CN115184483A - Two-dimensional screening method for active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine - Google Patents
Two-dimensional screening method for active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine Download PDFInfo
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- CN115184483A CN115184483A CN202210646838.2A CN202210646838A CN115184483A CN 115184483 A CN115184483 A CN 115184483A CN 202210646838 A CN202210646838 A CN 202210646838A CN 115184483 A CN115184483 A CN 115184483A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-dimensional screening method of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, which is characterized in that a full two-dimensional chromatographic contour map combining two-dimensional biological activity maps with chemical ingredients is used for two-dimensional accurate screening of the active ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine giant knotweed, and a novel, rapid and accurate screening method is provided for the active ingredients in natural products; the invention is developed by two dimensions of liquid-liquid chromatography and reversed-phase liquid chromatography, the two dimensions of the chromatography have good complementarity, and the related activity screening method comprises 5 methods, namely tyrosinase monophenolase, tyrosinase diphenolase, alpha-glucosidase, DPPH free radical scavenging test and ABTS free radical scavenging test; compared with the traditional activity screening method, the novel two-dimensional activity screening method has the advantages of accurate positioning, quick screening, high resolution and the like, and is favorable for quickly and accurately screening effective active ingredients from the traditional Chinese medicine with complex composition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of screening of active ingredients in natural products, in particular to a two-dimensional screening method of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients, which is applied to a traditional Chinese medicine giant knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. Et Zucc).
Background
Natural products are important resources for drug development, and almost half of small molecule drugs approved to be on the market all over the world are derived from natural products or modified derivatives thereof, so that the method for screening lead compounds from natural products is an effective method. The complex composition of natural products, their high chemical structure complexity and biological activity diversity, remain a great challenge for the rapid screening of active ingredients. Therefore, how to rapidly and effectively screen effective bioactive components from complex natural products is important.
Currently, the activity screening strategies for molecular level target proteins are mainly divided into two main categories, namely screening strategies based on affinity and activity tests, and these methods can effectively screen bioactive components from complex natural products. The screening method based on the affinity effect mainly comprises a magnetic microsphere fishing method, ultrafiltration, a front-edge affinity chromatography method and the like; the screening method based on the activity test mainly comprises a biological activity tracking method, a post-column biological assay method, a post-column activity screening mode developed by taking liquid chromatography as a platform, and comprises on-line biological assay, micro-fraction activity evaluation and the like.
The core of the micro-fraction activity evaluation method is that the micro-fraction is collected in a porous plate through a micro-fraction collection system, after a solvent is volatilized, a proper buffer solution is selected to add target protein and a corresponding ligand into the porous plate, a signal of a biochemical reaction is monitored, and off-line biological activity detection is completed. Finally, the liquid phase map is compared with the result of the biological activity detection, so that the components influencing the enzyme activity can be found; or the corresponding chemical structure can be obtained by separating and purifying the corresponding active components and carrying out structure confirmation. The micro-fraction activity evaluation method comprises the steps of collecting eluent at certain time intervals after chromatographic separation, carrying out micro-fraction activity evaluation by adopting 96-well, 384-well or even 1536-well plates to obtain a biological activity chromatogram (biochromogram), then carrying out contrast with a chemical component chromatogram (chromagram) to screen out active components, and finally carrying out structure confirmation and completing pharmacodynamic research. Compared with an online bioassay method, the offline activity evaluation method for the micro-fractions has relatively low automation degree, but can relatively improve the stability and accuracy, avoid the influence of the existence of an organic phase on the biological activity of the target protein in an online mode, and can be flexibly combined with more activity detection technologies.
Liquid-liquid chromatography (LLC) is a high-efficiency distributed chromatography technique that has emerged in recent years and is mainly characterized in that the mobile phase and the stationary phase are both liquids, so that the stationary phase does not require a solid carrier, the operating and maintenance costs are relatively low, and preparative separation of a sample is easily achieved. Compared with the traditional liquid chromatography and other technologies, the liquid chromatography has the following advantages: (1) no irreversible adsorption; (2) the requirement on a sample injection sample is low, and complex pretreatment is not needed; (3) the sample injection amount is large, and the conventional sample injection amount can reach hundreds of milligrams to grams; (4) the separation mechanism forms good complementarity with the traditional chromatographic technology. Liquid-liquid chromatography has been widely used for extraction, separation and purification of complex natural products in recent years by virtue of its unique advantages of large sample size, high recovery rate, no irreversible adsorption and the like. In recent years, in order to improve the separation efficiency of liquid-liquid chromatography, preliminary research efforts have been made on the improvement of two-dimensional liquid-liquid chromatography (2D LLC) system apparatuses, the optimization of solvent systems, and the application of various coupling strategies, aiming at improving the resolution of two-dimensional liquid-liquid chromatography separation so that it can generate a larger peak capacity in a reasonable time.
Most studies reported in the literature for screening active ingredients based on chromatographic techniques are based on one-dimensional liquid chromatographic separation. The invention provides a novel method for rapidly and accurately screening active ingredients in natural products such as traditional Chinese medicines by applying a two-dimensional biological activity map (2D biochromograph) and a full two-dimensional chromatographic contour map (2D chromagram) of chemical ingredients to two-dimensional accurate screening of the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine extracts. Firstly, the method combines two key technologies with different separation mechanisms of liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography to obtain a full two-dimensional chromatographic contour map of the chemical dimension of the target medicinal material. Because the separation mechanisms and modes of the two separation technologies have difference complementarity, the two separation mechanisms and the two separation modes are combined to realize sample separation, the method is particularly suitable for separating components with similar material polarity, similar properties and similar structures, the two-dimensional chromatogram is taken as the most common multi-dimensional chromatogram, the peak capacity, the selectivity and the separation degree can be obviously improved, and the obtained two-dimensional chromatogram of the chemical dimension has strong guidance for subsequent activity evaluation.
A few literature studies report the use of two-dimensional chromatography techniques to isolate and purify target compounds after active ingredient screening, however this application is mainly applied to preparative separations of target components by central-cut two-dimensional chromatography. The invention combines a two-dimensional microbial fraction bioactivity map and a two-dimensional chromatographic contour map to accurately screen a target active compound. Based on the established full-two-dimensional chromatographic contour map, the two-dimensional activity screening method provided by the invention is different from other technologies in that the related activity of the target medicinal material compound is comprehensively evaluated in multiple angles and multiple dimensions by adopting a micro-fraction activity evaluation method from the dimension of biological activity evaluation, including activity evaluation indexes such as tyrosinase monophenolase, tyrosinase diphenolase, alpha-glucosidase, DPPH free radical scavenging capacity, ABTS free radical scavenging capacity and the like. Finally, the contour map of the chemical dimension and the activity of the biological dimension are integrated in a two-dimensional activity spectrogram, and the target active compound is accurately positioned by cross positioning of an activity peak, which is the unique key point of the invention. Therefore, the construction of a full-two-dimensional chromatographic separation system based on liquid-liquid chromatography, which has no sample loss, no sample inactivation, large sample introduction amount and high separation efficiency, is an effective supplement and expansion of the traditional full-two-dimensional liquid chromatography technology, and especially has important significance on the construction of a new method for separating and analyzing complex samples and the screening and discovery of natural active ingredients.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that the traditional one-dimensional activity screening method is difficult to rapidly and accurately screen, and provides a two-dimensional screening method for active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines, which not only solves the problems of accurately screening effective bioactive ingredients from the traditional Chinese medicines with complex compositions, and the like, but also greatly improves the efficiency of activity screening, particularly screening enzyme inhibitors and screening free radical scavengers.
The invention provides a novel method for rapidly and accurately screening active ingredients in natural products such as traditional Chinese medicines by applying a two-dimensional biological activity map (2D biochromograph) and a full two-dimensional chromatographic contour map (2D chromagram) of chemical ingredients to two-dimensional accurate screening of the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine extracts. Compared with the traditional activity screening method, the novel two-dimensional activity screening method has the advantages of accurate positioning, quick screening, high resolution and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a two-dimensional screening method of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines comprises the following steps:
(1) Extraction: weighing giant knotweed rhizome coarse powder, and performing reflux extraction by using ethanol to obtain an ethanol extract;
specifically, the giant knotweed rhizome coarse powder is subjected to reflux extraction for 2 hours by using ethanol with the volume fraction of 70%, filtering is carried out, filter residues are repeatedly extracted for 1-2 times, filtrates are combined, and the ethanol extract is obtained through spin-drying;
(2) And (3) extraction: dissolving the alcohol extract in water, sequentially extracting with diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, respectively collecting extractive solutions, spin drying to obtain diethyl ether extract, ethyl acetate extract and n-butanol extract, and spin drying the rest water phase to obtain water extract;
(3)IC 50 and (3) determination: IC for determining tyrosinase monophenolase, tyrosinase diphenolase, alpha-glucosidase, ABTS and DPPH of alcohol extract, ether extract, ethyl acetate extract, n-butanol extract and water extract 50 Screening out the ether extract with the highest biological activity as an object of subsequent two-dimensional activity screening;
(4) Optimizing the liquid chromatography conditions: analyzing the polygonum cuspidatum ether extract by adopting liquid chromatography, and achieving the purpose of separating each component by optimizing detection conditions;
the optimized liquid chromatography conditions are as follows: the chromatographic column is an H & E-C18 column, the mobile phase consists of formic acid water (A) with the volume fraction of 0.1% and acetonitrile (B), the gradient elution condition is adopted, the flow rate is 1.0mL/min, the detection wavelength is 280nm, the column temperature is 30 ℃, the sample injection concentration is 5.00mg/mL, and the sample injection volume is 20 mu L;
particularly preferred liquid chromatography conditions are: the column was an H & E-C18 column (250X 4.6mm,5 μm), the mobile phase composition was 0.1% formic acid water (A) and acetonitrile (B), and the gradient elution conditions were as follows: 0-8min:13% -23% (B), 8-15min:23% -23% (B), 15-25min:23% -30% (B), 25-36min:30% -45% (B), 36-40min:45% -50% (B), 40-51min:50% -90% (B), 51-56min:90% -13% (B); the flow rate is 1.0mL/min, the detection wavelength is 280nm, the column temperature is 30 ℃, the sample injection concentration is 5.00mg/mL, and the sample injection volume is 20 muL;
(5) Optimizing liquid-liquid chromatographic conditions: separating the polygonum cuspidatum ether extract by adopting liquid-liquid chromatography, and improving the separation degree of each component by screening a counter-current solvent system and an elution mode;
the optimized liquid-liquid chromatographic conditions are as follows: petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water are selected as a solvent system, and a gradient elution mode is selected to improve the separation degree of each active compound;
particularly preferred liquid-liquid chromatographic conditions are: selecting a solvent system of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water, adopting a gradient elution mode, wherein the countercurrent condition is as follows: 0-60min: petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (3; 60-170min: petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (3; 170-255min, adopting a pushing elution mode, wherein the flow rate is 2mL/min;
(6) Based on the chromatographic conditions optimized in the steps (4) and (5), utilizing Matlab 2018a script for drawing, and establishing to obtain an offline full-two-dimensional liquid-liquid chromatogram map;
(7) Establishing a high-resolution liquid chromatography micro-fraction screening and evaluating method: eluting the ether extract under the liquid chromatography condition optimized in the step (4), collecting the eluent by using a porous plate, and establishing a liquid chromatography dimension biological activity spectrogram through micro-fraction activity screening;
(8) Establishing a high-resolution liquid chromatography micro-fraction screening and evaluating method: eluting the ether extract under the liquid-liquid chromatography condition optimized in the step (5), collecting eluent by using a fraction collector, concentrating, adding a porous plate, and establishing a liquid-liquid chromatography dimension biological activity spectrogram through micro-fraction activity screening;
(9) Establishing a two-dimensional activity map: based on the off-line full-two-dimensional liquid chromatography-liquid chromatogram in the step (6), the liquid chromatogram dimension biological activity spectrogram in the step (7) and the liquid chromatogram dimension biological activity spectrogram in the step (8) are mapped by the originPro 2021, a corresponding off-line full-two-dimensional biological activity spectrogram is established, and the target compound is accurately positioned by cross positioning of an active peak, so that two-dimensional screening of the active ingredients is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, because the construction of the two-dimensional map requires the combination of two dimensions of liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography, compared with the existing micro-fraction screening technology, the two-dimensional activity map screening method adopted by the invention combines the advantages of the two chromatography technologies and is ingeniously combined with the micro-fraction activity screening method, the effective active ingredients in the complex traditional Chinese medicine giant knotweed rhizome can be rapidly and accurately screened, the resolution of the map is high, and the tyrosinase inhibitor, the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenger can be rapidly and effectively screened.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a two-dimensional contour diagram of ether layer liquid chromatography-liquid chromatography of Polygonum cuspidatum of example 6.
Figure 2 is a spatial coverage map of a two-dimensional contour map of example 6.
FIG. 3 is a two-dimensional activity plot of tyrosinase monophenolase in ether layer of Polygonum cuspidatum of example 7.
FIG. 4 is a two-dimensional activity plot of tyrosinase diphenolase from ether layer of Polygonum cuspidatum of example 8.
FIG. 5 is a two-dimensional activity diagram of α -glucosidase in ether layer of Polygonum cuspidatum of example 9.
FIG. 6 is a two-dimensional activity graph of DPPH radical scavenging ability of ether layer of Polygonum cuspidatum of example 10.
FIG. 7 is a two-dimensional activity diagram of ABTS radical scavenging ability of ether layer of Polygonum cuspidatum of example 11.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below by means of specific examples, without the scope of protection of the invention being limited thereto.
The traditional Chinese medicine giant knotweed rhizome used in the embodiment is from Zhejiang province of China, hangzhou east China herbal pieces Limited.
The extraction method of the giant knotweed comprises the following steps:
weighing 100.00g of giant knotweed coarse powder, performing reflux extraction for 2h by using 2000mL of 70% ethanol, repeatedly extracting for 2 times, combining filtrates, and performing spin-drying to obtain 22.64g of giant knotweed dry extract, wherein the yield is 22.64%;
weighing 3.01g of the extract, dissolving in 300mL of water, sequentially extracting with equal volume of diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol for 3 times, respectively, mixing the upper layer of extract, and spin-drying to obtain the corresponding layer of extract, and spin-drying the remaining lower layer of extract to obtain the water layer.
Example 1: establishment of tyrosinase monophenolase test method and selection of optimal active layer
(1) Solution preparation: (1) PBS buffer: preparing a phosphate powder bag into PBS buffer solution with pH 6.8 by a pH meter; (2) tyrosinase monophenolase solution: preparing 71.4U/mL tyrosinase solution by using PBS buffer solution with pH of 6.8; (3) l-tyrosine solution: preparing 1mM L-tyrosine solution by using PBS buffer solution with pH of 6.8; (4) sample solution: precisely weighing 1.00mg of rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati ethanol total extract, diethyl ether extract, ethyl acetate extract, n-butanol extract and water layer extract, respectively, preparing 1.00mg/mL sample mother liquor with 40% DMSO solution, and sequentially preparing sample solution with appropriate concentration.
(2) The experimental conditions for tyrosinase monophenolase inhibitory activity are as follows. According to the sample group, 10 mu L of sample solution, 90 mu L of PBS solution and 50 mu L of tyrosinase solution with the activity value of 124U/mL are sequentially added into a 96-well plate, the mixture is incubated for 5min at 35 ℃ in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 50 mu L of L-tyrosinase solution with the concentration of 1mM is added after the incubation is finished, the mixture is monitored for 30min at 35 ℃, the mixture is monitored once every 1min, the detection wavelength is 492nm, the absorbance A is measured, and the horizontal test of each sample group is repeated for three times. Setting a sample group, a sample blank group without adding enzyme, a control group without adding the sample, and a blank control group without adding the sample and the enzyme, and sequentially marking the Slope change values of the corresponding absorbance as Slope sample 、Slope sample blank 、Slope control 、Slope control blank The tyrosinase inhibition rate was calculated by the formula (1), and is specifically shown below.
Calculating the inhibition rate of sample solution with different concentration by using formula (1), and analyzing the obtained data by Grafit 7 to obtain IC corresponding to the extract 50 The value is obtained. The inhibitory activity of the giant knotweed rhizome total extract, the ether extract, the ethyl acetate extract, the n-butanol extract and the water layer extract is determined by a tyrosinase monophenolase test. The enzyme inhibiting activity of the five different extracts is enhanced along with the increase of the concentration, and the rest extracts except the water extract have stronger inhibiting activity. IC of total extract, ether extract, ethyl acetate extract and n-butanol extract of Polygonum cuspidatum 50 The values are 13.06 + -0.50 μ g/mL, 6.25 + -0.43 μ g/mL, 11.64 + -1.47 μ g/mL, 21.73 + -2.92 μ g/mL in sequence, but the IC of the water extract can not be accurately calculated due to lower activity 50 The value is obtained. Therefore, the tyrosinase monophenolase inhibition activity of the polygonum cuspidatum ether layer is strongest, and IC 50 The value was 6.25. + -. 0.43. Mu.g/mL.
Example 2: establishment of tyrosinase diphenolase test method and selection of optimal active layer
(1) Solution preparation: steps (1) and (4) were the same as in example 1; (2) tyrosinase diphenolase solution: preparing 124U/mL tyrosinase solution by using PBS buffer solution with pH 6.8; (3) L-DOPA solution: a5 mM solution of L-DOPA was prepared in PBS buffer pH 6.8.
(2) The experimental conditions for the determination of tyrosinase diphenol enzyme activity are as follows. The sample group is added in the following order, 10 μ L of sample solution, 90 μ L of PBS solution and 50 μ L of L-DOPA solution with the concentration of 5mM are sequentially added into a 96-well plate, the mixture is incubated for 10min at 30 ℃ in a microplate reader, 50 μ L of 124U/mL tyrosinase solution is added after the incubation is finished, the mixture is monitored for 6min at 30 ℃, the mixture is monitored once every 1min, the detection wavelength is 492nm, the absorbance A is measured, the parallel test is repeated three times, and the calculation formula is the same as that in example 1.
Analyzing the inhibition curves of the different extracts by tyrosinase diphenolase test, wherein the enzyme inhibition activities of five different extracts are enhanced with the increase of the concentration, and the rest are extracted except water extractThe extract has strong inhibitory activity. IC of total extract, ether extract, ethyl acetate extract and n-butanol extract of rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati 50 The values are 42.03 +/-2.27 mu g/mL, 13.69 +/-1.19 mu g/mL, 26.30 +/-1.66 mu g/mL and 35.69 +/-3.07 mu g/mL in sequence, and the IC of the water extract cannot be accurately calculated due to lower activity of the water extract 50 The value is obtained. Therefore, the tyrosinase diphenolase inhibition activity of the polygonum cuspidatum ether layer is strongest, and IC 50 The value was 13.69. + -. 1.19. Mu.g/mL.
Example 3: establishment of alpha-glucosidase test method and selection of optimal active layer
(1) Solution preparation: (1) PBS buffer: preparing phosphate powder bags into PBS buffer solution with pH 7.0 by means of a pH meter; (2) α -glucosidase solution: preparing 10U/mL alpha-glucosidase mother liquor by using PBS buffer solution with pH 7.0, and finally diluting into 0.1U/mL alpha-glucosidase solution; (3) p-NPG solution: diluting with PBS buffer solution with pH 7.0 to obtain 10mM p-NPG solution; (4) sample solution: precisely weighing 1.00mg of rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati ethanol total extract, diethyl ether extract, ethyl acetate extract, n-butanol extract and water layer extract, respectively, preparing 1.00mg/mL sample mother liquor with DMSO solution, and sequentially preparing sample solution with appropriate concentration in gradient manner.
(2) The experimental conditions for the α -glucosidase inhibitory activity are as follows. For a sample group, 8 mu L of sample solution, 92 mu L of PBS solution and 50 mu L of alpha-glucosidase solution with the activity value of 0.1U/mL are sequentially added into a 96-well plate, the mixture is incubated for 10min at 28 ℃ in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 50 mu L of p-NPG solution with the concentration of 10mM is added after the incubation is finished, the mixture is monitored for 30min at 28 ℃, the mixture is monitored once every 5min, the detection wavelength is 405nm, the absorbance A is measured, parallel tests are repeated for three times, and the calculation formula is the same as that in example 1.
The enzyme inhibition activity of the giant knotweed rhizome total extract and different extraction layers is determined by an alpha-glucosidase test. The enzyme inhibition activity of the five different extracts is enhanced along with the increase of the concentration, and the water extract also has certain hypoglycemic activity. IC of total extract, ether extract, ethyl acetate extract, n-butanol extract, and water layer extract of rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati 50 The values are 1.28 + -0.14 μ g/mL, 1.39 + -0.08 μ g/mL, 1.08 + -0.07 μ g/mL, 0.51 + -0.03mu.g/mL, 11.14. + -. 0.69. Mu.g/mL. The analysis of the obtained activity results shows that the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of each layer of the giant knotweed rhizome is stronger and is matched with the hypoglycemic activity reported in documents, and the other layers except the water-removing layer have stronger alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity and have smaller similarity difference of numerical values.
Example 4: establishment of DPPH free radical scavenging test method and selection of optimal active layer
(1) Solution preparation: (1) DPPH mother liquor: weighing a proper amount of DPPH powder, dissolving the DPPH powder by using methanol, and preparing a DPPH mother solution with the volume of 32 mu M; (2) DPPH working solution: diluting appropriate amount of mother solution to obtain 6.4 μ M DPPH solution (ready for use, and storing in dark place); (3) sample solution: the procedure was as in (4) in example 1 except that the dissolution was carried out using a 50% methanol solution.
(2) The measurement conditions for the DPPH radical scavenging test are as follows. Mixing 50 mu L of sample solution with 200 mu L of DPPH working solution, incubating for 6min in a dark place at room temperature for reaction, determining the absorbance A at 517nm after the reaction is finished, repeating the horizontal test of each sample group for three times, and taking vitamin C as a positive control. Setting a sample group, a sample blank group, a control group and a blank control group, recording the corresponding absorbance difference As As, asb, ac and Acb in sequence, and calculating formula (2) of the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity As shown below.
IC of Total extract, ether extract, ethyl acetate extract, n-butanol extract and Water layer extract of Polygonum cuspidatum by DPPH radical scavenging test 50 The values are 7.09 +/-0.60 mu g/mL, 10.68 +/-1.03 mu g/mL, 3.36 +/-0.23 mu g/mL, 3.61 +/-0.43 mu g/mL and 51.55 +/-5.06 mu g/mL in sequence, the activity of the water extract is far lower than that of other active layers, and the activities of the ethyl acetate layer and the n-butyl alcohol layer are similar. Therefore, the DPPH free radical removing capacity of the polygonum cuspidatum ethyl acetate layer and the n-butyl alcohol layer is strong.
Example 5: establishment of ABTS free radical scavenging test method and selection of optimal active layer
(1) Solution preparation: (1) ABTS mother liquor: 1.53mM ABTS powder, with 0.13mM K 2 S 2 O 8 Dissolving in pure water to obtain ABTS mother liquor, and standing in a dark refrigerator for 12-16 h. (2) ABTS working solution: 5mL of ABTS mother liquor is dissolved in 20mL of PBS buffer solution with the pH value of 7.3 to prepare ABTS working solution. (3) Sample solution: the same procedure as in (3) in example 4 was repeated.
(2) The measurement conditions for the ABTS free radical scavenging assay are as follows. Mixing 20 mu L of sample solution with 200 mu L of ABTS working solution, incubating for 10min in dark at room temperature for reaction, determining absorbance A at 734nm after the reaction is finished, repeating horizontal test of each sample group for three times, and taking vitamin C as positive control. The remaining experimental design and inhibition calculation formulas were the same as in example 4.
IC of total extract, ether extract, ethyl acetate extract, n-butanol extract and water layer extract of rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati by ABTS free radical scavenging test 50 The values were, in order, 1.74. + -. 0.10. Mu.g/mL, 1.30. + -. 0.16. Mu.g/mL, 1.12. + -. 0.06. Mu.g/mL, 1.40. + -. 0.13. Mu.g/mL, 6.96. + -. 0.37. Mu.g/mL. The water extract activity is lower than that of other active layers, and the ABTS free radical scavenging capacity of other extraction layers of the giant knotweed rhizome is similar, so that the giant knotweed rhizome ether layer, the ethyl acetate layer and the n-butyl alcohol layer have better ABTS free radical scavenging activity.
The results of the tyrosinase monophenol enzyme activity and the tyrosinase diphenol enzyme activity are integrated to obtain that the giant knotweed rhizome ether layer has the strongest inhibitory activity, and the giant knotweed rhizome ether layer has similar inhibitory activity to alpha-glucosidase activity, DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging capacity, an ethyl acetate layer and an n-butyl alcohol layer, so that the giant knotweed rhizome ether layer is comprehensively considered and selected for subsequent two-dimensional chromatographic condition optimization and two-dimensional activity screening.
Example 6: screening and optimization of two-dimensional chromatographic conditions
(1) Establishment of giant knotweed rhizome liquid chromatography condition
The liquid-liquid chromatography adopts a head-tail washing demoulding mode that an upper layer organic phase is a fixed phase and a lower layer water phase is a mobile phase, when a chromatographic column is filled with the upper layer organic phase, the voltage is controlled to be 40V, the appropriate rotating speed is adjusted, and the mobile phase is pumped into the chromatographic column at the flow rate of 2mL/min until the two phases are balanced. Selecting a solvent system of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water, adopting a gradient elution mode, wherein the countercurrent condition is as follows: 0-60min: petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (3; 60-170min: petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (3; 170-255min, adopting a pushing elution mode, and the flow rate is 2mL/min. According to the solvent proportion, each solvent system is prepared in a separating funnel, vigorously shaken at room temperature, and after balance, the upper phase and the lower phase are separated to be respectively used as a stationary phase and a mobile phase. 5.18mg of the ether extract of Polygonum cuspidatum was dissolved in 6mL of a well-balanced two-phase solvent system (3 mL of the upper phase and 3mL of the lower phase) to prepare a 0.86mg/mL sample solution. The stationary phase retention was 52.38%.
(2) Establishment of giant knotweed rhizome liquid chromatography analysis condition
The 235 fractions obtained were analyzed by reversed phase liquid chromatography using an H & E-C18 column (250X 4.6mm,5 μm) and a mobile phase composition of 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and acetonitrile (B) under the following gradient elution conditions: 0-8min:13% -23% (B), 8-15min:23% -23% (B), 15-25min:23% -30% (B), 25-36min:30% -45% (B), 36-40min:45% -50% (B), 40-51min:50% -90% (B), 51-56min:90% -13% (B); the flow rate is 1.0mL/min, the detection wavelength is 280nm, the column temperature is 30 ℃, the sample injection concentration is 5.00mg/mL, and the sample injection volume is 20 muL.
(3) Establishment of off-line full two-dimensional liquid chromatography-liquid chromatogram map
The liquid chromatography is used for the first dimension of two-dimensional separation due to large sample feeding amount and high sample recovery rate, and the liquid chromatography is used for the second dimension of two-dimensional separation due to high resolution and short analysis time. And (3) transferring each component collected by the liquid-liquid chromatography to the liquid chromatography for analysis, volatilizing the organic reagent and water of each component, concentrating and re-dissolving the components to 1mL by adopting an acetonitrile-water mixed solvent, further performing second-dimension analysis to obtain a liquid chromatogram of the corresponding fraction, drawing a two-dimensional contour map by using a Matlab 2018a script, and establishing to obtain an off-line full-two-dimensional liquid-liquid chromatography-liquid chromatogram, wherein the off-line full-two-dimensional liquid chromatogram is shown in figure 1. And the convex hull method is adopted to calculate the two-dimensional space coverage rate to be 88.86 percent, as shown in figure 2.
Example 7: establishment of two-dimensional active fingerprint
(1) Establishment of polygonum cuspidatum liquid chromatography activity spectrogram
First, 6mL of a sample solution with a concentration of 0.86mg/mL was taken, elution was performed according to the optimized conditions for liquid-liquid chromatography, gradient elution conditions and component treatment as in example 6, and 235 components collected over a period of 20-255min were all transferred to a fraction collector. One part of the components obtained by liquid-liquid chromatography is used for liquid phase analysis, one part of the components is used for liquid-liquid chromatography activity determination, the resolution ratio of the 96-well plate biological activity separation is 5 min/component, 47 components are combined, 24 sample groups and 12 control groups can be respectively arranged in each 96-well plate, and each component is repeated three times.
And secondly, adding a concentrated sample solution with a proper volume into a 96-well plate, volatilizing all components by using a solvent volatilizer, using a discharge gun to correspondingly apply reagents required by an activity test to the 96-well plate, specifically operating the same as examples 1-5, and recording the required absorbance value in the experimental process.
Third, the formula for calculating the inhibition ratio was the same as in examples 1 to 5.
(2) Establishment of giant knotweed rhizome liquid phase dimension active spectrogram
Firstly, 20 mu L of sample solution with the concentration of 5.00mg/mL is taken, elution is carried out according to optimized liquid phase analysis conditions, all components collected by liquid phase separation under the gradient elution condition of 5,0-56min are connected into a 96-pore plate, 480 components are collected in total, the resolution ratio of the bioactivity separation of the 96-pore plate is 7 s/point, 84 sample groups and 12 control groups are arranged in each 96-pore plate.
The second step is the same as the second step of establishing the liquid-liquid chromatogram activity spectrum in example 7.
Thirdly, because the number of samples obtained by micro-distillation is large, a blank group of samples in each group is not arranged, only a blank group of each group is arranged, and the calculation formula of the enzyme inhibition rate is adjusted to be formula (3).
The formula for the radical clearance is adjusted to formula (4).
(3) Establishment of high-resolution two-dimensional activity map
An off-line full two-dimensional activity fingerprint of tyrosinase monophenolase was established by mapping, as shown in fig. 3. From fig. 3, it can be concluded that compounds 5, 7, 10, 13, 20 have certain tyrosinase monophenolase inhibitory activity by cross analysis of the countercurrent dimension and the liquid phase dimension. Wherein, the retention time of the liquid phase is 25.31min, the inhibition rate of the compound 13 in the dimension of the liquid phase reaches 92.71%, and in the dimension of the countercurrent flow, the compound can be eluted in the conditions of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (3. Therefore, the compound 13 has strong enzyme inhibition activity and is a monomer component which plays a main inhibition role in an ether layer, the component is stilbene resveratrol through structural identification, and after separation and purification, the IC of the monomer is measured 50 4.74 + -0.53 μ M, positive control kojic acid, IC of arbutin 50 16.65 +/-0.89 mu M and 149.45 +/-5.82 mu M respectively, and the in vitro tyrosinase inhibition activity of the monomer component is higher than that of kojic acid and far higher than that of arbutin.
Meanwhile, as can be seen from the two-dimensional contour diagram, when the liquid phase retention time is 13.30min, the compound 7 and the compound 8 are eluted simultaneously, however, due to the difference of the partition coefficients, the compound 7 and the compound 8 are separated into two peaks in the liquid-liquid chromatography, the experimental result shows that the compound 7 has better inhibitory activity, and through the structural identification, the compound 7 is (-) -epicatechin gallate, and the IC of the obtained monomer is separated 50 35.15 ± 2.35 μ M. Through subsequent separation, purification and structure identification, the compound 5 is polydatin, monomeric IC 50 19.07 +/-1.68 mu M; the compound 10 is polydatin-2' -O-gallate, which is derivative of compound 5, monomer IC 50 7.80 +/-0.51 mu M; compound 20 is vanioside B, monomeric IC 50 45.32. + -. 24.51. Mu.M. The result is matched with the cross analysis result of the two-dimensional activity map, and the method strongly proves that the two-dimensional activity screening method can accurately screen complex mediumEffective active ingredients in the medicine.
Example 8: establishment of two-dimensional active fingerprint
(1) The same as in example 7.
(2) The same as in example 7.
(3) Establishment of high-resolution two-dimensional activity map
An off-line full two-dimensional activity fingerprint of tyrosinase diphenolase was established by mapping, as shown in fig. 4. From FIG. 4, it can be concluded that compounds 5, 10 and 13 have certain tyrosinase diphenolase inhibiting activity by cross-over analysis. Similar to example 7, where compound 13 also had the strongest inhibitory activity, being resveratrol of the stilbene type, at a liquid phase retention time of 25.32min, the component achieved an inhibition of 56.62% in the liquid phase dimension, which could be eluted at 6,v/v in the countercurrent dimension to give a purer material, countercurrent section iii, which exhibited stronger inhibitory activity, however, when IC was determined as follows 50 However, the IC of the monomer could not be accurately determined due to the influence of the solubility and physicochemical properties of the monomer 50 The value is obtained. Through structure identification and activity determination, the compound 10 is polydatin-2' -O-gallate, monomer IC 50 17.45 + -1.16 μ M, positive control IC of kojic acid tyrosinase diphenolase 50 The activity of the isolated monomer was higher than that of the positive control at 42.72. + -. 1.36. Mu.M.
Example 9: establishment of two-dimensional active fingerprint
(1) The same as in example 7.
(2) The same as in example 7.
(3) Establishment of high-resolution two-dimensional activity map
By mapping, an offline full-two-dimensional activity fingerprint spectrum of the alpha-glucosidase is established and obtained, and is shown in figure 5. From fig. 5, it can be concluded that compounds 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 13, 16, 20, 22 have certain α -glucosidase inhibitory activity by cross-analysis. As can be seen from FIG. 5, in which compound 20 showed strong α -glucosidase inhibitory activity, the component showed an inhibition rate of 98.64% in the liquid phase dimension and in the countercurrent dimension at a liquid phase retention time of 38.85minPetroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (3. The component is identified as vaninoside B by structure, and the IC of the monomer is measured after separation and purification 50 IC of 1.42. + -. 0.05. Mu.M, positive control acarbose 50 3.79. + -. 0.26nM, although the monomer fraction has less alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity than acarbose in vitro, but the strongest inhibitory activity among the isolated monomers.
Meanwhile, according to two-dimensional activity diagram analysis, a compound 5 polydatin, a compound 7 (-) -epicatechin gallate, a compound 10 polydatin-2' -O-gallate and a compound 13 resveratrol also have certain alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity, the liquid phase retention time is respectively 12.48min, 13.18min, 16.57min and 25.08min, the inhibition rate of the component in the liquid phase dimension reaches 58.52%, 99.38%, 62.01% and 74.64%, and the IC corresponding to the compounds 5, 7, 10 and 13 reaches 58.52%, 99.38%, 62.01% and 74.64% 50 149.79 + -26.61, 37.13 + -7.27, 6.91 + -0.59, 64.74 + -26.57 μ M, respectively. Wherein compounds 2 and 3 are respectively (+) -catechin, (-) -epicatechin and their enantiomers, and IC is determined 50 The activity is 148.21 +/-3.14 and 118.85 +/-6.02 mu M respectively, and the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity (-) -epicatechin is slightly stronger than (+) -catechin.
Example 10: establishment of two-dimensional active fingerprint
(1) 100 μ L of reconstituted sample was added to a 96-well plate, and the procedure was the same as in example 7.
(2) The same as in example 7.
(3) Data processing and mapping an off-line full two-dimensional activity map was constructed as in example 7, with respect to DPPH radical scavenging capacity, as shown in fig. 6. From FIG. 6, it can be concluded that compounds 5, 7, 10, 13, 14 have certain DPPH radical scavenging ability by cross-analysis. Wherein the compound 7 has the strongest inhibitory activity, when the liquid phase retention time is 13.30min, the compound 7 and the compound 8 are eluted simultaneously, the compound 7 and the compound 8 are well separated in the counter-current dimension, the inhibition rate of the component in the liquid phase dimension reaches 83.19 percent, and the component can be used in petroleum ether-acetic acid ethyl acetate in the counter-current dimensionEster-methanol-water (3 50 77.57 +/-4.26, 8.66 +/-0.74 and 12.25 +/-0.89 mu M respectively, and the obtained compound 7 has the strongest inhibitory activity and is consistent with the analysis result of the two-dimensional activity chart. IC of additional Compound 13 resveratrol 50 66.15. + -. 6.35. Mu.M, IC of positive control vitamin C 50 21.61. + -. 1.33. Mu.M, the activity of the isolated monomers 7, 10 was higher than that of the positive control, and the activity of the monomers 5, 13 was slightly weaker than that of the positive control.
Example 11: establishment of two-dimensional active fingerprint
(1) 100 μ L of reconstituted sample was added to a 96-well plate and the procedure was as in example 7.
(2) The same as in example 7.
(3) Data processing and mapping as in example 7, an off-line full two-dimensional activity map was created for ABTS free radical scavenging capacity, as shown in fig. 7. From FIG. 7, it can be concluded that compounds 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 13, 14, 16, 20, 27 have a certain ABTS free radical scavenging ability by cross-over analysis and are in the determination of IC 50 When the value is larger, the activity result measured by the evaluation method is more consistent with that measured by other activity evaluation methods. Wherein the compounds 5, 7, 10 and 13 have the strongest inhibitory activity, the liquid phase retention time is respectively 12.72min, 13.30min, 16.68min and 25.55min, the inhibition rate of the component in the liquid phase dimension reaches 84.19%, 84.60%, 82.27% and 83.70%, and the activity determination shows that the compound 5 polydatin, the compound 7 (-) -epicatechin gallate, the compound 10 polydatin-2' -O-gallate and the IC corresponding to the compound 13 resveratrol 50 Respectively, 4.26 +/-0.22, 2.62 +/-0.18, 3.63 +/-0.32 and 3.15 +/-0.21 mu M. Moreover, the compound 27 does not show obvious inhibitory activity in the evaluation method, but has a certain ABTS free radical scavenging capacity, and the compound 27 is emodin and IC corresponding to a monomer through structural identification 50 It was 4.22. + -. 0.67. Mu.M. The other enantiomer compound 2 (+) -CatechuIC of element, compound 3 (-) -epicatechin, monomer 50 Respectively 5.57 +/-0.30 mu M and 6.55 +/-0.29 mu M, the ABTS free radical scavenging capacity of the two is similar, and the IC of the positive control vitamin C 50 The activity of the isolated monomers 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 13 and 27 is higher than that of the positive control at 11.71 +/-0.72 mu M.
Attached: abbreviations
Claims (4)
1. A two-dimensional screening method of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Extraction: weighing giant knotweed rhizome coarse powder, and performing reflux extraction by using ethanol to obtain an ethanol extract;
(2) Extraction: dissolving the alcohol extract in water, sequentially extracting with diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, respectively collecting the extractive solutions, spin drying to obtain diethyl ether extract, ethyl acetate extract and n-butanol extract, and spin drying the residual water phase to obtain water extract;
(3)IC 50 and (3) determination: IC for determining tyrosinase monophenolase, tyrosinase diphenolase, alpha-glucosidase, ABTS and DPPH of alcohol extract, ether extract, ethyl acetate extract, n-butanol extract and water extract 50 Screening out the ether extract with the highest biological activity as an object of subsequent two-dimensional activity screening;
(4) Optimizing the liquid chromatography conditions: analyzing the polygonum cuspidatum ether extract by adopting liquid chromatography, and achieving the purpose of separating each component by optimizing detection conditions;
the optimized liquid chromatography conditions are as follows: the chromatographic column is an H & E-C18 column, the mobile phase consists of formic acid water (A) with the volume fraction of 0.1% and acetonitrile (B), the gradient elution condition is adopted, the flow rate is 1.0mL/min, the detection wavelength is 280nm, the column temperature is 30 ℃, the sample injection concentration is 5.00mg/mL, and the sample injection volume is 20 mu L;
(5) Optimizing liquid-liquid chromatographic conditions: separating the polygonum cuspidatum ether extract by adopting liquid-liquid chromatography, and improving the separation degree of each component by screening a counter-current solvent system and an elution mode;
the optimized liquid-liquid chromatographic conditions are as follows: selecting petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water as a solvent system, and selecting a gradient elution mode to improve the separation degree of each active compound;
(6) Based on the chromatographic conditions optimized in the steps (4) and (5), utilizing Matlab 2018a script for drawing, and establishing to obtain an offline full-two-dimensional liquid-liquid chromatogram map;
(7) Establishing a high-resolution liquid chromatography micro-fraction screening and evaluating method: eluting the ether extract under the liquid chromatography condition optimized in the step (4), collecting the eluent by using a porous plate, and establishing a liquid chromatography dimension biological activity spectrogram through micro-fraction activity screening;
(8) Establishing a high-resolution liquid chromatography micro-fraction screening and evaluating method: eluting the ether extract under the liquid-liquid chromatography condition optimized in the step (5), collecting eluent by using a fraction collector, concentrating, adding a porous plate, and establishing a liquid-liquid chromatography dimension biological activity spectrogram through micro-fraction activity screening;
(9) Establishing a two-dimensional activity map: based on the off-line full-two-dimensional liquid chromatography-liquid chromatogram in the step (6), the liquid chromatogram dimension biological activity spectrogram in the step (7) and the liquid chromatogram dimension biological activity spectrogram in the step (8) are mapped by the originPro 2021, a corresponding off-line full-two-dimensional biological activity spectrogram is established, and the target compound is accurately positioned by cross positioning of an active peak, so that two-dimensional screening of the active ingredients is realized.
2. The two-dimensional screening method of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the giant knotweed rhizome coarse powder is extracted by ethanol with volume fraction of 70% for 2 hours under reflux, filtered, the filter residue is extracted repeatedly for 1-2 times, the filtrates are combined, and the ethanol extract is obtained by spin-drying.
3. The two-dimensional screening method of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the liquid chromatography conditions are as follows: the column was an H & E-C18 column (250X 4.6mm,5 μm), the mobile phase composition was 0.1% formic acid water (A) and acetonitrile (B), and the gradient elution conditions were as follows: 0-8min:13% -23% (B), 8-15min:23% -23% (B), 15-25min:23% -30% (B), 25-36min:30% -45% (B), 36-40min:45% -50% (B), 40-51min:50% -90% (B), 51-56min:90% -13% (B); the flow rate is 1.0mL/min, the detection wavelength is 280nm, the column temperature is 30 ℃, the sample injection concentration is 5.00mg/mL, and the sample injection volume is 20 muL.
4. The two-dimensional screening method of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the liquid-liquid chromatography conditions are as follows: selecting a solvent system of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water, adopting a gradient elution mode, wherein the countercurrent condition is as follows: 0-60min: petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (3; 60-170min: petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (3; 170-255min, adopting a pushing elution mode, and the flow rate is 2mL/min.
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