CN115181898B - 1280 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel and rapid heat treatment manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

1280 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel and rapid heat treatment manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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CN115181898B
CN115181898B CN202110360562.7A CN202110360562A CN115181898B CN 115181898 B CN115181898 B CN 115181898B CN 202110360562 A CN202110360562 A CN 202110360562A CN 115181898 B CN115181898 B CN 115181898B
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alloy
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CN115181898A (en
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李俊
刘赓
王健
王超
陈云鹏
刘益民
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Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202110360562.7A priority Critical patent/CN115181898B/en
Priority to US18/551,266 priority patent/US20240167130A1/en
Priority to EP22779091.2A priority patent/EP4317511A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2022/084518 priority patent/WO2022206911A1/en
Priority to JP2023560448A priority patent/JP2024513209A/en
Priority to KR1020237032119A priority patent/KR20230166081A/en
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    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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Abstract

A1280 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel and a rapid heat treatment manufacturing method thereof, wherein the steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.16 to 0.23 percent of C, 1.4 to 2.0 percent of Si, 2.4 to 3.0 percent of Mn, 0.006 to 0.016 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.002 percent of S, 0.02 to 0.05 percent of Al, and one or two of Cr, mo, nb, V, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Cr+Mo+Ti+Nb+V, and the balance of Fe and other unavoidable impurities. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: smelting, casting, hot rolling, cold rolling and rapid heat treatment; the whole process of the rapid heat treatment is 71-186 s. According to the invention, by controlling the rapid heating, short-time and rapid cooling processes in the rapid heat treatment process, the recovery, recrystallization and austenite transformation processes of a deformed structure are changed, the nucleation rate (including the recrystallization nucleation rate and the austenite transformation nucleation rate) is increased, the grain growth time is shortened, the grains are refined, the heat treatment efficiency is improved, the mechanical property of the material is improved, and the material property interval range is expanded.

Description

1280 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel and rapid heat treatment manufacturing method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rapid heat treatment of materials, and particularly relates to 1280 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel and a rapid heat treatment manufacturing method thereof.
Background
With the gradual increase of people's awareness of energy saving and material safety service, the use of high-strength steel, especially advanced high-strength steel, is increasing, which makes the development of advanced high-strength steel increasingly important for iron and steel enterprises and scientific research institutions. In order to further increase the strength-to-plastic product of steel products, development of third generation advanced high strength steels typified by Q & P (Quenching and Partitioning, quenching and redistribution of carbon) steels is increasingly gaining attention.
The Q & P heat treatment process is a novel continuous heat treatment process technology proposed by Speer et al in the beginning of the 21 st century, and mainly comprises four steps:
firstly, heating the strip steel to austenitizing temperature and preserving heat;
second, rapidly cooling the sample to M s ～M f A certain temperature in the two phases is adopted to obtain a two-phase structure mainly comprising martensite and residual austenite;
third, heat the strip steel to not higher than M s The carbon element is dispersed and distributed from supersaturated martensite to austenite, the carbon content and hardness in the martensite are reduced, the plasticity is improved, and the carbon content and the stability of the austenite are improved;
Fourth, cooling to room temperature, in which if the stability of the retained austenite is insufficient, part of the austenite will be transformed into martensite, and the amount of retained austenite obtained at room temperature will be reduced.
Q & P steel is essentially a martensitic steel, but it differs from conventional tempered martensitic steel in that the plasticity of Q & P steel is greatly improved at the same strength as tempered martensitic steel. This is due to the presence of retained austenite in the structure of the Q & P steel, which is transformed into martensite during deformation, producing the so-called TRIP effect, which greatly improves the plasticity of the steel.
At present, two development means aiming at Q & P technology are provided, namely, the inhibition capability of alloy elements in steel on carbide precipitation is improved by adding the alloy elements; secondly, optimizing the process, and changing the structural performance of the Q & P steel by adjusting the temperature and time of the quenching and partitioning process in the Q & P process.
U.S. patent 2003/027825 proposes a general procedure for Q & P steel production and limits the austenitizing process to be carried out at high temperatures, the material structure needs to be fully austenitized, the temperature is too high (850-950 ℃) for the actual production process, and the time is long (usually the austenitizing process of the steel plate needs to be kept for 2-5 min), the equipment requirement is high, and the manufacturing cost is also high.
Chinese patent CN103667884B discloses a method for preparing 1400MPa grade cold-rolled ultrahigh strength automotive steel with low yield ratio and high elongation, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.14 to 0.16 percent of C, 1.31 to 1.51 percent of Si, 2.7 to 2.9 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.009 percent of P, 0.11 to 0.51 percent of Al, 0.005 to 0.02 percent of RE, and the balance of Fe and other unavoidable impurity elements. The steel is mainly characterized in that high Mn and rare earth elements are added, mn element segregation is reduced, a certain amount of metastable austenite structure is obtained through a traditional continuous annealing process, the tensile strength is more than 1400MPa, the yield strength is 500-900MPa, the elongation is more than 8%, and the yield ratio is 0.4-0.6.
Chinese patent CN102925799a discloses a method for producing ultra-high strength steel, and the invention steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.21 to 0.24 percent of C, 0.45 to 0.55 percent of Si, 1.4 to 1.46 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of S, 0.03 to 0.06 percent of Al, 0.02 to 0.03 percent of Nb, 0.05 to 0.06 percent of V, 0.035 to 0.05 percent of Ti, 0.25 to 0.35 percent of Mo, 0.0017 to 0.0022 percent of B, and the balance of Fe and other unavoidable impurities. The yield strength of the obtained steel plate is about 1300MPa, the tensile strength is about 1378MPa, and the elongation after breaking is about 11%. The steel is mainly characterized in that high alloy content is added, high C element and high micro-alloy element are added, and Mo element is added at the same time. The annealing temperature is as high as 910-930 ℃ through the traditional continuous annealing process, and the manufacturing cost and the manufacturing equipment are required.
Chinese patent CN105543674B discloses a method for manufacturing cold-rolled ultra-high strength dual-phase steel with high local formability, and the high strength dual-phase steel of the invention comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c:0.08 to 0.12 percent of Si:0.1 to 0.5 percent of Mn:1.5 to 2.5 percent of Al:0.015 to 0.05 percent, and the balance of Fe and other unavoidable impurities. Selecting raw materials for the chemical components, and smelting the raw materials into casting blanks; heating the casting blank at 1150-1250 ℃ for 1.5-2 hours, and then carrying out hot rolling, wherein the hot rolling start temperature is 1080-1150 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 880-930 ℃; cooling to 450-620 ℃ at a cooling rate of 50-200 ℃/s after rolling, and coiling to obtain a hot rolled steel plate taking bainite as a main structure type; and (3) cold rolling the hot-rolled steel plate, heating to 740-820 ℃ at a speed of 50-300 ℃/s for annealing, keeping the temperature for 30s-3min, cooling to 620-680 ℃ at a cooling speed of 2-6 ℃/s, and then performing overaging treatment for 3-5min at a cooling speed of 30-100 ℃/s to 250-350 ℃ to obtain the ferrite-martensite dual-phase structure ultra-high strength dual-phase steel. The yield strength of the ultra-high strength dual-phase steel is 650-680MPa, the tensile strength is 1023-1100MPa, the elongation is 12.3-13%, and the steel is not cracked when being bent at 180 degrees along the rolling direction.
The main characteristic of the patent is that the control of cooling condition after hot rolling is combined with the rapid heating in the continuous annealing process, namely, the strip-shaped structure is eliminated by controlling the cooling process after hot rolling, so as to realize the homogenization of the structure; and rapid heating is adopted in the subsequent continuous annealing process, so that the tissue refinement is realized on the basis of ensuring the tissue uniformity. The patent technology can be seen to adopt rapid heating annealing, and the premise is that hot rolling is carried out to obtain a hot rolling raw material taking bainite as a main structure, so that the aim is to ensure the uniformity of the structure and avoid the defect of local deformation caused by the occurrence of a strip structure.
The disadvantages of this patent are mainly:
firstly, to obtain a hot rolled raw material with a bainite structure, the hot rolled raw material has high strength and large deformation resistance, and great difficulty is brought to subsequent pickling and cold rolling production;
secondly, the understanding of the rapid heating is limited to shortening the heating time and refining the grain level, the heating rate is not divided according to the material organization structure change of different temperature sections, and the rapid heating is carried out at the speed of 50-300 ℃/s, so that the rapid heating production cost is increased;
thirdly, soaking time is 30s-3min, and the increase of soaking time necessarily partially weakens the grain refining effect generated by rapid heating, which is unfavorable for improving the strength and toughness of the material;
Fourth, the patent must be over-aged for 3-5 minutes, which is in fact too long for rapid heat treatment of DP steel, and is not necessary. The increase of soaking time and overaging time is not beneficial to saving energy, reducing the investment of unit equipment and the occupied area of the unit, and is not beneficial to the high-speed stable operation of strip steel in a furnace, and obviously, the method is not a rapid heat treatment process in a strict sense.
Chinese patent 201711385126.5 discloses 780 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy TRIP steel, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.16-0.22%, si:1.2-1.6%, mn:1.6-2.2%, the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurity elements, obtained by a rapid thermal treatment process comprising: the strip steel is rapidly heated to an austenite and ferrite two-phase region at the temperature of 790 ℃ to 830 ℃ from room temperature, and the heating rate is 40 ℃ to 300 ℃/s; the residence time of the heating target temperature interval in the two-phase region is 60s-100s; the strip steel is rapidly cooled to 410-430 ℃ from the temperature of the two-phase region, the cooling speed is 40-100 ℃/s, and the strip steel stays for 200-300s in the temperature region; the strip steel is rapidly cooled from 410-430 ℃ to room temperature. The method is characterized in that: the TRIP steel metallographic structure is a bainitic, ferritic and austenitic three-phase structure; the average grain size of the TRIP steel is obviously refined; tensile strength is 950-1050 MPa; the elongation rate is 21-24%; the maximum product of strong plastic can reach 24GPa percent.
The deficiencies of this patent are mainly the following:
firstly, the patent discloses a 780 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy TRIP steel product and a process technology thereof, but the tensile strength of the TRIP steel product is 950-1050 MPa, the tensile strength of the TRIP steel product is 780 MPa-level, the use effect of a user cannot be good, the tensile strength of the TRIP steel product is 980 MPa-level, and the strength requirement of the user cannot be well met;
secondly, the patent adopts one-section rapid heating, the same rapid heating rate is adopted in the whole heating temperature interval, and the rapid heating is carried out at a speed of 40-300 ℃/s without distinguishing treatment according to the material tissue structure change of different temperature sections, so that the production cost of the rapid heating process is necessarily increased;
thirdly, the soaking time of the patent is set to be 60-100s, which is similar to that of the traditional continuous annealing, and the increase of the soaking time necessarily partially weakens the grain refining effect generated by rapid heating, which is very unfavorable for improving the strength and toughness of the material;
fourth, the patent must be subjected to a bainite isothermal treatment time of 200-300 seconds, which is practically too long for a rapid thermal treatment product to function as intended, and is unnecessary. The increase of soaking time and isothermal treatment time is not beneficial to saving energy, reducing the investment of unit equipment and the occupied area of the unit, and is not beneficial to the high-speed stable operation of strip steel in a furnace, and obviously, the method is not a rapid heat treatment process in a strict sense.
Chinese patent CN107794357B and US patent US2019/0153558A1 discloses a method for producing an ultra-high strength martensitic cold-rolled steel plate by an ultra-rapid heating process, wherein the high strength dual-phase steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c:0.10 to 0.30 percent of Mn:0.5 to 2.5 percent of Si:0.05 to 0.3 percent of Mo:0.05 to 0.3 percent of Ti:0.01 to 0.04 percent of Cr:0.10 to 0.3 percent, B: 0.001-0.004%, P is less than or equal to 0.02%, S is less than or equal to 0.02%, and the balance is Fe and other unavoidable impurities. Mechanical properties of the dual-phase steel: yield strength Rp 0.2 More than 1100MPa, tensile strength R m =1800-2300 MPa, elongation is maximum 12.3%, uniform elongation is 5.5-6%. The invention provides an ultra-fast heating production process of an ultra-high strength martensitic cold-rolled steel plate, which is characterized in that firstly, the cold-rolled steel plate is heated to 300-500 ℃ at a speed of 1-10 ℃/s, and then is reheated to a single-phase austenite region of 850-950 ℃ at a heating speed of 100-500 ℃/s; and then, immediately cooling the steel plate to room temperature after heat preservation is not more than 5 seconds, and obtaining the ultra-high strength cold-rolled steel plate.
The disadvantages of the process described in this patent include:
firstly, the annealing temperature of the steel of the invention is in the ultra-high temperature range of an austenite single-phase region, and the steel also contains more alloy elements, and the yield strength and the tensile strength are both more than 1000MPa, so that great difficulties are brought to the heat treatment of the process, the manufacture of the working procedure before the heat treatment and the subsequent use of users;
Secondly, the ultra-rapid heating and annealing method disclosed by the invention adopts the heat preservation time of not more than 5 seconds, so that not only is the controllability of the heating temperature poor, but also the uneven distribution of alloy elements in a final product is caused, and the uneven and unstable structure performance of the product is caused;
thirdly, the final quick cooling adopts water quenching to cool to room temperature, and necessary tempering treatment is not carried out, so that the obtained final product has the structure property and the alloy element distribution condition in the final structure, the product cannot obtain the optimal toughness, the final product has excessive strength and insufficient plasticity and toughness;
fourth, the method of the invention causes problems of poor plate shape and surface oxidation of the steel plate due to the excessively high water quenching speed, so the patent technology has no high practical application value or has low practical application value.
The prior researches on cold rolling Q & P steel products and annealing technology are based on the heating rate (5-20 ℃/s) of the prior industrial equipment to slowly heat the strip steel, so that the strip steel is subjected to recrystallization and austenitizing phase transformation in sequence, the heating and soaking time is longer, the energy consumption is high, the number of rollers of the strip steel in a high-temperature furnace section is more and the like in the conventional continuous annealing production line, the conventional continuous annealing unit generally has the soaking time of 1-3 min according to the product outline and the productivity requirement, and the number of rollers in the high-temperature furnace section is generally 20-40 different for the conventional production line with the unit speed of about 180 meters/minute, so that the difficulty in controlling the surface quality of the strip steel is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide 1280 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel and a rapid heat treatment manufacturing method thereof, which change the recovery, recrystallization and austenite phase transformation processes of a deformed structure through rapid heat treatment, increase nucleation rate (comprising recrystallization nucleation rate and austenite phase transformation nucleation rate), shorten grain growth time, refine grains, improve residual austenite content and further improve material strength and plasticity; the yield strength is 754-1112 MPa, the tensile strength is 1235-1350 MPa, the elongation is 19-22.2%, the strength-plastic product is 24.8-28.97 GPa, so that the material has good toughness matching, and the user performances of forming, welding and the like of the material are improved; meanwhile, the rapid heat treatment process is adopted to improve the production efficiency and reduce the alloy content in the same grade steel, thereby reducing the production cost and the manufacturing difficulty of the working procedure before heat treatment, obviously reducing the number of furnace rollers and improving the surface quality.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
1280 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.16 to 0.23 percent, si:1.4 to 2.0 percent, mn:2.4 to 3.0 percent, ti: 0.006-0.016%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.002%, al: 0.02-0.05%, and may further contain one or two of Cr, mo, nb, V, wherein Cr+Mo+Ti+Nb+V is less than or equal to 0.5%, and the balance is Fe and other unavoidable impurities, and is obtained by the following process:
1) Smelting and casting
Smelting and casting the steel into a slab according to the chemical components;
2) Hot rolling and coiling
The coiling temperature is 550-680 ℃;
3) Cold rolling
The cold rolling reduction rate is 40-85%;
4) Rapid thermal treatment
The cold rolled steel plate is quickly heated to 770-845 ℃, and the quick heating is one-section or two-section; the heating rate is 50-500 ℃ per second when one-stage rapid heating is adopted, and the first stage is heated to 550-625 ℃ from room temperature at the heating rate of 15-500 ℃ per second and the second stage is heated to 770-845 ℃ from 550-625 ℃ at the heating rate of 50-500 ℃ per second when two-stage rapid heating is adopted; soaking at 770-845 deg.c for 10-60 s;
slowly cooling to 700-770 ℃ at a cooling rate of 5-15 ℃/s after soaking, then rapidly cooling to 230-280 ℃ at a cooling rate of 50-200 ℃/s, preserving heat for 2-10 s in the temperature interval, and then reheating to 300-470 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-30 ℃/s for tempering treatment, wherein the tempering time is 10-60 s; and cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 30-100 ℃/s after tempering.
Preferably, the C content is 0.18 to 0.21%.
Preferably, the Si content is 1.6 to 1.8%.
Preferably, the Mn content is 2.6 to 2.8%.
Preferably, in step 2), the hot rolling temperature is not less than A r3 。
Preferably, in the step 2), the winding temperature is 580 to 650 ℃.
Preferably, in step 3), the cold rolling reduction is 60 to 80%.
Preferably, the whole rapid heat treatment process is 71-186 s.
Preferably, the heating rate in the step 1) is 50-300 ℃/s when the rapid heating is performed by adopting one-stage heating.
Preferably, the step 1) of rapid heating adopts two-stage heating: the first section is heated from room temperature to 550-625 ℃ at a heating rate of 15-300 ℃/s; the second section is heated from 550 to 625 ℃ to 770 to 845 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 to 300 ℃/s.
Preferably, the step 1) of rapid heating adopts two-stage heating: the first section is heated from room temperature to 550-625 ℃ at a heating rate of 30-300 ℃/s; the second section is heated from 550 to 625 ℃ to 770 to 845 ℃ at a heating rate of 80 to 300 ℃/s.
Preferably, in step 4), the steel strip or sheet is rapidly cooled from 700 to 770 ℃ to 230 to 280 ℃ at a cooling rate of 50 to 150 ℃/s.
The metallographic structure of the Q & P steel is a multiphase structure of 80-90% of martensite, 10-20% of retained austenite and 3-5% of ferrite, the matrix structure is uniformly distributed, obvious lamellar tempered martensite appears, the grain size is 1-3 mu m, evenly distributed ferrite phases are arranged around the martensite reinforced phase grains, and the martensite reinforced phase grains are mainly in lamellar structure.
The austenite in the metallographic structure of the Q & P steel has good heat stability, the transformation rate of the austenite at 50 ℃ below zero is lower than 8%, and the transformation rate of the austenite at 190 ℃ below zero is lower than 30%.
The Q & P steel of the invention has the yield strength of 754-1112 MPa, the tensile strength of 1281-1350 MPa, the elongation of 19-22.2% and the strength-plastic product of 24.8-28.97 GPa%.
In the composition and process design of the steel of the invention:
c: carbon is the most common strengthening element in steel, and carbon increases the strength and decreases the plasticity of steel, but for steel for forming, low yield strength, high uniform elongation and total elongation are required, so that the carbon content is not excessively high. There are two ways in which carbon exists in the steel: ferrite and cementite. The carbon content has great influence on the mechanical properties of the steel, the number of reinforcing phases such as martensite, pearlite and the like can be increased along with the increase of the carbon content, so that the strength and the hardness of the steel are greatly improved, but the plasticity and the toughness of the steel are obviously reduced, if the carbon content is too high, obvious netlike carbide appears in the steel, the existence of the netlike carbide obviously reduces the strength, the plasticity and the toughness of the steel, the reinforcing effect generated by the increase of the carbon content in the steel is also obviously weakened, the technological properties of the steel are deteriorated, and the carbon content is reduced as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the strength.
For Q & P steel, the carbon element is one of the most effective strengthening elements of a martensitic matrix, is dissolved in austenite in a solid manner, enlarges an austenite phase region, greatly improves the stability of austenite, makes a transformation C curve of pearlite and bainite right-shift, delays the transformation of pearlite and bainite, and reduces the Ms point temperature. Too low carbon content reduces the stability of the retained austenite, and too high carbon content causes twinning in martensite, which reduces the plasticity, toughness and weldability of the steel. The carbon content is limited to the range of 0.16 to 0.23% by comprehensively considering the patent.
Mn: manganese can form solid solution with iron, so that the strength and hardness of ferrite and austenite in carbon steel are improved, finer pearlite with higher strength is obtained in the cooling process of steel after hot rolling, and the content of pearlite is increased along with the increase of Mn content. Manganese is also a carbide forming element, and the carbide of manganese can be dissolved into the carbon cementite, so that the strength of strengthening phases such as martensite, pearlite and the like is indirectly enhanced. Manganese can also strongly enhance the hardenability of the steel, further increasing its strength.
For Q & P steel, the addition of manganese element can reduce the martensite transformation temperature Ms, increase the content of residual austenite, improve the stability of the residual austenite, and the influence of manganese element on the toughness of the steel is small. However, when the manganese content is high, the steel grains tend to coarsen, and the overheat sensitivity of the steel increases, and when cooling is improper after the smelting and casting and hot rolling, white spots tend to occur in the carbon steel. The invention limits the manganese content to be in the range of 2.4-3.0%.
Si: silicon forms a solid solution in ferrite or austenite, thereby enhancing the yield strength and tensile strength of the steel, and silicon can increase the cold work deformation hardening rate of the steel. In addition, silicon has obvious enrichment phenomenon on the surface of the crystal boundary of the silicon-manganese steel, and the segregation of silicon at the crystal boundary position can slow down the distribution of carbon and phosphorus along the crystal boundary, thereby improving the embrittlement state of the crystal boundary. Silicon can improve the strength, hardness and wear resistance of steel, and the plasticity of the steel can not be obviously reduced in a certain range. The capability of silicon deoxidation is strong, and the silicon is a deoxidizer commonly used in steelmaking, and can also increase the fluidity of molten steel, so that the common steel contains silicon, but when the silicon content in the steel is too high, the plasticity and toughness of the steel can be obviously reduced. For Q & P steel:
first, silicon element is a non-carbide forming element, has extremely low solubility in carbide, and can suppress Fe during QP steel isothermal process 3 C, forming, namely, enabling unconverted austenite to be rich in carbon, so that the stability of the austenite is greatly improved, and the austenite can be kept at room temperature;
secondly, the silicon element is a ferrite forming element, so that the stability of the residual austenite can be improved, the effect of solid solution strengthening is achieved, and the strength of the steel is improved;
Third, the silicon element has the effect of reducing the austenite phase region and improving the activity of the C element in ferrite.
Higher silicon content is advantageous for obtaining more retained austenite, but too high silicon content causes the steel to develop a hard oxide layer, poor surface properties, and reduced wettability and surface quality of the hot rolled steel sheet. Silicon has no obvious influence on the growth rate of austenite, but has obvious influence on the form and distribution of austenite, and the increase of the silicon content increases the manufacturing difficulty of the working procedure before heat treatment; the invention limits the silicon content to be in the range of 1.4-2.0%.
Ti: ti is a microalloy element, belongs to ferrite forming elements of a closed gamma zone, can improve the critical point of steel, and Ti and C in the steel can form very stable TiC, so that the TiC is extremely difficult to dissolve in the austenitizing temperature range of common heat treatment. Since TiC particles refine austenite grains, the chance of nucleation of new phases increases during the decomposition transformation of austenite, which accelerates the transformation of austenite. In addition, ti can form TiC and TiN precipitated phases with C and N, and the TiC and TiN precipitated phases are more stable than carbon nitrides of Nb and V, so that the diffusion speed of C in austenite is obviously reduced, the formation speed of the austenite is greatly reduced, and the formed carbon nitrides precipitate in a matrix and are pinned at the grain boundary of the austenite to prevent the growth of austenite grains. During the cooling process, the precipitated TiC has a precipitation strengthening effect; in the tempering process, ti slows down the diffusion of C in alpha phase, slows down the precipitation and growth of carbide such as Fe, mn and the like, increases tempering stability, and can play a secondary hardening role by precipitating TiC. The high temperature strength of the steel can be improved by micro-alloying of Ti. On one hand, the strength and the welding performance of the steel can be improved while the equivalent carbon content is reduced by adding a trace amount of Ti into the steel; on the other hand, impurities such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, etc. are fixed, thereby improving the weldability of the steel; secondly, due to the action of microscopic particles, such as undissolved TiN at high temperature, coarsening of grains in a heat affected zone can be prevented, and toughness of the heat affected zone can be improved, so that welding performance of steel can be improved. In the present invention, ti element is an advantageous and necessary additive element, and the addition amount is preferably 0.006 to 0.016% by taking into consideration factors such as cost increase and the like.
Cr: chromium has the main function of improving hardenability in steel, so that the steel has better comprehensive mechanical property after quenching and tempering. Chromium forms a continuous solid solution with iron, shrinking the austenite phase region, and chromium forms various carbides with carbon, with greater affinity than iron and manganese elements. Chromium and iron can form intermetallic compound sigma phase (FeCr), chromium reduces the concentration of carbon in pearlite and the limiting solubility of carbon in austenite; chromium slows down the decomposition speed of austenite and obviously improves the hardenability of steel. But also increases the temper embrittlement tendency of the steel. When other alloy elements are added, the chromium element has obvious effect of improving the strength and hardness of the steel. Cr improves the quenching ability of steel in air cooling, and thus has an adverse effect on the welding performance of steel. However, at a chromium content of less than 0.3%, the adverse effect on weldability is negligible; when the content is more than this, defects such as cracks and slag inclusion are likely to occur during welding. When Cr is present with other alloying elements (e.g., coexisting with V), the adverse effect of Cr on weldability is greatly reduced. If elements such as Cr, mo, V and the like are simultaneously present in the steel, even if the Cr content reaches 1.7%, the welding performance of the steel is not significantly adversely affected. The chromium element is beneficial and unnecessary, and the addition amount is not excessive in consideration of factors such as cost increase and the like.
Mo: the molybdenum element can inhibit self-diffusion of iron and diffusion rate of other elements. Mo atoms have larger radius than alpha-Fe atoms, so that when Mo is dissolved in alpha solid solution, the solid solution is subjected to strong lattice distortion, and meanwhile, mo can increase the bond attraction of lattice atoms and improve the recrystallization temperature of alpha ferrite. Mo has remarkable strengthening effect in pearlite, ferrite and martensite steels, and even in high alloy austenitic steels. The good effect of Mo in steel is also dependent on the interactions with other alloying elements in the steel. When the strong carbide forming elements V, nb and Ti are added into the steel, the solid solution strengthening effect of Mo is more remarkable. This is because when a strong carbide-forming element is combined with C to form a stable carbide, mo is promoted to be more effectively dissolved into solid solution, thereby more contributing to the improvement of the heat resistance of steel. The addition of Mo also increases the hardenability of the steel, but the effect is less pronounced than C and Cr. Mo suppresses transformation of pearlite area and accelerates transformation of medium temperature area, so that Mo-containing steel can form a certain amount of bainite even in case of a large cooling rate, and eliminates formation of ferrite, which is one of reasons why Mo has an advantageous effect on heat resistance of low alloy heat resistant steel. Mo also significantly reduces the hot embrittlement tendency of the steel and reduces the pearlite spheroidization speed. When the Mo content is 0.15% or less, there is no adverse effect on the weldability of the steel. The molybdenum element is beneficial and unnecessary, and the addition amount is not excessive in consideration of factors such as cost increase and the like.
Nb: nb element is a carbide and nitride forming element and can meet this requirement at relatively low concentrations. At normal temperature, most of the steel exists in the form of carbide, nitride and carbonitride, and a small part is solid-dissolved in ferrite. The addition of Nb can prevent austenite grains from growing up and increase the coarsening temperature of steel grains. Nb element and carbon form stable NbC, and the addition of trace Nb element into steel can improve the strength of the matrix by utilizing the precipitation strengthening effect. Nb has obvious inhibition effect on the growth of ferrite recrystallization and austenite grain growth, can refine grains and improve the strength and toughness of steel; nb element can affect the mobility of grain boundaries and also has an effect on phase transformation behavior and carbide formation. Nb can raise the content of carbon in the residual austenite, prevent the formation of bainite, promote the nucleation of martensite, obtain a dispersed martensitic structure, improve the stability of the residual austenite, and improve the strength of the dual-phase steel by adding Nb element, so that the dual-phase steel with certain strength can be obtained under the conditions of low content of martensite and low C content, and the toughness of the dual-phase steel is improved; an additional benefit of adding Nb element at the same time is that the strength of the steel can be improved over a wider annealing temperature range. In the invention, nb is an advantageous and unnecessary additive element, and the addition amount is not excessive in consideration of factors such as cost increase and the like.
Microalloy element V: v is a ferrite stabilizing element and is a strong carbide forming element, has a strong grain refining effect, and can compact the structure of steel. The addition of V to the steel results in the steel having improved strength, plasticity and toughness. Vanadium can also improve the high temperature strength of structural steels. Vanadium does not improve hardenability. The micro-alloying element V is added into the steel, so that the steel can be ensured to have good weldability and other service performances under the condition of lower carbon equivalent by the dispersion precipitation of carbon and nitride particles (the size is smaller than 5 nm) and the solid solution of V, the crystal grains are refined, the strength and toughness of the steel are greatly improved, and particularly the low-temperature toughness is improved. On one hand, the strength and the welding performance of the steel can be improved while the equivalent carbon content is reduced by adding a trace amount of V into the steel; on the other hand, impurities such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, etc. are fixed, thereby improving the weldability of the steel; secondly, due to the effect of microscopic particles, such as the undissolved property of V (CN) at high temperature, the coarsening of grains in a heat affected zone can be prevented, and the toughness of the heat affected zone is improved, so that the welding performance of steel is improved. The microalloy elements are beneficial and unnecessary, and the addition amount is not excessive in consideration of factors such as cost increase and the like.
The invention finely controls the recovery, recrystallization and phase change processes of the deformed structure of the hard rolled strip steel in the heat treatment process by a rapid heat treatment method (comprising rapid heating, short-time temperature and rapid cooling processes), and finally obtains all the structure structures which are fine, uniform and distributed in a dispersing way and good strong plastic matching.
The concrete principle is as follows: different heating rates are adopted at different temperature stages in the heating process, recovery of deformed tissues mainly occurs at a low-temperature stage, and relatively low heating rate can be adopted to reduce energy consumption; the high temperature section mainly causes recrystallization and grain growth of different phase structures, and a relatively high heating rate is required to shorten the residence time of the structures in a high temperature section so as to ensure grain refinement. The recovery of the deformed structure and the ferrite recrystallization process in the heating process are restrained by controlling the heating rate in the heating process, so that the recrystallization process is overlapped with the austenite transformation process, nucleation points of recrystallized grains and austenite grains are increased, and the grains are refined finally. The time for grain growth in the soaking process is shortened by short-time heat preservation and rapid cooling, and fine and uniform grain structure distribution is ensured.
In the heat treatment process disclosed in chinese patent CN107794357B and US patent US2019/0153558A1, although the heating process is also staged: heating to 300-500 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-10 ℃/s, heating to 850-950 ℃ in a single-phase austenite region at a heating rate of 100-500 ℃/s, preserving heat for not more than 5s, and quenching to room temperature. The treatment method requires that the steel plate must be heated to a high temperature region of single-phase austenite, which increases the high temperature resistance requirement of equipment and increases the manufacturing difficulty, and meanwhile, the method adopts a water cooling mode, although the cooling speed is extremely high, the growth time of a grain structure in the high temperature region can be greatly reduced, but uneven distribution of alloy elements in a final product is inevitably brought, the structural performance of the product is uneven and unstable, and the excessive water quenching speed also causes a series of problems of poor plate shape, surface oxidation and the like of the steel plate.
Only by comprehensively controlling the whole heat treatment process: the method comprises the steps of rapid heating (heating speed is controlled by sections), short-time soaking and rapid cooling, so that the optimal grain size, the uniform distribution of alloy elements and phase structures can be obtained through fine control, and finally the optimal obdurability matching product is obtained.
The main phase structure of the Q & P steel obtained by the rapid heat treatment method is martensite (the volume fraction accounts for 80-90%) and retained austenite (the volume fraction accounts for 10-20%), and meanwhile, the Q & P steel contains a very small amount of ferrite (the volume fraction accounts for 3-5%), so that the Q & P steel strictly has a multiphase structure, the matrix structure is uniformly distributed, obvious lamellar tempered martensite appears, the grain size is 1-3 mu m, evenly distributed ferrite phases exist around the grains of the martensite strengthening phase, and the grains of the martensite strengthening phase are mainly in lamellar structure.
The invention relates to a rapid heat treatment manufacturing method of 1280 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel, which comprises the following steps:
1) Smelting and casting
Smelting and casting the steel into a slab according to the chemical components;
2) Hot rolling and coiling
The coiling temperature is 550-680 ℃;
3) Cold rolling
The cold rolling reduction rate is 40-85%, and the rolled hard strip steel or steel plate is obtained;
4) Rapid thermal treatment
a) Rapid heating
Rapidly heating cold-rolled strip steel or steel plate from room temperature to 770-845 ℃ austenite and ferrite two-phase region target temperature; the rapid heating is carried out in a one-section or two-section mode, the heating rate is 50-500 ℃/s when the one-section rapid heating is adopted, the first section is heated to 550-625 ℃ from room temperature at the heating rate of 15-500 ℃/s when the two-section rapid heating is adopted, and the second section is heated to 770-845 ℃ from 550-625 ℃ at the heating rate of 50-500 ℃/s;
b) Soaking heat
Soaking in the target temperature 770-845 deg.c range of austenite and ferrite two-phase region for 10-60 s;
c) Cooling
After soaking, slowly cooling the strip steel or the steel plate to 700-770 ℃ at a cooling rate of 5-15 ℃/s, then rapidly cooling the strip steel or the steel plate to 230-280 ℃ at a cooling rate of 50-200 ℃/s, and preserving heat for 2-10 s in the temperature interval;
d) Tempering
After the heat preservation is finished, the strip steel or the steel plate is reheated to 300-470 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-30 ℃/s for tempering treatment, and the tempering time is 10-60 s;
e) And after tempering, cooling the strip steel or the steel plate to room temperature at a cooling rate of 30-100 ℃/s.
Preferably, in the step 2), the hot rolling temperature is equal to or higher than Ar 3 。
Preferably, in the step 2), the winding temperature is 580 to 650 ℃.
Preferably, in step 3), the cold rolling reduction is 60 to 80%.
Preferably, the time for the whole rapid heat treatment is 71-186 s.
Preferably, the heating rate is 50-300 ℃/s when the rapid heating adopts one-stage heating.
Preferably, the rapid heating adopts two-section heating, wherein the first section is heated to 550-625 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 15-300 ℃/s; the second section is heated from 550 to 625 ℃ to 770 to 845 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 to 300 ℃/s.
Preferably, the rapid heating adopts two-section heating, wherein the first section is heated to 550-625 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 30-300 ℃/s; the second section is heated from 550 to 625 ℃ to 770 to 845 ℃ at a heating rate of 80 to 300 ℃/s.
Preferably, the rapid heating final temperature is 790 to 845 ℃.
Preferably, in the soaking process of the step 4), after the strip steel or the steel plate is heated to the target temperature of the austenite and ferrite two-phase region, the soaking is carried out while keeping the temperature unchanged, and the soaking time is 10-40 s.
Preferably, in the soaking process of the step 4), the strip steel or the steel plate is heated or cooled in a small extent in the soaking time period, the temperature after heating is not more than 845 ℃, the temperature after cooling is not less than 770 ℃, and the soaking time is 10-40 s.
Preferably, in step 4), the steel strip or sheet is rapidly cooled from 700 to 770 ℃ to 230 to 280 ℃ at a cooling rate of 50 to 150 ℃/s.
The rapid heat treatment manufacturing method of 1280 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel comprises the following steps:
1. heating rate control
In general, under the condition of traditional slow heating, the deformed matrix is recovered, recrystallized and the grains grow up, and then ferrite phase transformation to austenite occurs, and the phase transformation nucleation is mainly performed at the ferrite grain boundary which grows up, so that the nucleation rate is low, and finally the obtained material structure grains are coarser. The recrystallization kinetics of a continuous heating process can be quantitatively described by a relationship affected by the heating rate, where the ferrite recrystallization volume fraction as a function of temperature T:
wherein X (t) is ferrite recrystallization volume fraction; n is Avrami index, is related to a phase change mechanism, and generally takes a value in a range of 1-4 depending on the decay period of the recrystallization nucleation rate; t is the heat treatment temperature; t (T) star Is the recrystallization onset temperature; beta is the heating rate; b (T) is obtained by the formula:
b＝b 0 exp(-Q/RT)
from the above formula and the related experimental data, it can be seen that the recrystallization onset temperature (T star ) End temperature (T) fin ) Are all raised; when the heating rate is above 50 ℃/s, the austenite transformation and recrystallization processes are overlapped, the recrystallization temperature is increased to the temperature of the two-phase region, and the faster the heating rate is, the higher the ferrite recrystallization temperature is.
Under the condition of rapid heating, the deformed matrix does not complete recrystallization (even does not fully recover) or just complete recrystallization, and the phase transformation from ferrite to austenite starts to occur. Particularly, after the ferrite recrystallization process and the austenite transformation process are overlapped, a large number of crystal defects such as dislocation and the like remain in deformed ferrite crystals at the part which is not completely recrystallized, a large number of nucleation points are provided for austenite, so that the nucleation of the austenite presents explosive nucleation, the austenite crystal grains are further refined, and the dislocation line defects with high density are also taken as channels for high-speed diffusion of carbon atoms, so that each austenite crystal grain can be quickly generated and grown up, and the volume fraction of the austenite is increased. The rapid heating process lays a good foundation for the transformation from austenite to martensite phase in the subsequent rapid cooling process.
The invention sets the heating rate of one-section type rapid heating to 50-500 ℃/s and adopts two-section type rapid heating to 15-500 ℃/s by comprehensively considering the effects of rapid heating and refining crystal grains, manufacturing cost, manufacturability and other factors.
Because the influence of rapid heating on the material recovery, recrystallization, grain growth and other tissue evolution processes is different in different temperature ranges, the optimal tissue control is obtained, so that the optimal heating rate is also different in different heating temperature ranges: the influence of the heating rate on the recovery process is maximum from 20 ℃ to 500-625 ℃, and the heating rate is controlled to be 15-300 ℃/s, and more preferably 30-300 ℃/s; the heating temperature is from 500 to 625 ℃ to 770 to 845 ℃ of austenitizing temperature, the heating rate has the greatest influence on the recrystallization nucleation, phase-change nucleation and grain growth process, and the heating rate is controlled to be 50 to 300 ℃/s; further preferably 80 to 300 ℃/s.
2. Soaking temperature control
The soaking temperature depends on the content of C, and is generally set at A in the traditional process C3 The temperature is 30-50 ℃, a large amount of dislocation is formed in ferrite by utilizing the rapid heating technology, and nucleation work is provided for austenite transformation, so that the temperature is only required to be heated to A C1 To A C3 Between them. The content of C in the Q & P steel is 0.16-0.23%, A C1 And A C3 About 730 ℃ and 870 ℃, respectively. The Q & P steel has a large amount of undissolved tiny evenly distributed carbide, can play a role of mechanical obstruction to the growth of austenite particles in the soaking process, is beneficial to refining the grain size of alloy steel, but can greatly reduce the number of undissolved carbide if the heating temperature is too highThe low level weakens the barrier, enhances the grain growth tendency and further reduces the strength of the steel. When the amount of undissolved carbide is too large, aggregation may be caused, resulting in uneven distribution of local chemical components, and when the carbon content at the aggregation site is too high, local overheating may be caused. Therefore, in ideal conditions, a small amount of fine granular undissolved carbide should be uniformly distributed in the alloy steel, so that not only can the abnormal growth of austenite grains be prevented, but also the content of each alloy element in the matrix can be correspondingly increased, and the aim of improving the mechanical properties such as strength, toughness and the like of the alloy steel is achieved.
The soaking temperature should be selected to obtain fine and uniform austenite grains, so as to achieve the final purpose of obtaining a martensite structure with a higher volume fraction and uniformity after cooling. The austenite grains are coarse due to the excessive soaking temperature, the workpiece is easy to crack in the quenching process, and the martensitic structure obtained after quenching is coarse, so that the mechanical property of the steel is poor; the amount of retained austenite in the Q & P steel is also reduced, reducing the hardness and wear resistance of the material. Too low soaking temperature can lead to insufficient content of carbon and alloy elements dissolved in austenite, uneven concentration distribution of austenite carbon, greatly reduced hardenability of steel and adverse effect on mechanical properties of steel. Soaking temperature of hypoeutectoid steel should be Ac 3 +30 to 50 ℃. In the case of ultra-high strength steel, the presence of carbide forming elements prevents transformation of carbides, so that soaking temperature can be properly increased. By combining the factors, 770-850 ℃ is selected as soaking temperature, so that more ideal and reasonable final organization is obtained.
3. Soaking time control
Because the invention adopts rapid heating, the material in the two-phase region contains a large number of dislocation, a large number of nucleation sites are provided for the formation of austenite, and a rapid diffusion channel is provided for carbon atoms, so that the austenite can be formed extremely rapidly, the shorter the soaking and heat preserving time is, the shorter the diffusion distance of the carbon atoms is, the larger the carbon concentration gradient in the austenite is, and finally the more the carbon content of the retained residual austenite is; however, if the heat preservation time is too short, the alloy elements in the steel are unevenly distributed, so that austenitization is insufficient; the austenite grains are easily coarse due to the long heat preservation time. The influence factor of soaking heat preservation time also depends on the content of carbon and alloy elements in steel, when the content of carbon and alloy elements in steel is increased, the heat conductivity of steel is reduced, and the alloy elements obviously delay the structural transformation of steel because the diffusion speed of the alloy elements is slower than that of the carbon elements, so that the heat preservation time is properly prolonged. In conclusion, the soaking and heat preserving time is set to be 10-60 s.
4. Fast cooling rate control
The rapid cooling process is controlled by combining comprehensive factors such as the evolution result of each structure, the diffusion distribution result of alloy and the like in the early heating and soaking processes, so that the ideal material structure with reasonable distribution of each phase structure and elements is finally obtained.
In order to obtain a martensite reinforced phase, the cooling speed of the material during quick cooling is required to be larger than the critical cooling speed to obtain a martensite structure, and the critical cooling speed mainly depends on the material composition, and the content of Si is 1.4-2.0%, the content of Mn is 2.4-3.0% and the content is relatively high, so that the hardenability of the Q & P steel is enhanced to a great extent by Si and Mn, and the critical cooling speed is reduced. The cooling rate is too low to obtain a martensitic structure, and the mechanical properties cannot meet the requirements; and too large cooling rate can generate larger quenching stress (namely tissue stress and thermal stress) to cause serious bad plate shape, and deformation and cracking of the Q & P steel plate belt are easy to cause. The present invention sets the rapid cooling rate to 50-200 deg.c/s.
5. Tempering temperature control
When the alloy steel is tempered below 150 ℃, the alloy element cannot be diffused due to the fact that the temperature is too low, and only the carbon element has certain diffusion capacity, so that the low-temperature tempered steel has high hardness, but is too brittle and poor in toughness, and cannot meet the service performance requirements of a workpiece. When tempering is performed at a temperature of 200 ℃ or higher, a large amount of carbon elements and other alloy elements contained in martensite start to precipitate, so that residual stress is reduced until the residual stress disappears, and the hardness of tempered steel is gradually reduced along with the rise of tempering temperature, but the toughness is enhanced. When the tempering temperature reaches about 500 ℃, the martensite decomposition is finished, cementite gradually gathers and grows, the alpha phase starts to generate a recovery process, the temperature continues to be increased, the alpha phase starts to recrystallize, polygonal ferrite is formed, and the strength is obviously reduced. The higher the tempering temperature, the coarser the alpha phase and cementite phase, and the lower the hardness of the tempered steel, the final object of the invention is to obtain better strength and plasticity at the same time, so the invention sets the tempering temperature between 300 and 470 ℃.
6. Tempering time control
In the tempering process of steel, the tempering time plays three roles: (1) ensuring that tissue transformation is sufficient; (2) reducing or eliminating internal stress; (3) In combination with the tempering temperature, the workpiece obtains the required performance. As the rapid heating technology is adopted in the steel, austenite grains are refined, the distance between the residual austenite and the martensite generated after one-time rapid cooling is shortened, the efficiency of diffusing and distributing carbon atoms from supersaturated martensite to the residual austenite is improved, and the time required by the tempering process is also greatly reduced. However, if the tempering time is too short, the internal stress is difficult to eliminate, the brittleness and hardness of the workpiece are reduced, and the tempering time is set to be 10-60 s comprehensively considered.
According to the invention, the rapid heating and rapid cooling process is improved on the traditional continuous annealing unit, so that the rapid heat treatment process is realized, the heating and heat equalizing section length of the annealing furnace can be greatly shortened (at least one third shorter than that of the traditional continuous annealing furnace), the production efficiency of the traditional continuous annealing unit is improved, the production cost and the energy consumption are reduced, the number of the continuous annealing furnace rollers, particularly the number of the high-temperature furnace section rollers, is obviously reduced, the surface quality control capability of strip steel is improved, and the strip steel product with high surface quality is obtained. Meanwhile, the purposes of short and precise unit, flexible material transition, strong regulation and control capability and the like can be realized by establishing a novel continuous annealing unit adopting a rapid heat treatment process technology; the grain of the strip steel can be refined for the product material, the strength and plasticity of the material are further improved, the alloy cost and the manufacturing difficulty of the working procedure before heat treatment are reduced, and the use performance of users such as forming, welding and the like of the material is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The invention inhibits the recovery of deformed structure and ferrite recrystallization process in the heat treatment process by rapid heat treatment, so that the recrystallization process overlaps with the austenite transformation process, nucleation points of recrystallized grains and austenite grains are increased, the grain growth time is shortened, the grains are refined, the obtained metallographic structure martensite of Q & P steel accounts for 80-90%, the residual austenite accounts for 10-20%, the ferrite accounts for 3-5% of multiphase structure, the matrix structure is uniformly distributed, obvious lamellar tempered martensite appears, the grain size is refined to 1-3 mu m, evenly distributed ferrite phase exists around martensite strengthening phase grains, and the martensite strengthening phase grains are mainly of lamellar structure; the austenite in the tissue has various forms such as block, strip, particle and the like, has good thermal stability, the austenite transformation rate at-50 ℃ is lower than 8 percent, the austenite transformation rate at-190 ℃ is lower than 30 percent, and the TRIP effect can continuously occur under different strain conditions, so that the mechanical property and the user use property of the product are excellent.
(2) Compared with the Q & P steel obtained by the traditional heat treatment mode, the alloy composition of the Q & P steel obtained by the invention is greatly reduced, the grain size is reduced by 40-70%, the yield strength is 754-1112 MPa, the tensile strength is 1281-1350 MPa, the elongation is 19-22.2%, and the strength-plastic product is 24.8-28.97 GPa%.
(3) According to the rapid heat treatment process of the low-carbon low-alloy 1280 MPa-level Q & P steel, the total heat treatment time can be shortened to 71-186 s, the time of the whole heat treatment process (the traditional continuous annealing process time of the Q & P steel is usually 5-8 min), the production efficiency is improved, the energy consumption is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
(4) Compared with the traditional Q & P steel and the heat treatment process thereof, the rapid heat treatment method shortens the heating section and soaking section time by 60-80%, shortens the whole heat treatment process time to 71-186 s, can save energy, reduce emission and consumption, obviously reduces the one-time investment of equipment such as a furnace and the like, and obviously reduces the production running cost and the equipment maintenance cost; in addition, the alloy content can be reduced by producing products with the same strength grade through rapid heat treatment, the production cost of the heat treatment and the previous working procedures is reduced, and the manufacturing difficulty of each working procedure before the heat treatment is reduced.
(5) Compared with the Q & P steel produced by the traditional process and the heat treatment process thereof, the rapid heat treatment process technology reduces the time of the heating process and the soaking process, shortens the furnace length and reduces the number of furnace rollers, so that the probability of generating surface defects in the furnace of the Q & P steel strip steel product is reduced, and the surface quality of the product is obviously improved; in addition, because of the refinement of product crystal grains and the reduction of the alloy content of the material, the Q & P steel obtained by the technology of the invention has improved reaming performance, bending performance and other processing forming performance, welding performance and other user use performance.
The low-carbon low-alloy 1280 MPa-level Q & P steel obtained by the invention has important value for the development of new-generation light-weight vehicles such as automobiles, trains, ships, airplanes and the like, and the healthy development of corresponding industries and advanced manufacturing industries.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the microstructure of a Q & P steel produced as in example 1 for test steel A according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the microstructure of a Q & P steel produced by conventional process 1 for test steel A according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the microstructure of a Q & P steel produced as in example 7 from a test steel K according to the invention.
FIG. 4 is a photograph of the microstructure of a Q & P steel produced as in example 8 for a test steel R according to the invention.
FIG. 5 is a photograph of the microstructure of a Q & P steel produced as in example 22 for test steel P of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a photograph of the microstructure of a Q & P steel produced in accordance with example 23 of a test steel S of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to examples and drawings, and the examples are provided on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are given, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the examples described below.
The composition of the test steel according to the present invention is shown in Table 1, the specific parameters of the examples and the conventional process according to the present invention are shown in tables 2 and 3, and tables 4 and 5 are the main properties of the steels prepared by the examples and the conventional process.
It can be seen from tables 1 to 4 that by the method of the present invention, the alloy content in the same grade steel can be reduced, the grains can be refined, and good matching of the material structure and strength and toughness can be obtained. The yield strength 754-1112 MPa, the tensile strength 1281-1350 MPa, the elongation 19-22.2% and the strength-plastic product 24.8-28.97 GPa% of the Q & P steel obtained by the method.
Fig. 1 is a structure diagram of a typical composition a steel obtained through example 1, and fig. 2 is a structure diagram of a typical composition a steel obtained through conventional process example 1. From the figure, the material structure treated by different heat treatment modes is very different. The structure of the steel obtained by the method is mainly composed of fine and uniform martensitic structure dispersed on a ferrite matrix and a small amount of carbide, and the martensitic grain structure and the small amount of carbide are very fine and uniformly distributed in the ferrite matrix, which is very beneficial to improving the strength and plasticity of the material. The steel structure treated by the traditional process is relatively uneven in distribution, martensite grains are relatively large, a small amount of residual austenite and carbide structures are distributed on the martensite grain boundaries, and the distribution is uneven. The tissue treated by the traditional process is characterized in that: the grains are relatively coarse, and a certain uneven structure distribution exists.
Fig. 3 is a structure diagram of a typical composition K steel obtained through example 7, and fig. 4 is a structure diagram of a typical composition R steel obtained through example 8. Fig. 5 is a structure diagram of a typical composition P steel obtained through example 22, and fig. 6 is a structure diagram of a typical composition S steel obtained through example 23. Examples 7, 8, 22, 23 are all processes with a shorter overall heat treatment cycle. As can be seen from the figure, by adopting the method of the invention, each phase structure which is more uniform, fine and dispersed can be obtained through short-time rapid annealing treatment. Therefore, the preparation method of the invention can refine grains, so that each phase structure of the material is uniformly distributed in the matrix, thereby improving the material structure and the material performance.
The invention can reform the traditional continuous annealing unit by adopting the rapid heating and rapid cooling process, so that the rapid heat treatment process is realized, the length of the heating and soaking section of the traditional continuous annealing furnace can be greatly shortened, the production efficiency of the traditional continuous annealing unit is improved, the production cost and the energy consumption are reduced, the number of furnace rollers of the continuous annealing furnace is reduced, the control capability of the surface quality of the strip steel can be improved, and the strip steel product with high surface quality can be obtained; meanwhile, by establishing a novel continuous annealing unit adopting a rapid heat treatment process technology, the continuous heat treatment unit has the advantages of short and small size, flexible material transition, strong regulation and control capability and the like; the material can refine the grain of the strip steel, further improve the strength of the material, reduce the alloy cost, the manufacturing cost and the manufacturing difficulty of the working procedure before heat treatment, and improve the user use performance such as the welding performance of the material.
In summary, the rapid heat treatment process is adopted to greatly promote the technical progress of the continuous annealing process of the cold-rolled strip steel, the austenitizing process of the cold-rolled strip steel from room temperature to the final completion is expected to be completed in tens of seconds, tens of seconds or even a few seconds, the length of a heating section of a continuous annealing furnace is greatly shortened, the speed and the production efficiency of a continuous annealing unit are conveniently improved, the number of rollers in the furnace of the continuous annealing unit is obviously reduced, and the surface quality of the strip steel can be obviously improved for a rapid heat treatment production line with the unit speed of about 180 meters/minute, wherein the number of rollers in a high-temperature furnace section is not more than 10. Meanwhile, the rapid heat treatment process of the recrystallization and austenitizing process completed in a very short time also provides a more flexible and flexible high-strength steel structure design method, so that the material structure is improved and the material performance is improved on the premise of not changing the alloy components, the rolling process and other pre-process conditions.
The advanced high-strength steel represented by Q & P steel has wide application prospect, and the rapid heat treatment technology has huge development and application value, and the combination of the two can provide larger space for the development and production of the Q & P steel.

Claims (24)

1. A1280 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.16 to 0.23 percent, si:1.4 to 2.0 percent, mn:2.4 to 3.0 percent, ti: 0.006-0.016%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.002%, al:0.02 to 0.05 percent, one or two of Cr, mo, nb, V, cr+Mo+Ti+Nb+V less than or equal to 0.5 percent and the balance Fe and other unavoidable impurities, wherein the metallographic structure of the Q & P steel is a multi-phase structure of 80 to 90 percent of martensite, 10 to 20 percent of retained austenite and 3 to 5 percent of ferrite, the matrix structure is uniformly distributed, obvious lamellar tempered martensite appears, the grain size is 1 to 3 mu m, evenly distributed ferrite phases exist around the grains of the martensite strengthening phase, and the grains of the martensite strengthening phase are mainly of lamellar structure; and is obtained by the following process comprising:
1) Smelting and casting
Smelting and casting the steel into a slab according to the chemical components;
2) Hot rolling and coiling
The coiling temperature is 550-680 ℃;
3) Cold rolling
The cold rolling reduction rate is 40-85%;
4) Rapid thermal treatment
The cold rolled steel plate is quickly heated to 770-845 ℃, the quick heating adopts two sections, and the first section is heated to 550-625 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 15-500 ℃/s; the second section is heated from 550 ℃ to 625 ℃ to 770 ℃ to 845 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 ℃ to 500 ℃/s; soaking at 770-845 deg.c for 10-60 s;
Slowly cooling to 700-770 ℃ at a cooling rate of 5-15 ℃/s after soaking, then rapidly cooling to 230-280 ℃ at a cooling rate of 50-200 ℃/s, preserving heat for 2-10 s in the temperature interval, and then reheating to 300-470 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-30 ℃/s for tempering treatment, wherein the tempering time is 10-60 s; cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 30-100 ℃/s after tempering;
the whole process of the rapid heat treatment is 71-186 s.
2. The 1280MPa grade low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel according to claim 1, characterized in that said C content is between 0.18 and 0.21%.
3. The 1280 MPa-grade low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel according to claim 1, characterized in that said Si content is 1.6-1.8%.
4. The 1280 MPa-grade low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel according to claim 1, characterized in that said Mn content is between 2.6 and 2.8%.
5. As claimed in claim 11280 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy Q&P steel, characterized in that in step 2) the hot rolling temperature is not less than A r3 。
6. The 1280 MPa-grade low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 2) the coiling temperature is 580-650 ℃.
7. The 1280 MPa-grade low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel according to claim 5 wherein in step 2) the coiling temperature is 580-650 ℃.
8. The 1280 MPa-grade low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 3) the cold rolling reduction is 60-80%.
9. The 1280MPa low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel according to claim 1, wherein said step 1) is performed by two-stage heating: the first section is heated from room temperature to 550-625 ℃ at a heating rate of 15-300 ℃/s; the second section is heated from 550 to 625 ℃ to 770 to 845 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 to 300 ℃/s.
10. The 1280 MPa-grade low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel according to claim 1, characterized in that said step 1) rapid heating employs two-stage heating: the first section is heated from room temperature to 550-625 ℃ at a heating rate of 30-300 ℃/s; the second section is heated from 550 to 625 ℃ to 790 to 845 ℃ at a heating rate of 80 to 300 ℃/s.
11. The 1280 MPa-grade low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 4) said steel sheet is rapidly cooled from 700-770 ℃ to 230-280 ℃ at a cooling rate of 50-150 ℃/s.
12. The 1280 MPa-grade low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the austenite in the metallurgical structure of said Q & P steel has a good thermal stability, an austenite transformation ratio of less than 8% at-50 ℃ and an austenite transformation ratio of less than 30% at-190 ℃.
13. 1280 MPa-grade low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that said Q & P steel has a yield strength of 754 to 1112MPa, a tensile strength of 1281 to 1350MPa, an elongation of 19 to 22.2% and a yield product of 24.8 to 28.97GPa%.
14. The 1280 MPa-grade low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel according to claim 12 having a yield strength of 754-1112 MPa, a tensile strength of 1281-1350 MPa, an elongation of 19-22.2% and a yield product of 24.8-28.97 GPa%.
15. The rapid thermal processing manufacturing method of 1280 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel according to any one of claims 1 to 14, comprising the steps of:
1) Smelting and casting
Smelting and casting into a plate blank according to the chemical components;
2) Hot rolling and coiling
The coiling temperature is 550-680 ℃;
3) Cold rolling
The cold rolling reduction rate is 40-85%, and the rolled hard strip steel or steel plate is obtained after cold rolling;
4) Rapid thermal treatment
a) Rapid heating
Rapidly heating cold-rolled strip steel or steel plate from room temperature to 770-845 ℃ austenite and ferrite two-phase region target temperature; the rapid heating adopts two sections, wherein the first section is heated to 550-625 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 15-500 ℃/s, and the second section is heated to 770-845 ℃ from 550-625 ℃ at a heating rate of 50-500 ℃/s;
b) Soaking heat
Soaking in the target temperature 770-845 deg.c range of austenite and ferrite two-phase region for 10-60 s;
c) Cooling
After soaking, slowly cooling the strip steel or the steel plate to 700-770 ℃ at a cooling rate of 5-15 ℃/s, then rapidly cooling the strip steel or the steel plate to 230-280 ℃ at a cooling rate of 50-200 ℃/s, and preserving heat for 2-10 s in the temperature interval;
d) Tempering
After the heat preservation is finished, heating the strip steel or the steel plate to 300-470 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-30 ℃/s for tempering treatment, wherein the tempering time is 10-60 s;
e) After tempering, cooling the strip steel or the steel plate to room temperature at a cooling rate of 30-100 ℃/s;
the whole process of the rapid heat treatment is 71-186 s.
16. 1280 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy Q according to claim 15&A rapid heat treatment method for manufacturing P steel is characterized in that in the step 2), the hot rolling temperature is more than or equal to Ar 3 。
17. The rapid thermal processing manufacturing method of 1280 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel according to claim 15 or 16 wherein in step 2) the coiling temperature is 580-650 ℃.
18. The rapid thermal processing manufacturing method of 1280 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel according to claim 15 wherein in step 3) the cold rolling reduction is 60 to 80%.
19. The rapid thermal processing manufacturing method of 1280 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel according to claim 15 wherein said rapid heating is two-stage heating, the first stage heating from room temperature to 550-625 ℃ at a heating rate of 15-300 ℃/s; the second section is heated from 550 to 625 ℃ to 770 to 845 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 to 300 ℃/s.
20. The rapid thermal processing manufacturing method of 1280 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel according to claim 15 wherein said rapid heating is two-stage heating, the first stage heating from room temperature to 550-625 ℃ at a heating rate of 30-300 ℃/s; the second section is heated from 550 to 625 ℃ to 770 to 845 ℃ at a heating rate of 80 to 300 ℃/s.
21. The rapid thermal processing manufacturing method of 1280 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel according to claim 15 wherein said rapid heating final temperature is 790-845 ℃.
22. The rapid thermal processing method for producing 1280MPa low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel according to claim 15 wherein in the soaking step 4), the steel strip or sheet is heated to the target temperature in the austenite and ferrite two-phase region, and then the soaking is performed at a constant temperature for 10 to 40 seconds.
23. The rapid thermal processing manufacturing method of 1280 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel according to claim 15, wherein in the soaking process of step 4), the strip steel or the steel plate is subjected to small-amplitude heating or small-amplitude cooling in the soaking time period, the temperature after heating is no more than 845 ℃, the temperature after cooling is no less than 790 ℃, and the soaking time is 10-40 s.
24. The rapid thermal processing manufacturing method of 1280 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy Q & P steel according to claim 15 wherein in step 4) the steel strip or sheet is rapidly cooled from 700 to 770 ℃ to 230 to 280 ℃ at a cooling rate of 50 to 150 ℃/s.
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CN111349771A (en) * 2020-04-22 2020-06-30 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 980 MPa-grade cold-rolled Q & P steel with excellent plasticity and manufacturing method thereof

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