CN115194083A - Production method of aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle of casting and forging combined passenger car - Google Patents
Production method of aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle of casting and forging combined passenger car Download PDFInfo
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- CN115194083A CN115194083A CN202210756704.6A CN202210756704A CN115194083A CN 115194083 A CN115194083 A CN 115194083A CN 202210756704 A CN202210756704 A CN 202210756704A CN 115194083 A CN115194083 A CN 115194083A
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K7/00—Making railway appurtenances; Making vehicle parts
- B21K7/12—Making railway appurtenances; Making vehicle parts parts for locomotives or vehicles, e.g. frames, underframes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/09—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing an aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle of a casting and forging combined passenger car, which comprises the steps of designing a forging die and casting blank data; smelting and casting aluminum alloy liquid by using an electric furnace, wherein the aluminum alloy liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:6.5 to 7.5%, cu:0 to 0.03%, mg:0.30 to 0.45%, mn:0.05 to 0.10 percent, ti:0.10 to 0.18 percent, sr:0.01 to 0.025%, fe: less than or equal to 0.15 percent, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of other impurities and the balance of Al; transferring the aluminum alloy liquid into a crucible of low-pressure casting equipment, and introducing high-purity argon for stirring; spraying heat-insulating paint and lubricating paint on the inner cavity of the low-pressure casting die, and heating the low-pressure casting die; pouring aluminum alloy liquid into a die cavity, increasing pressure and maintaining pressure; heating a forging die, and spraying an oil-based lubricant into the inner cavity of the die; conveying the cast blank to forging and pressing equipment, putting the cast blank into a lower die cavity of a forging die, and forging and pressing to obtain a forged blank; cutting edges and runners of the forging blank, and performing heat treatment to obtain the forging blank; the invention realizes the improvement of the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle product of the passenger car.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile part casting, and relates to a method for producing an aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle of a casting and forging combined passenger car.
Background
In the field of automobile manufacturing, with the strictness of the policy of energy conservation and emission reduction and the rapid development of new energy automobiles, light weight becomes a key breakthrough field of technical innovation of the automobile industry, and automobile parts are developing towards the technical direction of lighter weight and stronger performance.
The steering knuckle is used as an important component of a chassis of a passenger vehicle, the material of the steering knuckle is gradually changed from steel to aluminum, and the middle-high vehicle type except a small number of low-end vehicle types adopts the aluminum steering knuckle completely at present. The aluminum rear steering knuckle is mainly produced by adopting a casting process, and although the casting process has the characteristics of excellent mechanical property, flexible product design and low production cost, if the lightweight effect of the cast steering knuckle is further improved, a cast aluminum alloy material with higher performance needs to be developed and used. As is known, the mechanical properties of forged aluminum alloy are generally superior to those of cast aluminum alloy, and the rear steering knuckle of a passenger car produced by using a forging process has higher mechanical properties, but the formability of the forging process is poorer than that of a casting process, and products with complex structures such as the rear steering knuckle cannot be efficiently produced.
The most approximate implementation: the invention relates to a method for producing an aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle of a passenger vehicle by adopting an extrusion casting (also called liquid forging) process, which is different from the combined casting and forging method of 'casting blank making and forging forming', wherein the extrusion casting process is to pour aluminum alloy liquid into a casting die cavity and apply high pressure to the liquid or semisolid aluminum alloy liquid so as to solidify and form the aluminum alloy liquid under the action of high pressure. Although the mechanical property of the traditional casting process product can be effectively improved by the extrusion casting process, the yield of the produced steering knuckle product is low, the application range of the casting equipment is narrow, the investment of a die tool is high, the service life of the die is short, and the production cost is high.
The invention with the patent number of CN110202108A discloses a cast-forged combined torsion-resistant impact-resistant steering knuckle for a vehicle and a manufacturing method thereof, the used material is cast low alloy steel, a casting blank is obtained by rotating and pouring a water-cooled steel die rotating and casting die, and then the casting blank is subjected to vacuum hot isostatic pressing extrusion forging to obtain a forging blank. The steering knuckle is made of aluminum alloy material, and is different from the manufacturing process of the low alloy steel steering knuckle disclosed by the invention, a complex water-cooling steel die rotating casting technology is not needed, and extrusion forging forming in a vacuum environment is not needed.
The invention with the patent number of CN101486087A discloses a combined casting and forging process method of an aluminum alloy connecting rod, wherein rare earth elements are added in the casting process to adjust the components of the aluminum alloy of the connecting rod, and the addition amount of the rare earth elements is 2-5% of aluminum liquid. The aluminum alloy steering knuckle produced by the invention has a more complex structure than a connecting rod and is more difficult to forge and form, and the aluminum alloy used by the invention does not contain rare earth elements and is low in price.
The invention with the patent number of CN106312016A discloses a vibration casting and forging composite forming method for an aluminum alloy forging, the adopted casting process is extrusion casting, the forging process is vibration die forging, and the produced product is a connecting rod with a simple structure. The invention relates to an aluminum alloy steering knuckle which is complex in structure compared with a connecting rod and is more difficult to forge and form.
The above patents are of low relevance to the present application.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle of the passenger car has two production modes of a casting process and a forging process, and the current industry mainly adopts the casting process for production and manufacturing. The casting process is characterized in that: the aluminum alloy liquid is solidified and formed in the metal mold cavity, the degree of freedom of the shape of the product is large, the structure can be better optimized, the weight of the product is reduced, and the mechanical property of the product in the casting process is lower than that of the product in the forging process. In contrast, the forging process is characterized in that: the aluminum alloy bar stock used in the forging process is obtained by bundling, so that the mechanical property of the product obtained after forging is higher than that of the casting process.
The current lightweight is the key direction of auto industry development, to the casting passenger car aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle of mainstream, mainly through promoting the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy material, and then reduce product thickness and realize the lightweight under the prerequisite of product mechanical properties reinforcing. The steering knuckle is limited by the technological characteristics of the aluminum alloy after forging, the product structure belongs to a branch type complex component, the forging process is relatively complex, the product structure cannot be effectively changed like a casting process, and even if the size of the product can be reduced locally, the number of times of die forging and pressing needs to be increased, so that the production cost is greatly increased.
The invention aims to improve the mechanical property of a product and achieve the effect of light weight of the product by combining the advantages of a forging process on the basis of a casting process through a novel method for producing an aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle of a passenger vehicle.
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a production method of a cast-forged combined passenger car aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out light weight optimization design on a selected passenger car aluminum alloy rear steering program standard product to form product data; further designing a forging die and casting blank data according to the product data;
step two, smelting and casting aluminum alloy liquid by using an electric furnace, wherein the aluminum alloy liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:6.5 to 7.5%, cu:0 to 0.03%, mg:0.30 to 0.45%, mn:0.05 to 0.10 percent, ti:0.10 to 0.18 percent, sr:0.01 to 0.025%, fe: less than or equal to 0.15 percent, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of other inevitable impurities, and the balance of Al;
transferring the aluminum alloy solution obtained in the second step into a crucible of low-pressure casting equipment, introducing high-purity argon into the aluminum alloy solution in the crucible, stirring, and performing degassing, impurity removal and refining treatment;
spraying heat-insulating paint and lubricating paint on the inner cavity of the low-pressure casting die, and heating the low-pressure casting die;
pouring the aluminum alloy liquid in the crucible into a die cavity of a die by using low-pressure casting equipment, increasing pressure and maintaining pressure after the die cavity is filled with the aluminum alloy liquid, and cooling and solidifying the aluminum alloy liquid in the die to obtain a casting blank;
heating a forging die, and spraying an oil-based lubricant to the inner cavity of the die;
step seven, conveying the casting blank obtained in the step five to forging and pressing equipment, putting the casting blank into a lower die cavity of a forging die, and then forging and pressing to obtain a forging blank;
and step eight, trimming and removing a runner of the forging blank obtained in the step seven, and then carrying out solid solution treatment and complete artificial aging to obtain the forging blank after heat treatment.
Further, the forging die is designed with a casting blank runner storage bin; the rolling reduction of the casting blank in the designed forging and pressing direction is 15-25%; and designing a low-pressure casting die according to the casting blank data.
And further, in the third step, introducing high-purity argon into the aluminum alloy solution in the crucible, stirring clockwise for 15-20 minutes, and performing degassing, impurity removal and refining treatment.
Further, in the fourth step, the low-pressure casting die is heated to 240-280 ℃.
Further, in the fifth step, the increased pressure value is 220-280 mbar, and the dwell time is 50-70 seconds.
Further, in the sixth step, the forging die is heated to 180-230 ℃.
Further, in the seventh step, the casting blank obtained in the fifth step is conveyed to forging equipment within 3min, and the temperature of the casting blank is 480-540 ℃.
Further, in the seventh step, the forging pressure is 1500-1800 tons.
Further, the heat treatment process in the step eight is as follows: carrying out solution treatment on the forging blank at the temperature of 525-535 ℃ multiplied by 4-5h + 50-60 ℃, carrying out water cooling for 10-15 min, and then carrying out aging treatment on the forging blank at the temperature of 160-175 ℃ multiplied by 5-6 h to obtain the forging blank after heat treatment.
Further, the production method of the aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle of the casting and forging combined passenger vehicle further comprises a ninth step of performing shot blasting on the forging blank subjected to heat treatment by using steel shots with the diameter of less than 0.7mm to remove a surface oxide layer and impurities to obtain a product blank; and machining the product blank to obtain the aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle product of the casting and forging combined passenger vehicle.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention aims at a passenger car aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle product, utilizes the advantages of a casting process and a forging process, adopts a mode of combining casting blank making and forging forming, firstly produces a casting blank of the steering knuckle with a complex structure by using a low-pressure casting process, and then carries out one-time forging and pressing on the casting blank by using the forging process, so that crystal grains in the product are refined, and the mechanical property is enhanced.
After the aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle product of the passenger vehicle is designed in a light weight mode, the required mechanical property is higher and exceeds the mechanical property level which can be achieved by a casting process, and the local complex structure of the product cannot be formed by using a forging process. The production method of the aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle of the casting and forging combined passenger vehicle realizes the improvement of the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle product of the passenger vehicle.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a casting billet runner storage silo designed on a forging die;
FIG. 2 is a whole production flow chart of a production method of the cast-forged combined passenger car aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle;
FIG. 3 is a design schematic diagram of the rolling reduction of a rear steering knuckle of a casting and forging joint aluminum alloy for a certain brand of passenger vehicles.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
the invention relates to a production method of an aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle of a casting and forging combined passenger car, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, carrying out light weight optimization design on a selected passenger car aluminum alloy rear steering program standard product to form product data. And further designing a forging die and casting blank data according to the product data, wherein: the forging die is designed with a casting blank runner storage bin (as shown in figure 1) so as to ensure that a runner of a subsequent casting blank can be placed into the forging die for forging without cutting; the reduction of the forging and pressing direction of the casting blank is 15-25%, and the reduction design can not only ensure that the mechanical property of the casting blank is effectively improved after forging and pressing, but also avoid the defects of forging, folding and the like. The low pressure casting die is then designed based on the cast billet data.
Secondly, smelting and casting aluminum alloy liquid by using an electric furnace, wherein the mass percent of the aluminum alloy liquid is as follows: si:6.5 to 7.5%, cu:0 to 0.03%, mg:0.30 to 0.45%, mn:0.05 to 0.10 percent, ti:0.10 to 0.18 percent, sr:0.01 to 0.025%, fe: less than or equal to 0.15 percent, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of other inevitable impurities and the balance of Al.
And thirdly, transferring the aluminum alloy solution obtained in the second step into a crucible of low-pressure casting equipment, introducing high-purity argon into the aluminum alloy solution in the crucible, stirring clockwise for 15-20 minutes, and performing degassing, impurity-removing and refining treatment.
Fourthly, spraying heat preservation paint and lubricating paint in the inner cavity of the low-pressure casting die, and heating the low-pressure casting die to 240-280 ℃.
And fifthly, pouring the aluminum alloy liquid in the crucible into a die cavity of the die by using low-pressure casting equipment, increasing the pressure and maintaining the pressure after the die cavity is filled with the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein the pressure is increased to 220-280 mbar, the pressure maintaining time is 50-70 seconds, and the aluminum alloy liquid is cooled and solidified in the die to obtain a casting blank.
Sixthly, heating the forging die to 180-230 ℃, and spraying an oil-based lubricant in the inner cavity of the die.
And seventhly, conveying the cast blank obtained in the fifth step to forging and pressing equipment within 3min, wherein the temperature of the cast blank is 480-540 ℃, the cast blank is placed into a lower mold cavity of a forging mold, and then forging and pressing are carried out, wherein the forging and pressing pressure is 1500-1800 tons, so that the forged blank is obtained.
And eighthly, trimming and cutting off a pouring channel of the forging blank obtained in the seventh step, then carrying out solid solution treatment and adding complete artificial aging, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: carrying out solution treatment on the forging blank at the temperature of 525-535 ℃ multiplied by 4-5h + 50-60 ℃, carrying out water cooling for 10-15 min, and then carrying out aging treatment on the forging blank at the temperature of 160-175 ℃ multiplied by 5-6 h to obtain the forging blank after heat treatment.
And ninthly, performing shot blasting on the forged blank after the heat treatment by using steel shots with the diameter of less than 0.7mm, and removing a surface oxide layer and impurities to obtain a product blank. And machining the product blank to obtain the cast-forged joint passenger car aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle product.
The overall production flow of the production method of the cast-forged combined passenger car aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle is shown in figure 2.
Examples
The production method of the cast-forged combined passenger car aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, carrying out light weight optimization design on an aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle of a certain brand of passenger vehicle to form product data. And further designing data of a forging die and a casting blank according to the product data, wherein: the forging die is designed with a casting blank runner storage bin (as shown in figure 1) so as to ensure that a runner of a subsequent casting blank can be placed into the forging die for forging without cutting; the designed forging direction reduction of different parts of the cast billet is shown in figure 3. The low pressure casting die is then designed based on the cast billet data.
Secondly, smelting and casting aluminum alloy liquid by using an electric furnace, wherein the obtained aluminum alloy liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:7.1%, cu:0.02%, mg:0.37%, mn:0.078%, ti:0.13%, sr:0.017%, fe:0.12 percent, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of other inevitable impurities and the balance of Al.
And thirdly, transferring the aluminum alloy solution obtained in the second step into a crucible of low-pressure casting equipment, introducing high-purity argon into the aluminum alloy solution in the crucible, stirring for 20 minutes clockwise, and performing degassing, impurity-removing and refining treatment.
Fourthly, spraying heat-insulating paint and lubricating paint in the inner cavity of the low-pressure casting die, and heating the low-pressure casting die to 250-260 ℃.
And fifthly, pouring the aluminum alloy liquid in the crucible into a die cavity of the die by using low-pressure casting equipment, increasing the pressure and maintaining the pressure after the die cavity is filled with the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein the pressure is increased by 250 mbar, the pressure maintaining time is 60 seconds, and the aluminum alloy liquid is cooled and solidified in the die to obtain a casting blank.
Sixthly, heating the forging die to 200-210 ℃, and spraying an oil-based lubricant in the inner cavity of the die.
And seventhly, conveying the cast blank obtained in the fifth step to forging equipment within 3min, wherein the temperature of the cast blank is 495-525 ℃, putting the cast blank into a lower mold cavity of a forging mold, and then forging and pressing with the forging pressure of 1650 tons to obtain the forged blank.
And eighthly, trimming the forged blank obtained in the seventh step and cutting off a pouring gate, then carrying out solid solution treatment and adding complete artificial aging, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: carrying out solution treatment at 530 ℃ for multiplied by 4.5h and 55 ℃ for water cooling for 12min, and then carrying out aging treatment at 167 ℃ for multiplied by 5.5h to obtain the forging blank after heat treatment.
And ninthly, performing shot blasting on the forged blank after the heat treatment by using steel shots with the diameter of less than 0.7mm, and removing a surface oxide layer and impurities to obtain a product blank. And machining the product blank to obtain the aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle product of the casting and forging combined passenger vehicle.
Comparative example
A production method of a casting comparative example of a cast-forged combined passenger car aluminum alloy rear knuckle comprises the following steps (the comparative example completes only a casting part and does not perform forging):
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, carrying out lightweight optimization design on an aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle of a certain brand of passenger vehicle to form product data. Further, the forging die and the data of the cast billet are designed according to the product data, and the reduction in the forging direction of different parts of the cast billet are shown in fig. 3. The low pressure casting die is then designed based on the cast billet data.
Secondly, smelting and casting aluminum alloy liquid by using an electric furnace, wherein the obtained aluminum alloy liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:7.1%, cu:0.02%, mg:0.37%, mn:0.078%, ti:0.13%, sr:0.017%, fe:0.12 percent, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of other inevitable impurities and the balance of Al.
And thirdly, transferring the aluminum alloy solution obtained in the second step into a crucible of low-pressure casting equipment, introducing high-purity argon into the aluminum alloy solution in the crucible, stirring for 20 minutes clockwise, and performing degassing, impurity removal and refining treatment.
Fourthly, spraying heat preservation paint and lubricating paint in the inner cavity of the low-pressure casting die, and heating the low-pressure casting die to 250-260 ℃.
And fifthly, pouring the aluminum alloy liquid in the crucible into a die cavity of the die by using low-pressure casting equipment, increasing the pressure and maintaining the pressure after the die cavity is filled with the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein the pressure is increased to 250 mbar, the pressure maintaining time is 60 seconds, and the aluminum alloy liquid is cooled and solidified in the die to obtain a casting blank.
Sixthly, cutting off a pouring channel of the casting blank obtained in the fifth step, then carrying out solid solution treatment and adding complete artificial aging, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: carrying out solution treatment at 530 ℃ for multiplied by 4.5h and 55 ℃ for water cooling for 12min, and then carrying out aging treatment at 167 ℃ for multiplied by 5.5h to obtain the casting blank after heat treatment.
And seventhly, shot blasting is carried out on the casting blank after the heat treatment by using steel shots with the diameter of less than 0.7mm, and a surface oxidation layer and impurities are removed.
The rear steering knuckle products produced in the examples and the comparative examples are sampled by test bars according to the parts shown in FIG. 3, the machining sizes and the mechanical properties of the test bars are detected according to the standard GB/T228-2010, and the room-temperature tensile mechanical properties are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 tensile mechanical Properties at Room temperature for the examples and comparative examples
By comparing the mechanical property data of the examples and the comparative examples in the table 1 at the same sampling site, it is found that the cast-forged joint knuckle of the example is compared with the cast knuckle blank of the comparative example: the tensile strength is improved by 40-55 MPa, the yield strength is improved by 25-40 MPa, and the elongation is improved by 1-2%. Therefore, the casting and forging combined steering knuckle production method described by the invention can effectively improve the mechanical property of the casting process steering knuckle by organically combining the casting process and the forging process.
The invention provides a method for producing an aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle of a casting and forging combined passenger car, which fully combines the advantages of a casting process and a forging process by means of casting blank making and forging forming, wherein the casting blank making is used for ensuring the forming of a complex structure of a product, and the forging forming is used for improving the mechanical property of a casting blank by forging and pressing so as to achieve the aim of light weight of the steering knuckle.
The design of the forging die pouring channel storage bin and the design range of the reduction of the casting blank are reasonable.
The forging temperature range, forging pressure range and heat treatment process parameters of the casting blank are reasonably selected.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. And those not described in detail in this specification are well within the skill of the art.
Claims (10)
1. The production method of the cast-forged combined passenger car aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, carrying out light weight optimization design on a selected passenger car aluminum alloy rear steering program standard product to form product data; further designing a forging die and casting blank data according to the product data;
step two, smelting and casting aluminum alloy liquid by using an electric furnace, wherein the aluminum alloy liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:6.5 to 7.5%, cu:0 to 0.03%, mg:0.30 to 0.45%, mn:0.05 to 0.10 percent, ti:0.10 to 0.18 percent, sr:0.01 to 0.025%, fe: less than or equal to 0.15 percent, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of other inevitable impurities, and the balance of Al;
transferring the aluminum alloy solution obtained in the second step into a crucible of low-pressure casting equipment, introducing high-purity argon into the aluminum alloy solution in the crucible, stirring, and performing degassing, impurity removal and refining treatment;
spraying heat-insulating paint and lubricating paint on the inner cavity of the low-pressure casting die, and heating the low-pressure casting die;
pouring the aluminum alloy liquid in the crucible into a die cavity of a die by using low-pressure casting equipment, increasing pressure and maintaining pressure after the die cavity is filled with the aluminum alloy liquid, and cooling and solidifying the aluminum alloy liquid in the die to obtain a casting blank;
heating a forging die, and spraying an oil-based lubricant into an inner cavity of the die;
step seven, conveying the casting blank obtained in the step five to forging and pressing equipment, putting the casting blank into a lower die cavity of a forging die, and then forging and pressing to obtain a forging blank;
and step eight, trimming and removing a runner of the forging blank obtained in the step seven, and then carrying out solid solution treatment and complete artificial aging to obtain the forging blank after heat treatment.
2. The production method of the aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle of the cast-forged combined passenger car according to claim 1, wherein the production method comprises the following steps:
the forging die is designed with a casting blank pouring gate storage bin; the reduction of the forging and pressing direction of the casting blank is 15-25%; and designing a low-pressure casting die according to the casting blank data.
3. The production method of the aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle of the cast-forged combined passenger car according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps of:
and step three, introducing high-purity argon into the aluminum alloy solution in the crucible, clockwise stirring for 15-20 minutes, and performing degassing, impurity removing and refining treatment.
4. The production method of the aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle of the cast-forged combined passenger car according to claim 3, wherein the production method comprises the following steps:
and step four, heating the low-pressure casting die to 240-280 ℃.
5. The production method of the aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle of the cast-forged combined passenger car according to claim 4, wherein the production method comprises the following steps:
in the step five, the pressure increasing value is 220-280 mbar, and the pressure maintaining time is 50-70 seconds.
6. The production method of the aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle of the cast-forged combined passenger car according to claim 5, wherein the production method comprises the following steps:
and heating the forging die to 180-230 ℃ in the sixth step.
7. The production method of the aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle of the cast-forged combined passenger car according to claim 6, wherein the production method comprises the following steps:
and step seven, conveying the casting blank obtained in the step five to forging equipment within 3min, wherein the temperature of the casting blank is 480-540 ℃.
8. The production method of the aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle for the cast-forged combined passenger car as claimed in claim 7, wherein the production method comprises the following steps:
and seventhly, the forging pressure is 1500-1800 tons.
9. The production method of the aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle for the cast-forged combined passenger car as claimed in claim 8, wherein the production method comprises the following steps:
the heat treatment process in the eighth step comprises the following steps: carrying out solution treatment on the forging blank at the temperature of 525-535 ℃ multiplied by 4-5h + 50-60 ℃, carrying out water cooling for 10-15 min, and then carrying out aging treatment on the forging blank at the temperature of 160-175 ℃ multiplied by 5-6 h to obtain the forging blank after heat treatment.
10. The production method of the aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle of the cast-forged combined passenger car according to claim 9, wherein the production method comprises the following steps:
further comprising a ninth step of performing shot blasting on the forged blank after the heat treatment by using steel shots with the diameter of less than 0.7mm to remove a surface oxide layer and impurities to obtain a product blank; and machining the product blank to obtain the aluminum alloy rear steering knuckle product of the casting and forging combined passenger vehicle.
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