CN115184033A - Sand blasting equipment for sand swallowing test of aircraft engine and calibration method of sand blasting equipment - Google Patents
Sand blasting equipment for sand swallowing test of aircraft engine and calibration method of sand blasting equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN115184033A CN115184033A CN202211075685.7A CN202211075685A CN115184033A CN 115184033 A CN115184033 A CN 115184033A CN 202211075685 A CN202211075685 A CN 202211075685A CN 115184033 A CN115184033 A CN 115184033A
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention provides sand blasting equipment for an aircraft engine sand swallowing test and a calibration method thereof. The method carries out comprehensive calibration on the sand blasting equipment from three aspects of the reliability of the sand blasting equipment, the concentration of sand dust at the inlet of an engine and the uniformity of the sand dust at the inlet of the engine, and forms a complete sand blasting equipment calibration method; the sand-dust concentration at the inlet of the engine is calibrated, so that a real-time calculation method for the sand-dust concentration at the inlet of the engine is obtained, the problem of lagging evaluation of a sand swallowing test result is solved, and the effectiveness of the sand swallowing test result is greatly improved; by calibrating the uniformity of the sand and dust at the inlet of the engine, the method for measuring the uniformity of the sand and dust at the inlet of the engine in real time is obtained, the problem that the uniformity of the sand and dust at the inlet of the engine cannot be accurately measured is solved, and the safety of a sand swallowing test is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of an aero-engine environment test, and particularly relates to sand blasting equipment for an aero-engine sand swallowing test and a calibration method thereof.
Background
When an airplane flies in a desert, a dense smoke, a dense fog and other severe environments, sand grains and dust particles which are raised by wind and airplane trails or float in the air are often sucked by an engine. The sand grains and the dust grains have strong abrasiveness, so that the thin tail edges and the thin tip parts of the fan, the rotor and the stator blades of the engine can be abraded, the working efficiency and the structural strength of the fan and the compressor are reduced, and small sand grains are melted and attached to the surfaces of the turbine blades, so that the working efficiency of the turbine is influenced. The sand dust environment can also increase the fuel consumption rate and the maintenance cost of the engine, and the actual service life is greatly reduced.
The success or failure of the sand swallowing test restricts whether an airplane provided with the engine has the capability of being deployed and on duty in a desert, a dense smoke, a dense fog and other severe environments. The general specifications of aviation turbojet and turbofan engines (GJB 241A-2010) and the general specifications of aviation turboprop and turboshaft engines (GJB 242A-2018) in China take a sand swallowing test as one of important test items for identifying the state of a novel aviation engine, and the requirement of the sand swallowing test of the aviation turbojet turbofan engines (GJB 2026-94) also makes a regulation on the concentration and uniformity of sand dust at the inlet of the engine and requires that the sand blasting equipment is calibrated before the sand swallowing test of the engine. When the concentration of sand dust at the inlet of the engine is too low, the sand dust resistance of the engine cannot be accurately obtained, when the concentration of sand dust is too high, the engine can be damaged, and both too low and too high concentrations of sand dust can cause failure of a sand swallowing test; when the sand dust at the inlet of the engine is uneven, the rotor and stator blades of the engine are abraded unevenly and damaged, and the sand swallowing test fails. Therefore, the real-time monitoring and control of the concentration and uniformity of the sand dust at the inlet of the engine are very important for successfully completing the sand swallowing test of the aero-engine and obtaining the sand dust resistance of the engine.
The existing sand blasting equipment calibration method is lack of calibration on the uniformity of sand dust at the inlet of an engine, and the calibration result cannot be used for real-time calculation of the concentration of the sand dust at the inlet of the engine and real-time measurement of the uniformity of the sand dust at the inlet of the engine, so that the effectiveness of a sand swallowing test result and the safety of the sand swallowing test are influenced, and smooth development of the sand swallowing test is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a sand blasting device for an aero-engine sand swallowing test and a calibration method thereof, so as to solve the problems that the calibration content is incomplete before the sand swallowing test of the existing sand blasting device, the concentration of sand dust at the inlet of an engine cannot be calculated in real time in the sand swallowing test, and the uniformity of the sand dust at the inlet of the engine cannot be measured, and ensure the smooth operation of the sand swallowing test.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme, and provides a sand blasting device for an aircraft engine sand swallowing test, wherein the sand blasting device comprises an auxiliary air assembly for providing injection air for sand blasting, a sand and dust metering assembly for metering the flow of sand and dust, a sand and dust mixing device for uniformly dispersing the sand and dust in the injection air, and a plurality of sand and dust nozzles for performing sand blasting, which are sequentially connected.
The sand blasting equipment for the aircraft engine sand swallowing test is also characterized in that the auxiliary air assembly comprises: the system comprises a main air supply pipeline, a main road air supply pipeline and a bypass air supply pipeline, wherein a test bed air supply pressure measuring point, a main air supply normally-closed valve and an air filter are sequentially connected with one another on the main air supply pipeline; the main air supply pipeline is provided with a main air supply normally-closed valve, a main pressure regulating normally-closed valve and an air flow measuring device which are connected in sequence; the bypass air supply pipeline is provided with a bypass air supply normally-closed valve and a bypass pressure regulating normally-closed valve which are connected in sequence, wherein the test bed air supply pressure measuring point is used for monitoring auxiliary air supply pressure; the main air supply normally-closed valve is used for controlling the supply of auxiliary air supply; the air filter is used for filtering impurities in the auxiliary air; the main air supply normally-closed valve is used for controlling air supply in the main air supply pipeline; the main circuit pressure regulating normally-closed valve is used for regulating the air pressure and flow in the main circuit air supply pipeline; the air flow measuring device is used for measuring the air flow in the main air supply pipeline; the bypass air supply normally-closed valve is used for controlling air supply in the bypass air supply pipeline; the bypass pressure regulating normally-closed valve is used for regulating air pressure and flow in the bypass air supply pipeline.
The sand blasting equipment for the aircraft engine sand swallowing test is also characterized in that the sand metering component comprises a sand metering device, the sand metering device comprises a sand cylinder, a sand metering shifting sheet arranged in the sand cylinder and a collecting pipe simultaneously connected with the sand cylinder and a main pipeline air supply pipeline, the sand cylinder is of a vertical cylindrical structure, the volume of the sand cylinder is not less than the sand swallowing amount of the aircraft engine in one-stage test, an air inlet connected with a bypass air supply pipeline is arranged above the sand cylinder, a sand discharge port is arranged below the sand cylinder, and an observation window is arranged on the side edge of the sand cylinder; the sand-dust metering shifting sheet ensures that all the metered sand dust enters the sand discharge port under the auxiliary action of ejecting air through centripetal force; the collecting pipe is used for ensuring that the sand dust moves towards the sand dust mixing device.
The sand-blast equipment for the aircraft engine sand swallowing test is characterized by further comprising a sand cylinder pressure measuring point for measuring the pressure of the sand cylinder and a collecting pipe pressure measuring point for measuring the pressure of the collecting pipe.
The sand-dust mixing device comprises a straight section, a diversion trench and a plurality of uniformly distributed sand outlets of the mixing device, and the ejection air continuously swirls in the straight section, so that the sand dust is effectively mixed with the ejection air in the straight section after being collided and rebounded with the wall surface of the straight section for a plurality of times and then is discharged through the diversion trench and the sand outlets of the mixing device.
The sand blasting equipment for the aircraft engine sand swallowing test is characterized in that the sand nozzle is a straight-through nozzle connected with a sand mixing device through a hose, and the plurality of sand nozzles are uniformly arranged.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of calibrating a blasting apparatus according to any of the preceding claims,
the method comprises the following steps:
s1: inspecting the reliability of the sand blasting equipment;
s2: calibrating the sand concentration at the inlet of the engine;
s3: and (5) calibrating the inlet uniformity of the engine.
The sand blasting equipment calibration method for the aircraft engine sand swallowing test is characterized in that the reliability check in the step S1 is carried out under the conditions that the collecting pipe is not supplied with the injection air, and the sand cylinder is not loaded with the sand dust and is not supplied with the injection air.
The sand blasting equipment calibration method for the aircraft engine sand swallowing test is further characterized in that the step S1 is as follows:
s1.1: starting a sand and dust metering device, measuring and recording the position of a sand and dust calculation shifting sheet, calculating the actual feeding distance of the sand and dust metering shifting sheet within 1 hour, and calculating the sand and dust metering precision of the sand blasting equipment by combining the theoretical feeding distance of the sand and dust metering shifting sheet within 1 hour;
s1.2: acquiring and curing all precondition parameters of the sand-dust metering precision of the sand-blasting equipment meeting the requirements;
s1.3: monitoring and controlling all preposed condition parameters of the sand-dust metering precision of the sand-blasting equipment to meet the requirement in real time;
s1.4: repeat S1.1-S1.3 at least 10 times.
The sand blasting equipment calibration method for the aircraft engine sand swallowing test is further characterized in that the step S2 is as follows:
s2.1: connecting outlets of a plurality of sand-dust nozzles to the same big sand-dust bag, weighing and recording the weight of the big sand-dust bag;
s2.2: after injecting air with the air flow rate not less than 11m/s is supplied to the collecting pipe and sand dust is loaded in the sand cylinder, observing a sand cylinder pressure measuring point and a collecting pipe pressure measuring point, and supplying injecting air into the sand cylinder to enable the pressure of the sand cylinder to be higher than the pressure of the collecting pipe;
s2.3: collecting the current ambient atmospheric humidity, weighing the weight of the big sand-dust bag after starting the sand-dust metering device for 1 hour, and calculating to obtain the actual sand swallowing amount of the test engine for 1 hour;
s2.4: calculating to obtain the air flow at the current ambient atmospheric temperature according to the acquired air flow at the sand swallowing state of the engine under test and the acquired current ambient atmospheric temperature;
s2.5: combining the actual sand swallowing amount of the engine in the 1-hour test obtained in the S2.3 with the air flow at the current ambient atmospheric temperature obtained by calculation in the S2.4 to obtain the sand concentration at the inlet of the engine, and obtaining and solidifying all preposed conditions of which the sand concentration at the inlet of the engine meets the requirement;
s2.6: and repeating S2.3-S2.5 for at least 10 times, and evaluating the accuracy and reliability of the method for calculating the sand dust concentration at the inlet of the engine in real time.
The sand blasting equipment calibration method for the aircraft engine sand swallowing test is further characterized in that the step S3 is as follows:
s3.1: connecting the outlet of the single dust nozzle to the small dust bag, weighing and recording the weight of the small dust bag;
s3.2: after injecting air with the air flow rate not less than 11m/s is supplied to the collecting pipe and sand dust is loaded in the sand cylinder, observing a sand cylinder pressure measuring point and a collecting pipe pressure measuring point, and supplying injecting air into the sand cylinder to enable the pressure of the sand cylinder to be higher than the pressure of the collecting pipe;
s3.3: acquiring the current ambient atmospheric humidity, weighing the weight of the small sand bag after starting the sand metering device for 1 hour, and calculating to obtain the actual sand blasting amount of a single sand nozzle in the 1-hour test;
s4: combining the pneumatic characteristic of a single sand-dust nozzle and the layout of a plurality of sand-dust nozzles, measuring the uniformity of sand-dust at the inlet of the engine, and acquiring and curing all precondition parameters that the uniformity of sand-dust at the inlet of the engine meets the requirement;
s3.5: and repeating S3.3-S3.4 for at least 10 times, and evaluating the accuracy and reliability of the method for calculating the sand dust concentration at the inlet of the engine in real time.
Advantageous effects
The sand blasting equipment calibration method for the aircraft engine sand swallowing test provided by the invention comprehensively calibrates the sand blasting equipment from three aspects of the reliability of the sand blasting equipment, the concentration of sand dust at the inlet of the engine and the uniformity of the sand dust at the inlet of the engine, and forms a complete sand blasting equipment calibration method; by calibrating the sand concentration at the inlet of the engine, the real-time calculation method of the sand concentration at the inlet of the engine is obtained, the problem of lagging evaluation of the sand swallowing test result is solved, and the effectiveness of the sand swallowing test result is greatly improved; by calibrating the uniformity of the sand and dust at the inlet of the engine, the method for measuring the uniformity of the sand and dust at the inlet of the engine in real time is obtained, the problem that the uniformity of the sand and dust at the inlet of the engine cannot be accurately measured is solved, and the safety of a sand swallowing test is greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sand blasting device for an aircraft engine sand swallowing test according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sand and dust metering device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a calibration method according to an embodiment of the present invention,
wherein: 1-test bed air supply pressure measuring point, 2-total air supply normally-closed valve, 3-air filter, 4-main path air supply normally-closed valve, 5-main path pressure regulating normally-closed valve, 6-air flow measuring device, 7-sand dust metering device, 8-sand dust mixing device, 9-sand dust nozzle, 10-engine air inlet channel, 11-engine, 12-bypass air supply normally-closed valve, 13-bypass pressure regulating normally-closed valve, 14-sand cylinder pressure measuring point, 15-collecting pipe pressure measuring point, 16-sand dust nozzle inlet pressure measuring point, 17-collecting pipe, 18-sand cylinder and 19-sand dust metering shifting sheet.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, but it should be understood that these embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that the functional, methodological, or structural equivalents of these embodiments or substitutions may be included in the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "central", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only used for convenience in describing and simplifying the description of the present invention, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
The terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally coupled; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the creation of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a sand blasting apparatus for an aircraft engine sand swallowing test, where the sand blasting apparatus includes an auxiliary air assembly for providing ejection air for sand blasting, a sand measuring assembly for measuring sand flow, a sand mixing device for uniformly dispersing sand in the ejection air, and multiple sand nozzles 9 for performing sand blasting, which are connected in sequence. The sand nozzle 9 sprays sand into the engine 11 through the engine intake duct 10.
In some embodiments, the secondary air assembly comprises: a main air supply pipeline, a main air supply pipeline and a bypass air supply pipeline,
the main air supply pipeline is provided with a test bed air supply pressure measuring point 1, a main air supply normally-closed valve 2 and an air filter 3 which are connected in sequence; the main air supply pipeline is provided with a main air supply normally-closed valve 4, a main pressure regulating normally-closed valve 5 and an air flow measuring device 6 which are connected in sequence; the bypass air supply pipeline is provided with a bypass air supply normally-closed valve 12 and a bypass pressure regulating normally-closed valve 13 which are connected in sequence, wherein the test bed air supply pressure measuring point 1 is used for monitoring auxiliary air supply pressure; the main air supply normally-closed valve 2 is used for controlling the supply of auxiliary air supply; the air filter 3 is used for filtering impurities in the auxiliary air; the main air supply normally-closed valve 4 is used for controlling air supply in the main air supply pipeline; the main circuit pressure regulating normally-closed valve 5 is used for regulating the air pressure and flow in the main circuit pipeline; the air flow measuring device 6 is used for measuring the air flow in the main pipeline; the bypass air supply normally closed valve 12 is used for controlling air supply in the bypass air supply pipeline; the bypass pressure regulating normally closed valve 13 is used to regulate the air pressure and flow in the bypass line.
In some embodiments, the sand and dust metering component comprises a sand and dust metering device, the sand and dust metering device 7 comprises a sand cylinder 18, a sand and dust metering plectrum 19 arranged in the sand cylinder 18 and a collecting pipe 17 connected with the sand cylinder 18 and a main pipeline air supply pipeline simultaneously, the sand cylinder 18 is of a vertical cylindrical structure, the volume of the sand cylinder 18 is not less than the sand swallowing amount of one-stage test of the aircraft engine, an air inlet connected with a bypass air supply pipeline is arranged above the sand cylinder 18, a sand discharge port is arranged below the sand cylinder 18, and an observation window is arranged on the side edge of the sand cylinder; the sand and dust metering shifting sheet 19 ensures that all the metered sand and dust enters the sand discharge port under the auxiliary action of ejecting air through centripetal force; the collecting pipe 17 is used to ensure that the sand dust moves towards the sand dust mixing device 8.
In some embodiments, the sand and dust metering assembly further comprises a sand cylinder pressure station 14 for measuring sand cylinder pressure and a manifold pressure station 15 for measuring manifold pressure.
In some embodiments, the sand-dust mixing device 8 includes a straight section, a diversion trench and a plurality of mixing device sand outlets uniformly distributed, and the injection air continuously swirls in the straight section, so that the sand-dust is rebounded by multiple collisions with the wall surface of the straight section, and is effectively mixed with the injection air in the straight section, and then is discharged through the diversion trench and the mixing device sand outlets.
In some embodiments, the sand-dust nozzle 9 is a straight nozzle connected to the sand-dust mixing device through a hose, and the plurality of sand-dust nozzles 9 are arranged uniformly.
In some embodiments, the method of calibrating a blasting apparatus according to any preceding claim, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: inspecting the reliability of the sand blasting equipment;
s2: calibrating the sand concentration at the inlet of the engine;
s3: and (4) calibrating the inlet uniformity of the engine.
In some embodiments, the reliability check in S1 is performed under the condition that the manifold 17 is not supplied with the purge air, the sand drum 18 is not loaded with the sand dust, and the purge air is not supplied.
In some embodiments, the step of S1 is as follows:
s1.1: starting the sand and dust metering device 7, measuring and recording the position of the sand and dust calculation shifting sheet 19, calculating the actual feeding distance of the sand and dust metering shifting sheet 19 within 1 hour, and calculating the sand and dust metering precision of the sand blasting equipment by combining the theoretical feeding distance of the sand and dust metering shifting sheet 19 within 1 hour;
s1.2: acquiring and curing all precondition parameters of the sand-dust metering precision of the sand-blasting equipment meeting the requirements;
s1.3: monitoring and controlling all precondition parameters of the sand and dust metering precision of the sand blasting equipment to meet the requirements in real time;
s1.4: repeat S1.1-S1.3 at least 10 times.
In some embodiments, the step of S2 is as follows:
s2.1: connecting the outlets of a plurality of sand-dust nozzles 9 to the same big sand-dust bag, weighing and recording the weight of the big sand-dust bag;
s2.2: after the air flow rate of the injection air supplied by the collecting pipe is not less than 11m/s and sand dust is loaded in the sand cylinder 18, observing a sand cylinder pressure measuring point 14 and a collecting pipe pressure measuring point 15, and supplying the injection air into the sand cylinder 18 to enable the pressure of the sand cylinder 18 to be higher than the pressure of the collecting pipe 17;
s2.3: collecting the current ambient atmospheric humidity, weighing the weight of the big sand-dust bag after starting the sand-dust metering device for 1 hour, and calculating to obtain the actual sand swallowing amount of the test engine for 1 hour;
s2.4: calculating to obtain the air flow at the current ambient atmospheric temperature according to the acquired air flow in the sand swallowing state of the reference engine 11 and the acquired current ambient atmospheric temperature;
s2.5: combining the actual sand swallowing amount of the engine in the 1-hour test obtained in the S2.3 and the air flow at the current ambient atmospheric temperature obtained by calculation in the S2.4 to obtain the concentration of the sand dust at the inlet of the engine 11, and obtaining and solidifying all prepositive conditions of which the concentration of the sand dust at the inlet of the engine 11 meets the requirements;
s2.6: and repeating S2.3-S2.5 for at least 10 times, and evaluating the accuracy and reliability of the method for calculating the sand dust concentration at the inlet of the engine in real time.
In some embodiments, the step of S3 is as follows:
s3.1: the outlet of a single dust nozzle 9 is connected to a small dust bag, the weight of the small dust bag is weighed and recorded;
s3.2: after injecting air with the air flow rate not less than 11m/s is supplied to the collecting pipe 17 and sand dust is loaded in the sand cylinder 18, observing a sand cylinder pressure measuring point 14 and a collecting pipe pressure measuring point 15, and supplying injecting air to the sand cylinder 18 to enable the pressure of the sand cylinder 18 to be higher than the pressure of the collecting pipe;
s3.3: collecting the current ambient atmospheric humidity, starting the sand-dust metering device for 7, weighing the small sand-dust bag after 1 hour, and calculating to obtain the actual sand blasting amount of a single sand-dust nozzle 9 in the 1 hour test;
s4: combining the pneumatic characteristic of a single sand-dust nozzle 9 and the layout of a plurality of sand-dust nozzles 9, measuring the sand-dust uniformity of the inlet of the engine 11, and acquiring and curing all precondition parameters that the sand-dust uniformity of the inlet of the engine 11 meets the requirement;
s3.5: and repeating S3.3-S3.4 for at least 10 times, and evaluating the accuracy and reliability of the method for calculating the sand dust concentration at the inlet of the engine 11 in real time.
In some embodiments: as shown in figure 2 of the drawings, in which,
and according to the step S1, acquiring the air flow of the sand swallowing state of the engine participating in the sand swallowing test.
1) Adopting 3 qualified 5-point total temperature and total pressure measuring rakes to measure the total air inlet temperature T when the engine is in a sand swallowing state * (K) And total intake pressure P * （Pa）；
2) According to the formula
Combined with engine design air flow W se (kg/s) to obtain the mass flow rate W of the intake air of the engine a （kg/s）；
3) According to the formula
Air density under standard condition
（kg/m 3 ) Calculating the volume flow V of the air intake of the engine a （m 3 /s）；
According to the step S1, the sand blasting equipment needs to complete software and hardware preparation and static combined debugging. And after the step S1 is completely finished, the reliability of the sand blasting equipment can be checked.
1) According to the formula W s =V a ×C s Taking out the sand concentration C of the engine inlet s =0.053g/m 3 Calculating the sand swallowing flow W of the sand swallowing test of the engine s (g/s), calculating the total sand swallowing amount m of the sand swallowing test in 1 hour of the engine s （g）；
2) According to the formula m s =W s X l, taking sand and dust according to the design index of the sand blasting equipment, metering the sand and dust, feeding the sand discharge flow W downwards by the poking sheet 19 s (g/mm), calculating the theoretical feeding distance l (mm) of the sand-dust metering plectrum 18 in 1 hour;
3) Setting the rotating speed r (r/min) and the feeding speed v (mm/s) of a sand and dust metering plectrum 19;
4) Recording sand dust metering pick 19 zero position l 0 Starting the sand-dust metering device 7, and starting the reliability check of the sand blasting equipment within 1 hour;
5) Measuring the feeding distance of the sand-dust metering plectrum 19 by adopting a vernier caliper qualified in verification at intervals of 15min within 1 hour, and recording the position l of the sand-dust metering plectrum 19 15 、l 30 、l 45 、l 60 Closing the sand dust metering device 7, and finishing the reliability check of the sand blasting equipment within 1 hour;
6) According to the formula | = l 60 -l 0 Calculating the actual feeding distance of the sand-dust measuring plectrum 19 in 1 hour;
7) Comparing the actual feeding distance l (mm) of the sand-dust metering plectrum 19 in 1 hour with the theoretical feeding distance l (mm) in 1 hour, calculating the sand-dust metering precision of the sand-blasting equipment, and acquiring and curing all preposed condition parameters of which the sand-dust metering precision of the sand-blasting equipment meets the requirement;
8) And monitoring and controlling all preposed condition parameters of the sand dust metering precision of the sand blasting equipment to meet the requirement in real time, repeating the operation, and carrying out reliability check on the sand blasting equipment for at least 10 hours, wherein the reliability check result meets the requirement.
According to the step S2, the wind speed of the collecting pipe 17 needs to be calibrated. Fig. 2 shows the principle of the sand and dust measuring device, the sensor for collecting data is qualified, and the air flow measuring device 6 adopts a standard sonic nozzle to complete calibration.
1) The test bed supplies compressed air, the total air supply normally-closed valve 2 and the bypass air supply normally-closed valve 12 are fully opened, the bypass pressure regulating normally-closed valve 13 is slowly opened and adjusted, the sand cylinder 18 supplies injection air, and the pressure P measured by the sand cylinder pressure measuring point 14 is ensured 1 (kPa) higher than the pressure P measured at the manifold pressure measuring point 15 2 （kPa）；
2) A main path air supply normally-closed valve 4 is opened completely, a main path pressure regulating normally-closed valve 5 is opened slowly and regulated, compressed air flows through the main path air supply line, and the total air inlet temperature T of the air flow measuring device 6 is measured t (. Degree. C.), total pressure P t (kPa) and static pressure P s （kPa）；
3) According to the formula
Combining the gas adiabatic index k to obtain the Mach number M of the air flow measuring section a ；
4) According to the formula
Calculating the inlet static temperature T of the air flow measuring device 6 s （℃）；
5) According to the formula
Calculating sound velocity c (m/s) by combining the gas constant R;
6) Calculating the air inlet speed V (m/s) of the collecting pipe 17 according to the formula V = Ma × c;
7) The main-path pressure-regulating normally-closed valve 5 is regulated to ensure that the air inlet speed V of the collecting pipe 17 is not less than 11m/s, and the bypass pressure-regulating normally-closed valve 13 is regulated to ensure the pressure P measured by the sand cylinder pressure measuring point 14 1 Pressure P measured higher than pressure point 15 of collecting pipe measurement 2 And 0.5kPa < P 1 -P 2 Less than 1.5kPa, recording the pressure P measured by the test bed air supply pressure measuring point 1 0 Pressure P measured by sand cylinder pressure measuring point 14 1 Pressure P measured by manifold pressure measuring point 15 2 A main path pressure regulating normally closed valve 5 valve position alpha (DEG) and a bypass pressure regulating normally closed valve 13 valve position beta (DEG);
8) Changing the pressure P measured by the test bed air supply pressure measuring point 1 0 The main-path pressure-regulating normally-closed valve 5 and the bypass pressure-regulating normally-closed valve 13 are regulated to ensure that the air inlet speed V =11m/s of the collecting pipe 17 and the pressure P measured by the sand cylinder pressure measuring point 14 1 Pressure P higher than measured by collecting pipe pressure measuring point 15 2 And 0.5kPa < P 1 -P 2 ＜1.5kPa；
9) Recording the pressure P measured by the test bed air supply pressure measuring point 1 0_1 、P 0_2 \8230; \ 8230;, pressure P measured by sand cylinder pressure measuring point 14 1_1 、P 1_2 8230the pressure P measured by collecting pipe pressure measuring point 15 2_1 、P 2_2 823060, 82305 valve position alpha of main circuit pressure regulating normally-closed valve 1 、α 2 \8230 `, bypass pressure regulating normally closed valve 13 valve position beta 1 、β 2 8230the method obtains the air inlet speeds V and P of the collecting pipe 17 1 -P 2 All the pre-parameters that meet the requirements, namely: the test bed comprises a test bed air supply pressure, a sand cylinder pressure, a collector pipe pressure, a main circuit pressure regulating normally-closed valve 5 valve position and a bypass pressure regulating normally-closed valve 13 valve position;
10 The test stand stops supplying compressed air, the valve is fully closed, and the manifold 17 wind speed calibration is finished.
According to the step S2, the outlet of the hose of the sand-dust nozzle 9 needs to be connected with a large-size sand-dust bag. And after the step S2 is completed, calibrating the sand dust concentration at the inlet of the engine.
1) Weighing sand dust M (g);
2) Charging sand drum 18 with sand m 0 （g）；
3) Weighing large size dust-proof bag, recording weight m of dust-proof bag fcd0 (g) The dust-proof bag is connected with the outlet of the hose of the sand-dust nozzle 9 by adopting a quick connector;
4) The test bed supplies compressed air, the main air supply normally-closed valve 2 and the bypass air supply normally-closed valve 12 are fully opened, the bypass pressure regulating normally-closed valve 13 is opened to a target valve position beta, and the sand cylinder 18 supplies injection air;
5) Setting a rotating speed r (r/min) and a feeding speed v (mm/s) of a sand and dust metering plectrum 19;
6) Starting the sand-dust metering device 7, and stopping the rotation and feeding of the sand-dust metering shifting sheet 19 after the lower surface of the sand-dust metering shifting sheet 19 is flush with the upper surface of sand of the sand cylinder;
7) Weighing sand in collecting pipe 17, recording sand weight m yc0 （g）；
8) Opening the main path air supply normally-closed valve 4, opening the main path pressure regulating normally-closed valve 5 to a target valve position alpha, supplying injection air by the collecting pipe 17, starting the sand and dust metering device 7 and starting the sand and dust concentration calibration of the inlet of the engine;
9) After 1 hour of test, closing the sand dust metering device 7, and closing the main path air supply normally-closed valve 4;
10 Measure the dust in the sand drum 18, record the weight m of the dust 1 ；
11 Weigh the large dust bag and record the weight m of the large dust bag fcd1 ；
12 Measure the sand in the collecting pipe 17, record the weight m of the sand yc1 ；
13 According to the formula m ts =m 0 -m 1 -m yc1 Calculating the actual sand swallowing amount m of the engine 1 stage ts （g）；
14 According to the formula m ts =3600×W ts Calculating the actual sand swallowing flow W of the engine ts （g/s）；
15 According to the formula W ts =V a ×C ts Calculating the sand concentration C of the inlet of the engine ts_1 （g/m 3 ) Acquiring and curing all preposed condition parameters of which the concentration of sand dust at the inlet of the engine meets the requirement, namely: the test bed comprises a test bed air supply pressure, a sand cylinder pressure, a collector pipe pressure, a main circuit pressure regulating normally-closed valve 5 valve position, a bypass pressure regulating normally-closed valve 13 valve position and a sand and dust metering plectrum 19 feeding speed;
16 The operation is repeated, the concentration of the sand dust at the inlet of the engine is calibrated for at least 10 hours, the calibration result of the concentration of the sand dust at the inlet of the engine meets the requirement, and the accuracy and the reliability of the method for calculating the concentration of the sand dust at the inlet of the engine in real time are evaluated.
According to the step S3, the pneumatic characteristics of the single sand-dust nozzle 9 and the layout of the sand-dust nozzles 9 at the inlet of the engine need to be obtained, and the outlet of the single sand-dust nozzle 9 needs to be connected with a small-size dust-proof bag; and (3) after the step (S3) is completed, calibrating the uniformity of sand and dust at the inlet of the engine.
1) Filling the sand cylinder 18 with sand dust;
2) Respectively weighing the small dust-proof bags and recording the weight m of the small dust-proof bags xfcd0_1 （g）……m xfcd0_17 ,
The dust-proof bag is connected with the outlet of the hose of the sand-dust nozzle 9 by adopting a quick connector;
3) The test bed supplies compressed air, the main air supply normally-closed valve 2 and the bypass air supply normally-closed valve 12 are fully opened, the bypass pressure regulating normally-closed valve 13 is opened to a target valve position beta, and the sand cylinder 18 supplies injection air;
4) Setting a rotating speed r (r/min) and a feeding speed v (mm/s) of a sand and dust metering plectrum 19;
5) Starting the sand-dust metering device 7, and stopping the rotation and feeding of the sand-dust metering shifting sheet 19 after the lower surface of the sand-dust metering shifting sheet 19 is flush with the upper surface of sand of the sand cylinder 18;
6) Opening the main path air supply normally-closed valve 4, opening the main path pressure regulating normally-closed valve 5 to a target valve position alpha, supplying injection air by the collecting pipe 17, starting the sand dust metering device 7 and starting the sand dust uniformity calibration of the inlet of the engine;
7) After 1 hour of test, closing the sand dust metering device 7, and closing the main path air supply normally-closed valve 4;
8) Respectively weighing the small dust bags and recording the weight m of the small dust bags xfcd1_1 （g）……m xfcd1_17 ；
9) According to the formula m ps =m xfcd1 -m xfcd0 Calculating the weight m of the sand dust in the small dust-proof bag ps1 ……m ps17 ；
10 According to the weight m of dust in the small dust-proof bag ps1 ……m ps17 The 9 aerodynamic characteristics of single sand dust nozzle and the 9 overall arrangements of engine inlet sand dust nozzle combine, survey engine inlet sand dust degree of consistency, acquire all leading conditional parameters that the engine inlet sand dust degree of consistency satisfies the test requirement, promptly: the test bed comprises a test bed air supply pressure, a sand cylinder pressure, a collector pipe pressure, a main path pressure regulating normally-closed valve 5 valve position, a bypass pressure regulating normally-closed valve 13 valve position, a sand and dust metering plectrum 19 feeding speed and a sand and dust nozzle inlet pressure measuring point 16 measured pressure;
11 The operation is repeated, the uniformity of the sand dust at the inlet of the engine is calibrated for at least 10 hours, the uniformity calibration result of the sand dust at the inlet of the engine meets the requirement, and the accuracy and the reliability of the method for measuring the uniformity of the sand dust at the inlet of the engine in real time are evaluated.
And (4) after the steps from S1 to S4 are completed, the calibration of the sand blasting equipment is completed, the reliability of the sand blasting equipment is checked, a real-time calculation method for the concentration of sand dust at the inlet of the engine and a real-time measurement method for the uniformity of the sand dust at the inlet of the engine are obtained, and a complete calibration method for the sand blasting equipment is formed.
According to the S5 step, in the sand swallowing test, the concentration of the sand dust at the inlet of the engine can be calculated in real time according to the real-time calculation method of the concentration of the sand dust at the inlet of the engine, so that the problem of lag in sand swallowing test result evaluation is solved, and the effectiveness of the sand swallowing test result is greatly improved. According to the method for measuring the sand-dust uniformity at the inlet of the engine in real time, the sand-dust uniformity at the inlet of the engine can be measured in real time, the problem that the sand-dust uniformity at the inlet of the engine cannot be accurately measured is solved, and the safety of a sand swallowing test is greatly improved.
The above description is intended to be illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, but rather, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. The utility model provides an aeroengine gulps down sand blasting equipment for experiment which characterized in that, sand blasting equipment is including the auxiliary air subassembly that is used for providing the injection air for the sandblast that connects gradually, is used for sand dirt flow measurement's sand and dust metering component, is used for scattering even sand and dust mixing arrangement and a plurality of sand and dust nozzles that are used for carrying on the sandblast with sand and dust in the injection air.
2. The sand blasting apparatus for an aircraft engine gulp test according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary air component comprises: a main air supply pipeline, a main air supply pipeline and a bypass air supply pipeline,
the main air supply pipeline is provided with a test bed air supply pressure measuring point, a main air supply normally-closed valve and an air filter which are connected in sequence; the main air supply pipeline is provided with a main air supply normally-closed valve, a main pressure regulating normally-closed valve and an air flow measuring device which are connected in sequence; the bypass air supply pipeline is provided with a bypass air supply normally-closed valve and a bypass pressure regulating normally-closed valve which are connected in sequence,
the test bed air supply pressure measuring point is used for monitoring auxiliary air supply pressure; the main air supply normally-closed valve is used for controlling the supply of auxiliary air supply; the air filter is used for filtering impurities in the auxiliary air; the main air supply normally-closed valve is used for controlling air supply in the main air supply pipeline; the main-path pressure-regulating normally-closed valve is used for regulating the air pressure and flow in the main-path air supply pipeline; the air flow measuring device is used for measuring the air flow in the main air supply pipeline; the bypass air supply normally-closed valve is used for controlling air supply in the bypass air supply pipeline; the bypass pressure-regulating normally-closed valve is used for regulating air pressure and flow in the bypass air supply pipeline.
3. The sand blasting equipment for the aircraft engine sand swallowing test according to the claim 2, wherein the sand and dust metering component comprises a sand and dust metering device, the sand and dust metering device comprises a sand cylinder, a sand and dust metering shifting sheet arranged in the sand cylinder and a collecting pipe which is simultaneously connected with the sand cylinder and a main pipeline air supply pipeline,
the sand cylinder is of a vertical cylindrical structure, the volume of the sand cylinder is not less than the sand swallowing amount of one-stage test of the aircraft engine, an air inlet connected with a bypass air supply pipeline is arranged above the sand cylinder, a sand discharge port is arranged below the sand cylinder, and an observation window is arranged on the side edge of the sand cylinder;
the sand and dust metering poking sheet ensures that all the metered sand and dust enter the sand discharge port under the auxiliary action of ejecting air through centripetal force;
the collecting pipe is used for ensuring that the sand dust moves towards the sand dust mixing device.
4. The sand blasting apparatus for an aircraft engine sand swallowing test according to claim 3, wherein the sand dust metering assembly further comprises a sand cylinder pressure measuring point for measuring a sand cylinder pressure and a manifold pressure measuring point for measuring a manifold pressure.
5. The sand blasting equipment for the aircraft engine sand swallowing test according to claim 1, wherein the sand-dust mixing device comprises a straight section, a diversion trench and a plurality of uniformly distributed mixing device sand outlets, and the injection air continuously swirls in the straight section, so that the sand dust is effectively mixed with the injection air in the straight section after being collided and rebounded with the wall surface of the straight section for a plurality of times, and then is discharged through the diversion trench and the mixing device sand outlets.
6. The sand blasting apparatus for an aircraft engine sand swallowing test according to claim 1, wherein the sand nozzle is a straight nozzle connected to the sand mixing device through a hose, and the plurality of sand nozzles are arranged uniformly.
7. The method for calibrating blasting apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 6,
the method comprises the following steps:
s1: inspecting the reliability of the sand blasting equipment;
s2: calibrating the sand concentration at the inlet of the engine;
s3: and (4) calibrating the inlet uniformity of the engine.
8. The method for calibrating sand blasting equipment for an aircraft engine sand swallowing test according to claim 7, wherein the reliability check in S1 is performed under the condition that no jet air is supplied to the manifold, no sand dust is loaded in the sand cylinder, and no jet air is supplied.
9. The method for calibrating the sand blasting equipment for the aircraft engine sand swallowing test according to the claim 8, wherein the step S1 is as follows:
s1.1: starting a sand and dust metering device, measuring and recording the position of a sand and dust calculation shifting sheet, calculating the actual feeding distance of the sand and dust metering shifting sheet within 1 hour, and calculating the sand and dust metering precision of the sand blasting equipment by combining the theoretical feeding distance of the sand and dust metering shifting sheet within 1 hour;
s1.2: acquiring and curing all precondition parameters of the sand-dust metering precision of the sand-blasting equipment meeting the requirement;
s1.3: monitoring and controlling all precondition parameters of the sand and dust metering precision of the sand blasting equipment to meet the requirements in real time;
s1.4: repeat S1.1-S1.3 at least 10 times.
10. The method for calibrating the sand blasting equipment for the aircraft engine sand swallowing test according to the claim 8, wherein the step of S2 is as follows:
s2.1: connecting outlets of a plurality of sand-dust nozzles to the same large sand-dust bag, weighing and recording the weight of the large sand-dust bag;
s2.2: after injecting air with the air flow rate not less than 11m/s is supplied to the collecting pipe and sand dust is loaded in the sand cylinder, observing a sand cylinder pressure measuring point and a collecting pipe pressure measuring point, and supplying injecting air into the sand cylinder to enable the pressure of the sand cylinder to be higher than the pressure of the collecting pipe;
s2.3: acquiring the current ambient atmospheric humidity, weighing the weight of the big sand bag after starting the sand metering device for 1 hour, and calculating to obtain the actual sand swallowing amount of the test engine for 1 hour;
s2.4: calculating to obtain the air flow under the current ambient atmospheric temperature according to the acquired air flow under the sand swallowing state of the engine participating in the test and in combination with the acquired current ambient atmospheric temperature;
s2.5: combining the actual sand swallowing amount of the 1-hour test engine obtained in the step S2.3 and the air flow at the current ambient atmospheric temperature obtained by calculation in the step S2.4 to calculate the sand-dust concentration at the inlet of the engine, and obtaining and solidifying all prepositive conditions that the sand-dust concentration at the inlet of the engine meets the requirements;
s2.6: and repeating S2.3-S2.5 for at least 10 times, and evaluating the accuracy and reliability of the method for calculating the sand dust concentration at the inlet of the engine in real time.
11. The method for calibrating the sand blasting equipment for the aircraft engine sand swallowing test according to the claim 8, wherein the step S3 is as follows:
s3.1: connecting the outlet of the single sand-dust nozzle to the small sand-dust bag, weighing and recording the weight of the small sand-dust bag;
s3.2: after injecting air with the air flow rate not less than 11m/s is supplied to the collecting pipe and sand dust is loaded in the sand cylinder, observing a sand cylinder pressure measuring point and a collecting pipe pressure measuring point, and supplying injecting air into the sand cylinder to enable the pressure of the sand cylinder to be higher than the pressure of the collecting pipe;
s3.3: acquiring the current ambient atmospheric humidity, weighing the weight of the small sand-dust bag after starting the sand-dust metering device for 1 hour, and calculating to obtain the actual sand blasting amount of a single sand-dust nozzle in a 1-hour test;
s4: combining the pneumatic characteristic of a single sand-dust nozzle and the layout of a plurality of sand-dust nozzles, measuring the uniformity of sand-dust at the inlet of the engine, and acquiring and curing all precondition parameters that the uniformity of sand-dust at the inlet of the engine meets the requirement;
s3.5: and repeating S3.3-S3.4 for at least 10 times, and evaluating the accuracy and reliability of the method for calculating the sand dust concentration at the inlet of the engine in real time.
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