connected with an information processing system 8 outside the test device through lines to respectively monitor the drilling fluid pressure on the borehole rock sample 9, the axial pressure on the borehole rock sample 9, the borehole strain and the temperature of the borehole rock sample 9; the CT scanning device 7 scans the borehole rock sample 9 on the borehole rock sample placer 11 and monitors the pore change condition inside the borehole rock sample 9 in real time.
The embodiment provides a self-adaptive loading test method for changing the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load around a well under the condition of a point vortex field, which comprises the following operation steps:
step 1: processing borehole rock samples 9
Firstly, designing the size (height 60cm, outer diameter 30cm and inner diameter 10 cm) of a borehole rock sample 9 according to a test device; secondly, preparing materials required by a rock sample, and proportioning slurry according to the mineral composition of the stratum to be researched; finally, filling rock sample slurry layer by layer in a cylindrical rock sample mold with triangular prism bulges at two ends to complete the preparation of the borehole rock sample 9; wherein the triangular prisms in the rock sample mold are distributed in a rectangular array, the width of the horizontally arranged triangular prisms is 10mm, and the convex front view and the top view of the triangular prisms are shown in figures 8-9;
step 2: sealing the outer surface of the borehole rock sample 9
Standing and maintaining the borehole rock sample in the mold until slurry is cooled and solidified, and demolding after the borehole rock sample is fixed and molded; then, sealing the inner surface, the outer surface, the upper surface and the lower surface of the processed cylindrical well rock sample 9 by using inorganic gel or waxing;
and step 3: obtaining the rock physical mechanical parameters and the drilling fluid performance parameters of the borehole rock sample 9
Carrying out porosity test on the manufactured well bore rock sample 9, and recording the initial porosity phi of the well bore rock sample 9; simultaneously, the density of the drilling fluid is tested, and the density rho of the drilling fluid is recorded f (ii) a Then, detecting the expansibility coefficient and the compressibility coefficient of the drilling fluid, and recording the expansibility coefficient beta of the drilling fluid T Compressibility factor beta of drilling fluid p ；
And 4, step 4: the borehole rock sample 9 is placed into the testing apparatus and fixed
The top cover 1 and the axial press 5 are dismounted, the processed borehole rock sample 9 is fixed on the borehole rock sample placer 11, and the pressure sensor 18 and the temperature sensor 24 are arranged on the inner wall of the borehole rock sample 9; the top cover 1 and the axial press 5 are put back; sealing joints of all parts of the test device through inorganic gel (magnesium silicate lithium gel), and keeping the whole test device in a sealed state;
and 5: self-adaptive loading for realizing change of thermo-fluid-solid coupling load around well under point vortex flow field condition
(1) Establishing an initial thermo-fluid-solid coupling environment
The air bag 19 is inflated by the air pressure pump 17, andthe confining pressure of the borehole rock sample 9 is raised to sigma 3 Completing the horizontal stress sigma in the stress field borne by the borehole rock sample 9 xx 、σ yy (σ 3 ＝σ xx ＝σ yy ) Applying; the axial press 5 is used for pressing the borehole rock sample 9 to increase the axial pressure of the borehole rock sample 9 to sigma 1 Completing the axial stress sigma in the stress field borne by the borehole rock sample 9 zz (σ 1 ＝σ zz ) Applying; the temperature in the rock sample 9 of the well hole is increased to T through the heating plate 20, and meanwhile, the drilling fluid in the drilling fluid storage tank 16 is heated to T through the hydraulic pump 15 and is injected into the well hole space of the rock sample 9 of the well hole; increasing drilling fluid pressure up to P by hydraulic pump 15; completing the establishment of an initial thermo-fluid-solid coupling environment;
(2) An excitation point eddy current field control module for realizing the change of the load of the seepage field
In the initial thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling environment, first, the helical blade 27 is controlled by the telescopic bracket 26 to change the helical lead; then, the drilling fluid is continuously introduced into the helical blades 27 through the hydraulic pump 15 to form a variable drilling fluid point vortex flow field; monitoring a seepage field load value in real time through a pressure sensor 18 on the inner wall of the borehole rock sample 9, and determining a seepage field load change delta P generated by a point eddy current field;
(3) Under the condition of changing the load of the seepage field, calculating the load change of the stress field and the temperature field
Calculating the stress field load increment and the temperature field load increment caused by the seepage field load increment delta P through formulas (1) to (2);
in the formula: delta sigma ij Xx, yy and zz are taken as ij as the variation of the confining pressure and the axial pressure; delta P is the load change of the seepage field; delta T is the load change of the temperature field; rho f Is fluid density, g/cm 3 ；β T The expansion coefficient of the drilling fluid; beta is a beta p Is the compressibility coefficient of the drilling fluid; λ and μ are lame constants; alpha is the average thermal expansion coefficient;
(4) Loading the stress field load change quantity in the substep (3) by adopting a substep loading mode, setting the substep loading quantity of the stress field load change quantity, and realizing the substep loading (namely self-adaptive substep loading) of the stress field load change quantity;
firstly, determining step loading delta sigma 'of stress field load increment' 1 、Δσ′ 3 (ii) a The air bag 19 is then inflated by the pneumatic pump 17 to change the confining pressure of the borehole rock sample 9 by delta sigma' 3 Completion of horizontal stress delta sigma 'in the stress field to which borehole rock sample 9 is subjected' xx 、Δσ′ yy (Δσ′ 3 ＝Δσ′ xx ＝Δσ′ yy ) Applying; the axial press 5 is used for pressing the borehole rock sample 9 to change the axial pressure of the borehole rock sample 9 by delta sigma' 1 Completing axial stress delta sigma 'in the stress field to which borehole rock sample 9 is subjected' zz Application of (delta sigma' 1 ＝Δσ′ zz )；
(5) Verifying the rationality of the substep (4) according to an adaptive substep loading criterion of the variation of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load; if not, resetting the step loading amount in the substep (4), and performing adaptive step loading again until the adaptive step loading criterion of the heat-fluid-solid coupling load change amount is met;
(6) Loading the temperature field load change quantity in the sub-step (3) by adopting a step-by-step loading mode, setting the step-by-step loading quantity delta T 'of the temperature field load change quantity, and controlling the temperature change delta T' of the borehole rock sample 9 through the heating plate 20; meanwhile, the temperature change delta T' of the drilling fluid in the drilling fluid storage tank 16 is controlled, and the step loading (namely self-adaptive step loading) of the temperature field load change quantity is realized;
(7) Verifying the rationality of the substep (6) according to an adaptive substep loading criterion of the variation of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load; if not, resetting the step loading amount in the substep (6), and performing adaptive step loading again until the adaptive step loading criterion of the heat-fluid-solid coupling load change amount is met;
(8) Completing 1 step loading of the variation of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load through substeps (4) to (7); on the basis, repeating the substeps (4) to (7) to complete all substep loading of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load variation under the condition of the point vortex flow field;
preferably, the adaptive step-by-step loading criterion for the variation of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load comprises the following steps:
(1) In the self-adaptive step-by-step loading process of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load change quantity, after each step-by-step loading, the borehole rock sample 9 is scanned through the CT scanning device 7, the deformation condition of the pore of the borehole rock sample 9 is observed, and the pore image information of the borehole rock sample is obtained; then, threshold value selection and processing are carried out on the three-dimensional structure data volume of the borehole rock sample 9 by combining Avizo three-dimensional visualization software, the three-dimensional structure of the whole pore of the borehole rock sample 9 is generated by utilizing Imaris image display software, and the pore volume V is obtained p Volume V of rock skeleton r Then, according to the formula (3), the porosity phi after each step loading in the self-adaptive step loading process is calculated p ；
In the formula: phi is a p The porosity after each step loading in the self-adaptive step loading process; v p The pore volume after each step loading in the self-adaptive step loading process is obtained; v r The volume of the rock framework after each step loading in the self-adaptive step loading process is obtained;
(2) In the self-adaptive step-by-step loading process of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load change quantity, the total strain epsilon of the borehole rock sample needs to be calculated after each step-by-step loading ij Strain epsilon generated by confining pressure and axial pressure of borehole rock sample y Strain epsilon caused by drilling fluid pressure l And strain epsilon induced by temperature field T See formulas (4) - (7):
in the formula: φ is the initial porosity of the borehole rock sample 9; phi is a unit of p The porosity after each step loading in the self-adaptive step loading process; epsilon ij The total strain of the borehole rock sample 9 after each step loading in the self-adaptive step loading process is obtained; g is shear modulus; mu is Poisson's ratio; p is the drilling fluid pressure after each step loading in the self-adaptive step loading process, and is MPa; alpha is alpha T Is the thermal strain coefficient; t is the temperature after each step loading in the self-adaptive step loading process; beta is a thermal expansion coefficient; beta is a T The expansion coefficient of the drilling fluid;
(3) In the self-adaptive step-by-step loading process of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load change quantity, epsilon needs to be calculated after each step-by-step loading y ε l and ε T Sum of and total strain ε ij Comparing, and verifying the rationality of the self-adaptive step loading of the variation quantity of the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling load under the condition that the error is less than 2%; if not, the step change amount is reset until the error is less than 2%.
Example 1:
the embodiment 1 is a field test, and can obtain the load change quantity of the seepage field around the borehole under the condition of the drilling fluid point eddy field and the strain result of the target reservoir under the condition of the monitoring point eddy field.
Selecting a certain drilled 7-24 wells to carry out field test: (1) Obtaining rock physical and mechanical parameters of a target reservoir through sidewall coring, and detecting performance parameters of drilling fluid; (2) Arranging a pressure sensor, a strain sensor and a temperature sensor at the position of a target reservoir well wall; (3) Acquiring a thermo-fluid-solid coupling load environment of a target reservoir when the drilling fluid does not generate a point eddy field (namely a drill string does not rotate) based on logging-while-drilling data: the confining pressure, the axial pressure, the temperature and the drilling fluid pressure are respectively 25MPa, 30MPa, 55 ℃ and 5MPa; (4) Starting a ground turntable to provide a rotating speed for a drill column, exciting a point vortex flow field of drilling fluid in a shaft, and simultaneously determining the load change amount of a seepage flow field to be 2MPa by monitoring bottom hole pressure fluctuation; (5) The circumferential strain value of the target reservoir under the point vortex field condition is recorded by the strain sensor and is 0.260%.
Example 2:
According to the steps 1-4 of the test method, firstly, the borehole rock sample 9 is processed, sealing treatment is carried out, then the rock physical and mechanical parameters of the borehole rock sample 9 and the performance parameters of the drilling fluid are obtained, and finally the borehole rock sample 9 is placed into a test device; setting the confining pressure, the axial pressure, the temperature and the drilling fluid pressure to be 25MPa, 30MPa, 55 ℃ and 5MPa respectively according to the substep (1) in the step 5 (data are from the embodiment 1), and establishing an initial thermo-fluid-solid coupling environment; determining the load variation of the seepage field to be 2MPa according to the excitation point eddy current field in the substep (2); calculating the load changes of the stress field and the temperature field to be 5.02MPa, 4.93MPa and 4 ℃ respectively according to the substep (3); determining the step-by-step loading amounts of the load change amounts of the stress field and the temperature field as 0.6275MPa, 0.62MPa and 0.5 ℃ according to the substeps (4) - (7), wherein the loading step number is 8 steps; completing all step-by-step loading of the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling load change quantity under the condition of the point vortex flow field according to the substep (8); the circumferential strain value of the borehole rock sample 9 under the point vortex flow field condition is recorded by the strain sensor 23 and is 0.247%.
Example 3:
example 3 is a conventional thermo-fluid-solid coupling loading, and because a drilling fluid point eddy field is not considered, a test simulation of a thermo-fluid-solid coupling load change around a borehole cannot be realized.
According to the steps 1-4 of the test method, firstly, the borehole rock sample 9 is processed, sealing treatment is carried out, then the rock physical and mechanical parameters of the borehole rock sample 9 and the performance parameters of the drilling fluid are obtained, and finally the borehole rock sample 9 is placed into a test device; setting the confining pressure, the axial pressure, the temperature and the drilling fluid pressure to be 25MPa, 30MPa, 55 ℃ and 5MPa respectively according to the substep (1) in the step 5, and establishing an initial thermo-fluid-solid coupling environment; the circumferential strain value of the borehole rock sample 9 in the conventional thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling loading mode is recorded to be 0.192%.
The hoop strain values of examples 1-3 are shown in FIG. 12, and by comparing the hoop strain values of examples 1 and 2, it can be seen that the loading accuracy of the test method of the present invention is 94.8%; comparing the hoop strain values of examples 1 and 3, it can be seen that the loading accuracy of the conventional test method is 74.3%; compared with the loading precision, the loading precision of the test method is improved by 20.5 percent compared with the loading precision of the conventional test method.
Claims (10)
1. A self-adaptive loading test device for changing the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load around a well under the condition of a point vortex flow field is characterized by comprising a point vortex flow field control module, a high-pressure fluid sealing module, a stress field applying module, a seepage field applying module, a temperature field applying module and a data processing module;
the point vortex flow field control module is responsible for controlling and realizing the variability of the drilling fluid point vortex flow field and consists of a spiral shaft, a telescopic bracket, spiral blades and a fluid partition plate; the spiral blade is spirally wound on the spiral shaft and is fixedly connected with the spiral shaft, the telescopic bracket is arranged between layers of the spiral blade and controls the spiral blade to extend or shorten along the spiral shaft, the lead of the spiral blade is increased or reduced, and a fluid revolution point vortex field in a borehole space is realized; the fluid partition plate is vertically intersected with the helical blade, and the fluid partition plate is spirally wound on the helical shaft along the outer edge of the helical blade and is responsible for partitioning the flow of drilling fluid and simulating the influence of the rotation of a drill string on point eddy flow fields generated at different radius positions in the actual drilling process;
the point eddy flow field control module is arranged right below a rock sample borehole, drilling fluid flows into the borehole of the borehole rock sample through the point eddy flow field control module and flows out of the borehole rock sample, the helical blades with different leads control different circumferential flow rates of the drilling fluid, different point eddy flow fields of the drilling fluid are formed, and the variability of the point eddy flow field is completed.
2. The adaptive loading test device for the change of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load around the well under the point vortex flow field condition according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure fluid sealing module is responsible for fluid sealing in the thermo-fluid-solid coupling loading process and comprises a top cover, a water-resistant layer, an axial press, a well rock sample placer and a base; the device is sequentially provided with a base, a borehole rock sample placer, a borehole rock sample, an axial press and a top cover from bottom to top; the well bore rock sample placer is fixedly connected with the base, the well bore rock sample is placed in an annular inner groove of the well bore rock sample placer, and the well bore rock sample placer are fixed in a triangular prism-shaped concave-convex meshing mode; triangular prism grooves are distributed in the annular inner groove of the well bore rock sample placer according to a rectangular array, and triangular prism bulges are correspondingly distributed at two ends of the well bore rock sample placer; the triangular prism-shaped bulges and the grooves are mutually meshed to seal the contact position between the borehole rock sample and the borehole rock sample placer; the axial press and the borehole rock sample are closely contacted and fixed in a triangular prism-shaped concave-convex meshing mode, and a water-resistant layer is arranged at the concave-convex meshing position to strengthen fluid sealing; the axial press is fixedly connected with the top cover, and the hydraulic outer wall of the axial press is meshed with the borehole diameter of the borehole rock sample.
3. The adaptive loading test device for the change of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load around the borehole under the point vortex flow field condition according to claim 1, wherein the point vortex flow field control module is arranged in the borehole of the borehole rock sample placer, and the spiral shaft is fixedly connected with the borehole rock sample placer; the bottom of the well hole rock sample placer is provided with a liquid injection pipe which is communicated with a drilling fluid storage box through a pipeline and is responsible for leading the drilling fluid into the spiral blades.
4. The adaptive loading test device for the change of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load around the borehole under the condition of the point vortex field according to claim 1, wherein the stress field applying module is responsible for the adaptive loading of the stress field in the change of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load around the borehole and comprises an axial press, a rigid cylinder, an air pipe, a pneumatic pump and an air bag;
the seepage field applying module is responsible for the self-adaptive loading of the seepage field in the change of the thermo-hydro-solid coupling load around the well and consists of a pipeline, a liquid outlet pipe, a liquid injection pipe, a hydraulic pump, a drilling fluid storage box, a pressure reducing valve and a drilling fluid collecting box;
the temperature field applying module is mainly responsible for self-adaptive loading of a temperature field in the process of changing the thermo-hydro-solid coupling load around the borehole and comprises an insulating layer and a heating plate;
the data processing module is responsible for monitoring the change of the thermo-hydro-solid coupling load around the borehole and comprises CT scanning equipment, an information processing system, a pressure sensor, a strain sensor and a temperature sensor.
5. The adaptive loading test device for the change of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load around the borehole under the condition of the point vortex field according to claim 4, wherein in the stress field applying module, the outer wall of the rigid cylinder is fixedly connected with the base, a heat insulation layer and an air bag are filled between the outer wall of the rigid cylinder and the borehole rock sample, and the air bag is connected with the air pressure pump through an air pipe; the air pressure pump pressurizes the air bag, and the air bag expands to extrude the borehole rock sample to complete confining pressure application; injecting liquid into a hydraulic cavity of the axial press to push a hydraulic column to extrude a borehole rock sample so as to complete the application of axial pressure; and the stress field application of the borehole rock sample is realized by applying confining pressure and axial pressure.
6. The adaptive loading test device for the change of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load around the borehole under the point vortex flow field condition according to claim 4, wherein in the seepage field applying module, the pressure change of the drilling fluid is controlled by a hydraulic pump, the drilling fluid with a certain pressure is injected into the helical blade from the liquid injection pipe, so that the internal pores of the rock sample of the borehole are filled, and the fluid pressure is applied; the drilling fluid is conveyed into the drilling fluid collecting box through a liquid outlet pipe in the top cover; a pressure reducing valve is arranged between the pipeline and the drilling fluid collecting box; the pipeline is detachably connected with the liquid injection pipe and the liquid outlet pipe.
7. The adaptive loading test device for the change of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load around the borehole under the point vortex flow field condition according to claim 4, wherein heating plates are arranged on the side wall, the upper surface and the lower surface of the temperature field applying module, which are close to the rock sample of the borehole, and are responsible for increasing the temperature in the test device; the drilling fluid is heated to a set temperature and then injected from the injection pipe, so that the phenomenon of uneven internal temperature of the device caused by the injection of the drilling fluid is prevented; the heat preservation sets up in the rigidity section of thick bamboo outer wall outside, is responsible for reducing the loss of the inside temperature of whole device.
8. The adaptive loading test device for the change of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load around the borehole under the point vortex flow field condition according to claim 4, wherein in the data processing module, the inner wall of the borehole rock sample is provided with a pressure sensor, a strain sensor and a temperature sensor, and is connected with an information processing system outside the test device through a circuit to monitor the drilling fluid pressure, the axial pressure, the borehole strain and the temperature of the borehole rock sample on the borehole rock sample respectively; and the CT scanning equipment scans the borehole rock sample on the borehole rock sample placer and monitors the pore change condition inside the borehole rock sample in real time.
9. An adaptive loading test method for changes of thermo-fluid-solid coupling loads around a well under the condition of a point vortex flow field, which is characterized in that the test method is carried out in the test device of any one of claims 1 to 8, and the specific operation steps comprise:
step 1: establishing an initial thermo-hydro-solid coupling environment, applying confining pressure and axial pressure to the borehole rock sample, and finishing horizontal stress and axial stress application in a stress field borne by the borehole rock sample; improving the internal temperature of the borehole rock sample and finishing the temperature application in the temperature field of the borehole rock sample; the fluid pressure in the borehole of the borehole rock sample is improved by increasing the pressure of the drilling fluid, and the application of the fluid pressure in the seepage field borne by the borehole rock sample is completed; completing the establishment of an initial thermo-fluid-solid coupling environment;
and 2, step: exciting a point eddy current field in the borehole rock sample by using a point eddy current field control module to realize the change of the seepage field load;
and 3, step 3: under the condition that the load of the seepage field is changed, calculating the load change of a stress field and a temperature field;
and 4, step 4: step loading of the stress field load change amount in the step 3 is realized by adopting a step loading mode, step loading amount of the stress field load change amount is set, and step loading of the stress field load change amount is realized, namely self-adaptive step loading;
and 5: verifying the rationality of the step 4 according to the self-adaptive step-by-step loading criterion of the heat-fluid-solid coupling load change quantity; if not, resetting the step loading amount in the step 4, and performing adaptive step loading again until the adaptive step loading criterion of the heat fluid-solid coupling load change amount is met;
and 6: step loading is carried out on the temperature field load change quantity in the step 3 in a step loading mode, step loading quantity of the temperature field load change quantity is set, and step loading of the temperature field load change quantity is carried out, namely self-adaptive step loading is carried out;
and 7: verifying the rationality of the step 6 according to the self-adaptive step-by-step loading criterion of the heat-fluid-solid coupling load change quantity; if not, resetting the step loading amount in the step 6, and performing adaptive step loading again until the adaptive step loading criterion of the heat-fluid-solid coupling load change amount is met;
and 8: completing 1-time step loading of the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling load variation through the steps 4-7; on the basis, the steps 4-7 are repeated to complete all step loading of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load change amount under the condition of the point vortex flow field.
10. The adaptive loading test method for the change of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load around the borehole under the condition of the point vortex field according to claim 9, wherein the adaptive step-by-step loading criterion of the change of the thermo-fluid-solid coupling load comprises the following steps:
(1) After each step loading, scanning the borehole rock sample by CT scanning equipment to obtain borehole rock sample pore image information, and combining Avizo three-dimensional imageAcquisition of pore volume V by visualization software and Imaris image display software p Volume V of rock skeleton r Then, according to the formula (1), the porosity phi after each step loading in the self-adaptive step loading process is calculated p ；
In the formula: phi is a p The porosity after each step loading in the self-adaptive step loading process; v p The pore volume after each step loading in the self-adaptive step loading process is obtained; v r The volume of the rock framework after each step loading in the self-adaptive step loading process is obtained;
(2) After each step loading, calculating the total strain epsilon of the borehole rock sample ij Strain epsilon generated by confining pressure and axial pressure of borehole rock sample y Drilling fluid pressure induced strain epsilon l And strain epsilon induced by temperature field T (ii) a See formulas (2) - (5):
in the formula: phi is the initial porosity of the wellbore rock sample; phi is a p The porosity after each step loading in the self-adaptive step loading process; epsilon ij In the process of self-adaptive step-by-step loadingThe total strain of the borehole rock sample after each step loading; g is shear modulus; mu is Poisson's ratio; p is the drilling fluid pressure after each step loading in the self-adaptive step loading process, and is MPa; alpha is alpha T Is the thermal strain coefficient; t is the temperature after each step loading in the self-adaptive step loading process; beta is the coefficient of thermal expansion; beta is a T The expansion coefficient of the drilling fluid; sigma ij The three-dimensional stress borne by the borehole rock sample; delta ij Is a kronecker symbol; k' is a temperature factor under the temperature condition that the borehole rock sample is subjected to;
(3) After each step loading, calculate ε y 、ε l And ε T Sum of and total strain ε ij Comparing, and verifying the rationality of the self-adaptive step-by-step loading of the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling load change amount under the condition that the error is less than 2%; if not, the step change amount is reset until the error is less than 2%.
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