CN115188940A - Single crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material - Google Patents
Single crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single crystal nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material, which is of a core-shell structure, wherein the material of a core layer is a high nickel cobalt manganese ternary single crystal positive electrode material; the material of the shell layer comprises Li r (Ni s Co t Mn 1‑s‑t )O 2 (II), metal oxide and metal metaphosphate, wherein in the formula (II), r is more than or equal to 0.9 and less than or equal to 1.05,0.3 and less than or equal to 0.5,0<t<0.4，1‑s‑t>0; the material of the shell layer contains more than 50% of formula (II) and gold by mass percentageThe mass ratio of the metal oxide to the metal metaphosphate is 1: 0.1-10; the cathode material can work under the high pressure of 4.5V and has ideal circulation stability.
Description
The invention relates to a divisional application of Chinese invention patent application, which has the application date of 30/7/2021 and the application number of 2021108693605 and is named as 'a single crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof'.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lithium ion battery electrode materials, particularly relates to a positive electrode material, and particularly relates to a single crystal nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material.
Background
Nowadays, with the continuous improvement of the requirements of pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, portable energy storage devices and the like on the capacity of lithium ion batteries, people expect to develop lithium ion batteries with higher energy density and power density to realize long-term endurance and energy storage, and improving the working voltage of the batteries is one of effective methods for improving the energy density of the lithium ion batteries, however, improving the working voltage can cause a series of problems of cycle performance attenuation and the like of the lithium ion batteries, for example, the side reactions of electrode/electrolyte interfaces are increased, the precipitation of oxygen is increased, the polarization and internal resistance of the batteries are increased, and the cycle life is deteriorated. In order to improve the thermal stability and the cycle performance of the ternary material under high voltage, a common method comprises coating and modifying the ternary cathode material, but the current ternary material cannot be coated on the surface of the cathode material well although being coated and modified, the reaction of an electrolyte/material interface cannot be effectively reduced under high voltage, the cycle stability is poor, and the practical requirement is difficult to meet. Meanwhile, the traditional secondary spherical particles have poor structural firmness, and the skeleton structure of the secondary spherical particles is easy to damage under higher voltage, so that the electrode/solution interface reaction is intensified, and the performance of the battery is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome one or more defects in the prior art and provide an improved single crystal nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material which can work under a high pressure of 4.5V and has ideal cycle stability.
The invention adopts a technical scheme for solving the technical problems that: the utility model provides a single crystal nickel cobalt lithium manganate cathode material, this cathode material is the nucleocapsid structure, nucleocapsid structure includes the nuclear layer, the cladding is in the shell layer on the nuclear layer, the material of nuclear layer is nickel cobalt manganese ternary single crystal cathode material, wherein:
the nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary single crystal positive electrode material has the following structure: li x (Ni a Co b Mn 1-a-b )O 2 In the formula (I), x is more than or equal to 1.0 and less than or equal to 1.15,0.5<a≤0.9，0.05≤b≤0.35，1-a-b＞0；
The material of the shell layer comprises Li r (Ni s Co t Mn 1-s-t )O 2 (II), metal oxide and metal metaphosphate, wherein in the formula (II), r is more than or equal to 0.9 and less than or equal to 1.05,0.3 and less than or equal to 0.5,0<t<0.4，1-s-t>0; wherein, in the material of the shell layer, the Li is calculated by mass percentage r (Ni s Co t Mn 1-s-t )O 2 Accounting for more than 50 percent, and the mass ratio of the metal oxide to the metal metaphosphate is 1: 0.1-10.
According to some preferred aspects of the invention, the total charge of the metal oxide and the metal metaphosphate and the Li r (Ni s Co t Mn 1-s-t )O 2 The mass ratio of the materials is 1: 1-5.
According to some preferred and specific aspects of the present invention, the metal elements in the metal oxide and the metal metaphosphate are respectively selected from one or more of Al, ti, mg, Y, zr, nb, W.
According to some preferred aspects of the invention, the metal oxide is consistent with the metal element in the metal metaphosphate, so that on one hand, the control of the kind of the metal element introduced into the ternary material is facilitated, on the other hand, the compatibility of the cladding material and the ternary material body is improved, and the cycle performance and the thermal stability are improved to a certain extent.
According to some preferred aspects of the invention, the metal oxide has a particle size of 100 to 800nm.
According to some preferred and specific aspects of the present invention, the method for preparing the material of the shell layer comprises: the precursor of the formula (II) is mixed with metal oxide and metal metaphosphate for dispersion, ground, then mixed with lithium source, and sintered in an atmosphere containing oxygen.
According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, the mass ratio of the core layer to the shell layer is 50-200: 1.
According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, the nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary single crystal positive electrode material has a particle size of 2 to 6 μm.
According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, the shell layer has a thickness of 1 to 8 μm.
The invention provides another technical scheme that: the preparation method of the single-crystal nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing metal oxide and metal metaphosphate, adding the mixture into water, dispersing and stirring to form slurry, mixing the obtained slurry with a precursor of a formula (II), grinding, carrying out spray drying treatment, carrying out airflow crushing on the dried mixture to obtain a composite material, mixing the obtained composite material with a lithium source, putting the mixture into an atmosphere furnace for sintering, carrying out jaw crushing, crushing and sieving on the sintered material to obtain a shell layer material;
(2) Mixing the precursor of the formula (I) with a lithium source, putting the mixture into an atmosphere furnace for sintering, and then carrying out jaw crushing, crushing and sieving on the sintered material to obtain a nuclear layer material with the structure shown in the formula (I);
(3) And (3) taking the shell material obtained in the step (1) as a coating material, mixing and dispersing the shell material with the core material obtained in the step (2), then sintering in an atmosphere furnace, and then carrying out jaw crushing, crushing and sieving on the sintered material to obtain the single crystal nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material.
According to some specific and preferred aspects of the present invention, in the step (1), the solid accounts for 30% to 50% of the slurry.
According to some specific and preferred aspects of the present invention, in step (1), the molar ratio of lithium in the lithium source to the sum of nickel, cobalt and manganese elements in the precursor of formula (ii) is 1.00-1.15: 1.
According to some particular aspects of the invention, in step (1), the water is ultrapure water, i.e. water having a resistivity of up to 18M Ω cm (25 ℃).
According to some specific and preferred aspects of the present invention, in step (2), the molar ratio of lithium in the lithium source to the sum of nickel, cobalt and manganese elements in the precursor of formula (i) is 1.00-1.15: 1.
According to some specific and preferred aspects of the present invention, in step (1) or (2), the sintering temperature is 200-1000 ℃, the sintering time is 2-15h, and the sintering atmosphere in the atmosphere furnace is a gas containing oxygen and having an oxygen content of 90-100%.
Further, in the step (1), the sintering temperature is 200-1000 ℃, and the sintering time is 5-15h. Furthermore, the sintering temperature is 400-1000 ℃, and the sintering time is 8-12h.
Further, in the step (2), the sintering temperature is 200-1000 ℃, and the sintering time is 5-15h. Furthermore, the sintering temperature is 400-1000 ℃, and the sintering time is 8-12h.
Further, in the step (3), the sintering temperature is 200-900 ℃, and the sintering time is 2-12h. Furthermore, the sintering temperature is 400-800 ℃, and the sintering time is 8-10h.
The invention provides another technical scheme that: the application of the single-crystal nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material in a high-voltage battery with the voltage reaching 4.5V is provided.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
in the present invention, the inclusion of Li is innovatively employed r (Ni s Co t Mn 1-s-t )O 2 And (II) taking a composite material of three materials of metal oxide and metal metaphosphate as a shell layer material, wherein the metal oxide can be beneficial to effective dispersion of the metal metaphosphate, and the metal oxide can be used as a spacing layer to play a steric hindrance effect due to the fact that nano-sized particles are easily obtained, so that the metal metaphosphate can be dispersed as far as possible, and meanwhile, hydrofluoric acid generated by side reactions in the electrolyte at high voltage can be consumed by the metal oxide, and corrosion is reduced. And metal metaphosphoric acidThe salt system can form a three-dimensional network structure due to the combination of metaphosphate and metal ions, the formed coating layer can obstruct the passage of oxygen atoms, and further can effectively inhibit the structural collapse of the ternary cathode material caused by the release of medium oxygen under relatively high voltage, then when the voltage is continuously increased to reach 4.5V, the stability of the system formed by combining the metaphosphate and metal oxide is deteriorated, and at the moment, a certain content of Li is contained r (Ni s Co t Mn 1-s-t )O 2 The material can play a stabilizing role, the metallometaphosphate and the metal oxide can be kept in good contact with the nuclear layer, the effect of assisting in stabilizing the relative position relationship of the metallometaphosphate/the metal oxide and the nuclear layer is achieved, the stability of the whole shell layer is improved, and the sufficient capacity of the system is ensured, so that the single crystal nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material can be suitable for high-voltage batteries with the voltage of 4.5V, and the ideal circulation stability performance is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XRD (X-ray diffraction) spectrum of a single-crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material obtained in example 1;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of the single-crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material obtained in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the 4.5V, 1C cycle test at 60 ℃ for the button cell of examples 1-3 and comparative example 5;
fig. 4 is a graph of a 4.5v, 1C cycle test at 60C for button cells of comparative examples 1-4.
Detailed Description
The above-described scheme is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples; it is to be understood that these embodiments are illustrative of the principles, essential features and advantages of the invention, and that the invention is not limited in scope by the following embodiments; the implementation conditions used in the examples can be further adjusted according to specific requirements, and the implementation conditions not indicated are generally the conditions in routine experiments. Not specifically illustrated in the following examples, all starting materials are commercially available or prepared by methods conventional in the art.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a single-crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material and the single-crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material prepared by the same.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) Adding the solid mixture into ultrapure water according to the mass ratio of the alumina to the aluminum metaphosphate of 1:2 to form slurry A, wherein the solid matter accounts for 30% in the slurry, and stirring the slurry for 2 hours at the rotating speed of 600 rpm. Then the obtained slurry A and single crystal Ni are mixed 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 (OH) 2 The precursor is added into a grinding machine according to the mass ratio of 5:6, grinding spheres with the particle size of 0.1mm are used, and the dispersed slurry is ground in a sand mill at the rotating speed of 3000 rpm. The slurry was stirred using a dispersion plate at 600rpm for 2h. The dispersed slurry was pumped into a spray dryer and spray dried at 300 rpm. And (3) carrying out jet milling on the obtained spray-dried material, wherein the milling frequency is 50Hz, and thus obtaining the composite material B.
(2) Weighing a lithium source and a composite material B according to the molar ratio of Li (Ni + Co + Mn) =1.05, adding the lithium source and the composite material B into a high-speed mixer at 600r/min, mixing for about 45min, then placing the mixture into an atmosphere furnace for sintering at the sintering temperature of 960 +/-10 ℃ for 12h in an oxygen atmosphere, and carrying out jaw crushing, crushing and sieving after sintering to obtain a shell layer material C.
(3) Preparing a core layer: weighing a lithium source and a ternary single crystal material precursor Ni according to the molar ratio of Li to the ternary material precursor =1.05 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 (OH) 2 Mixing the materials in a high-speed mixer at a speed of 600r/min for 45min, and then putting the mixture into an atmosphere furnace, wherein the sintering temperature is 940 +/-10 ℃, the sintering time is 12h, and the sintering atmosphere is oxygen atmosphere, so as to prepare the nuclear layer material D.
(4) And (3) taking the shell material C as a coating layer, adding the shell material C and the core layer material D into a 600r/min high-speed mixer according to the mass ratio of 1.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a single-crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material and the single-crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material prepared by the same.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) In the same manner as in step (1) of example 1, composite material B was obtained.
(2) The same procedure as in step (2) of example 1 was repeated to obtain a shell material C.
(3) Preparing a core layer: weighing a lithium source and a ternary single crystal material precursor Ni according to the molar ratio of Li to the ternary material precursor =1.05 0.7 Co 0.1 Mn 0.2 (OH) 2 Mixing the materials in a high-speed mixer at a speed of 600r/min for 45min, and then putting the mixture into an atmosphere furnace, wherein the sintering temperature is 930 +/-10 ℃, the sintering time is 12h, and the sintering atmosphere is oxygen atmosphere, so as to prepare the nuclear layer material E.
(4) And (3) taking the shell material C as a coating layer, adding the shell material C and the core layer material E into a high-speed mixer at a speed of 600r/min according to a mass ratio of 1.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a single-crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material and the single-crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material prepared by the same.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) In the same manner as in step (1) of example 1, composite material B was obtained.
(2) The same procedure as in step (2) of example 1 was repeated to obtain a shell material C.
(3) Preparing a core layer: weighing a lithium source and a ternary single crystal material precursor Ni according to a molar ratio of Li to the ternary material precursor =1.05 0.83 Co 0.11 Mn 0.06 (OH) 2 Mixing the materials in a high-speed mixer at a speed of 600r/min for 45min, and then putting the mixture into an atmosphere furnace, wherein the sintering temperature is 890 +/-10 ℃, the sintering time is 12h, and the sintering atmosphere is oxygen atmosphere, so that the nuclear layer material F is prepared.
(4) And (3) taking the shell material C as a coating layer, adding the shell material C and the core layer material F into a high-speed mixer at a speed of 600r/min according to a mass ratio of 1.
Comparative example 1:
(1) Weighing a lithium source and single crystal Ni according to the molar ratio of Li to ternary material precursor =1.05 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 (OH) 2 Mixing the materials in a high-speed mixer at a speed of 600r/min for 45min, and then putting the mixture into an atmosphere furnace, wherein the sintering temperature is 960 +/-10 ℃, the sintering time is 12h, and the sintering atmosphere is oxygen atmosphere, so as to obtain the shell material.
(2) The shell material prepared in the step (1) is used as a coating agent, the shell material and the core material D in the embodiment 1 are added into a high-speed mixer at a speed of 600r/min according to a mass ratio of 1.
Comparative example 2:
(1) Slurry A from example 1 was charged into a grinder, and the dispersed slurry was ground in a sand grinder while maintaining the rotation speed at 3000rpm, using grinding balls having a particle size of 0.1 mm. The slurry was stirred using a dispersion plate at 600rpm for 2h. The dispersed slurry was pumped into a spray dryer and spray dried at 300 rpm. And (3) performing jet milling on the obtained spray-dried material, wherein the milling frequency is 50Hz, and thus obtaining the shell material.
(2) The shell material prepared in the step (1) is used as a coating agent, and is added into a high-speed mixer at 600r/min according to the mass ratio of 1.
Comparative example 3:
(1) Weighing a lithium source and single crystal Ni according to a molar ratio of Li to ternary material precursor =1.05 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 (OH) 2 Mixing the materials in a high-speed mixer at a speed of 600r/min for 45min, and then putting the mixture into an atmosphere furnace, wherein the sintering temperature is 960 +/-10 ℃, the sintering time is 12h, and the sintering atmosphere is oxygen atmosphere, so as to obtain the shell material.
(2) The shell material prepared in the step (1) is used as a coating agent, and is added into a high-speed mixer at 600r/min according to the mass ratio of 1.
Comparative example 4:
(1) Slurry A from example 1 was charged into a grinder, and the dispersed slurry was ground in a sand mill at 3000rpm using grinding balls having a particle size of 0.1 mm. The slurry was stirred using a dispersion plate at 600rpm for 2h. The dispersed slurry was pumped into a spray dryer and spray dried at 300 rpm. And (3) carrying out jet milling on the obtained spray-dried material, wherein the milling frequency is 50Hz, and thus obtaining the shell material.
(2) The shell material prepared in the step (1) is used as a coating agent, the shell material and the core material E in the embodiment 2 are added into a high-speed mixer at a mass ratio of 1:100 for mixing for 45min, then the mixture is placed into an atmosphere furnace for sintering, the sintering temperature is 590 +/-10 ℃, the sintering time is 6h, the sintering atmosphere is oxygen atmosphere, jaw crushing, crushing and sieving are carried out after the sintering is finished, and the aluminum oxide-aluminum metaphosphate composite material is obtained and used as a shell layer, and the single crystal NCM712 is used as a coated material of the core layer.
Comparative example 5:
basically, the method is the same as the method of the embodiment 1, and the method only differs from the method in that: in the materials of the shell layer, the single crystal NCM523 accounts for 40 percent by mass. (1) Mixing the solid of the aluminum oxide and the aluminum metaphosphate according to the mass ratio of 1:2The material was added to ultrapure water to form a slurry A so that the solid matter content in the slurry was 30%, and the slurry was stirred at 600rpm for 2 hours. Then the obtained slurry A and single crystal Ni are mixed 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 (OH) 2 The precursor is added into a grinding machine according to the mass ratio of 4:3, grinding spheres with the particle size of 0.1mm are used, and the dispersed slurry is ground in a sand mill at the rotating speed of 3000 rpm. The slurry was stirred using a dispersion plate at 600rpm for 2h. The dispersed slurry was pumped into a spray dryer and spray dried at 300 rpm. And (3) carrying out jet milling on the obtained spray-dried material, wherein the milling frequency is 50Hz, and thus obtaining the composite material E.
(2) Weighing a lithium source and a composite material E according to the molar ratio of Li (Ni + Co + Mn) =1.05, adding the lithium source and the composite material E into a high-speed mixer at 600r/min, mixing for about 45min, then placing the mixture into an atmosphere furnace for sintering at the sintering temperature of 960 +/-10 ℃ for 12h in an oxygen atmosphere, and carrying out jaw crushing, crushing and sieving after sintering to obtain a shell layer material F.
(3) Preparing a core layer: weighing a lithium source and a ternary single crystal material precursor Ni according to the molar ratio of Li to the ternary material precursor =1.05 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 (OH) 2 Mixing the materials in a high-speed mixer at a speed of 600r/min for 45min, and then putting the mixture into an atmosphere furnace, wherein the sintering temperature is 940 +/-10 ℃, the sintering time is 12h, and the sintering atmosphere is oxygen atmosphere, so that the nuclear layer material G is prepared.
(4) Taking the shell material F as a coating layer, adding the shell material F and the core material G into a high-speed mixer at a speed of 600r/min according to a mass ratio of 1.
Performance testing
An XRD (X-ray diffraction) pattern of the single-crystal nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material obtained in the example 1 is shown in figure 1, and observation shows that no impurity peak appears in a sample, the crystal grain orientation is normal, and the single-crystal nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material has a good crystal structure.
An SEM spectrum of the single crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material obtained in the example 1 is shown in figure 2, wherein particles are obviously coated on the surface of the positive electrode material, and the shell material can be well attached to the surface of the core layer.
The materials prepared in the above examples are used as positive electrode materials, lithium sheets are used as negative electrodes, 2016 type button cells are manufactured and assembled, the charging and discharging voltage interval is 3.0-4.5V, the temperature is 60 ℃, the test is carried out under the condition of 1C discharging multiplying power, and the measured data are shown in the following table 1-2.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the cycle capacities of examples 1, 2 and 3 are obviously improved compared with comparative examples 1 to 4, which shows that the cycle performances of the cathode material coated by the shell material of the invention are obviously improved, and the effect of comparative example 5 is still poor although the cycle performances of the cathode material coated by the shell material of the invention are improved by intersecting with comparative examples 1 to 4. Meanwhile, the cycle performance of the composite material only coated with the aluminum oxide-aluminum metaphosphate (comparative example 2 and comparative example 4) is improved to a certain extent after the composite material is cycled for a period of time, which is probably because the material only coated with the NCM523 monocrystal can play a certain role in stabilizing the structure of the whole core-shell layer when the cycle is started, but the interface side reaction is accelerated along with the cycle, and the cycle performance is deteriorated. And the material only covers the oxide-metaphosphate, the oxide-metaphosphate system plays a role after circulating for a period of time, and the side reaction of the interface is effectively inhibited, but with the continuous operation of high voltage of 4.5V, the stability of the oxide-metaphosphate system begins to deteriorate, the contact performance with the nuclear layer is obviously reduced, and further the cycle performance is reduced. While the present invention employs Li r (Ni s Co t Mn 1-s-t )O 2 (II), metal oxide and metal partialAfter the composite material of the three materials of the phosphate is used as a shell material for coating, the structure of the material can be effectively stabilized, the interface side reaction under high voltage and the structural collapse of the ternary cathode material caused by the release of medium oxygen can be inhibited, and the stability of the metal metaphosphate and the metal oxide under the high voltage of 4.5V can be obviously improved, so that the stability of the cathode material is integrally improved, and the cathode material can have higher circulation stability under the high voltage of 4.5V.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and these ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to these ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a single crystal nickel cobalt lithium manganate cathode material, this cathode material is core-shell structure, core-shell structure includes the nuclear layer, the cladding is in shell layer on the nuclear layer, the material of nuclear layer is nickel cobalt manganese ternary single crystal cathode material, its characterized in that:
the nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary single crystal positive electrode material has the following structure: li x (Ni a Co b Mn 1-a-b )O 2 In the formula (I), x is more than or equal to 1.0 and less than or equal to 1.15,0.5<a≤0.9，0.05≤b≤0.35，1-a-b＞0；
The material of the shell layer comprises Li r (Ni s Co t Mn 1-s-t )O 2 (II), metal oxide and metal metaphosphate, wherein r is more than or equal to 0.9 and less than or equal to1.05，0.3≤s≤0.5，0<t<0.4，1-s-t>0; wherein, in the material of the shell layer, the Li is calculated by mass percentage r (Ni s Co t Mn 1-s-t )O 2 The metal oxide accounts for more than 50 percent, and the feeding mass ratio of the metal oxide to the metal metaphosphate is 1: 0.1-10;
the single crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material is prepared by the following method:
(1) Mixing metal oxide and metal metaphosphate, adding the mixture into water, dispersing and stirring to form slurry, mixing the obtained slurry with a precursor of a formula (II), grinding, carrying out spray drying treatment, carrying out airflow crushing on the dried mixture to obtain a composite material, mixing the obtained composite material with a lithium source, putting the mixture into an atmosphere furnace for sintering, carrying out jaw crushing, crushing and sieving on the sintered material to obtain a shell layer material;
(2) Mixing the precursor of the formula (I) with a lithium source, putting the mixture into an atmosphere furnace for sintering, and then carrying out jaw crushing, crushing and sieving on the sintered material to obtain a nuclear layer material with the structure shown in the formula (I);
(3) Taking the shell material obtained in the step (1) as a coating material, mixing and dispersing the shell material with the core material obtained in the step (2), then sintering in an atmosphere furnace, and then carrying out jaw crushing, crushing and sieving on the sintered material to obtain the single crystal nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material; the sintering temperature is 200-900 ℃, and the sintering time is 2-12h.
2. The single crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material of claim 1, wherein the total charge of the metal oxide and the metal metaphosphate and the Li r (Ni s Co t Mn 1-s-t )O 2 The mass ratio of the core layer to the shell layer is 1: 1-5, the mass ratio of the core layer to the shell layer is 50-200: 1, and the thickness of the shell layer is 1-8 mu m.
3. The single-crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide cathode material according to claim 1, wherein the metal elements in the metal oxide and the metal metaphosphate are respectively selected from one or more of Al, ti, mg, Y, zr, nb and W.
4. The single-crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material according to claim 3, wherein the metal oxide is in accordance with a metal element in the metal metaphosphate.
5. The single crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the metal oxide is 100 to 800nm.
6. The single crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material of claim 1, wherein the particle size of the ternary nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material is 2-6 μm.
7. The single-crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material of claim 1, wherein in the preparation process of the single-crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material, in the step (1), the proportion of solids in the slurry is 30-50%, and the water is ultrapure water.
8. The single-crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide cathode material of claim 1, wherein in the preparation process of the single-crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide cathode material, in the step (1), the molar ratio of lithium in the lithium source to the sum of nickel, cobalt and manganese elements in the precursor of the formula (II) is 1.00-1.15: 1; in the step (2), the molar ratio of lithium in the lithium source to the sum of nickel, cobalt and manganese elements in the precursor of the formula (I) is 1.00-1.15: 1;
in the step (1) or (2), the sintering temperature is 200-1000 ℃, the sintering time is 2-15h, and the sintering atmosphere in the atmosphere furnace is gas containing oxygen and the oxygen content is 90-100%.
9. The single crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide cathode material according to claim 8, wherein in the step (1) or (2), the sintering temperature is 400-1000 ℃, and the sintering time is 8-12h.
10. The single crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material of claim 1, wherein in the preparation process of the single crystal lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material, in the step (3), the sintering temperature is 400-800 ℃, and the sintering time is 8-10h.
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