CN115189718A

CN115189718A - Direct current power carrier type communication circuit and method

Info

Publication number: CN115189718A
Application number: CN202210803816.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 魏合语; 胡杨民
Original assignee: Shenzhen Dituo Electronic Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen Dituo Electronic Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-07-07
Filing date: 2022-07-07
Publication date: 2022-10-14
Also published as: WO2024007646A1

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of direct current power line carrier waves, in particular to a direct current power carrier wave type communication circuit and a method, wherein the direct current power carrier wave type communication circuit comprises: a host; the slave is connected with the host through a direct current carrier power line, and interaction information between the host and the slave is transmitted through the direct current carrier power line; the circuit related to communication in the host comprises a main control power supply, a main controller and a main switch circuit; the circuits related to communication in the slave machine comprise a slave control power supply, a slave controller, a slave sensing circuit, a non-return device, an electricity storage circuit, a slave switching circuit A and a load; the direct current power carrier type communication circuit and the method can realize the interactive cooperation among a plurality of direct current electric appliances through the direct current power line on the premise of not arranging a special communication port, and have simple structure, low hardware cost and higher practical value.

Description

Direct current power carrier type communication circuit and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of direct current power line carriers, in particular to a direct current power line carrier type communication circuit and a direct current power line carrier type communication method.

Background

The application of the alternating current carrier technology in electric power meter reading, data communication in a local area network and the like is already well applied. Under the premise of not laying a special communication line, the power line is used as a communication signal carrier, so that the long-distance transmission of data is realized, and the power line carrier has the outstanding advantage of power line carrier.

As another field of power line carrier, the dc power line carrier technology has not been realized for various reasons. The reason for this is that: 1. the transmission application of direct current power is less, and the direct current power line carrier is short of land; 2. the direct current power bus is generally connected with a large-capacity capacitor in parallel and provided with a voltage adjusting circuit, the special effect is hard, and communication signals are difficult to load on the direct current power bus (the communication signals can be absorbed by the parallel capacitor and/or eliminated by the adjusting function of the voltage adjusting circuit).

In practical applications, especially in small household appliances, there are many appliances operating under a dc power supply, and there are situations where a plurality of dc appliances cooperate with each other. The current solutions are: the distributed AC/DC power supply mode is sampled, a mains supply network is arranged for each direct current electric appliance, each direct current electric appliance is respectively provided with an AC/DC adapter, and alternating current is taken from the mains supply network nearby and is converted into direct current to respectively supply power to each direct current electric appliance; and then an RS485/RS232 serial port communication network, a control signal line or a wireless communication network is arranged to provide communication for each direct current electric appliance. The limitations of this type of implementation are: 1. a special communication network needs to be laid, or a wireless communication device needs to be arranged to realize communication; 2. an AC/DC adapter is required to be arranged for each direct current electrical appliance respectively to provide a working power supply for each direct current electrical appliance, the overall structure is complex, and the cost is high; 3. in the application that the power of the direct current electric appliance is smaller, the sum or distribution distance is closer, and/or the communication data volume is smaller, the realization scheme is more complicated and heavier, and is not beneficial to miniaturization.

At present, in many small devices operating under a dc power supply, calibration, factory setting, etc. of the devices are required in the rear process of the device manufacturing process, and it is a common practice to manually test, calibrate, set, etc. the devices one by one. A large amount of labor is consumed, a worker with certain skills is required to complete the process, and the whole process is completed manually, so that the testing and adjusting precision is influenced by the skills, emotion, environment and the like of an operator, the working efficiency is low, and ideal requirements on consistency and precision are often difficult to achieve. With the improvement of the production automation degree, the procedures of testing, adjusting, setting and the like can be automatically completed through the automatic equipment, but an interaction interface needs to be reserved and set during equipment design, on one hand, a corresponding communication port needs to be added for automatic adjusting, and on the other hand, a corresponding interaction interface needs to be designed. This will occupy a large design resource; in the miniaturized equipment, the additional arrangement of a communication port for automatic adjustment influences the appearance design or restricts the miniaturization of the equipment; in addition, due to the existence of the communication ports and the interactive interfaces for automatic adjustment, a hidden danger of misoperation is reserved for the equipment, namely, the initial setting of the equipment is easily disordered due to factors such as misoperation of a user, the use effect is influenced, and even the equipment is damaged, so that a direct current power carrier type communication circuit and a direct current power carrier type communication method are urgently needed to be developed for overcoming the defects in the current practical application.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to a dc power carrier communication circuit and method for solving the above-mentioned problems.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a DC power carrier communication circuit, comprising:

a host;

the slave is connected with the host through a direct current carrier power line, the host supplies power to the slave through the direct current carrier power line, and interactive information between the host and the slave is transmitted through the direct current carrier power line;

the circuit related to communication in the host comprises a main control power supply, a main controller and a main switch circuit, wherein the input end of the main control power supply is connected with a power supply of the host, the output end of the main control power supply is connected with the main controller, and the main switch circuit is connected in series on a direct current carrier power line loop for supplying power to the slave and is controlled by the main controller;

the communication-related circuit in the slave machine comprises a slave control power supply, a slave controller, a slave sensing circuit, a non-return device, an electricity storage circuit, a slave switching circuit A and a load;

the non-return device is connected between the direct current carrier power line and the electricity storage circuit in series and used for preventing the electric energy stored by the electricity storage circuit from flowing backwards to the direct current carrier power line;

the input end of the slave control power supply is connected with the energy storage circuit, the output end of the slave control power supply is connected with a slave controller, the slave controller is connected to the direct current carrier power line in series through the slave sensing circuit, and the slave switch circuit A is connected between the direct current carrier power line and a load in series or between the energy storage circuit and the load in series and is controlled by the slave controller.

As a further scheme of the invention: further comprising: the main sensing circuit is connected in series with the direct current carrier power line and is connected with the main switching circuit, and the output end of the main sensing circuit is connected with the main controller and is used for detecting the interactive information from the slave;

and the slave switch circuit B is controlled by the slave controller and is connected to the direct current carrier power line in series through the dummy load.

As a further scheme of the invention: the slave sensing circuit is a voltage sensing circuit and consists of a resistance voltage division network and a clamping element;

the main switch circuit is a circuit taking an MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor) as a core and comprises a P-type MOSFET and a driving circuit which are connected in series on a direct-current carrier power line;

the driving circuit comprises a grid bias resistor connected between the grid electrode and the source electrode of the MOSFET, a voltage dividing resistor connected with the grid electrode of the MOSFET, a transistor or the MOSFET connected with the other end of the voltage dividing resistor, and a current limiting resistor or a grid resistor connected with the base electrode or the grid electrode of the transistor or the MOSFET.

As a further scheme of the invention: the main sensing circuit is a current sensing circuit, consists of a sampling element and a signal processing circuit, and is used for extracting a pulse signal from the load current of the slave from a direct current carrier power line, shaping the pulse signal and inputting the shaped pulse signal to the main controller;

the signal processing circuit is an alternating current amplifying circuit with clamping and level control functions, and is respectively connected with the sampling element and the main controller, and the alternating current amplifying circuit and the main controller share the same power supply;

the level control is a DC bias circuit which can make the output amplitude of the AC amplifying circuit in the digital level range of the main controller under the condition of zero AC signal.

As a further scheme of the invention: the sampling element is a current sampling resistor;

the alternating current amplifying circuit takes an operational amplifier as a core, and further comprises a direct current bias circuit connected to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier, a capacitor bridged between a current-adopting resistor and the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier, a negative feedback resistor bridged between the inverting input end of the operational amplifier and the output end of the operational amplifier, and a resistance-capacitance network bridged between the inverting input end of the operational amplifier and a negative power supply.

As a further scheme of the invention: the non-return device is a diode, the anode of the diode is connected with the positive end of the direct current carrier power line, and the cathode of the diode is connected with the energy storage circuit;

the energy storage circuit is a capacitor, the anode of the capacitor is connected with the cathode of the non-return device, and the cathode of the capacitor is connected with the negative end of the direct current carrier power line; or

The energy storage circuit is a circuit consisting of a freewheeling diode, an inductor and a capacitor, one end of the inductor is connected with the cathode of the non-return device, the other end of the inductor is connected with the anode of the capacitor, the cathode of the capacitor is connected with the negative end of the direct-current carrier power line, the anode of the freewheeling diode is connected with the negative end of the direct-current carrier power line, and the cathode of the freewheeling diode is connected with the anode of the non-return device.

As a further scheme of the invention: the energy storage circuit further comprises a battery management circuit, a secondary battery and a double-circuit power supply circuit, wherein the battery management circuit is connected with the non-return device, and the secondary battery and the direct-current carrier power line achieve coordinated power supply through the double-circuit power supply circuit.

As a further scheme of the invention: the current-limiting circuit is connected with the main switch circuit in series and is arranged in the host; and/or

The slave switch circuit A is connected in series and is installed in a slave; or

And a slave switch circuit B connected in series to the slave device.

As a further scheme of the invention: ID setting circuits are arranged in the host and the slave machines, and the ID setting circuits are connected with a master controller of the host and slave controllers of the slave machines; or

The host and each slave are internally provided with a memory or a storage area for memorizing ID data in the master controller or the slave controller, and the memory or the storage area is used for memorizing the ID data of the host or the slave.

A direct current power carrier communication method is applied to the direct current power carrier communication circuit, and comprises the following steps:

s1, unifying communication protocols: the host and the slave agree on a unified communication protocol, and the information sender compiles a communication code according to the communication protocol and controls a sending time sequence;

s2, communication initiation: when the communication initiator is the host: the main controller compiles information to be sent into communication codes according to a communication protocol, and controls a main switch circuit to be switched on and off according to a time sequence according to a sending time sequence appointed by the communication protocol;

when the communication initiator is the slave host: the slave controller compiles information to be sent into a communication code according to a communication protocol, and controls the slave switch circuit to be switched on and off according to a time sequence according to a sending time sequence appointed by the communication protocol, wherein the slave switch circuit is a slave switch circuit B or a slave switch circuit A;

s3, data receiving: when the data receiver is the host: the master controller receives the pulse signal from the master sensing circuit, and analyzes and obtains the information sent by the slave according to the communication protocol;

when the data receiver is a slave: the slave controller receives the pulse signal from the slave sensing circuit, and analyzes and acquires the information sent by the host according to the communication protocol;

s4, communication response: the data receiver executes corresponding action according to the received information, and exchanges information according to the step S2 and the step S3 when the information needs to be responded.

As a further scheme of the invention: between steps S3 and S4, there is further provided step S3A, where step S3A is a step of determining an ID: and (4) resolving the ID data from the received information, comparing the ID data with the self ID data, and executing the step (S4) if the ID data are the same as the self ID data, otherwise discarding the received information and not executing the step.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) On the basis of a direct current power supply line, communication and cooperation between a master machine and a slave machine can be realized without additionally arranging a special communication line, and the connection between the master machine and the slave machine is simplified;

(2) The AC amplification circuit and the main controller share the same power supply, so that the limit output voltage of the AC amplification circuit is ensured to be within the voltage range of the shared power supply, and the output signal of the AC amplification circuit can be clamped without adding a clamping circuit for the output signal of the AC amplification circuit;

through the level control circuit, when the alternating current input signal is 0, the output signal amplitude of the alternating current amplifying circuit is identified as a digital signal by the main controller, and is an identifiable high level or low level, but not in an uncertain level range; when the alternating current input signal is not 0, the current pulse generated by the switching of the switching circuit A or the switching circuit B on the direct current carrier power line can be converted into an effective digital level corresponding to the level through the matching setting of the alternating current gain of the alternating current amplifying circuit, and the effective digital level is identified by the main controller;

(3) The scheme that the arranged energy storage circuit is a capacitor is more suitable for the condition that the power of the slave machine is low, at the moment, the switch current of the direct current carrier power line is low, and the capacitor can buffer the impact current on the direct current carrier power line;

when the energy storage circuit is a circuit consisting of a freewheeling diode, an inductor and a capacitor, the energy storage circuit is more suitable for the condition of high power of the slave machine, and the impact current in the opening and closing process of the main switch circuit can cause damaging impact on the main switch, the capacitor or other components; therefore, an inductor is arranged in front of the capacitor to buffer the instantaneous current at the closing moment of the main switch; meanwhile, a freewheeling diode is arranged at the front end of the inductor and used for building a freewheeling loop for the electric energy stored in the inductor at the moment when the main switch is turned off, so that the counter electromotive force of the inductor is prevented from damaging other components and devices, and turn-to-turn breakdown of an inductor winding caused by overhigh voltage is prevented;

(4) The host and the slave machines are provided with own IDs, appointed bytes in communication data carry the ID data of a target machine position, and a receiver compares the IDs, confirms whether the communication frame is a communication frame which is locally responded, and then responds.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a unidirectional communication circuit of a dc power carrier according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a dc power carrier bidirectional communication circuit in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a dc power carrier bidirectional communication circuit in embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a unidirectional communication circuit of a dc power carrier according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a dc power carrier bidirectional communication circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.

In the figure: 1-host computer, 2-slave computer, 3-direct current carrier power line.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Specific implementations of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

Example 1

Direct current power carrier one-way communication circuit. Referring to fig. 1, the dc power carrier unidirectional communication circuit is composed of a host 1, a slave 2, and a dc carrier power line 3. Wherein:

the host 1 comprises a main switch circuit, a connector, a main control power supply, a main controller, a host computer interaction and the like, wherein the main switch circuit and the connector are connected in series on the power input end, and the main control power supply is used for taking electricity from the power input end.

The slave 2 comprises a slave sensor connected to the direct current carrier power line 3, a non-return device, a slave switch circuit A and a load which are sequentially connected to the direct current carrier power line 3 in series, an energy storage circuit connected behind the non-return device, a slave controller, a slave control power supply for taking electricity from the man-machine interaction and the electricity storage circuit, and the like.

In the host 1, a main control power supply takes electricity from a power supply input end to form a stable low-voltage power supply which is used as a working power supply of a main controller; the main computer interaction is electrically connected with the main controller to form an interaction channel between the main computer part 1 and a user; the state of the main switching circuit is controlled by the main controller.

In the slave 2, the slave sensor is connected to the dc carrier power line 3, and its output signal is input to the slave controller; the non-return device is connected in series behind the slave sensor, prevents current from reversing the fluid, and is connected with the energy storage circuit behind the non-return device; the slave control power supply takes electricity from the electricity storage circuit connected behind the non-return device to form a stable low-voltage power supply which is used as a working power supply of the slave controller; the slave switch circuit A is connected with the power storage circuit, the state of the slave switch circuit A is controlled by the slave controller, and the working current of a load connected behind the slave switch circuit A is controlled; the slave man-machine interaction is electrically connected with the slave controller to form an interaction channel between the slave part 1 and a user.

The host 1 and the slave 2 are electrically connected through a direct current carrier power line 3.

When the power supply works, the power supply supplies power to the host 1, the main controller controls the main switch circuit to be in a normally open state, and the direct-current carrier power line 3 is electrified; the slave machine 2 obtains a power supply from the direct current carrier power line 3 and stores electric energy to the energy storage circuit after passing through the non-return device; the slave control power supply takes electricity from the energy storage circuit and provides a stable working power supply for the slave controller; the load is connected to the tank circuit through a slave switching circuit a in series therewith.

During communication, the main controller compiles information to be sent into a pulse string with a certain time sequence rule according to an agreed coding rule, and controls the main switch circuit to switch according to the time sequence of the pulse string, so that the voltage on the direct current carrier power line 3 is in a pulse state; the slave sensor converts the voltage pulse signal on the direct current carrier power line 3 into a level pulse which can be identified by the slave controller, restores the level pulse into an information string which is sent by the master controller, inputs the information string into the slave controller, and the slave controller receives, identifies and executes the information string. To this end, the process of the master part transmitting information to the slave part 2 is completed.

Because the power supply on the direct current carrier power line 3 is interrupted instantaneously in the process of sending communication information by the host computer, the power supply of the slave computer is abnormal, a non-return device and an energy storage circuit are arranged in the slave computer, and the energy storage circuit provides electric energy at the moment of interruption of the power supply on the direct current carrier power line 3 to maintain the slave computer to work; and the non-return device prevents the voltage of the energy storage circuit from flowing back to the slave sensor, so that the interference to the voltage pulse on the direct current carrier power line 3 is avoided, and communication information is hidden.

The embodiment has the advantages that: information can be transmitted in one direction without the need of special communication interaction lines, corresponding connectors and the like; the interfaces of the master and the slave are simplified.

Example 2

Direct current power carrier wave two-way communication circuit. Referring to fig. 2, the dc power carrier unidirectional communication circuit is composed of a host 1, a slave 2, and a dc carrier power line 3. Wherein:

the host 1 comprises a main switch circuit, a main sensing circuit and a connector which are connected in series with the power input end, and a main control power supply, a main controller, a host computer interaction and the like which take electricity from the power input end. The main control power supply provides a stable working power supply for the main controller, the main sensing circuit, the main computer interaction and the like; the switch state of the main switch circuit is controlled by the main controller; the main sensing circuit is connected in series with the direct current carrier power line 3, is a detection circuit with the current sensor as a core, detects the state of the direct current carrier power line 3, converts a pulse signal in the state into a level pulse which can be identified by the main controller, and inputs the level pulse into the main controller.

In the present embodiment, after the dc carrier power line 3 is connected to the inside of the slave 2 through the connector, the slave 2 is provided with a slave sensor connected to the dc carrier power line 3, a non-return device connected in series to the dc carrier power line 3 in this order, a slave switch circuit a, a load, an energy storage circuit connected after the non-return device, and a slave control power supply and the like which are connected to the slave controller, are operated alternately by a human and machine, and take power from the energy storage circuit.

When the power supply works, the power supply supplies power to the host 1, the main controller controls the main switch circuit to be in a normally open state, and the direct-current carrier power line 3 is electrified; the slave part 2 obtains a power supply from the direct current carrier power line 3 and stores electric energy to the energy storage circuit after passing through the non-return device; the slave control power supply gets power from the energy storage circuit and provides a stable working power supply for the slave controller; the load is connected to the tank circuit through a slave switching circuit a in series therewith.

In communication, when the host 1 sends information to the slave 2, the master controller compiles the information to be sent into a pulse string with a certain time sequence rule according to an agreed coding rule, and controls the master switching circuit to switch according to the time sequence of the pulse string, so that the voltage on the direct current carrier power line 3 is in a pulse state; the slave sensor converts the voltage pulse signal on the direct current carrier power line 3 into a level pulse which can be identified by the slave controller, restores the level pulse into an information string which is sent by the master controller, inputs the information string into the slave controller, and receives, identifies and executes the information string by the slave controller. Up to this point, the process of the master part 1 transmitting information to the slave part 2 is completed.

When the slave 2 sends information to the master 1, the slave controller compiles the information to be sent into a pulse train (hereinafter referred to as an information pulse train) with a certain time sequence rule according to an agreed coding rule, a slave switch circuit B is controlled to switch according to the time sequence of the pulse train, and a dummy load consumes pulse current from a direct current carrier power line 3 according to the characteristics of the information pulse train, so that the current on the direct current carrier power line 3 is superposed with components containing the characteristics of the information pulse; in the main machine 1, a main sensor picks up the current on a direct current carrier power line 3, picks up an alternating current component in the current, converts the alternating current component into level pulses which can be identified by a main controller, inputs the level pulses into the main controller, and the level pulses are received, identified and executed by the main controller. So far, the process of transmitting information from the slave 2 to the master 1 is completed.

As in embodiment 1, because the power supply on the dc carrier power line 3 is momentarily interrupted during the process of sending communication information by the host, which may cause power supply abnormality of the slave, a non-return device and an energy storage circuit are provided in the slave, and the energy storage circuit provides electric energy at the time of interruption of the power supply on the dc carrier power line 3 to maintain the slave working; and the non-return device prevents the voltage of the energy storage circuit from flowing backwards to the slave sensor, so that the interference to the voltage pulse on the direct current carrier power line 3 is avoided, and the communication information is hidden.

The embodiment has the advantages that: information can be transmitted in two directions without a special communication interaction line, a corresponding connector and the like; the interfaces of the master and the slave are simplified.

Example 3

Direct current power carrier wave two-way communication circuit. Referring to fig. 3, the dc power carrier unidirectional communication circuit is composed of a host 1, a slave 2 and a dc carrier power line 3. Wherein:

the host 1 comprises a main switch circuit, a main sensing circuit, a connector, a main control power supply, a main controller, a host computer interaction and the like, wherein the main switch circuit, the main sensing circuit and the connector are connected in series on a power input end, and the main control power supply, the main controller and the host computer interaction are used for taking electricity from the power input end. The main control power supply provides a stable working power supply for the main controller, the main sensing circuit, the main computer interaction and the like; the switch state of the main switch circuit is controlled by the main controller; the main sensing circuit is connected in series with the direct current carrier power line 3, is a detection circuit with the current sensor as a core, detects the state of the direct current carrier power line 3, converts a pulse signal in the state into a level pulse which can be identified by the main controller, and inputs the level pulse into the main controller.

The difference from embodiment 2 is from the machine 2. In this embodiment, the slave 2 is provided with a slave sensor connected to the dc carrier power line 3, a slave switch circuit a sequentially connected in series to the dc carrier power line 3, a load, a non-return device connected to the dc carrier power line 3, an energy storage circuit and a slave control power supply sequentially connected in series to the non-return device, and a slave controller and a slave human-computer interaction. The difference from the second embodiment is that: in this embodiment, the load is directly connected to the dc carrier power line 3 through the slave switching circuit a connected in series, without passing through the non-return device and the energy storage circuit.

When the device works, the power supply supplies power to the host 1, the main controller controls the main switching circuit to be in a normally open state, and the direct-current carrier power line 3 is electrified; the slave 2 obtains a power supply from the direct current carrier power line 3, stores electric energy to the energy storage circuit after passing through the non-return device, supplies power to the slave control power supply, and provides a stable working power supply for the slave controller; the load is connected to the dc carrier power line 3 through a slave switching circuit a connected in series therewith.

In the communication, when the master 1 transmits information to the slave 2, the operation principle and flow thereof are the same as those of embodiment 2.

When the slave machine 2 sends information to the host machine 1, the slave controller compiles the information to be sent into an information pulse train according to an agreed coding rule, controls the slave switch circuit A to switch according to the time sequence of the pulse train, drives a load to consume pulse current from the direct current carrier power line 3 according to the characteristics of the information pulse train, and enables the direct current carrier power line 3 to generate the information pulse train; in the main machine 1, a main sensor picks up the current on a direct current carrier power line 3, converts the current into level pulses which can be identified by a main controller, inputs the level pulses into the main controller, and the level pulses are received, identified and executed by the main controller. So far, the process of transmitting information from the slave 2 to the master 1 is completed.

The difference between the communication process and the embodiment 2 is that in this embodiment, when the slave 2 sends information to the master 1, the slave controller controls the slave switch circuit a to drive the load, and generates an information pulse train on the dc carrier power line 3; in embodiment 2, the slave switch circuit B and the dummy load need to be provided, the slave switch circuit B is controlled by the slave controller to drive the dummy load, and the information burst component superimposed on the load current is generated on the dc carrier power line 3.

Obviously, compared with the embodiment 2, the embodiment has the advantages that: simplify the internal circuitry of the slave portion 2; the current peak value on the direct current carrier power line 3 is reduced, so that the burden of a main switch circuit in the host part 1 is reduced, the main switch circuit is allowed to select devices with smaller specifications, and the cost and the volume are reduced; the current peak value on the direct current carrier power line 3 is reduced, so that a power supply with smaller capacity is allowed to be used for supplying power to the whole direct current carrier communication circuit, and the cost and the volume are reduced.

Example 4

More specifically, a unidirectional communication circuit of DC power carrier. Referring to fig. 4, the connectors CN12 and CN21 are used as boundaries, the left side portion is the master 1, and the right side portion is the slave 2.

The host circuit comprises a main control circuit taking a central controller U12 as a core, a main control power supply taking an integrated voltage stabilizing circuit U11 as a core, a main switching circuit taking a field effect transistor Q11 as a core and the like. Wherein:

the power supply is connected to the host from a connector CN11, the main control power supply comprises a filter capacitor C11, an integrated voltage stabilizing circuit U11 and a decoupling capacitor C12, the C11 is connected with an input pin I of the U11, and the C12 is connected with an output pin O of the U11 and is connected to a power supply input pin VCC of a central controller U12.

The main control circuit comprises a central controller U12 and a main computer interaction circuit CM11, and a communication output pin DO1 of the U12 is connected with the main switch circuit.

The main switch circuit is composed of a transistor Q12, a field effect transistor Q11 and respective current limiting and biasing resistors, wherein a resistor R13 is connected in series between a communication output pin DO1 of the U12 and a base electrode of the Q12 and is used as a base electrode current limiting resistor of the Q12; r11 and R12 form a voltage divider network to provide bias for Q11.

The slave 2 comprises a slave sensing circuit, a non-return device, an energy storage circuit, a slave control power supply, a slave control circuit, a load control circuit and the like, wherein:

the secondary sensing circuit is composed of a voltage division network composed of resistors R21 and R22 and a voltage stabilizing tube D22, and the voltage stabilizing tube D22 is used for clamping voltage division output signals so as to avoid the damage of the U22 caused by the fact that overhigh voltage or reverse polarity voltage is input to a central processing unit U22 from the connecting ends of the resistors R21 and R22. The output end of the slave sensing circuit is connected with the communication input end DI1 of the central processing unit U22.

The non-return device is a diode D21 connected in series to the dc carrier power line connected to the connector 21, followed by an energy storage circuit formed by a capacitor C21.

The slave control power supply takes the integrated voltage stabilizing circuit U21 as a core, the input end I of the slave control power supply is connected with the decoupling capacitor C24, the output end O of the slave control power supply is connected with the decoupling capacitor C23, and the slave control power supply is connected with a power supply pin VCC of the central processing unit U22.

The slave control circuit takes the central processing unit U22 as a core, and the communication input end DI1 of the slave control circuit is connected with the output end of the slave sensing circuit; a load control pin DO1 of the controller is connected with a load control circuit; the DIO1-DIOn is used as an input or output pin of the man-machine interaction and is connected with a man-machine interaction circuit CM 21.

The load control circuit takes a field effect transistor Q21 as a core, the grid electrode of the load control circuit is connected with a load control pin DO1 of a central processing unit U22, the source electrode of the load control circuit is connected with the negative electrode (power ground) of a direct current power carrier bus, the drain electrode of the load control circuit is connected with one end of a load RL, and the other end of the load RL is connected with a non-return device which is the cathode of a diode D21.

The master 1 is connected to the connector CN21 of the slave 2 through the connector CN12, so that the connection between the master 1 and the slave 2 is completed, and the external power supply voltage is connected to the master 1 from the CN11 connector of the master 1.

When the integrated voltage stabilizing circuit works, a communication output pin DO1 of a central controller U12 of a host 1 outputs a high level to enable a transistor Q12 to be conducted, the lower end of a resistor R12 is pulled down, so that the voltage drop on the resistor R11 is larger than the grid conducting voltage of a field effect transistor Q11 to drive the Q11 to be conducted, a direct current carrier power line where connectors CN12 and CN21 are located is electrified, a diode D21 is conducted, capacitors C21 and C24 are electrified to store energy, an integrated voltage stabilizing circuit U21 is electrified to supply power to a central processor U22, and the central processor U22 works normally.

During communication, the central controller U12 of the host 1 converts data to be transmitted into a pulse train with a predetermined timing sequence, outputs the pulse train from the communication output pin DO1 of the U12, and controls the field effect transistor Q11 to be intermittently turned off and on according to the timing sequence of the pulse train, and accordingly, the voltage on the direct current carrier power line is in a pulse state along with the turn-off and turn-on of the Q11. And after the data transmission is finished, the Q11 is closed.

On the slave side, a voltage signal on a direct current carrier power line is sampled from a sensing circuit, is converted into a pulse string which can be identified by a central processing unit U22 after voltage division and clamping, is input to a communication input end of the U22, and is identified and executed by the U22. And when the one-way communication process initiated by the host is finished, the field effect transistor Q11 on the host side is continuously conducted, and the slave side obtains a normal working power supply.

In the communication process, at the moment when the field effect transistor Q11 on the host 1 side is cut off, in order to prevent the electric energy of the energy storage capacitor C21 from flowing backwards to the direct current carrier power line, the pulse low level on the direct current carrier power line is covered, the diode D21 is arranged, the electric energy of the C21 is prevented from flowing backwards to the direct current carrier power line, and the correct pulse string from the host side can be obtained from the sensing circuit. Meanwhile, the electric energy stored by the energy storage capacitor C21 guarantees the power consumption requirement of the slave at the moment when the field effect transistor Q11 on the host side is cut off.

Example 5

More specifically, a direct current power carrier bidirectional communication circuit. Referring to fig. 5, the connectors CN12 and CN21 are used as boundaries, the left side portion is the master 1, and the right side portion is the slave 2.

The host circuit comprises a main control circuit taking a central controller U12 as a core, a main control power supply taking an integrated voltage stabilizing circuit U11 as a core, a main switch circuit taking a field effect transistor Q11 as a core, a main sensing circuit taking an operational amplifier U13 as a core and the like. Wherein:

The main control circuit comprises a central controller U12 and a main host computer interaction circuit CM11, a communication output pin DO1 of the U12 is connected with the main switch circuit, and a communication input pin DI1 is connected with the output end of the main sensing circuit.

The main sensing circuit takes an operational amplifier U13 as a core, a voltage division network is formed by R16, R18 and C14, voltage division is carried out on the output voltage V1 of the main control power supply, C14 is voltage division output decoupling, and the voltage division output is connected with the non-inverting input end of the U13 through a non-inverting input resistor R17 to provide static bias voltage for the U13; r19 is a current detection resistor (current sensor) connected in series to the dc carrier power line, one end of which is connected to the negative electrode (power ground) of the power supply, the other end of which is connected to the negative electrode of the dc carrier power line, one end of a dc blocking capacitor C15 which is connected to the negative electrode of the dc carrier power line, and the other end of which is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U13, and is configured to detect an ac current signal on the dc carrier power line and input the ac current signal to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U13; r15, R14 and C13 form an alternating current negative feedback gain setting network, wherein R15 is connected between the inverting input end and the output end of U13 in a bridge mode, and R14 and C13 are connected between the inverting input end of U13 and the power ground in series.

The slave 2 comprises a slave sensing circuit, a non-return device, an energy storage circuit, a slave control power supply, a slave control circuit, a load control circuit, a dummy load control circuit and the like, wherein:

the secondary sensing circuit is composed of a voltage division network formed by resistors R21 and R22 and a voltage stabilizing tube D22, and the voltage stabilizing tube D22 is used for clamping a voltage division output signal so as to avoid the damage of the U22 caused by the input of an overhigh voltage or a reverse polarity voltage to the central processing unit U22 from the connecting ends of the resistors R21 and R22. The output end of the slave sensing circuit is connected with the communication input end DI1 of the central processing unit U22.

The non-return device is a diode D21 connected in series to the dc carrier power line connected to the connector 21, followed by a tank circuit formed by a capacitor C21.

The slave control circuit takes the central processing unit U22 as a core, and the communication input end DI1 of the slave control circuit is connected with the output end of the slave sensing circuit; a load control pin DO1 of the power supply is connected with a load control circuit; a dummy load control pin DO2 of the circuit is connected with a dummy load control circuit; the DIO1-DIOn is used as an input or output pin of the man-machine interaction and is connected with a man-machine interaction circuit CM 21.

The dummy load control circuit takes a field effect transistor Q22 as a core, the grid electrode of the dummy load control circuit is connected with a load control pin DO2 (communication output pin) of a central processing unit U22, the source electrode of the dummy load control circuit is connected with the negative electrode (power ground) of a direct current power carrier bus, the drain electrode of the dummy load control circuit is connected with one end of a dummy load R23, and the other end of the dummy load R23 is connected with the positive electrode of the direct current power carrier bus.

During communication, when the host 1 sends information to the slave, the central controller U12 of the host converts data to be sent into a pulse string with an appointed time sequence, the data is output from a communication output pin DO1 of the U12, and the field effect tube Q11 is controlled to be discontinuously cut off and turned on according to the time sequence of the pulse string; accordingly, the voltage on the dc carrier power line assumes a pulsed state with the off-on of Q11. Q11 is closed after the data transmission is completed.

On the slave 2 side, the voltage signal on the direct current carrier power line is sampled from the sensing circuit, is converted into a pulse string which can be identified by the central processing unit U22 after voltage division and clamping, is input to the communication input end of the U22, and is identified and executed by the U22. When the communication process initiated by the master is finished, the field effect transistor Q11 on the master 1 side is continuously conducted, and then the slave 2 side obtains normal working power supply.

When the slave 2 sends information to the host 1, the central controller U22 of the slave 2 converts data to be sent into a pulse string with an appointed time sequence, the data is output from a communication output pin DO2 of the U22, the field effect transistor Q22 is controlled to be cut off and turned on discontinuously according to the time sequence of the pulse string, and current pulses with communication information characteristics are applied to a direct current carrier power line; correspondingly, on the host 1 side, the current pulse on the direct current carrier power line passes through the current detection resistor R19 connected in series to generate a pulse voltage drop at R19, passes through the blocking capacitor C15 and then is input to the operational amplifier U13, and after ac amplification, a pulse string with slave sending information characteristics is output at the output end of U13 and is input to the communication input end DI1 of the master controller U12, and is identified, analyzed and executed by the master controller U12. So far, the communication process initiated by the slave 2 is completed.

In the communication process, at the moment when the field effect transistor Q11 on the host 1 side is cut off, in order to prevent the electric energy of the energy storage capacitor C21 from flowing backwards to the direct current carrier power line and cover up the low level of the pulse on the direct current carrier power line, the diode D21 is arranged and prevents the electric energy of the C21 from flowing backwards to the direct current carrier power line, so that a correct pulse string from the host 1 side can be obtained from the sensing circuit. Meanwhile, the electric energy stored by the energy storage capacitor C21 guarantees the power consumption requirement of the slave machine 2 at the moment when the field effect transistor Q11 on the side of the main machine 1 is cut off.

It should be noted that, in the present invention, although the description is made according to the embodiments, not every embodiment includes only one independent technical solution, and such description of the description is only for clarity, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the technical solutions in the embodiments can also be combined appropriately to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A dc power carrier communication circuit, comprising:

a host;

the non-return device is connected between the direct current carrier power line and the power storage circuit in series and used for preventing the electric energy stored by the power storage circuit from flowing backwards to the direct current carrier power line;

2. The direct current power carrier communication circuit according to claim 1, further comprising: the main sensing circuit is connected in series with the direct current carrier power line and is connected with the main switching circuit, and the output end of the main sensing circuit is connected with the main controller and is used for detecting the interactive information from the slave;

3. The dc power carrier communication circuit according to claim 2, wherein the slave sensing circuit is a voltage sensing circuit comprising a resistor voltage divider network and a clamping element;

the main switch circuit is a circuit taking an MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) as a core and comprises a P-type MOSFET and a driving circuit which are connected in series on a direct current carrier power line;

4. The direct-current power carrier communication circuit according to claim 3, wherein the main sensing circuit is a current sensing circuit, which is composed of a sampling element and a signal processing circuit, and is configured to extract a pulse signal from a load current of the slave device from the direct-current carrier power line, shape the pulse signal, and input the pulse signal to the main controller;

5. The direct current power carrier communication circuit of claim 4, wherein the sampling element is a current sampling resistor;

6. The direct-current power carrier communication circuit according to claim 1, wherein the non-return device is a diode, an anode of the diode is connected to a positive terminal of the direct-current carrier power line, and a cathode of the diode is connected to the energy storage circuit;

the energy storage circuit is a capacitor, the anode of the capacitor is connected with the cathode of the non-return device, and the cathode of the capacitor is connected with the cathode end of the direct current carrier power line; or

The energy storage circuit is a circuit consisting of a freewheeling diode, an inductor and a capacitor, one end of the inductor is connected with the cathode of the anti-reversal device, the other end of the inductor is connected with the anode of the capacitor, the cathode of the capacitor is connected with the cathode end of the direct current carrier power line, the anode of the freewheeling diode is connected with the cathode end of the direct current carrier power line, and the cathode of the freewheeling diode is connected with the anode of the anti-reversal device.

7. The direct-current power carrier communication circuit according to claim 1, wherein the energy storage circuit further includes a battery management circuit, a secondary battery, and a two-way power supply circuit, the battery management circuit is connected to the non-return device, and the secondary battery is supplied with power in coordination with the direct-current carrier power line through the two-way power supply circuit.

8. The DC power carrier communication circuit according to any one of claims 1-6, further comprising a current limiting circuit, connected in series with the main switch circuit, installed in a host; and/or

And a slave switch circuit B connected in series to the slave device.

9. The dc power carrier communication circuit according to claim 1, wherein an ID setting circuit is provided in each of the master and the slaves, and the ID setting circuit connects a master controller of the master and a slave controller of the slave; or

10. A dc power carrier communication method, based on the dc power carrier communication circuit of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:

s1, unifying communication protocols: the host and the slave appoint a unified communication protocol, and the information sender compiles a communication code according to the communication protocol and controls a sending time sequence;

s2, communication initiation: when the communication initiator is the host: the main controller compiles information to be sent into a communication code according to a communication protocol and controls a main switch circuit to be switched on and off according to a time sequence according to a sending time sequence agreed by the communication protocol;

when the communication initiator is the slave host: the slave controller compiles information to be sent into a communication code according to a communication protocol, and controls the slave switch circuit to be switched on and off according to a time sequence according to a sending time sequence agreed by the communication protocol, wherein the slave switch circuit is a slave switch circuit B or a slave switch circuit A;

s3, data receiving: when the data receiver is the host: the master controller receives the pulse signal from the master sensing circuit, and analyzes and obtains the information sent by the slave according to a communication protocol;

when the data receiver is a slave: the slave controller receives the pulse signal from the slave sensing circuit, and analyzes and obtains the information sent by the host according to the communication protocol;

11. The dc power carrier communication method according to claim 10, further comprising a step S3A between steps S3 and S4, wherein the step S3A is a step of determining an ID: and (4) resolving the ID data from the received information, comparing the ID data with the ID data of the user, and executing the step (S4) if the ID data are the same, otherwise, discarding the received information and not executing the step (S).