CN115186437B - Carbon isotope combined assimilation model and construction method of assimilation system for discriminating artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux areas - Google Patents
Carbon isotope combined assimilation model and construction method of assimilation system for discriminating artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux areas Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a carbon isotope combined assimilation model and a construction method of a system for discriminating artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux area assimilation. The model incorporates atmospheric CO 2 Composition and CO 2 Mass conservation theorem for constructing CO in assimilation inversion system 2 、Δ 14 C and delta 13 C observations and carbon Flux Flux Naturally, GPP 、Flux Naturally, re And Flux Artificial CO2 A model of the relationship between the two. The invention uses the absence of fossil fuel 14 The nature of C distinguishes between natural carbon flux and artificial carbon emissions; delta utilizing plant photosynthetic carbon absorption and respiratory carbon emission 13 The isotope composition difference characteristic of C realizes the distinction of the carbon flux of the photosynthetic absorption and the respiratory emission, forms a high-precision carbon isotope combined assimilation model, effectively solves the defect that the existing carbon assimilation system can not distinguish the natural carbon flux from the artificial emission, develops a regional high-resolution assimilation system, and plays a key role in accurately evaluating the effectiveness of carbon neutralization actions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical fields of atmospheric science and global change, in particular to a method for distinguishing artificial carbon emission from natural carbon flux in carbon neutralization accounting and carbon neutralization action effectiveness evaluation, and a construction method for distinguishing an artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux area assimilation system.
Background
Inversion of the "top-down" atmospheric carbon dioxide source sink variation is a powerful means of assessing the effectiveness of carbon neutralization actions. Carbon dioxide as the most predominant greenhouse gas, atmospheric CO "from top to bottom 2 Inversion of source sink is a very important approach. The key to this inversion is the use of measured atmospheric CO 2 Concentration and combined with atmospheric transportModel and data assimilation techniques to estimate optimal global or regional scale near-surface carbon flux, including CO emitted by human activity 2 But also can capture CO caused by natural change process 2 The variation in flux is thus becoming an important tool for carbon cycling research on a global, national and regional scale.
Currently there are two major global atmospheres CO 2 Inversion algorithm system: transcom (Gunney et al 2004,2005;Baker et al, 2006; wang et al 2020) and CarbonTraker (hereinafter CT) (Peters et al 2005, 2007; chen Baozhang et al 2015, kim&Cho,2018；Mengistu&Mengitu Tsidu,2020; super et al 2020). Among them, CT carbon tracker has been widely used for estimating land-atmosphere CO 2 Is an important means for researching the carbon circulation of the land ecological system on the regional scale, and has great improvement on the aspects of assimilation method, operation efficiency, space-time resolution and the like compared with Transcom and CT. The current CT carbon assimilation model has good results in estimation and research of carbon source exchange of land ecosystem, and has accurately estimated the carbon source exchange distribution characteristics in North America, europe and Asia.
However, the existing carbon assimilation inversion system research is focused on natural carbon flux inversion, and the atmospheric assimilation system research facing artificial carbon emission is just started. As early atmospheric inversion models, atmospheric CO was utilized under the assumption that artificial carbon emissions were error-free (i.e., fixed in the model) 2 Concentration observations optimize land or sea natural CO 2 Flux. This assumption of "artificial carbon emission error free" has a great disadvantage because of atmospheric CO 2 The concentration change is the result of the mixture of near-surface natural and artificial carbon fluxes through the atmosphere, and the artificial carbon emission is set to be error-free (actually artificial CO estimated based on the survey listing method 2 There is a great uncertainty in emissions) necessarily increases the uncertainty in natural carbon flux (land or sea) estimation. In the case of difficult passage through atmospheric CO 2 Under the condition that concentration observation data are used for distinguishing natural and artificial carbon flux, people start to conduct CO treatment on the atmosphere 2 The inversion frame is improved and optimized, and human sources and ecological system carbon flux are utilized in the airDifferences of distribution patterns among the regions, a background region which is similar to the natural condition of a target region (has similar natural ecosystem carbon flux) and is sparse in human smoke (approximately local artificial source emission is close to 0) is selected, and the background region is based on region CO 2 Concentration variation (. DELTA.CO) 2 Target area CO 2 Background area CO 2 ) To calculate the artificial carbon emissions of the target area. Such atmospheric CO 2 Inversion is known as a background area contrast method to estimate artificial carbon emissions. The method is adopted to successfully invert the urban scale total human CO of French, los Angeles, berlin, korea, beijing and the like 2 And (5) discharging. But the application of inversion kernel algorithms for the estimated regional (urban) scale artificial carbon emission inventory is limited because it is almost difficult to find a background region that is similar to the target regional (urban) natural conditions.
Carbon dioxide (CO) can be caused by carbon neutralization promise of trampling in China 2 ) The carbon source emissions and the carbon sink of the ecosystem are obviously changed, and the change can indicate the effectiveness of carbon neutralization policy and plan implementation, wherein the carbon source emissions and the carbon sink relate to the key scientific and technical problems of international scientific fronts and the requirements of high-quality development facing national economy and society. In order to scientifically evaluate the effectiveness of carbon neutralization policies and plans, the art is in urgent need to create a screening human-made CO 2 Emission and natural CO 2 Flux method.
Some researchers have recently attempted to use atmospheric CO 2 Middle delta 14 The observed data develop a distinguishing technique of natural carbon flux and artificial carbon emission. The principle is as follows: 14 c is a radioactive beta nuclide with a half-life of 5730 years, because the formation time of petrochemical fuels (coal, petroleum, etc.) is far longer than that of the conventional ones 14 C half-life, thus is absent from fossil fuels 14 C. That is, the atmospheric CO produced by the combustion of fossil fuels 2 Does not contain 14 C. Thus, according to CO 2 And delta 14 C in the atmosphere CO 2 CO discharged from artificial carbon source (combustion of petrochemical fuel) 2 CO generated by natural carbon source 2 And atmospheric CO 2 Conservation of mass in the background value can obtain atmospheric CO respectively 2 Medium natural carbon source and artificial carbon sourceIs a contribution ratio of:
C bio ＝C obs -C bg -C ff
wherein C is ff And C bio Respectively representing the contribution of artificial carbon emission and natural carbon, C obs And delta obs Respectively atmospheric CO 2 Concentration and carbon isotope 14 Observed value of C, C bg And delta bg Respectively atmospheric CO 2 Concentration and carbon isotope 14 Background value of C, delta ff Is the carbon isotope value of the combustion of the petrochemical fuel (the petrochemical fuel is not present 14 C, according to a calculation formula of the isotope ratio, the value of the C is as follows: -1000%o), β is a contribution of non-petrochemical fuel.
However, existing is based on 14 The technology for distinguishing the natural carbon flux from the artificial carbon emission by the observed data is still in the stage of principle cognition and preliminary data analysis, and no specific and feasible implementation mode is available for realizing the distinction of the natural carbon flux and the artificial carbon emission, so that the distinction and assimilation of the photosynthesis and the respiration of plants in the natural carbon flux can not be accurately distinguished, and the development of the inversion of the change of the atmospheric carbon dioxide source sink is limited.
Therefore, the existing method for discriminating the natural carbon flux from the artificial carbon emission contribution still has great defects and drawbacks, and further improvement is needed. How to create a new carbon isotope combined assimilation model and a construction method for discriminating artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux area assimilation system, so that the method can distinguish natural carbon sink and artificial carbon emission, can further distinguish carbon flux components generated by photosynthesis and respiration of plants in natural carbon circulation, and is used for overcoming the technical bottleneck problem of distinguishing natural carbon flux and human carbon emission, realizing scientific evaluation of effectiveness of carbon neutralization action implementation and serving for important requirements of national, provincial and municipal carbon neutralization evaluation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems by providing a carbon isotope combined assimilation model, which can distinguish natural carbon sink and artificial carbon emission sources, can further distinguish carbon flux components generated by photosynthesis and respiration of plants in natural carbon circulation, realizes synchronous assimilation and accounting of natural carbon flux and human carbon emission, and provides technical support for carbon neutralization action implementation effectiveness evaluation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a carbon isotope combined assimilation model which combines atmospheric CO 2 Isotope composition and mass conservation theorem of (2), and CO in constructed assimilation inversion system 2 、Δ 14 C and delta 13 Observed value y of C co2 、 14 Y co2 、 13 Y co2 With carbon Flux Flux Naturally, GPP 、 Flux Naturally, re And Flux Artificial CO2 The relation between:
wherein y is co2 、 14 Y co2 、 13 Y co2 Respectively represent CO 2 The observed value of the concentration is used for measuring the concentration, 13 CO 2 observed value of carbon co-located concentration 14 CO 2 Observing the carbon co-located concentration; h is an observation operator, and represents a regional atmosphere transmission model WRF-GHG; delta 14 C atm Is the ratio of radioactive carbon isotopes in the atmosphere, per mill; delta 14 C ff Is the radioactive carbon isotope ratio of the petrochemical fuel, which is-1000 per mill; flux (Flux) Naturally, re 、Flux Naturally, GPP And Flux Artificial co2 Is a state variable of an assimilation inversion system, and the isotope carbon flux 13 Flux Naturally, re 、 13 Flux Naturally, GPP 、 13 Flux Artificial co2 Is composed of Flux Naturally, re 、Flux Naturally, GPP And Flux Artificial co2 Is a linear function of (a) and (b), 14 Flux others is the radioactive carbon isotope flux of other sources.
Further improvement, the observed data of carbon isotope concentration 13 Y co2 And 14 Y co2 is through delta 14 C and delta 13 C isotope observations are converted and obtained, and a conversion formula is as follows:
13 Y co2 ＝(δ 13 C×0.001+1)×R PDB ×y CO2
14 Y co2 ＝(Δ 14 C×0.001+1)×R HOXH ×y CO2
wherein R is PDB Heavy and light isotope C as international universal standard PDB 13 /C 12 Ratio of mill; delta 13 C is the observed value of carbon isotopes; r is R HOXII C as oxalic acid standard sample II 14 /C 12 Ratio of mill; delta 14 C is the observed value of carbon isotope.
Further improvements in isotope flux 13 Flux Naturally, co2 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in delta 13 C Re The carbon isotope ratio for plant respiration is obtained by a keep-ling Plot method, and the unit is per mill; delta 13 C a The carbon isotope ratio of the atmosphere is per mill; delta is isotope fractionation produced by plant photosynthesis;
isotope flux 13 Flux Artificial co2 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
13 Flux artificial co2 ＝δ 13 C ff ×Flux Artificial co2
In delta 13 C ff The carbon isotope ratio of the petrochemical fuel is in units of%.
Further improvement of radioactive carbon isotope flux 14 Flux others The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,the function of the two is magnitude conversion; 14 Flux nuc carbon flux released for a nuclear power plant or nuclear reprocessing plant, 14 Flux cosmo carbon flux from cosmic ray excitation; 14 Flux biodis referred to as unbalanced carbon flux, is a unidirectional flux that is transported from land to atmosphere.
As a further improvement of the invention, the invention also provides a method for discriminating the contribution of the artificial carbon emission and the natural carbon flux with high precision, which adopts the carbon isotope combined assimilation model and utilizes CO in an assimilation inversion system 2 、CO 2 Middle delta 14 C and CO 2 Middle delta 13 Calculation of carbon Flux Flux by observations of C concentration Naturally, GPP 、Flux Naturally, re And Flux Artificial CO2 Realize high-precision screening of artificial CO 2 Emission and natural CO 2 Contribution rate of flux.
As still another improvement of the present invention, the present invention also provides a construction method of a high-precision system for discriminating an area assimilation system of artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux, the construction method comprising: by utilizing a land ecological system model DLM and a double-blade light energy utilization rate model DLUEM, adopting the method for discriminating the contribution of artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux with high precision, constructing a regional high-precision assimilation system, realizing synchronous optimization of artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux by using a Kalman filter EnKF data assimilation method or a four-dimensional variation data assimilation method 4DVar, and finally constructing a week time scale and grid artificial CO 2 Emission simulation computing system for generating gridded CO 2 Concentration, natural CO 2 Flux components (photosynthetic absorption flux GPP and respiratory flux Re) and artificial CO 2 Discharging the data product.
Further improved, the Liu Miansheng state system model DLM and the double-blade light energy utilization rate model DLUEM are site-scale ecological system models, and the optimization method is that CO observed by using site scale is adopted 2 Flux and fluorescence observation data combined with field modulationThe key parameters of the land ecological system model DLM and the double-blade light energy utilization rate model DLUEM are optimized, compared and verified respectively by the data such as the searched soil, the Monte Carlo algorithm and the data assimilation technology EnKF, so that the optimization of the model on the site scale is realized.
Further improved, the key parameters of the Liu Miansheng state system model DLM and the double-blade light energy utilization rate model DLUEM comprise a maximum photosynthetic carboxylation rate V cmax Respiratory sensitivity parameter Q 10 Air hole conductivity and total maximum light energy utilization efficiency parameter LUE max Maximum light energy utilization efficiency parameter LUE of male leaf msun And the maximum light energy utilization efficiency parameter LUE of the female leaves msh 。
Further improved, the optimization of the Liu Miansheng state system model DLM and the double-blade light energy utilization rate model DLUEM further comprises technical coupling with a global and regional carbon assimilation system, and optimizing key carbon process parameters on a regional scale by fusing star-air-ground multisource observation data so as to improve simulation calculation accuracy.
Further improved, the regional high-precision assimilation system can realize high-precision assimilation inversion of 1km to 5 km.
With such a design, the invention has at least the following advantages:
the invention combines the atmospheric CO 2 Is composed of CO 2 、Δ 14 C and delta 13 C and combined with atmospheric CO 2 Principle of conservation of mass, utilize delta 14 C is not existed in petrochemical fuel, and can distinguish contribution rate of natural carbon source and artificial carbon source, and also utilize delta 13 C, the difference characteristic of carbon absorption and carbon respiration emission in plant photosynthesis is used for distinguishing carbon flux generated by plant photosynthesis and plant respiration, a high-precision carbon isotope combined assimilation model is formed, an advantageous basis is provided for high-precision screening of artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux, a reliable scientific basis and a technical support are provided for construction of a regional assimilation system for high-precision screening of artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux, and the problem that natural and artificial carbon sources are mixed together by the existing carbon assimilation system to assimilate and cannot accurately evaluate carbon neutralization actions is effectively solvedThe method has the advantages of being effective, realizing the development and application of an assimilation system for distinguishing artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux with high precision in areas, and facilitating the promotion of scientific evaluation of the effectiveness of carbon neutralization policies and plan implementation.
Drawings
The foregoing is merely an overview of the present invention, and the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general technical route of the method for constructing a system for highly accurately discriminating between artificial carbon emissions and natural carbon flux regions of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a combined assimilation model based on plant photosynthesis, plant respiration and artificial source emission in the construction method of the high-precision discrimination artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux area assimilation system of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of optimizing Liu Miansheng state system model DLM and DLUEM model parameters in the construction method of the high-precision discrimination artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux area assimilation system.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of the method for optimizing parameters of a DLM model by coupling Liu Miansheng state system model-atmosphere transmission model inversion in the method for constructing an artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux area assimilation system with high precision.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the construction of the high-precision artificial carbon emission and ecological carbon flux provincial assimilation system.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the comparison of the distribution of results of high-resolution (5 km) artificial source carbon fluxes at different times in a region obtained by applying the inversion of the high-precision artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux region assimilation system of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the comparison of columnar results of urban (1 km) scale carbon emission obtained by applying the inversion of the artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux area assimilation system of the invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing columnar results of high-resolution (5 km) artificial source carbon flux at different times obtained by applying the inversion of the high-precision artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux regional assimilation system of the invention.
FIG. 9 shows the high resolution (5 km) surface CO of the area obtained by inverting the artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux area assimilation system with high precision 2 The concentration month average profile was simulated.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the development of the existing atmospheric carbon assimilation research, the challenges and the key scientific problems and the carbon neutralization national strategic needs, the invention aims to solve the back core scientific problems of quantitative evaluation of carbon neutralization action technical bottlenecks, such as the distinguishing and screening technology of natural carbon flux and artificial carbon flux, constructs and optimizes a global carbon assimilation system (China (0.5 degree multiplied by 0.5 degree), asia (3 degree multiplied by 2 degrees) and other global areas (6 degree multiplied by 4 degrees)) of nested China, and a high-precision area assimilation system, realizes optimization of carbon flux and key carbon parameters of an ecological system, realizes optimization of artificial carbon emission and carbon flux of the ecological system for areas (province, 5 km) and urban scale (1 km), and outputs grid CO for 3 scales 2 The concentration of the carbon isotope can also output the stable carbon isotope concentration for city scale (1 km) 13 CO 2 ) And isotope flux (IsoFlux); outputting results to an assimilation system, and obtaining static artificial CO by adopting a global flux observation network (FLUXNET), a national ecological science data Center (CERN) and a bottom-up method 2 The emission list product, the satellite remote sensing product and satellite ground verification carbon column observation network (TCCON) data are subjected to interactive verification and analysis, as shown in the attached figure 1, and the result shows that the output result of the high-precision artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux area discrimination assimilation system constructed by the invention is closer to the real world, and the simulation precision of the assimilation system model is improved. Specific examples thereof are as follows.
FIG. 2 shows that the present embodiment is based on atmospheric CO in an existing assimilation inversion system 2 Concentration, delta 14 C and delta 13 C isotope observation value, construction of CO 2 -Δ 14 C-δ 13 C high-precision combined assimilation model for realizing photosynthesis of plants Naturally, GPP Respiratory Flux Naturally, re And an artificially derived Flux Artificial CO2 Is a schematic diagram of the differentiation and the combined assimilation.
Wherein CO 2 The composition and mass conservation formula of (2) are as follows:
atmospheric CO 2 Combustion from fossil fuels, biomass products and atmospheric CO 2 Background. Among these, biomass products mainly include biomass combustion, respiration (Re) of plants, and photosynthesis (GPP). The biomass combustion amount is small, and the method is suitable for CO in urban atmosphere 2 The contribution of (2) is negligible. Atmospheric CO 2 The composition is as follows formula (1):
wherein C is obs Is atmospheric CO 2 ；C Natural nature Biomass product, including plant breath C Naturally, re And photosynthesis C Naturally, GPP Neglecting biomass combustion; c (C) Artificial person Combustion of petrochemical fuel; c (C) bg Is atmospheric CO 2 Background.
Atmospheric CO 2 The mass conservation formula of flux is as formula (2):
wherein Flux is atmospheric CO 2 Flux of Flux Naturally, re To breathe and discharge carbon Flux, flux Naturally, GPP For photosynthetic emission of carbon Flux, flux Artificial co2 Is the carbon emission of petrochemical fuel.
By combining the above formulas (1), (2) and atmospheric CO 2 Mass conservation theorem to construct CO 2 、Δ 14 C and delta 13 C (assimilation of observations y in inversion System co2 、 14 Y co2 、 13 Y co2 ) With carbon Flux Flux Naturally, GPP 、 Flux Naturally, re And Flux Artificial CO2 The relation formula is shown as formula (3):
wherein y is co2 、 14 Y co2 、 13 Y co2 Respectively represent CO 2 The concentration is observed, and the concentration is observed, 13 CO 2 observation of carbon co-located concentration 14 CO 2 Observing the concentration of carbon isotope, wherein, the observed data of the concentration of carbon isotope 13 Y co2 And 14 Y co2 is through delta 14 C and delta 13 C isotope observation transformation is obtained, and transformation formulas of the C isotope observation transformation are shown in formulas (4) and (5); h is an observation operator and represents a regional atmospheric transfer model (WRF-GHG); delta 14 C atm Is the atmospheric radioactive carbon isotope ratio (mill), delta 14 C ff Is the radioactive carbon isotope ratio (delta) of petrochemical fuels 14 C ff ＝ -1 000‰)；Flux Naturally, re 、Flux Naturally, GPP And Flux Artificial co2 Is a state variable (amount of solution required) of an assimilation system, and isotope flux 13 Flux Naturally, re 、 13 Flux Naturally, GPP 、 13 Flux Artificial co2 Is composed of Flux Naturally, re 、Flux Naturally, GPP And Flux Artificial co2 See equations (6) and (7)).
Wherein, 13 Y co2 the conversion formula of (c) is as follows (4):
13 Y co2 ＝(δ 13 C×0.001+1)×R PDB ×y CO2 (4)
wherein R is PDB Heavy and light isotope C, an international universal standard PDB (a carbonate merle from south America Luo Laizhou) 13 /C 12 Ratio (mill); delta 13 C is carbon isotope observation.
14 Y co2 The conversion formula of (c) is as follows (5):
14 Y co2 ＝(Δ 14 C×0.001+1)×R HOXII ×y CO2 (5)
wherein R is HOXII C as a standard sample (oxalic acid II) 14 /C 12 Ratio (mill); delta 14 C is carbon isotope observation.
13 Flux Naturally, co2 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in delta 13 C Re Carbon isotope ratio (mill) for plant respiration (obtained by the well-known Keeling Plot method); delta 13 C a Carbon isotope ratio of atmosphere (8 per mill); delta is isotopic fractionation by plant photosynthesis (GPP);
13 Flux artificial co2 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows (7):
13 Flux artificial co2 ＝δ 13 C ff ×Flux Artificial co2 (7) In delta 13 C ff Is the carbon isotope ratio (mill) of petrochemical fuel.
14 Flux others Is the radioactive carbon isotope flux of other sources, and the calculation formula is as follows (8):
in the method, in the process of the invention,the function of the two is magnitude conversion; 14 Flux nuc flux released for a nuclear power plant or nuclear reprocessing plant, 14 Flux cosmo carbon flux from cosmic ray excitation; 14 Flux biodis referred to as unbalanced carbon flux (disequilibrium fluxes), is a unidirectional flux that is transported from land to atmosphere.
Fig. 3 shows a flowchart for optimizing Liu Miansheng state system model DLM and DLUEM model parameters. Since the optimization of the Liu Miansheng state system model is the basis for obtaining high-precision a priori natural carbon flux. The present embodiment utilizes site CO 2 Flux and fluorescence observation data, and combining materials such as soil and the like in field investigation, monte Carlo algorithm and data assimilation technology (EnKF) are respectively applied to landOptimizing, comparing and verifying key parameters of a surface ecosystem model (DLM) and a double-blade light energy utilization rate model (DLUEM) to realize optimization of a Liu Miansheng state model at site scale, wherein the optimized parameters comprise a maximum photosynthetic carboxylation rate V cmax Respiratory sensitivity parameter Q 10 Air hole conductivity and total maximum light energy utilization efficiency parameter LUE max Maximum light energy utilization efficiency parameter LUE of male leaf msun And the maximum light energy utilization efficiency parameter LUE of the female leaves msh 。
Fig. 4 shows a flowchart for further optimizing Liu Miansheng state system model DLM and DLUEM model parameters. The method for developing the coupling technology and method of the DLM/DLUEM model and the global and regional carbon assimilation system fuses the star-air-ground multisource observation data, and realizes the key carbon process parameters of the optimized regional scale so as to improve the simulation calculation precision.
Example 1
High-precision artificial CO discrimination 2 Emission and ecological CO 2 Construction method of flux area (provincial area) assimilation system
First, atmospheric CO is determined 2 And (5) observing the data.
Current atmospheric CO 2 The observed data is divided into two parts: ground based observations and satellite observations. Foundation CO 2 The observations are mainly provided by a global atmosphere observation network (Global Atmosphere Watch Programme, GAW) established by the world meteorological organization (World Meteorological Organization, WMO). Such foundation real-time CO 2 The concentration observation data has higher precision and higher reliability. However, surface CO 2 The observation sites are rare, only 200 or more atmosphere background observation sites are arranged worldwide, and the distribution is also uneven. There are only 5 atmospheric background observatory stations in china as shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 background station for observing atmosphere in China
CO used in the present example 2 Observations were from the Beijing Shangzi site and the Qinghai Walliguan site, which numbersFrom the world greenhouse gas data center (World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases,https:// gaw.kishou.go.jp/WDCGG) acquisition. CO of two sites 2 The observed data were used primarily as background concentrations.
CO 2 Satellite observations were from OCO-2 (Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2, OCO-2) satellites. The OCO-2 satellite has a ground altitude of 705km, is wound around the earth 14.65 circles each day, can acquire global coverage observation data every 16 days, and has a spatial resolution of 2.25km multiplied by 1.29km. The OCO-2 satellite is a second global carbon observation satellite, and the main task is to acquire the information of carbon sources and carbon sinks on the surface of the earth. OCO-2 data is based on the optimal estimation theory, and a data assimilation method is adopted for global CO 2 Inversion and optimization are carried out on the concentration data, and multi-level data products such as L1-L3 and the like are generated. The CO used in this example 2 Satellite observation data is L2 version of OCO-2 satellite, and observation time is from 1 month and 1 day in 2016 to 31 days in 12 months in 2016.
Second, determining a priori CO 2 Flux.
CO 2 The a priori flux mainly consists of two parts: natural prior flux and artificial prior flux.
CO 2 The artificial a priori flux is derived from MIX emission list issued by the MEIC (Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China) team at the university of bloom. MIX emissions inventory can provide up-to-date, most accurate surface emissions flux data for meteorological models and atmospheric models. The list adopts a set development method, comprehensively considers the latest emission list data issued by REAS2, CAPSS, PKU-NH3, MEIC and the like, and provides a 0.25-degree resolution grid emission list based on 2008 and 2010. Currently, MIX inventory data has been applied in a number of projects, such as the United nations hemisphere atmospheric pollution transfer program (HTAP), the east Asia pattern comparison program phase III (MICS-Asia III), and so forth. Table 2 below shows the CO of each month in the upper meadow and Wallich areas 2 Artificial a priori flux.
Table 2 upper dian and valisia areas CO 2 Human prior flux
Natural a priori flux comes mainly from the observation data of the EOS (Earth Observation System) observation plan. Terra and Aqua are two of the more important satellites, both of which carry a medium resolution imaging spectrometer MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectradiometer). The MODIS is used for capturing up to 36 wave bands of data, the coverage range is from a visible light wave band to an infrared wave band, the updating speed of the observed data is high, and the observed data covering the whole world can be obtained after 1-2 days on average. The types of data acquired by MODIS are also very extensive, and relate to land, atmosphere, sea, etc., with a spatial resolution of 250m, 500m or 1000m and a field width of 2330km. The MODIS standard data is divided into 0-level data and 1-level data products according to the specific content, and on the basis of the 1-level data, the 2-4-level data products are finally formed through a series of correction and processing processes and are mainly divided into three types: atmospheric standard data products, liu Debiao standard data products and marine standard data products.
Natural CO of this embodiment 2 The prior flux is extracted from MOD17A2 products of MODIS, and the MOD17A2 products belong to land 4-level standard data and are mainly used for acquiring information such as plant productivity. The spatial resolution of the data is 500m, the sinusoidal projection is realized, the time resolution is 8 days, and the data is a synthetic product of 8-day observation data. The product can be used as input of a data model for calculating land energy, carbon, water circulation processes and plant bio-geochemistry. The MOD17A2 product includes information about primary productivity (GPP) and net Photosynthesis (PSN), where PSN is GPP minus respiratory consumption. To be consistent with the carbon assimilation inversion system of the present invention, this data was converted to grid data at 3km resolution using MRT software provided by NOAA prior to the assimilation inversion. Table 3 below shows the CO of each month in the upper meadow and Wallich areas 2 Natural a priori flux.
TABLE 3 Dinzea and Walliguan area CO 2 Natural a priori flux
Then, weather data is determined.
Meteorological data is acquired by adopting meteorological global analysis data (Final Operational Global Analysis Data, FNL) issued by the national environmental prediction center (National Centers for Environmental Prediction, NCEP), and quality control and data assimilation treatment are carried out on multi-source observation data (foundations, ships, airplanes, satellites and the like) by adopting the most advanced data assimilation technology at present. The FNL analysis data has the characteristics of large density, more time and more time, higher resolution, strong continuity, rich content and the like, and the data contains 27 physical quantities such as air temperature, ground air pressure, relative humidity, potential height, sea level air pressure, sea surface temperature, soil parameters, wind field data, vorticity and the like. FNL analysis data adopts a sigma coordinate system, the vertical direction comprises 27 layers of ground layers and 1000hPa-10hPa, the horizontal resolution is 1 degree multiplied by 1 degree, the time interval is 6h, and the data of 4 time intervals (0, 6, 12 and 18 time in the world) are included.
Because the adopted observation data and processing standards are different, the encoding formats and internal parameters of FNL archive data at different times are different, and the FNL archive data are divided into three types according to storage time, namely:
(1) 1/00 in 1967 to 12/12 in 1997. The coding format is GRIB1 or ON84, the spatial resolution is 2.5 degrees multiplied by 2.5 degrees, the time resolution is 12h, and the atmosphere is divided into 12 layers.
(2) 1997, month 1, 00 to 2007, month 6, 30, 12. The coding format is GRIB1, the atmosphere is divided into 16 layers, and other parameters are the same as the first one.
(3) Data to date at 1999 month 7, 30 number 18. As used herein, the data in this time period is encoded in GRIB1 format with a spatial resolution of 1.0 ° x 1.0 ° and a temporal resolution of 6h, with the atmosphere being divided into 26 layers.
Finally, constructing a provincial domain assimilation system.
Collecting, sorting and addingThe method adopts Liu Miansheng state system model-atmosphere transmission model coupling technology to closely observe the space-air-ground observation data of the Shanxi province region system test zone and utilizes CO 2 A concentration data optimization ecological system model DLM and a double-blade light energy utilization rate model DLUEM; CO constructed by the invention 2 - Δ 14 C-δ 13 C high-precision rate combined assimilation model for discriminating natural and artificial CO 2 Emission contribution rate, using Kalman filter EnKF data assimilation method or four-dimensional variation data assimilation method 4DVar to realize synchronous optimization of artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux, and finally establishing week average (7 days) high resolution (5 km) grid artificial CO 2 Emission simulation computing system, generating a gridded class 3 data product (CO 2 Concentration, natural CO 2 Flux components (GPP and Re) and artificial CO 2 And (5) discharging). The high-precision screening artificial carbon emission and ecological carbon flux provincial assimilation system is shown in the figure 5.
Example 2
High-precision artificial CO discrimination 2 Emission and ecological CO 2 Construction method of flux city assimilation system
In this example, high-precision online continuous CO using 3 enhanced observatory stations in the Datong city test area 2 、 13 CO 2 Concentration observations 14 CO 2 The bottled sample analyzes the data, and one set (double backup sample) is taken every 2 weeks, so that the requirements of system test, optimization and demonstration are met.
In this embodiment, high-precision determination of artificial CO 2 Emission and ecological CO 2 The construction method of the flux city (1 km) assimilation system is similar to the construction process of the provincial (5 km) carbon assimilation system, and synchronous optimization of artificial carbon emission and ecosystem carbon flux is realized to generate a gridding data product: CO 2 And 13 CO 2 concentration, natural CO 2 And 13 CO 2 flux and human CO 2 The flux is discharged.
The size of the existing vorticity related flux observation foltprint is generally 1-3km, and the conventional vorticity related flux observation foltprint is used for assimilating natural CO of an inversion system in the embodiment 2 Flux and artificial CO 2 Discharge 1kmAnd (5) matching the grid scale. And calculating footprint climate (footprit climatology, namely accumulated foltprint) of the vorticity related flux by adopting a vorticity related flux foltprint model to carry out scale matching so as to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of comparison and verification of observation data and inversion results.
Results examples
FIG. 6 shows the comparison of the high-precision artificial carbon emission and the high-precision regional artificial source carbon flux obtained by the natural carbon flux regional (provincial) assimilation system constructed in example 1, wherein the spatial resolution is 5km, and the artificial source carbon flux distribution maps of 4 months, 7 months, 10 months and 1 month respectively have 4 quarter characteristics of spring, summer, autumn and winter, and the artificial source emission intensity of cities such as Jining, ji and Zibo is strong, which is mainly in close relation with the development of regional industry and the combustion of a large amount of coal resources.
The artificial source carbon emission inverted by the three urban area carbon assimilation systems is respectively published with China city CO of Cai Bofeng and the like (2018) 2 The emissions dataset results are compared as shown in fig. 7. The Chinese city CO 2 Emission dataset was obtained based on 2012 chinese high spatial resolution grid data (1 km) statistics, where CO 2 Emission data including industrial energy and industrial processes, agricultural service industry, urban life, rural life and traffic emission data are established in a bottom-up approach. In fig. 7, the black columns are statistics obtained based on inversion results of the regional assimilation system according to the present invention, the white columns are urban emission results (Cai et al, 2018) obtained based on CHRED (China high resolution emission database), and the statistics result shows that the emission statistics of two sets of data sets in two urban regions of Jining and shan are basically consistent, and a certain overestimation phenomenon exists in the tabor city, which mainly has a certain relationship with spatial resolution, data time and statistical result errors of the data sets, but the results of the two sets of data sets are basically consistent when viewed as a whole.
In order to more intuitively show the inversion effect of the regional carbon flux, regional statistics is performed on the inversion result of the artificial source carbon flux of the 4-month assimilation system respectively, as shown in fig. 8. The black column body is inversion of the regional assimilation system of the inventionThe resulting anthropogenic carbon emissions were 0.1197, 0.0971, 0.0885 and 0.1087PgC for 1 month, 4 months, 7 months and 10 months, respectively, and the white columns were MEIC carbon flux statistics provided by the university of bloom, with corresponding anthropogenic carbon emissions of 0.0641, 0.0576, 0.0634 and 0.0576PgC for 1 month, 4 months, 7 months and 10 months, respectively. As is apparent from FIG. 8, the inversion results of the regional assimilation system of the present invention show that the artificial carbon flux has obvious season fluctuation, and the artificial emission is higher in autumn and winter than in spring and summer, mainly because of the large amount of CO in winter heating 2 In the atmosphere, the autumn is higher because the burning emission of the crop platycodon grandiflorum in autumn is caused by artificial emission. Compared with the artificial source carbon flux inverted by the assimilation system, the MEIC carbon flux is obviously lower, and the seasonal fluctuation does not exist, so that the artificial source carbon flux result inverted by the assimilation system in the area is closer to the real world state.
FIG. 9 shows simulated high-precision regional surface CO after inversion of the regional carbon flux assimilation system of the invention 2 Month average concentration value, the surface CO can be seen from FIG. 9 2 The spatial distribution of the concentration fluctuates greatly with seasons, CO being in the region of 1 month in winter and 10 months in autumn 2 The concentration is obviously higher than that in the two seasons of spring and summer mainly due to the fact that the heating in winter and the burning coal discharge a large amount of CO 2 And the combustion emission of platycodon grandiflorum after harvesting crops in autumn. From CO 2 The spatial distribution of the concentration can also be seen: hebei province CO 2 The concentration is generally higher, and the concentration is generally higher, so that the concentration is lower due to the fact that the river north province is a temperate monsoon climate, the winter is dry and less rainy, and the air pressure is lower, so that the air flow is weaker, and atmospheric CO is caused 2 Concentration is accumulated. Secondly, the population in the Hebei is numerous, most of residents in winter are heated by using coal, most of areas in the Hebei are thermal power generation, the structure of the Hebei industry is single, most of the industries are heavy industries, the traditional industries and other extensive industries, and atmospheric CO is caused 2 The concentration is generally higher. From the above results, the artificial source carbon flux results of the regional assimilation system of the present invention are more close to the real world state.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention in any way, and some simple modifications, equivalent variations or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art using the teachings disclosed herein, which fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A carbon isotope combined assimilation model system is characterized in that the model system is combined with atmospheric CO 2 Isotope composition of (c) and atmospheric CO 2 Mass conservation theorem, and constructed CO in assimilation inversion system 2 、Δ 14 C and delta 13 Observed value y of C co2 、 14 Y co2 、 13 Y co2 With carbon Flux Flux Naturally, GPP 、Flux Naturally, re And Flux Artificial CO2 The relation between:
wherein y is co2 、 14 Y co2 、 13 Y co2 Respectively represent CO 2 The observed value of the concentration is used for measuring the concentration, 13 CO 2 observed value of carbon co-located concentration 14 CO 2 Observing the carbon co-located concentration; h is an observation operator, and represents a regional atmosphere transmission model WRF-GHG; delta 14 C atm Is the ratio of radioactive carbon isotopes in the atmosphere, per mill; delta 14 C ff Is the radioactive carbon isotope ratio of the petrochemical fuel, which is-1000 per mill; flux (Flux) Naturally, re 、Flux Naturally, GPP And Flux Artificial co2 Is a state variable of an assimilation inversion system, and isotope carbon flux 13 Flux Naturally, re 、 13 Flux Naturally, GPP 、 13 Flux Artificial co2 Is composed of Flux Naturally, re 、Flux Naturally, GPP And Flux Artificial co2 Is a linear function of (a) and (b), 14 Flux others is the radioactive carbon isotope flux of other sources.
2. The carbon isotope combination assimilation of claim 1A model system, characterized in that the carbon isotope concentration observation data 13 Y co2 And 14 Y co2 is through delta 14 C and delta 13 C isotope observations are converted and obtained, and a conversion formula is as follows:
13 Y co2 ＝(δ 13 C×0.001+1)×R PDB ×y CO2
14 Y co2 ＝(Δ 14 C×0.001+1)×R HOXII ×y CO2
wherein R is PDB Heavy and light isotope C as international universal standard PDB 13 /C 12 Ratio of mill; delta 13 C is the observed value of carbon isotopes; r is R HOXII C as oxalic acid standard sample II 14 /C 12 Ratio of mill; delta 14 C is the observed value of carbon isotope.
3. The carbon isotope combined assimilation model system according to claim 2, wherein isotope flux 13 Flux Naturally, co2 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in delta 13 C Re The carbon isotope ratio of plant respiration is obtained by a keep-ling Plot method, and is per mill; delta 13 C a The carbon isotope ratio of the atmosphere is 8 per mill; delta is isotope fractionation produced by plant photosynthesis GPP;
isotope flux 13 Flux Artificial co2 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
13 Flux artificial co2 ＝δ 13 C ff ×Flux Artificial co2
In delta 13 C ff Is the carbon isotope ratio of petrochemical fuel, per mill.
4. A carbon isotope coupling in accordance with claim 3Contractual model system characterized by radioactive carbon isotope flux 14 Flux others The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein r is std ＝1.176×10 -12 ,The function of the two is magnitude conversion; 14 Flux nuc carbon flux released for a nuclear power plant or nuclear reprocessing plant, 14 Flux cosmo carbon flux from cosmic ray excitation; 14 Flux biodis referred to as unbalanced carbon flux, is a flux that is transported from land to the atmosphere.
5. A method for discriminating artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux contribution with high precision, which is characterized in that the carbon isotope combined assimilation model system as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4 is adopted, and CO in an assimilation inversion system is utilized 2 、CO 2 Middle delta 14 C and CO 2 Middle delta 13 Calculation of carbon Flux Flux by observations of C concentration Naturally, GPP 、Flux Naturally, re And Flux Artificial CO2 Realize high-precision screening of artificial CO 2 Emission and natural CO 2 Contribution rate of flux.
6. The construction method of the high-precision discrimination artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux area assimilation system is characterized by comprising the following steps of: constructing a regional high-precision assimilation system by using a land ecological system model DLM and a double-blade light energy utilization rate model DLUEM and adopting the method for discriminating the contribution of artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux with high precision according to claim 5, realizing synchronous optimization of artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux by using a Kalman filter EnKF data assimilation method or a four-dimensional variation data assimilation method 4DVar, and finally constructing a week time scale and a gridChemical artificial CO 2 Emission simulation computing system for generating class 3 gridded CO 2 Concentration, natural CO 2 Flux component and human CO 2 Emission data product, wherein natural CO 2 Flux, including plant photosynthesis GPP carbon flux and plant respiration Re carbon flux.
7. The method for constructing the high-precision discrimination artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux area assimilation system according to claim 6, wherein the Liu Miansheng state system model DLM and the double-blade light energy utilization rate model DLUEM are site-scale optimized ecological system models, and the optimization method is to utilize CO observed by site scale 2 And the flux and fluorescence observation data are combined with soil data, monte Carlo algorithm and data assimilation technology EnKF of field investigation to respectively optimize, compare and verify key parameters of a land ecological system model DLM and a double-blade light energy utilization rate model DLUEM, so that the optimization of the model on site scale is realized.
8. The method for constructing the high-precision discrimination between artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux area assimilation system according to claim 7, wherein the key parameters of the Liu Miansheng state system model DLM and the double-vane light energy utilization model DLUEM include a maximum photosynthetic carboxylation rate V cmax Respiratory sensitivity parameter Q 10 Air hole conductivity and total maximum light energy utilization efficiency parameter LUE max Maximum light energy utilization efficiency parameter LUE of male leaf msun And the maximum light energy utilization efficiency parameter LUE of the female leaves msh 。
9. The method for constructing a high-precision discrimination artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux regional assimilation system according to claim 8, wherein the optimization of the Liu Miansheng state system model DLM and the double-blade light energy utilization model DLUEM further comprises technical coupling with a global, regional carbon assimilation system, and optimizing key carbon process parameters on a regional scale by fusing star-air-ground multisource observation data to improve the accuracy of simulation calculation.
10. The method for constructing the high-precision discrimination artificial carbon emission and natural carbon flux area assimilation system according to claim 6, wherein the area high-precision assimilation system can realize high-precision assimilation inversion of 1km to 5 km.
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